Search

Diagnosis and treatment options/strategies for helminth parasitic diseases are not standardized globally, or even across Europe, due to factors such as epidemiology, resources availability, socio-economics, and the lack of adequate information. Good communication of options can help to overcome some of these problems. In this sense, it is proposed to develop a mobile application (Abozeid et al., 2021) that allows the tailoring, and sharing, of knowledge (Abu-El-Noor et al., 2021; Kunkel et al., 2021) related to the various diagnoses and treatments in a format appropriate for all stakeholders (e.g. farmers, veterinarians, universities, researchers, laboratories, industries). The proposal aims to present the theoretical functionalities for the creation of a mobile application (Muashekele et al., 2021), the application should have a sequence of options that must be grounded in theoretical requirements. First of all, there is a necessity to have inputs standardized by the application (e.g. country/region, applicable legislation, animal typology, disease characteristics, symptoms) that should be entered into the application. The aim is to provide a range of tailored options to the end-user. Second, given the user's choices, the application can offer information and guidelines (including veterinarians available, laboratories, diagnosis, treatments, stores, among others). It is highlighted that the main gain may be the collection of information, whenever the user allows it. Finally, considering that most farmers use the language of their country, it is crucial to have the application in different European languages. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Several studies have stablished discriminant formulas (DF) from red blood cell (RBC) data as simple, low time-consuming and inexpensive tools to differentiate β-thalassemia trait (β-TT) from iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). The aim of this work is to introduce new formulas and evaluate them in the differentiation of microcytic anaemia (MA) into either β-TT or IDA in the Mediterranean region of Tarragona. A total of 200 anonymized haematological determinations with MA were collected, 100 diagnosed of β-TT and 100 diagnosed of IDA. The cut-off values of new formulas were designed to differentiate β-TT from IDA groups and their diagnostic performance were compared with other published indices. Specifically, Martin-Sanchez index (MSI-I) = (%Micro-R/MCV) * MCHC * Hb and MSI-II = Hb * (MCHC + %Micro-R)/10. In addition, a new score: MSI-score = MCHC + MSI-I + MSI-II was proposed and evaluated in a transversal study with 200 patients. In our region, MSI-II index and MSI-score have demonstrated the best AUC and Youden’s index (YI) (AUC = 0.956, YI = 81%; AUC = 0.971, YI = 87%, respectively) to discriminate β-TT from IDA groups. In summary, the new MSI-score with the highest AUC, the highest YI and the best percentage (93.5%) of correctly identified patients could be used as an efficient and robust tool in microcytic anaemia mass-screening programs in this region.

The study was designed with the aim of demonstrate the effectiveness of subcutaneous low-doses of recombinat human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in improving the procurement of autologous blood collected in a program of autotransfusion for patients who needed orthopaedic elective surgery. Initially, we studied the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous rHuEPO at 30, 60 and, 100 IU/kg bodyweight administered over a short period of time in healthy volunteers. Next, we investigated if these rHuEPO low-doses could effectively stimulate the erythropoiesis in patients included in autologous blood donation program previous to a elective orthopaedic surgical procedure.The pharmacokinetic study in 9 healthy volunteers shown that erythropoietin administered in repeat subcutaneous doses, in all treatment groups (30, 60 and, 100 IU/kg), was eliminated more slowly and remained longer in circulation in spite of lowered plasma drug levels. From the results we could not conclude the presence any decrease in reticulocyte response. Then, the treatment with more frequent and lower doses of rHuEPO would be efficacious and would contribute to reduce the risk of exposure to allogenic blood, when clinically or economically indicated. Subcutaneously administered rHuEPO at a dose of 100 IU/kg twice a week for two weeks in a preoperative autologous blood deposit program in patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery, has shown effectiveness in proper erythropoiesis stimulation. Comparing this treatment with placebo and doses ≤ 60 IU/kg of rHuEPO, we demostrate a lesser decrease in hematocrit, a greater increase in reticulocyte count and circulating red cell volume and, the collection of units with a higher red cell content. Despite of the decreased transfusion requirements in the group receiving 100 IU/kg of rHuEPO, the study could not demonstrate the effectiveness of rHuEPO therapy in reducing allogeneic blood transfusion, probably because the low rate of this procedure, even in the placebo group., Aquest treball té com objectiu conèixer l'efectivitat de dosis baixes d'eritropoetina recombinant humana (rHuEPO), administrada subcutàniament, en poder augmentar la quantitat de sang autòloga, recol·lectada en pacients sotmesos a un protocol d'autotransfusió en predipòsit per cirurgia traumatològica electiva. Per això, s'ha estudiat en primer lloc el comportament farmacocinètic i farmacodinàmic de dosis de 30, 60 i 100 UI/kg de rHuEPO, administrada a voluntaris sans per via subcutània en un protocol curt d'administració, i en segon, estudiar si aquestes dosis mínimes de rHuEPO poden ser eficaces en estimular l'eritropoesi en pacients, en el marc d'un protocol de donació agressiva de sang autòloga previ a cirurgia ortopèdica. L'estudi farmacocinètic en 9 voluntaris sans demostra que l'eritropoietina recombinant humana administrada repetidament per via subcutània, en els tres grups (30, 60 i 100 UI/kg), s'elimina més lentament i persisteix durant un major període de temps, encara que la concentració plasmàtica aconseguida sigui inferior respecte a l'injecció inicial. D'aquests fets no es deriva una manca de resposta reticulocitària. Per tant, l'administració més freqüent i a dosis més petites de rHuEPO pot ser una pauta eficaç en contribuir a reduir l'exposició de sang alogènica quan l'administració de rHuEPO estigui clínicament i/o econòmicament indicada. L'administració subcutània de 100 UI/kg de rHuEPO, 2 cops per setmana durant dues setmanes, durant un programa de donació preoperatòria de sang autòloga en pacients candidats a cirurgia traumatològica, amb l'objectiu d'aconseguir 4 unitats de sang autòloga, ha demostrat estimular de forma eficaç l'eritropoiesi. Això es demostra amb un descens menor de les xifres d'hematòcrit en resposta a les repetides sagnies, un major increment de la resposta reticulocitària, un major increment del volum expandit d'hematies i un major contingut d'hematies en les unitats de sang autòloga, comparat amb el tractament amb placebo i amb dosis de rHuEPO inferiors o iguals a 60 UI/kg. Encara que els requeriments transfusionals són inferiors en el grup de pacients tractats amb 100 UI/kg de rHuEPO, l'estudi no pot demostrar que el tractament amb rHuEPO sigui eficaç en poder disminuir la transfusió de sang alogènica, probablement per que aquesta sigui ja molt baixa en el grup de pacients que reben placebo.