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Depending on market rules, namely congestion management and balancing management, coordination between wind and hydro producers may be mutually beneficial. In this paper we propose a new collaboration scheme and a fair and transparent method, based on the Shapley value, for splitting the extra value caused by a coordinated bidding and operation strategy. We account for uncertainties in wind forecast and energy price evolution. We demonstrate the proposed approaches on a realistic system including congested lines, wind farm and a hydro plant consisting of several reservoir stages., QC 20101203

In this paper a day-ahead planning algorithm for a multi-reservoir hydropower system coordinated with wind power is developed. Coordination applies to real situations, where wind power and hydropower are owned by different utilities, sharing the same transmission lines, though hydropower has priority for transmission capacity. Coordination is thus necessary to minimize wind energy curtailments during congestion situations. The planning algorithm accounts for the uncertainty of wind power forecasts and power market price uncertainty. Planning for the spot market and the regulating market is considered in the algorithm. The planning algorithm is applied to a case study and the results are summarized in the paper., QC 20100608

Measures such as energy curtailment or gridreinforcement are required to integrate the upcoming windgeneration in parts of the power system with existing transmissionbottlenecks. In order to choose between these two measurespotential wind energy curtailments and its costs need to becarefully evaluated. The paper analyzes the effect of wakeconsideration on the overall energy curtailment cost. For thispurpose detailed wake model was used taking into account partialand multiple shading of wind turbines. It is shown that not onlywind speed but also wind direction of the incoming wind affects theamount of energy produced by a wind farm. A comparison ofcurtailment cost with cost for grid reinforcement in areas withlimited transmission capacity was carried out with and withoutconsideration of wake effect. The effect on curtailment cost due toavailability of wind turbines is also investigated both with andwithout wake effect consideration. The results have proven thatwith consideration of wake effect and availability potential windenergy curtailments are reduced and hence curtailment costs arelowered, making curtailment a cheaper option than gridreinforcement. The method illustrated in the paper can be used inpre-feasibility study to compare the costs of wind curtailment withthe costs of grid reinforcement in order to make sound economicdecision. The method can also be applied in wind farm energy yield estimation., QC 20120103

In this paper, a day-ahead planning algorithm for a multi-reservoir hydropower system coordinated with wind power is developed Coordination applies to real situations, where wind power and hydropower are owned by different utilities, sharing the same transmission lines, although hydropower has priority for transmission capacity. Coordination is thus necessary to minimize wind energy curtailments during congestion situations. The planning algorithm accounts for the uncertainty of wind power forecast. Only planning for the spot market is considered. Once the production bid is placed on the market, it cannot be changed. The solution of the stochastic optimization problem should, therefore, fulfill the transmission constraints for all wind power production scenarios. An evaluation algorithm is also developed to quantify the impact from the coordinated planning in the long run. The developed planning algorithm and the evaluation algorithm are applied in a case study. The results are compared with uncoordinated operation. The results of the case study show that coordination with wind power brings additional income to the hydropower utility and leads to significant reduction of wind energy curtailments., QC 20100608

The best conditions for the development of wind farms are in remote, open areas with low population density. The transmission system in such areas might not be dimensioned to accommodate additional large-scale power infeed. Furthermore a part of the existing transmission capacity might already be reserved for conventional power plants situated in the same area. In this paper four alternatives for large-scale wind power integration in power systems with transmission bottlenecks are considered: revision of the methods for calculation of available transmission capacity, transmission network reinforcement, excess wind energy curtailments and excess wind energy storage in hydro reservoirs. The paper provides a discussion on each of the four aforementioned alternatives based on the existing research., QC 20110719

Wind power in Russia is lagging behind many other European countries due to low cost of conventional power along with meteorological and geographical restraints. The majority of wind farm in Russia tend to be much smaller capacity than their counterparts in countries such as Germany, the United States, India and Denmark. Wind turbines installed in Russia are often purchased second-hand from Germany or Denmark and have a much lower capacity. Some Russian companies produce their own wind turbines but they are mostly of a small capacity and are designed for personal use. Most of the stations in these regions are diesel power stations (DPS) with up to 25 MW and they require vast quantities of diesel, which needs to be transported from other regions. Government financial and legislative support is required to enable wind power development in Russia and a close collaboration with foreign wind power companies is needed to acquire manufacturing and projection experience., QC 20100525

During the last two decades, the increase in electricity demand and environmental concern resulted in fast growth of power production from renewable sources. Wind power is one of the most efficient alternatives. Due to the rapid development of wind turbine technology and increasing size of wind farms, wind power plays a significant part in the power production mix of Germany, Spain, Denmark, and some other countries. The best conditions for the development of wind farms are in remote, open areas with low population density. The transmission system in such areas might not be dimensioned to accommodate additional large-scale power infeed. Furthermore a part of the existing transmission capacity might already be reserved for conventional power plants situated in the same area. In this thesis four alternatives for large-scale wind power integration in areas with transmission bottlenecks are considered. The first possibility is to revise the methods for calculation of available transmission capacity. The second solution for large-scale integration of wind power in such areas is to reinforce the network. This alternative, however, may be expensive and time consuming. As wind power production depends on the wind speed, the full load hours of wind turbine generator are only 2000-4000 hours per year. Therefore reinforcing a transmission network in order to remove a bottleneck completely is often not economically justified. Wind energy curtailments during congestion situations is then the third solution for large-scale wind power integration with less or no grid reinforcement. The fourth solution is to store excess wind energy. Pumped hydro storage or battery storage for the large-scale wind farms are still rather expensive options, but existing conventional power plants with fast production control capabilities and sufficient storage capacity, e.g., hydro power plants, could be used for this purpose. As there is a lot of research work on the first two alternatives, the thesi, QC 20100608

The paper presents a daily planning algorithm for a multi-reservoir hydropower system coordinated with wind power. The planning algorithm applies to the real situation where wind power and hydropower are owned by different utilities, sharing same transmission lines, though, hydropower has a priority for transmission capacity. Coordination is, thus, necessary to minimize wind energy curtailments during the congestion situations. The planning algorithm considers an uncertainty of wind power forecast. Forecast error scenarios are modeled with ARMA series. A scenario reduction algorithm is applied to reduce computational time. Only the planning for the spot market is considered. Thus, once the hydropower production bid is placed on the market it cannot be changed. The solution of the stochastic optimization problem should, therefore, fulfill the transmission constraints for all wind power production scenarios. The developed planning algorithm is applied in a case study. The results are compared to the planning results without coordination., © 2006 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.QC 20110719

Power production from wind turbines has increased considerably during the lost decade. Therefore today's wind turbines, which are typically set up in wind farms, have a significant influence on the operation of power systems. The efficient and secure operation of power systems is supported by grid codes, which are sets of requirements for all network users (suppliers, customers, etc.). In Europe, several transmission network operators have introduced special grid connection requirements for wind farms. These requirements are mainly based on existing grid codes, initially written for conventional power plants usually equipped with synchronous generators. This article presents a comparison of grid connection requirements for wind farms issued, or proposed as a draft, by transmission network operators in Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Scotland and Ireland., QC 20100608

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Present power markets are designed for trading conventional generation. For wind generation to participate in short-term energy market lengthy (up to 36 hours) wind power production forecasts are required. Although wind speed forecasting techniques are constantly improving, wind speed forecasts are never perfect and resulting wind power forecast errors imply imbalance costs for wind farm owners. This paper presents a method for minimization of imbalance costs. Stochastic programming is used to generate optimal wind power production bids for short term power market. Wind power forecast error is represented as stochastic parameter. The imbalance costs resulting from this strategy are then compared to the case when wind power production bids on short term power market are based only on wind speed forecast., QC 20110712

QC 20100608

Power production from wind turbines hasincreased considerably during the last decade, thereforetoday’s wind turbines, which are typically set-up in windfarms, may have a significant influence on power systemoperation. Efficient and secure operation of power system issupported by grid codes, which is set of requirements to allnetwork users (generators, customers, etc.). In Europe,several transmission network operators have introducedspecial interconnection requirements for the connection ofwind farm. These requirements are mainly based on existinggrid codes, initially written for conventional synchronousgenerators. This paper presents a comparison ofinterconnection requirements for wind farms outlined bytransmission network operators in Denmark, Sweden,Germany, Scotland and Ireland., QC 20111227QC 20151223

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