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Strategija razvoja mestnih gozdov Ljubljane opredeljuje vizijo in dolgoročne prioritete celovitega razvoja mestnih gozdov Ljubljane. Strategija je podlaga za upravljanje z mestnimi gozdovi, ki pomembno prispevajo k zagotavljanju zdravega življenjskega okolja za prebivalce in obiskovalce mesta. Strategija izraža/upošteva interes lokalne skupnosti do gozdov v mestu in njegovi neposredni okolici ter prispeva k odgovornemu načrtovanju gospodarjenja z gozdovi za potrebe skupnosti. Strategija je bila na pobudo Mestne občine Ljubljana izdelana v okviru projekta INTERREG URBforDAN za območje mestnih gozdov Ljubljane, torej vseh tistih, ki so po občinskem prostorskem načrtu opredeljeni kot gozdovi z izjemno poudarjenimi socialnimi funkcijami. Namen strategije je spodbuditi različne institucije, nevladne organizacije in posameznike k aktivnejšemu vključevanju v soodločanje o razvoju mestnih gozdov Ljubljane, krepiti zavest o pomenu teh gozdov ter izboljšati podlage za gospodarjenje z gozdovi, ki krepi socialne in ekološke funkcije. V prispevku so podane poglavitne značilnosti Strategije razvoja mestnih gozdov Ljubljane vključno s cilji in usmeritvami. Strategija nastavlja okvirje za sistem organizacijskih, finančnih in drugih ukrepov, s katerim bi lahko izboljšali usklajevanje javnih interesov v urbanem gozdnem prostoru, ki je pretežno v zasebni lasti. Izpostavlja tudi pomen sodelovanja z zasebnimi lastniki za zagotavljanje socialnih funkcij v mestnih gozdovih. The City of Ljubljana Urban Forest Development Strategy defines the vision and long-term priorities of the Ljubljana urban forests development. The strategy represents the basis for managing urban forests which significantly contribute to ensuring a healthy living environment for the citizens and visitors of the city. The strategy expresses/considers the local community%s interest in forests in the city and its direct surroundings and contributes to responsible forest management planning for the needs of the community. On the initiative of the Municipality of Ljubljana, the Strategy was prepared in the frame of URBforDAN project of the INTERREG framework for the area of the Ljubljana urban forests, that is, of all those who are defined as forests with extremely emphasized social functions according to the municipality spatial plan. The strategy intends to motivate diverse institutions, non-governmental organizations, and individuals for a more active participation in co-decision on the Ljubljana urban forests development, to build up the awareness of the significance of these forests, and to improve bases for managing the forests which boost social and ecological functions. The article presents the main characteristics of the City of Ljubljana Urban Forest Development Strategy, including goals and guidelines. The strategy sets frameworks for the system of organizational, financial, and other measures to improve the harmonization of public interests in urban forest space which is predominantly privately owned. It also highlights the importance of cooperation with private owners for ensuring social functions in urban forests.

V prispevku analiziramo strukturo in razvojne značilnosti sestojev z jelko, gospodarjenje in posek jelke po stirih rastiščnih skupinah (A-D) glede na gojitveno ekološke značilnosti jelke na podlagi podatkovnih zbirk Zavoda za gozdove Slovenije. V lesni zalogi jelke prevladuje srednje debelo (d=30-49 cm)in debelo drevje (d=50 cm in veè) (84,9 %). Najveè (45 %) debelih jelk je vdinarskih jelovjih in jelovih bukovjih (skupina B), razvojno najmlajsa je jelka v jelovjih s praprotmi in na drugih jelovih rastiščih na nekarbonatu (skupina C). Analiza debelinske strukture jelke in stevila dreves iz prve in druge izmere na stalnih vzorčnih ploskvah ter naraščanje povprečnega premera posekanih jelk v obdobju zadnjih 14 let nakazujejo staranje in regresijo jelke, ki sta izrazitejša v skupini B. Vraščanje jelke prek meritvenega praga je največje v skupini C (19,2/ha/10 let) in se statistično značilno razlikuje od drugih skupin. Najmanjšo vrast jelke ugotavljamo v skupini B (4,2/ha/10 let), jakost poseka jelke je tu najvišja (22,3 % LZ) z najvišjim povprečnim premerom posekanih jelk (42,5 cm) in 48 % sanitarne sečnje. Za aktivno ohranjanje jelke je pomembno predvsem zmanjšanje vpliva jelenjadi in skrbno ter diferencirano gojitveno ukrepanje z daljšimi parcialnimi pomladitvenimi dobami. Predlagamo tudi nekatere druge ukrepe. In the paper, we analysed the structure and developmental characteristics of forest stands with silver fir in Slovenia, the management and cut in four forest site strata, where silver fir occurs. We used databases from the Slovenia Forest Service. In growing stock (GS) of silver fir, large (dbh=30-49cm) and very large (d=50 cm and more) diameter trees account for 84.9 % at the national level. The highest share of very large diameter silver fir trees (45 %) is in Dinaric silver fir forests and silver fir-beech forests(B), the lowest in silver fir forests with fern and silver fir forests on non-carbonate ground (C). The dbh structure of GS, number of silver fir trees recorded from two subsequent measurements from permanent sampling plots,rising mean dbh of harvested silver fir trees all indicate general agingand regression of silver, which is typical of stratum B but not in all other strata. The ingrowth of silver fir in 10 years is highest in stratum C (19.2 trees/ha), the lowest in B (4.2 trees/ha). In the latter, cut intensity (22.3 % of GS), the mean dbh of harvested silver firs are highest, too. For active conservation of silver fir, reduction of the impact of large ungulates and differentiated silviculture with longer regeneration periods is of crucial importance. Some other measures are also suggested.

Beech is a predominant tree species in Slovenian forests, and together with spruce they represent as much as two-thirds of the total growing stock. As a predominant tree species, it will be one of the key factors in the selection and planning of wood processing technologies. After the glaze ice in 2014, 2.34 million m3 of beech were felled within the scope of the salvage cut. In areas with poor openness and impossible conditions to perform felling and harvesting, 521.000 m3 of affected beechwood remain in forests. Using a selected sample of 10 trees, the article analyses the quality of beechwood - from a standing tree to its production of assortments. All trees were evaluated before the felling, then they were bucked and the resulting logs assessed in terms of quality. The European standards for beech logs were used to determine the quality classes of individual assortments. In particular, covered knots and heartwood defects had a decisive impact on the assessment of wood quality in the sample. As expected, 60% of roundwood was established in logs, the majority of the highest A-quality. The trees of poorer quality provided the most stacked wood and the logs were of the worst quality, i.e. mostly D-class. Due to changes in stand conditions caused by glaze ice and bark beetle attacks, the related stands will be restored with beech trees in the future Bukev v slovenskih gozdovih prevladuje, skupaj s smreko predstavljata kar 2/3 celotne lesne zaloge. Kot prev- ladujoča drevesna vrsta bo predstavljala enega ključnih dejavnikov pri izboru in načrtovanju tehnologij predelave lesa. Po žledolomu v letu 2014 je bilo v okviru sanitarne sečnje posekanega 2,34 milijona m 3 bukve. Na območjih s slabšo odprtostjo in pretežkih razmer za sečnjo ter spravilo lesa bo v gozdu še vedno ostalo 521.000 m 3 bukovega lesa. V članku je na izbranem vzorcu 10 dreves analizirana kakovost bukovega lesa % od stoječega drevesa do njegove izde- lave na sortimente. Vsa drevesa so bila pred sečnjo ocenjena, nato skrojena, sortimenti pa ocenjeni po kakovosti. Pri določanju kakovostnih razredov posameznih sortimentov je bil uporabljen veljavni privzeti evropski standard za bukove hlode. Na oceno kakovosti lesa v vzorcu so odločilno vplivale predvsem slepice in napake srca. V prvem kakovostnem razredu dreves je bilo pričakovano ugotovljeno 60 % hlodovine, največ kakovosti A, iz dreves slabše kakovosti pa največ prostorninskega lesa in pa hlodovine najslabše kakovosti, predvsem razreda D. Ob obsežnih sestojnih spremembah zaradi žleda in napada podlubnikov se bo prihodnost teh sestojev gradila na bukvi

V celotni lesni zalogi gozdnih sestojev v Sloveniji se zmanjšuje delež jelke (Abies alba Mill.). Za ustrezno gojitveno in gozdnogospodarsko obravnavo gozdnih sestojev z jelko je pomembno poznavanje prirastoslovnih značilnosti. V raziskavi smo se omejili na debelinsko priraščanje jelke, ki smo ga analizirali s podatki s stalnih vzorčnih ploskev za 73 gozdnogospodarskih enot(N = 42.265 jelk). Povprečni letni debelinski prirastek jelke v izbranih enotah je znašal 3,43 0,25 mm. Variabilnost debelinskega priraščanja jelk jebila izrazita (KV = 75 %). Multivariatna analiza je pokazala značilen vpliv socialnega razreda drevesa, sestojne temeljnice, deleža bukve v sestoju, razvojne faze in rastiščne skupine na debelinski prirastek jelke. Izračunani so bili nekateri parametri modela priraščanja jelk in jelovih sestojev ob različnih sestojnih gostotah. V razpravi presojamo uporabnost in pomen rezultatov za gospodarjenje z jelko. Proportion of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the total growing stock of forest stands in Slovenia is decreasing. Therefore the knowledge on growth characteristics of silver fir is crucial for its appropriate treatment in forest management. Diameter growth of silver fir was analyzed with the data from permanent sampling plots in 73 forest management units (42,265 silver firs). Mean annual diameter increment in the study area was 3.43 0.25 mm its variability was significant (CV = 75 %). Multivariate analysis showed significant influence of social class, forest stand basal area, proportion of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the forest stand, the developmental phase and forest site stratum on the diameter increment of silver fir. A silver fir forest stand growth model with regard to various stand densities was calculated. In the discussion, the applicability and importance of the results for future forest management with silver fir were evaluated.

V prispevku analiziramo strukturo in razvojne značilnosti sestojev z jelko, gospodarjenje in posek jelke po stirih rastiščnih skupinah (A-D) glede na gojitveno ekološke značilnosti jelke na podlagi podatkovnih zbirk Zavoda za gozdove Slovenije. V lesni zalogi jelke prevladuje srednje debelo (d=30-49 cm)in debelo drevje (d=50 cm in veè) (84,9 %). Najveè (45 %) debelih jelk je vdinarskih jelovjih in jelovih bukovjih (skupina B), razvojno najmlajsa je jelka v jelovjih s praprotmi in na drugih jelovih rastiščih na nekarbonatu (skupina C). Analiza debelinske strukture jelke in stevila dreves iz prve in druge izmere na stalnih vzorčnih ploskvah ter naraščanje povprečnega premera posekanih jelk v obdobju zadnjih 14 let nakazujejo staranje in regresijo jelke, ki sta izrazitejša v skupini B. Vraščanje jelke prek meritvenega praga je največje v skupini C (19,2/ha/10 let) in se statistično značilno razlikuje od drugih skupin. Najmanjšo vrast jelke ugotavljamo v skupini B (4,2/ha/10 let), jakost poseka jelke je tu najvišja (22,3 % LZ) z najvišjim povprečnim premerom posekanih jelk (42,5 cm) in 48 % sanitarne sečnje. Za aktivno ohranjanje jelke je pomembno predvsem zmanjšanje vpliva jelenjadi in skrbno ter diferencirano gojitveno ukrepanje z daljšimi parcialnimi pomladitvenimi dobami. Predlagamo tudi nekatere druge ukrepe. In the paper, we analysed the structure and developmental characteristics of forest stands with silver fir in Slovenia, the management and cut in four forest site strata, where silver fir occurs. We used databases from the Slovenia Forest Service. In growing stock (GS) of silver fir, large (dbh=30-49cm) and very large (d=50 cm and more) diameter trees account for 84.9 % at the national level. The highest share of very large diameter silver fir trees (45 %) is in Dinaric silver fir forests and silver fir-beech forests(B), the lowest in silver fir forests with fern and silver fir forests on non-carbonate ground (C). The dbh structure of GS, number of silver fir trees recorded from two subsequent measurements from permanent sampling plots,rising mean dbh of harvested silver fir trees all indicate general agingand regression of silver, which is typical of stratum B but not in all other strata. The ingrowth of silver fir in 10 years is highest in stratum C (19.2 trees/ha), the lowest in B (4.2 trees/ha). In the latter, cut intensity (22.3 % of GS), the mean dbh of harvested silver firs are highest, too. For active conservation of silver fir, reduction of the impact of large ungulates and differentiated silviculture with longer regeneration periods is of crucial importance. Some other measures are also suggested.

These articles presents realization of the National Forest program with regardto development of forests on the basis of data on forests and data on realization of activities determining its development and are professionally channeled by Slovenia Forest Service. Data on development of forests, carryingout forest regeneration, care and protection, construction of forest traffic ways, maintenance of forest roads, implementation of modern technologies in forest work, training owners for forest work, changing forest functions, development of game populations, evaluation of development of gamehabitat an carrying out measures for its improvement are listed. The unfavorable trends in the field of financing public forestry service and its staffing levels are also mentioned. V prispevku je prikazano uresničevanje Nacionalnega gozdnega programa glede razvoja gozdov na podlagi podatkov o gozdovih in podatkov o izvajanju dejavnosti, ki določajo njegov razvoj in jih strokovno usmerja Zavod za gozdove Slovenije. Navedeni so podatki o razvoju gozdov, izvajanju obnove, nege in varstva gozdov, gradnji gozdnih prometnic, vzdrževanju gozdnih cest, uporabi sodobnih tehnologij pri delu z gozdom, usposabljanju lastnikov gozdov za delo v gozdu, spreminjanju funkcij gozdov, razvoju populacij divjadi ter ocene o razvoju življenjskega okolja divjadi in izvajanju ukrepov za njegovo izboljšanje. Navedeni so tudi neugodni trendi na področju financiranja javne gozdarske službe in njegove kadrovske zasedbe.

Forest is by far the most important at least mostly preserved element of the Slovenian landscape. The close-to-nature forestry keeps the forest as natural as possible, acquiring the goods from it at the same time. The close-to-natureforestry is therefore a basis for nature conservation in the whole landscape. The close-to-nature forestry as a complex manner of working with forest in Slovenia was implemented by Prof. Dr. Dušan Mlinšek, one of thepioneers of the close-to-nature forestry in the world. The close-to-nature forest management is performed in Slovenia for over 50 years. Founding the Natura 2000 network has played an important role for nature conservation in the whole EU as well as in Slovenia. The measures for achieving protection goals in Natura 2000 areas being planned in individual sectors' plans represent a Slovenian specialty. The measures in forests are thus planned in forest management plans and long-term wild game management plans. We collected opinions on the previous work for planning of measures for attaining protection goals in the Natura 2000 forests and propositions for even better work in this field in the future. Gozd je daleč najpomembnejša, vsaj pretežno ohranjena prvina slovenske krajine. Sonaravno gozdarstvo ohranja gozd, hkrati s pridobivanjem dobrin iz njega, kar najbolj naraven. Zato je sonaravno gozdarstvo temelj ohranjanja narave v vsej krajini. Sonaravno gozdarstvo je kot celovit način dela z gozdom v Sloveniji uveljavil prof. dr. Dušan Mlinšek, eden od pionirjev sonaravnega gozdarstva v svetu. V Sloveniji sonaravno gospodarimo z gozdom že več kot 50 let. Za ohranjanje narave v vsej EU in tudi v Sloveniji je bilo pomembno osnovanje omrežja Natura 2000. Slovenska posebnost je, da se ukrepi za doseganje varstvenih ciljev v območjih Natura 2000 v Sloveniji načrtujejo v načrtih posameznih sektorjev. Ukrepi v gozdovih se tako načrtujejo v gozdnogospodarskih načrtih in dolgoročnih načrtih za upravljanje z divjadjo. Iz območnih enot ZGS smo zbrali menja o dosedanjem delu pri načrtovanju ukrepov za doseganje varstvenih ciljev v gozdovih območij Natura 2000 in predloge za še boljše delo na tem področju v naprej.

Proportion of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the total growing stock of forest stands in Slovenia is decreasing. Therefore the knowledge on growth characteristics of silver fir is crucial for its appropriate treatment in forest management. Diameter growth of silver fir was analyzed with the data from permanent sampling plots in 73 forest management units (42,265 silver firs). Mean annual diameter increment in the study area was 3.43 0.25 mm; its variability was significant (CV = 75 %). Multivariate analysis showed significant influence of social class, forest stand basal area, proportion of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the forest stand, the developmental phase and forest site stratum on the diameter increment of silver fir. A silver fir forest stand growth model with regard to various stand densities was calculated. In the discussion, the applicability and importance of the results for future forest management with silver fir were evaluated. V celotni lesni zalogi gozdnih sestojev v Sloveniji se zmanjšuje delež jelke (Abies alba Mill.). Za ustrezno gojitveno in gozdnogospodarsko obravnavo gozdnih sestojev z jelko je pomembno poznavanje prirastoslovnih značilnosti. V raziskavi smo se omejili na debelinsko priraščanje jelke, ki smo ga analizirali s podatki s stalnih vzorčnih ploskev za 73 gozdnogospodarskih enot(N = 42.265 jelk). Povprečni letni debelinski prirastek jelke v izbranih enotah je znašal 3,43 0,25 mm. Variabilnost debelinskega priraščanja jelk jebila izrazita (KV = 75 %). Multivariatna analiza je pokazala značilen vpliv socialnega razreda drevesa, sestojne temeljnice, deleža bukve v sestoju, razvojne faze in rastiščne skupine na debelinski prirastek jelke. Izračunani so bili nekateri parametri modela priraščanja jelk in jelovih sestojev ob različnih sestojnih gostotah. V razpravi presojamo uporabnost in pomen rezultatov za gospodarjenje z jelko.

In the paper, we analysed the structure and developmental characteristics of forest stands with silver fir in Slovenia, the management and cut in four forest site strata, where silver fir occurs. We used databases from the Slovenia Forest Service. In growing stock (GS) of silver fir, large (dbh=30-49cm) and very large (d=50 cm and more) diameter trees account for 84.9 % at the national level. The highest share of very large diameter silver fir trees (45 %) is in Dinaric silver fir forests and silver fir-beech forests(B), the lowest in silver fir forests with fern and silver fir forests on non-carbonate ground (C). The dbh structure of GS, number of silver fir trees recorded from two subsequent measurements from permanent sampling plots,rising mean dbh of harvested silver fir trees all indicate general agingand regression of silver, which is typical of stratum B but not in all other strata. The ingrowth of silver fir in 10 years is highest in stratum C (19.2 trees/ha), the lowest in B (4.2 trees/ha). In the latter, cut intensity (22.3 % of GS), the mean dbh of harvested silver firs are highest, too. For active conservation of silver fir, reduction of the impact of large ungulates and differentiated silviculture with longer regeneration periods is of crucial importance. Some other measures are also suggested.

In the paper, we analysed the structure and developmental characteristics of forest stands with silver fir in Slovenia, the management and cut in four forest site strata, where silver fir occurs. We used databases from the Slovenia Forest Service. In growing stock (GS) of silver fir, large (dbh=30-49cm) and very large (d=50 cm and more) diameter trees account for 84.9 % at the national level. The highest share of very large diameter silver fir trees (45 %) is in Dinaric silver fir forests and silver fir-beech forests(B), the lowest in silver fir forests with fern and silver fir forests on non-carbonate ground (C). The dbh structure of GS, number of silver fir trees recorded from two subsequent measurements from permanent sampling plots,rising mean dbh of harvested silver fir trees all indicate general agingand regression of silver, which is typical of stratum B but not in all other strata. The ingrowth of silver fir in 10 years is highest in stratum C (19.2 trees/ha), the lowest in B (4.2 trees/ha). In the latter, cut intensity (22.3 % of GS), the mean dbh of harvested silver firs are highest, too. For active conservation of silver fir, reduction of the impact of large ungulates and differentiated silviculture with longer regeneration periods is of crucial importance. Some other measures are also suggested. V prispevku analiziramo strukturo in razvojne značilnosti sestojev z jelko, gospodarjenje in posek jelke po stirih rastiščnih skupinah (A-D) glede na gojitveno ekološke značilnosti jelke na podlagi podatkovnih zbirk Zavoda za gozdove Slovenije. V lesni zalogi jelke prevladuje srednje debelo (d=30-49 cm)in debelo drevje (d=50 cm in vee) (84,9 %). Najvee (45 %) debelih jelk je vdinarskih jelovjih in jelovih bukovjih (skupina B), razvojno najmlajsa je jelka v jelovjih s praprotmi in na drugih jelovih rastiščih na nekarbonatu (skupina C). Analiza debelinske strukture jelke in stevila dreves iz prve in druge izmere na stalnih vzorčnih ploskvah ter naraščanje povprečnega premera posekanih jelk v obdobju zadnjih 14 let nakazujejo staranje in regresijo jelke, ki sta izrazitejša v skupini B. Vraščanje jelke prek meritvenega praga je največje v skupini C (19,2/ha/10 let) in se statistično značilno razlikuje od drugih skupin. Najmanjšo vrast jelke ugotavljamo v skupini B (4,2/ha/10 let), jakost poseka jelke je tu najvišja (22,3 % LZ) z najvišjim povprečnim premerom posekanih jelk (42,5 cm) in 48 % sanitarne sečnje. Za aktivno ohranjanje jelke je pomembno predvsem zmanjšanje vpliva jelenjadi in skrbno ter diferencirano gojitveno ukrepanje z daljšimi parcialnimi pomladitvenimi dobami. Predlagamo tudi nekatere druge ukrepe.

we analysed the distribution and structural characteristics of beech forests from databases of the forest sub-compartments (n= 70,474) and � a permanent sample plots (n= 81,�42) of the Slovenian Forest Service (SFS). we described the distribution of beech with logistic regression model; we found that environmental variables (bedrock, slope, mean annual temperature, site productivity, stoniness and rockiness of the site) and stand type have statistical significant influence on horizontal distribution ob beech (p

The purpose of the study is to determine the differences between the recorded cut and the control cut, determined on the constant sample planes, after two measurements. We compared 26 forest management units, half of them with prevailingly state owned forests. The findings show that the recorded cut in the units with prevailingly state owned forests in the most cases corresponds to the calculated control cut. In the thirteen units with prevailingly privateforest the discrepancies are larger. The control cut is often considerably higher than the recorded one, in average almost 50%. The findingsare very important for the field of planning, forest management monitoring and control, national balances of wood use and for the whole production chain of the wood-based sector. A special attention should be paid to the planning and directing of the management in the prevailingly privately owned forests. Namen raziskave je ugotoviti razlike med evidentiranim posekom in kontrolnim posekom, ki ga ugotavljamo na stalnih vzorčnih ploskvah, po dveh meritvah. Primerjano je 26 gozdnogospodarskih enot, od tega polovica s pretežno državnimi gozdovi. Ugotovitve kažejo, da se evidentirani posek v enotah s pretežno državnimi gozdovi največkrat ujema z izračuni kontrolnega poseka. V trinajstih enotah s pretežno zasebnimi gozdovi so odstopanja večja. Kontrolni posek je pogosto precej višji od evidentiranega, v povprečju skoraj petdeset odstotkov. Ugotovitve so pomembne za področje načrtovanja, spremljanje gospodarjenja z gozdovi in njegov nadzor, za nacionalne bilance rabe lesa in za celotno proizvodno verigo sektorja, ki temelji na lesu. Posebno pozornost je potrebno nameniti načrtovanju in usmerjanju gospodarjenja v pretežno zasebnih gozdovih.