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Poverty is a social problem of our time, which has institutional foundations for its existence. The paper objective is studying the process of poverty institutionalization in Russia and finding ways to overcome it as a socio-economic phenomenon. The paper proposes measures for creating and improving existing institutions for struggle against poverty in the regions of Russia. According to the authors, improved state, private and mixed institutions in aggregate can effectively prevent the institutionalization of poverty in their territories. According to the authors and at the more adequate normative regulation of public relations, Russia will be able to achieve a real reduction in poverty in all Russian regions in a few years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popularity of study of clusters in economic research grows. Thus, researchers direct their efforts for study of this economic phenomenon and practitioners - for realization of cluster approach in economies of particular regions. Territorial concentration is not always a condition for the formation of a cluster; besides, it cannot always ensure its competitiveness. That's why the article analyzes cluster approach and the sense of cluster phenomenon and proves inconsistency of application of only geographical approach to explanation of its nature; the author substantiates the market approach, which describes non-linear process (technology) of cluster institutionalization, when in the favorable market situation, macro-environment, and microenvironment around the main production of innovational and competitive products there appear a range of enterprises, which, for the purpose of optimization of transaction costs, form the effective chain of values, characterized by investment attractiveness and potential of development. Market approach, which describes the order of institutionalization of cluster, allows transitioning to the main stage of any economic research - to possibilities of formation of mathematical apparatus which describes cluster architecture and allows modeling its perspective development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the rates of innovative development of various sectors of the modern economy makes it possible to determine the existence of a scientific and practical problem, eliciting the need for urgent identification of the reasons for non-innovative development of Oil and Gas Companies and development of the directions for innovation development. Based on a number of methods, including methods of graphical analysis, time series forecasting, construction of linear trends, correlation analysis and scenario forecasting, the authors stated the fact of the serious depth of the problem of innovative insufficiency in the oil sector in comparison with other sectors and they built six scenarios for the development of these companies. The applied methods made it possible to not only come to the conclusion that with the current level of investment in R&D in the oil and gas sector, Oil Companies may find themselves in difficult conditions, especially if breakthrough technologies show themselves in the non-hydrocarbon energy of the future, but also made it possible to determine the most important directions for the development of Oil Companies, including the formation and development of the oil and gas industry 4.0, marketing strategic management of the activities of these companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]