Search

Your search keyword '"Matoba, Japhet"' showing total 33 results
Start Over Author "Matoba, Japhet"
33 results on '"Matoba, Japhet"'

2. Temporal genomic analysis ofPlasmodium falciparumreveals increased prevalence of mutations associated with delayed clearance following treatment with artemisinin-lumefantrine in Choma District, Southern Province, Zambia

Author

Fola, Abebe A., primary, Kobayashi, Tamaki, additional, Shields, Timothy, additional, Hamapumbu, Harry, additional, Musonda, Michael, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Stevenson, Jennifer C., additional, Norris, Douglas E., additional, Thuma, Philip E., additional, Wesolowski, Amy, additional, Moss, William J., additional, Juliano, Jonathan J., additional, and Bailey, Jeffrey A., additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Diversity and selection analyses identify transmission-blocking antigens as the optimal vaccine candidates in Plasmodium falciparum

Author

Ciubotariu, Ilinca I., primary, Broyles, Bradley K., additional, Xie, Shaojun, additional, Thimmapuram, Jyothi, additional, Mwenda, Mulenga C., additional, Mambwe, Brenda, additional, Mulube, Conceptor, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Schue, Jessica L., additional, Moss, William J., additional, Bridges, Daniel J., additional, Qixin, He, additional, and Carpi, Giovanna, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Supplementing routine hospital surveillance of malaria to capture excess mortality and epidemiological trends: a five-year observational study

Author

Kabuya, Jean-Bertin Bukasa, primary, Bond, Caitlin, additional, Hauser, Manuela, additional, Sikalima, Jay, additional, Phiri, Bruce, additional, Phiri, Dickson, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Hughes, Jayme, additional, Banda, Proscovia Miiye, additional, Lupiya, James Sichivula, additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Thuma, Philip E., additional, Moss, William J., additional, and Ippolito, Matthew M., additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Ineffectiveness of international travel restrictions to contain spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant: a continent-wide laboratory-based observational study from Africa

Author

Fischer, Carlo, primary, Maponga, Tongai Gibson, additional, Yadouleton, Anges, additional, Abilio, Nuro, additional, Aboce, Emmanuel, additional, Adewumi, Praise, additional, Afonso, Pedro, additional, Akorli, Jewelna, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, additional, Anga, Latifa, additional, Ashong, Yvonne, additional, Beloufa, Mohamed Amine, additional, Bensalem, Aicha, additional, Birtles, Richard, additional, Magloire Boumba, Anicet Luc, additional, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Chaponda, Mike, additional, Chibukira, Paradzai, additional, Chico, R Matthew, additional, Chileshe, Justin, additional, Choga, Wonderful, additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Cisse, Assana, additional, Cisse, Fatoumata, additional, D Alessandro, Umberto, additional, de Lamballerie, Xavier, additional, de Morais, Joana F.M., additional, Derrar, Fawzi, additional, Dia, Ndongo, additional, Diarra, Youssouf, additional, Doumbia, Lassina, additional, Drosten, Christian, additional, Dussart, Philippe, additional, Echodu, Richard, additional, Luedde, Tom, additional, Eloualid, Abdelmajid, additional, Faye, Ousmane, additional, Feldt, Torsten, additional, Fruehauf, Anna, additional, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, additional, Halatoko, Afiwa, additional, Ilouga, Pauliana-Vanessa, additional, Ismael, Nalia, additional, Jambou, Ronan, additional, Jarju, Sheikh, additional, Kamprad, Antje, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Kayiwa, John, additional, Kingwara, Leonard, additional, Koita, Ousmane, additional, Lacoste, Vincent, additional, Lagare, Adamou, additional, Landt, Olfert, additional, Lekana-Douki, Sonia Etenna, additional, Lekana-Douki, Jean-Bernard, additional, Iipumbu, Etuhole, additional, Loemba, Hugues, additional, Lutwama, Julius, additional, Mamadou, Santou, additional, Maman, Issaka, additional, Manyisa, Brendon, additional, Martinez, Pedro A., additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Mhuulu, Lusia, additional, Moreira-Soto, Andres, additional, Moyo, Sikhulile, additional, Mwangi, Judy, additional, Ndilimabaka, Nadine, additional, Nassuna, Charity Angella, additional, Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane, additional, Nepolo, Emmanuel, additional, Njouom, Richard, additional, Nourlil, Jalal, additional, Nyanjom, Steven Ger, additional, Odari, Eddy Okoth, additional, Okeng, Alfred, additional, Ouoba, Jean Bienvenue, additional, Owusu, Michael, additional, Donkor, Irene Owusu, additional, Phadu, Karabo Kristen, additional, Phillips, Richard Odame, additional, Preiser, Wolfgang, additional, Roques, Pierre, additional, Ruhanya, Vurayai, additional, Salah, Fortune, additional, Salifou, Sourakatou, additional, Sall, Amadou Alpha, additional, Sylverken, Augustina Angelina, additional, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo, Paul Alain, additional, Tarnagda, Zekiba, additional, Tchikaya, Francis Olivier, additional, Tordo, Noel, additional, Tufa, Tafese Beyene, additional, and Drexler, Jan Felix, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Feasibility and acceptability of collecting dried blood spots (DBS) from children after vaccination during Supplementary Immunization Activities to estimate measles and rubella

Author

Carcelen, Andrea C., primary, Prosperi, Christine, additional, Hamahuwa, Mutinta, additional, Kapungu, Kelvin, additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Mwansa, Francis D., additional, Ndubani, Phillimon, additional, Simulundu, Edgar, additional, Bwalya, Innocent C., additional, Matakala, Kalumbu H., additional, Musukwa, Gloria, additional, Mutale, Irene, additional, Betha, Evans, additional, Chaavwa, Nchimunya, additional, Kampamba, Lombe, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Munachoonga, Passwell, additional, Mufwambi, Webster, additional, Situtu, Ken, additional, Thuma, Philip E., additional, Sakala, Constance, additional, Kayeye, Princess, additional, Truelove, Shaun A., additional, Winter, Amy K., additional, Ferrari, Matthew J, additional, Moss, William J., additional, and Mutembo, Simon, additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. The Role of Rural Health Centres in the Detection and Management of Malaria Outbreaks in a Low Transmission Setting of Choma District, Zambia

Author

lubinda, Mukuma, primary, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Sing’anga, Caison, additional, G. Meleki, Emmanuel, additional, Mukosha, Rakel, additional, Mudenda, Twig, additional, Simubali, Limonty, additional, M. Mburu, Monicah, additional, Simulundu, Edgar, additional, Thuma, Phillip, additional, and Shiff, Clive, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Retraction

Author

Fischer, Carlo, primary, Maponga, Tongai Gibson, additional, Yadouleton, Anges, additional, Abílio, Nuro, additional, Aboce, Emmanuel, additional, Adewumi, Praise, additional, Afonso, Pedro, additional, Akorli, Jewelna, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, additional, Anga, Latifa, additional, Ashong, Yvonne, additional, Beloufa, Mohamed Amine, additional, Bensalem, Aicha, additional, Birtles, Richard, additional, Boumba, Anicet Luc Magloire, additional, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Chaponda, Mike, additional, Chibukira, Paradzai, additional, Chico, R. Matthew, additional, Chileshe, Justin, additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Cissé, Assana, additional, D’Alessandro, Umberto, additional, de Lamballerie, Xavier Nicolas, additional, de Morais, Joana F. M., additional, Derrar, Fawzi, additional, Dia, Ndongo, additional, Diarra, Youssouf, additional, Doumbia, Lassina, additional, Drosten, Christian, additional, Dussart, Philippe, additional, Echodu, Richard, additional, Eggers, Yannik, additional, Eloualid, Abdelmajid, additional, Faye, Ousmane, additional, Feldt, Torsten, additional, Frühauf, Anna, additional, Halatoko, Afiwa, additional, Ilouga, Pauliana-Vanessa, additional, Ismael, Nalia, additional, Jambou, Ronan, additional, Jarju, Sheikh, additional, Kamprad, Antje, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Kayiwa, John, additional, King’wara, Leonard, additional, Koita, Ousmane, additional, Lacoste, Vincent, additional, Lagare, Adamou, additional, Landt, Olfert, additional, Lekana-Douki, Sonia Etenna, additional, Lekana-Douki, Jean-Bernard, additional, Iipumbu, Etuhole, additional, Loemba, Hugues, additional, Lutwama, Julius, additional, Mamadou, Santou, additional, Maman, Issaka, additional, Manyisa, Brendon, additional, Martinez, Pedro A., additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Mhuulu, Lusia, additional, Moreira-Soto, Andres, additional, Mwangi, Judy, additional, N’dilimabaka, Nadine, additional, Nassuna, Charity Angella, additional, Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane, additional, Nepolo, Emmanuel, additional, Njouom, Richard, additional, Nourlil, Jalal, additional, Nyanjom, Steven Ger, additional, Odari, Eddy Okoth, additional, Okeng, Alfred, additional, Ouoba, Jean Bienvenue, additional, Owusu, Michael, additional, Donkor, Irene Owusu, additional, Phadu, Karabo Kristen, additional, Phillips, Richard Odame, additional, Preiser, Wolfgang, additional, Ruhanya, Vurayai, additional, Salah, Fortune, additional, Salifou, Sourakatou, additional, Sall, Amadou Alpha, additional, Sylverken, Augustina Angelina, additional, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo, Paul Alain, additional, Tarnagda, Zekiba, additional, Tchikaya, Francis Olivier, additional, Tufa, Tafese Beyene, additional, and Drexler, Jan Felix, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Gradual emergence followed by exponential spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Africa

Author

Fischer, Carlo, primary, Maponga, Tongai Gibson, additional, Yadouleton, Anges, additional, Abílio, Nuro, additional, Aboce, Emmanuel, additional, Adewumi, Praise, additional, Afonso, Pedro, additional, Akorli, Jewelna, additional, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, additional, Anga, Latifa, additional, Ashong, Yvonne, additional, Beloufa, Mohamed Amine, additional, Bensalem, Aicha, additional, Birtles, Richard, additional, Boumba, Anicet Luc Magloire, additional, Bwanga, Freddie, additional, Chaponda, Mike, additional, Chibukira, Paradzai, additional, Chico, R. Matthew, additional, Chileshe, Justin, additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Cissé, Assana, additional, D’Alessandro, Umberto, additional, de Lamballerie, Xavier Nicolas, additional, de Morais, Joana F. M., additional, Derrar, Fawzi, additional, Dia, Ndongo, additional, Diarra, Youssouf, additional, Doumbia, Lassina, additional, Drosten, Christian, additional, Dussart, Philippe, additional, Echodu, Richard, additional, Eggers, Yannik, additional, Eloualid, Abdelmajid, additional, Faye, Ousmane, additional, Feldt, Torsten, additional, Frühauf, Anna, additional, Halatoko, Afiwa, additional, Ilouga, Pauliana-Vanessa, additional, Ismael, Nalia, additional, Jambou, Ronan, additional, Jarju, Sheikh, additional, Kamprad, Antje, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Kayiwa, John, additional, King’wara, Leonard, additional, Koita, Ousmane, additional, Lacoste, Vincent, additional, Lagare, Adamou, additional, Landt, Olfert, additional, Lekana-Douki, Sonia Etenna, additional, Lekana-Douki, Jean-Bernard, additional, Iipumbu, Etuhole, additional, Loemba, Hugues, additional, Lutwama, Julius, additional, Mamadou, Santou, additional, Maman, Issaka, additional, Manyisa, Brendon, additional, Martinez, Pedro A., additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Mhuulu, Lusia, additional, Moreira-Soto, Andres, additional, Mwangi, Judy, additional, N´dilimabaka, Nadine, additional, Nassuna, Charity Angella, additional, Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane, additional, Nepolo, Emmanuel, additional, Njouom, Richard, additional, Nourlil, Jalal, additional, Nyanjom, Steven Ger, additional, Odari, Eddy Okoth, additional, Okeng, Alfred, additional, Ouoba, Jean Bienvenue, additional, Owusu, Michael, additional, Owusu Donkor, Irene, additional, Phadu, Karabo Kristen, additional, Phillips, Richard Odame, additional, Preiser, Wolfgang, additional, Ruhanya, Vurayai, additional, Salah, Fortune, additional, Salifou, Sourakatou, additional, Sall, Amadou Alpha, additional, Sylverken, Augustina Angelina, additional, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo, Paul Alain, additional, Tarnagda, Zekiba, additional, Tchikaya, Francis Olivier, additional, Tufa, Tafese Beyene, additional, and Drexler, Jan Felix, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. What is the prevalence of COVID-19 detection by PCR among deceased individuals in Lusaka, Zambia? A postmortem surveillance study

Author

Gill, Christopher J, primary, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, additional, MacLeod, William B, additional, Kwenda, Geoffrey, additional, Pieciak, Rachel C, additional, Etter, Lauren, additional, Bridges, Daniel, additional, Chikoti, Chilufya, additional, Chirwa, Sarah, additional, Chimoga, Charles, additional, Forman, Leah, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Lapidot, Rotem, additional, Lungu, James, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Mwinga, Gift, additional, Mubemba, Benjamin, additional, Mupila, Zachariah, additional, Muleya, Walter, additional, Mwenda, Mulenga, additional, Ngoma, Benard, additional, Nakazwe, Ruth, additional, Nzara, Diana, additional, Pawlak, Natalie, additional, Pemba, Lillian, additional, Saasa, Ngonda, additional, Simulundu, Edgar, additional, Yankonde, Baron, additional, and Thea, Donald M, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Extended pre-exposure prophylaxis with lopinavir–ritonavir versus lamivudine to prevent HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding up to 50 weeks in infants in Africa (ANRS 12174): a randomised controlled trial

Author

Van de Perre, Philippe, Nagot, Nicolas, Vallo, Roselyne, Marechal, Valerie, Peries, Marianne, Neveu, Dorine, Foulongne, Vincent, Segondy, Michel, Blanche, Stephane, Treluyer, Jean-Marc, Hirt, Deborah, Tumwine, James K, Ndeezi, Grace, Karamagi, Charles, Musoke, Philippa, Mugaba, Proscovia M, Kwagala, Mary, Murungi, Joan, Muweesi, Hawa Nabuuma, Ninsiima, Evelyn, Baryeija, Simon, Juma, Frederic, Kata, Caleb Bwengye, Katushabe, Stuart, Meda, Nicolas, Ouédraogo, Rasmata, Yé, Diarra, Somé, Eric, Traoré, Hugues A, Nadembega, Christelle, Konaté, Justin, Zongo, Arsène, Ouédraogo, Abass, Néboua, Désiré, Bélemviré, Aissatou, Bambara, Armel, Boncoungou, Justine, Zoungrana, Danielle, Nikodem, Cheryl, Hofmeyr, Justus, Harper, Kim, Jackson, Debra, Sanders, David, Singata, Mandisa, Aku, Amwe, Okegbe-Eze, Collins, Williams, Xoliswa, Mshweshwe, Nolundi, Henge, Vatiswa, Gomba, Fikiswa, Gundu, Tapiwa, Khondowe, Oswell, Kankasa, Chipepo, Mwiya, Mwiya, Lusaka, Mildred, Chizyuka, Mary, Phiri, Mary, Imakando, Billies, Musaku, Mwenechanya, Kapasa, Monica, Rutagwera, David, Clement, Gondwe, Mwaba, Hilton Mwila, Matoba, Japhet, Siuluta, Chafye, Chola, Katai, Mwamutanda, Patricia, Tylleskär, Thorkild, Sommerfelt, Halvor, Engebretsen, Ingunn, Klungsøyr, Jørn, van den Broeck, Jan, Blume, Jörn, Rekacewicz, Claire, Hofmeyr, G Justus, Traore, Hugues, Sunday, Amwe, Some, Eric, Neboua, Desire, Maréchal, Valérie, Engebretsen, Ingunn M S, Lombard, Carl, and Blanche, Stéphane

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Temporal and spatial analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genomics reveals patterns of parasite connectivity in a low-transmission district in Southern Province, Zambia.

Author

Fola, Abebe A., Moser, Kara A., Aydemir, Ozkan, Hennelly, Chris, Kobayashi, Tamaki, Shields, Timothy, Hamapumbu, Harry, Musonda, Michael, Katowa, Ben, Matoba, Japhet, Stevenson, Jennifer C., Norris, Douglas E., Thuma, Philip E., Wesolowski, Amy, Moss, William J., Bailey, Jeffrey A., and Juliano, Jonathan J.

Subjects
PLASMODIUM falciparum, GENOMICS, MOLECULAR probes, PARASITES, MEDICAL centers, REOVIRUSES
Abstract

Background: Understanding temporal and spatial dynamics of malaria transmission will help to inform effective interventions and strategies in regions approaching elimination. Parasite genomics are increasingly used to monitor epidemiologic trends, including assessing residual transmission across seasons and importation of malaria into these regions. Methods: In a low and seasonal transmission setting of southern Zambia, a total of 441 Plasmodium falciparum samples collected from 8 neighbouring health centres between 2012 and 2018 were genotyped using molecular inversion probes (MIPs n = 1793) targeting a total of 1832 neutral and geographically informative SNPs distributed across the parasite genome. After filtering for quality and missingness, 302 samples and 1410 SNPs were retained and used for downstream population genomic analyses. Results: The analyses revealed most (67%, n = 202) infections harboured one clone (monogenomic) with some variation at local level suggesting low, but heterogenous malaria transmission. Relatedness identity-by-descent (IBD) analysis revealed variable distribution of IBD segments across the genome and 6% of pairs were highly-related (IBD ≥ 0.25). Some of the highly-related parasite populations persisted across multiple seasons, suggesting that persistence of malaria in this low-transmission region is fueled by parasites "seeding" across the dry season. For recent years, clusters of clonal parasites were identified that were dissimilar to the general parasite population, suggesting parasite populations were increasingly fragmented at small spatial scales due to intensified control efforts. Clustering analysis using PCA and t-SNE showed a lack of substantial parasite population structure. Conclusion: Leveraging both genomic and epidemiological data provided comprehensive picture of fluctuations in parasite populations in this pre-elimination setting of southern Zambia over 7 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Policy Implications of the Southern and Central Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research: Ten Years of Malaria Control Impact Assessments in Hypo-, Meso-, and Holoendemic Transmission Zones in Zambia and Zimbabwe

Author

Wesolowski, Amy, primary, Ippolito, Matthew M., additional, Gebhardt, Mary E., additional, Ferriss, Ellen, additional, Schue, Jessica L., additional, Kobayashi, Tamaki, additional, Chaponda, Mike, additional, Kabuya, Jean-Bertin, additional, Muleba, Mbanga, additional, Mburu, Monicah, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Musonda, Michael, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Lubinda, Mukuma, additional, Hamapumbu, Harry, additional, Simubali, Limonty, additional, Mudenda, Twig, additional, Shields, Timothy M., additional, Hackman, Andre, additional, Shiff, Clive, additional, Coetzee, Maureen, additional, Koekemoer, Lizette L., additional, Munyati, Shungu, additional, Gwanzura, Lovemore, additional, Mutambu, Susan, additional, Stevenson, Jennifer C., additional, Thuma, Philip E., additional, Norris, Douglas E., additional, Bailey, Jeffrey A., additional, Juliano, Jonathan J., additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Mulenga, Modest, additional, Simulundu, Edgar, additional, Mharakurwa, Sungano, additional, Agre, Peter, additional, Moss, William J., additional, and _, _, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Scientific Findings of the Southern and Central Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research: Ten Years of Malaria Control Impact Assessments in Hypo-, Meso-, and Holoendemic Transmission Zones in Zambia and Zimbabwe

Author

Ippolito, Matthew M., primary, Gebhardt, Mary E., additional, Ferriss, Ellen, additional, Schue, Jessica L., additional, Kobayashi, Tamaki, additional, Chaponda, Mike, additional, Kabuya, Jean-Bertin, additional, Muleba, Mbanga, additional, Mburu, Monicah, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Musonda, Michael, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Lubinda, Mukuma, additional, Hamapumbu, Harry, additional, Simubali, Limonty, additional, Mudenda, Twig, additional, Wesolowski, Amy, additional, Shields, Timothy M., additional, Hackman, Andre, additional, Shiff, Clive, additional, Coetzee, Maureen, additional, Koekemoer, Lizette L., additional, Munyati, Shungu, additional, Gwanzura, Lovemore, additional, Mutambu, Susan, additional, Stevenson, Jennifer C., additional, Thuma, Philip E., additional, Norris, Douglas E., additional, Bailey, Jeffrey A., additional, Juliano, Jonathan J., additional, Chongwe, Gershom, additional, Mulenga, Modest, additional, Simulundu, Edgar, additional, Mharakurwa, Sungano, additional, Agre, Peter C., additional, Moss, William J., additional, and _, _, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Southern Province of Zambia: Detection and Characterization of Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron Variants of Concern

Author

Katowa, Ben, primary, Kalonda, Annie, additional, Mubemba, Benjamin, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Shempela, Doreen Mainza, additional, Sikalima, Jay, additional, Kabungo, Boniface, additional, Changula, Katendi, additional, Chitanga, Simbarashe, additional, Kasonde, Mpanga, additional, Kapona, Otridah, additional, Kapata, Nathan, additional, Musonda, Kunda, additional, Monze, Mwaka, additional, Tembo, John, additional, Bates, Matthew, additional, Zumla, Alimuddin, additional, Sutcliffe, Catherine G., additional, Kajihara, Masahiro, additional, Yamagishi, Junya, additional, Takada, Ayato, additional, Sawa, Hirofumi, additional, Chilengi, Roma, additional, Mukonka, Victor, additional, Muleya, Walter, additional, and Simulundu, Edgar, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. The Unmeasured Burden of Febrile, Respiratory, and Diarrheal Illnesses Identified Through Active Household Surveillance in a Low Malaria Transmission Setting in Southern Zambia

Author

Mueller, Alexandra K., primary, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Schue, Jessica L., additional, Hamapumbu, Harry, additional, Kobayashi, Tamaki, additional, Stevenson, Jennifer C., additional, Thuma, Philip E., additional, Wesolowski, Amy, additional, Moss, William J., additional, and _, _, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Sustained high prevalence of COVID-19 deaths from a systematic post-mortem study in Lusaka, Zambia: one year later

Author

Gill, Christopher J, primary, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, additional, MacLeod, William, additional, Kwenda, Geoffrey, additional, Pieciak, Rachel, additional, Etter, Lauren E, additional, Bridges, Daniel, additional, Chikot, Chilufya, additional, Chirwa, Sarah, additional, Chimoga, Charles, additional, Forman, Leah, additional, Katowa, Benjamin, additional, Lapidot, Rotem, additional, Lungu, James, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Mwinga, Gift, additional, Mubemba, Benjamin, additional, Mupila, Zachariah, additional, Muleya, Walter, additional, Mwenda, Mulenga, additional, Ngoma, Benard, additional, Nakazwe, Ruth, additional, Nzara, Diana, additional, Pawlak, Natalie, additional, Pemba, Lilian, additional, Saasa, Ngonda, additional, Simulundu, Edgar, additional, Yankonde, Baron, additional, and Thea, Donald M, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Temporal and spatial analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genomics reveals patterns of connectivity in a low-transmission district in Southern Province, Zambia

Author

Moser, Kara A., primary, Aydemir, Ozkan, additional, Hennelly, Chris, additional, Kobayashi, Tamaki, additional, Shields, Timothy, additional, Hamapumbu, Harry, additional, Musonda, Michael, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Stevenson, Jennifer C., additional, Norris, Douglas E., additional, Thuma, Philip E., additional, Wesolowski, Amy, additional, Moss, William J., additional, Bailey, Jeffrey A., additional, and Juliano, Jonathan J., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Sustained Malaria Transmission despite Reactive Screen-and-Treat in a Low-Transmission Area of Southern Zambia

Author

Searle, Kelly M., primary, Katowa, Ben, additional, Musonda, Michael, additional, Pringle, Julia C., additional, Hamapumbu, Harry, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Lubinda, Mukuma, additional, Shields, Timothy, additional, Kobayashi, Tamaki, additional, Stevenson, Jennifer C., additional, Norris, Douglas E., additional, Thuma, Philip E., additional, Wesolowski, Amy, additional, Moss, William J., additional, and _, _, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Improving the efficiency of reactive case detection for malaria elimination in southern Zambia: a cross-sectional study

Author

Bhondoekhan, Fiona R.P., primary, Searle, Kelly M., additional, Hamapumba, Harry, additional, Lubinda, Mukuma, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Musonda, Michael, additional, Katowa, Ben, additional, Shields, Timothy M., additional, Kobayashi, Tamaki, additional, Norris, Douglas, additional, Curriero, Frank C, additional, Stevenson, Jennifer C., additional, Thuma, Philip E., additional, and Moss, William J., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Changes in body mass index and hemoglobin concentration in breastfeeding women living with HIV with a CD4 count over 350: Results from 4 African countries (The ANRS 12174 trial)

Author

Somé, Eric, Engebretsen, Ingunn Marie S., Nagot, Nicolas, Meda, Nicolas Y, Vallo, Roselyne, Kankasa, Chipepo, Tumwine, James K, Singata, Mandisa, Hofmeyr, Justus G, Van De Perre, Philippe, Tylleskär, Thorkild, Marechal, Valerie, Neveu, Dorine, Foulongne, Vincent, Segondy, Michel, Schaub, Roxanne, Blanche, Stephane, Treluyer, Jean-Marc, Hirt, Deborah, Karamagi, Charles, Musoke, Philippa, Ndeezi, Grace, Mugaba, Proscovia M, Kwagala, Mary, Murungi, Joan, Muweesi, Hawa Nabuuma, Ninsiima, Evelyn, Baryeija, Simon, Ouedraogo, Rasmata, Ye, Diarra, Traore, Hugues A, Nadembega, Christelle, Konate, Justin, Zongo, Arsene, Ouedraogo, Abass, Neboua, Desire, Belemvire, Aissatou, Bambara, Armel, Boncoungou, Justine, Zoungrana, Danielle, Nikodem, Cheryl, Harper, Kim, Jackson, Debra, Sanders, David, Sunday, Amwe, Okegbe-Eze, Collins, Williams, Xoliswa, Mshweshwe, Nolundi, Henge, Vatiswa, Gomba, Fikiswa, Nikodem, Lada, Khondowe, Oswell, Mwiya, Mwiya, Lusaka, Mildreed, Chizyuka, Mary, Phiri, Mary, Imakando, Billies, Musaku, Mwenechanya, Kapasa, Monica, Rutagwera, David, Clement, Ngondwe, Mwaba, Hilton Mwila, Matoba, Japhet, Mwaba, Hilton, Siumita, Chafye, Chola, Katai, Mwamutanda, Patricia, Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)

Subjects
RNA viruses, Pediatrics, Physiology, Maternal Health, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Breastfeeding, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry, Geographical locations, Body Mass Index, Families, Hemoglobins, South Africa, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Immunodeficiency Viruses, Interquartile range, Reproductive Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Uganda, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, Children, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Lopinavir, 3. Good health, Breast Feeding, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Cohort, Viruses, Female, Pathogens, Infants, medicine.drug, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, 030231 tropical medicine, Zambia, Breast milk, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Retroviruses, Burkina Faso, medicine, Lactation, Humans, Hemoglobin, Microbial Pathogens, Endocrine Physiology, business.industry, Lentivirus, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, HIV, Proteins, medicine.disease, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Age Groups, People and Places, Africa, Women's Health, Population Groupings, lcsh:Q, Neonatology, business, Breast feeding, Body mass index
Abstract

International audience; Breastfeeding is recommended for infants born to HIV-infected women in low-income settings. Both breastfeeding and HIV-infection are energy demanding. Our objective was to explore how exclusive and predominant breastfeeding changes body mass index (BMI) among breastfeeding HIV1-positive women participating in the ANRS12174 trial (clinical trial no NCT0064026). METHODS: HIV-positive women (n = 1 267) with CD4 count \textgreater350, intending to breastfeed HIV-negative infants were enrolled from Burkina Faso, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia and counselled on breastfeeding. N = 1 216 were included in the analysis. The trial compared Lamivudine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir as a peri-exposure prophylaxis. We ran a linear mixed-effect model with BMI as the dependent variable and exclusive or predominant breastfeeding duration as the key explanatory variable. RESULTS: Any breastfeeding or exclusive/predominant) breastfeeding was initiated by 99.6% and 98.6% of the mothers respectively in the first week after birth. The median (interquartile range: IQR) duration of the group that did any breastfeeding or the group that did exclusive /predominant breastfeeding were 9.5 (7.5; 10.6) and 5.8 (5.6; 5.9)) months, respectively. The median (IQR) age, BMI, CD4 count, and HIV viral load at baseline (day 7) were 27 (23.3; 31) years, 23.7 (21.3; 27.0) kg/m2, 530 (432.5; 668.5) cells/μl and 0.1 (0.8; 13.7)1000 copies/mL, respectively. No major change in mean BMI was seen in this cohort over a 50-week period during lactation. The mean change between 26 and 50 weeks after birth was 0.7 kg/m2. Baseline mean BMI (measured on day 7 postpartum) and CD4 count were positively associated with maternal BMI change, with a mean increase of 1.0 kg/m2 (0.9; 1.0) per each additional baseline-BMI kilogram and 0.3 kg/m2 (0.2; 0.5) for each additional CD4 cell/μl, respectively. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding was not negatively correlated with the BMI of HIV-1 infected Sub-Saharan African mothers. However, a higher baseline BMI and a CD4 count \textgreater500 cells/μl were associated with maternal BMI during the exclusive/ predominant breastfeeding period. Considering the benefits of breast milk for the infants and the recurrent results from different studies that breastfeeding is not harmful to the HIV-1-infected mothers, this study also supports the WHO 2016 guidelines on infant feeding that mothers living with HIV should breastfeed where formula is not safe for at least 12 months and up to 24 months, given that the right treatment or prophylaxis for the infection is administered. These findings and conclusions cannot be extrapolated to women who are immune-compromised or have AIDS.

Published
2017

26. Improving the efficiency of reactive case detection for malaria elimination in southern Zambia: a cross-sectional study.

Author

Bhondoekhan, Fiona R. P., Searle, Kelly M., Hamapumbu, Harry, Lubinda, Mukuma, Matoba, Japhet, Musonda, Michael, Katowa, Ben, Shields, Timothy M., Kobayashi, Tamaki, Norris, Douglas E., Curriero, Frank C., Stevenson, Jennifer C., Thuma, Philip E., and Moss, William J.

Subjects
MALARIA, ENVIRONMENTAL risk, GENERALIZED estimating equations, GLUCOSE-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, HEALTH facilities, CROSS-sectional method
Abstract

Background: Reactive case detection (RCD) seeks to enhance malaria surveillance and control by identifying and treating parasitaemic individuals residing near index cases. In Zambia, this strategy starts with passive detection of symptomatic incident malaria cases at local health facilities or by community health workers, with subsequent home visits to screen-and-treat residents in the index case and neighbouring (secondary) households within a 140-m radius using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, a small circular radius may not be the most efficient strategy to identify parasitaemic individuals in low-endemic areas with hotspots of malaria transmission. To evaluate if RCD efficiency could be improved by increasing the probability of identifying parasitaemic residents, environmental risk factors and a larger screening radius (250 m) were assessed in a region of low malaria endemicity. Methods: Between January 12, 2015 and July 26, 2017, 4170 individuals residing in 158 index and 531 secondary households were enrolled and completed a baseline questionnaire in the catchment area of Macha Hospital in Choma District, Southern Province, Zambia. Plasmodium falciparum prevalence was measured using PfHRP2 RDTs and quantitative PCR (qPCR). A Quickbird™ high-resolution satellite image of the catchment area was used to create environmental risk factors in ArcGIS, and generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and secondary households with parasitaemic individuals. Results: The parasite prevalence in secondary (non-index case) households was 0.7% by RDT and 1.8% by qPCR. Overall, 8.5% (n = 45) of secondary households had at least one resident with parasitaemia by qPCR or RDT. The risk of a secondary household having a parasitaemic resident was significantly increased in proximity to higher order streams and marginally with increasing distance from index households. The adjusted OR for proximity to third- and fifth-order streams were 2.97 (95% CI 1.04–8.42) and 2.30 (95% CI 1.04–5.09), respectively, and that for distance to index households for each 50 m was 1.24 (95% CI 0.98–1.58). Conclusion: Applying proximity to streams as a screening tool, 16% (n = 3) more malaria-positive secondary households were identified compared to using a 140-m circular screening radius. This analysis highlights the potential use of environmental risk factors as a screening strategy to increase RCD efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Extended pre-exposure prophylaxis with lopinavir–ritonavir versus lamivudine to prevent HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding up to 50 weeks in infants in Africa (ANRS 12174): a randomised controlled trial

Author

Nagot, Nicolas, primary, Kankasa, Chipepo, additional, Tumwine, James K, additional, Meda, Nicolas, additional, Hofmeyr, G Justus, additional, Vallo, Roselyne, additional, Mwiya, Mwiya, additional, Kwagala, Mary, additional, Traore, Hugues, additional, Sunday, Amwe, additional, Singata, Mandisa, additional, Siuluta, Chafye, additional, Some, Eric, additional, Rutagwera, David, additional, Neboua, Desire, additional, Ndeezi, Grace, additional, Jackson, Debra, additional, Maréchal, Valérie, additional, Neveu, Dorine, additional, Engebretsen, Ingunn M S, additional, Lombard, Carl, additional, Blanche, Stéphane, additional, Sommerfelt, Halvor, additional, Rekacewicz, Claire, additional, Tylleskär, Thorkild, additional, Van de Perre, Philippe, additional, Nagot, Nicolas, additional, Marechal, Valerie, additional, Peries, Marianne, additional, Foulongne, Vincent, additional, Segondy, Michel, additional, Blanche, Stephane, additional, Treluyer, Jean-Marc, additional, Hirt, Deborah, additional, Karamagi, Charles, additional, Musoke, Philippa, additional, Mugaba, Proscovia M, additional, Murungi, Joan, additional, Muweesi, Hawa Nabuuma, additional, Ninsiima, Evelyn, additional, Baryeija, Simon, additional, Juma, Frederic, additional, Kata, Caleb Bwengye, additional, Katushabe, Stuart, additional, Ouédraogo, Rasmata, additional, Yé, Diarra, additional, Somé, Eric, additional, Traoré, Hugues A, additional, Nadembega, Christelle, additional, Konaté, Justin, additional, Zongo, Arsène, additional, Ouédraogo, Abass, additional, Néboua, Désiré, additional, Bélemviré, Aissatou, additional, Bambara, Armel, additional, Boncoungou, Justine, additional, Zoungrana, Danielle, additional, Nikodem, Cheryl, additional, Hofmeyr, Justus, additional, Harper, Kim, additional, Sanders, David, additional, Aku, Amwe, additional, Okegbe-Eze, Collins, additional, Williams, Xoliswa, additional, Mshweshwe, Nolundi, additional, Henge, Vatiswa, additional, Gomba, Fikiswa, additional, Gundu, Tapiwa, additional, Khondowe, Oswell, additional, Lusaka, Mildred, additional, Chizyuka, Mary, additional, Phiri, Mary, additional, Imakando, Billies, additional, Musaku, Mwenechanya, additional, Kapasa, Monica, additional, Clement, Gondwe, additional, Mwaba, Hilton Mwila, additional, Matoba, Japhet, additional, Chola, Katai, additional, Mwamutanda, Patricia, additional, Engebretsen, Ingunn, additional, Klungsøyr, Jørn, additional, van den Broeck, Jan, additional, and Blume, Jörn, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Feasibility and acceptability of collecting dried blood spots (DBS) from children after vaccination during supplementary immunization activities to estimate measles and rubella seroprevalence.

Author

Carcelen AC, Prosperi C, Hamahuwa M, Kapungu K, Chongwe G, Mwansa FD, Ndubani P, Simulundu E, Bwalya IC, Matakala KH, Musukwa G, Mutale I, Betha E, Chaavwa N, Kampamba L, Matoba J, Munachoonga P, Mufwambi W, Situtu K, Thuma PE, Sakala C, Kayeye P, Truelove SA, Winter AK, Ferrari MJ, Moss WJ, and Mutembo S

Abstract

Nested serosurveys within routine service delivery platforms such as planned supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) provide an opportunity to collect information that can be used to answer valuable questions on the effectiveness and efficiency of the delivery model to inform future activities. However, integrating research data collection in SIAs is rarely done due to concerns it will negatively impact the program. We conducted a serosurvey nested within the November 2020 measles-rubella SIA integrated with the Child Health Week activities in Zambia to evaluate this approach. In-depth interviews with the study teams and vaccination campaign staff at the vaccination sites were conducted. Recorded interviews were transcribed, transcripts were coded and then grouped into themes based on a process evaluation framework. A multi-methods analytical approach was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of collecting dried blood spots from children during the SIA. This included a quantitative assessment of participant enrollment. The serosurvey successfully enrolled 90% of children from Child Health Week due to close coordination and teamwork between the vaccination teams and serosurvey team, in addition to substantial social mobilization efforts. Continually adjusting the sampling interval that was used to select eligible children allowed us to enroll throughout the SIA and capture a representative sample of children in attendance although it was challenging for the staff involved. As vaccination programs aim to tailor their approaches to reach the hardest-to-reach children, embedding research questions in SIAs will allow evaluation of the successes and challenges and compare alternative approaches. Lessons learned from this experience collecting data during an SIA can be applicable to future research activities embedded in SIAs or other delivery platforms., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Carcelen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Temporal genomic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum reveals increased prevalence of mutations associated with delayed clearance following treatment with artemisinin-lumefantrine in Choma District, Southern Province, Zambia.

Author

Fola AA, Kobayashi T, Shields T, Hamapumbu H, Musonda M, Katowa B, Matoba J, Stevenson JC, Norris DE, Thuma PE, Wesolowski A, Moss WJ, Juliano JJ, and Bailey JA

Abstract

The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance is an impediment to malaria control and elimination in Africa. Analysis of temporal trends in molecular markers of resistance is critical to inform policy makers and guide malaria treatment guidelines. In a low and seasonal transmission region of southern Zambia, we successfully genotyped 85.5% (389/455) of Plasmodium falciparum samples collected between 2013-2018 from 8 spatially clustered health centres using molecular inversion probes (MIPs) targeting key drug resistance genes. Aside from one sample carrying K13 R622 I , none of the isolates carried other World Health Organization-validated or candidate artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R) mutations in K13. However, 13% (CI, 9.6-17.2) of isolates had the AP2MU S160 N mutation, which has been associated with delayed clearance following artemisinin combination therapy in Africa. This mutation increased in prevalence between 2015-2018 and bears a genomic signature of selection. During this time period, there was an increase in the MDR1 N F D haplotype that is associated with reduced susceptibility to lumefantrine. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine polymorphisms were near fixation. While validated ART-R mutations are rare, a mutation associated with slow parasite clearance in Africa appears to be under selection in southern Zambia.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Diversity and selection analyses identify transmission-blocking antigens as the optimal vaccine candidates in Plasmodium falciparum .

Author

Ciubotariu II, Broyles BK, Xie S, Thimmapuram J, Mwenda MC, Mambwe B, Mulube C, Matoba J, Schue JL, Moss WJ, Bridges DJ, He Q, and Carpi G

Abstract

Background: A highly effective vaccine for malaria remains an elusive target, at least in part due to the under-appreciated natural parasite variation. This study aimed to investigate genetic and structural variation, and immune selection of leading malaria vaccine candidates across the Plasmodium falciparum 's life cycle., Methods: We analyzed 325 P. falciparum whole genome sequences from Zambia, in addition to 791 genomes from five other African countries available in the MalariaGEN Pf3k Rdatabase. Ten vaccine antigens spanning three life-history stages were examined for genetic and structural variations, using population genetics measures, haplotype network analysis, and 3D structure selection analysis., Findings: Among the ten antigens analyzed, only three in the transmission-blocking vaccine category display P . falciparum 3D7 as the dominant haplotype. The antigens AMA1, CSP, MSP1 19 and CelTOS, are much more diverse than the other antigens, and their epitope regions are under moderate to strong balancing selection. In contrast, Rh5 , a blood stage antigen, displays low diversity yet slightly stronger immune selection in the merozoite-blocking epitope region. Except for CelTOS , the transmission-blocking antigens Pfs25 , Pfs48/45 , Pfs230 , Pfs47 , and Pfs28 exhibit minimal diversity and no immune selection in epitopes that induce strain-transcending antibodies, suggesting potential effectiveness of 3D7-based vaccines in blocking transmission., Interpretations: These findings offer valuable insights into the selection of optimal vaccine candidates against P. falciparum . Based on our results, we recommend prioritizing conserved merozoite antigens and transmission-blocking antigens. Combining these antigens in multi-stage approaches may be particularly promising for malaria vaccine development initiatives., Funding: Purdue Department of Biological Sciences; Puskas Memorial Fellowship; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI089680)., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests All authors declare no competing interests.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Who is missed in a community-based survey: Assessment and implications of biases due to incomplete sampling frame in a community-based serosurvey, Choma and Ndola Districts, Zambia, 2022.

Author

Kostandova N, Mutembo S, Prosperi C, Mwansa FD, Nakazwe C, Namukoko H, Nachinga B, Chongwe G, Chilumba I, Matakala KH, Musukwa G, Hamahuwa M, Mufwambi W, Matoba J, Situtu K, Mutale I, Kong AC, Simulundu E, Ndubani P, Hasan AZ, Truelove SA, Winter AK, Carcelen AC, Lau B, Moss WJ, and Wesolowski A

Abstract

Community-based serological studies are increasingly relied upon to measure disease burden, identify population immunity gaps, and guide control and elimination strategies; however, there is little understanding of the potential for and impact of sampling biases on outcomes of interest. As part of efforts to quantify measles immunity gaps in Zambia, a community-based serological survey using stratified multi-stage cluster sampling approach was conducted in Ndola and Choma districts in May-June 2022, enrolling 1245 individuals. We carried out a follow-up study among individuals missed from the sampling frame of the serosurvey in July-August 2022, enrolling 672 individuals. We assessed the potential for and impact of biases in the community-based serosurvey by i) estimating differences in characteristics of households and individuals included and excluded (77% vs 23% of households) from the sampling frame of the serosurvey and ii) evaluating the magnitude these differences make on healthcare-seeking behavior, vaccination coverage, and measles seroprevalence. We found that missed households were 20% smaller and 25% less likely to have children. Missed individuals resided in less wealthy households, had different distributions of sex and occupation, and were more likely to seek care at health facilities. Despite these differences, simulating a survey in which missed households were included in the sampling frame resulted in less than a 5% estimated bias in these outcomes. Although community-based studies are upheld as the gold standard study design in assessing immunity gaps and underlying community health characteristics, these findings underscore the fact that sampling biases can impact the results of even well-conducted community-based surveys. Results from these studies should be interpreted in the context of the study methodology and challenges faced during implementation, which include shortcomings in establishing accurate and up-to-date sampling frames. Failure to account for these shortcomings may result in biased estimates and detrimental effects on decision-making., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Kostandova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. RETRACTED: Gradual emergence followed by exponential spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Africa.

Author

Fischer C, Maponga TG, Yadouleton A, Abílio N, Aboce E, Adewumi P, Afonso P, Akorli J, Andriamandimby SF, Anga L, Ashong Y, Beloufa MA, Bensalem A, Birtles R, Boumba ALM, Bwanga F, Chaponda M, Chibukira P, Chico RM, Chileshe J, Chongwe G, Cissé A, D'Alessandro U, de Lamballerie XN, de Morais JFM, Derrar F, Dia N, Diarra Y, Doumbia L, Drosten C, Dussart P, Echodu R, Eggers Y, Eloualid A, Faye O, Feldt T, Frühauf A, Halatoko A, Ilouga PV, Ismael N, Jambou R, Jarju S, Kamprad A, Katowa B, Kayiwa J, King'wara L, Koita O, Lacoste V, Lagare A, Landt O, Lekana-Douki SE, Lekana-Douki JB, Iipumbu E, Loemba H, Lutwama J, Mamadou S, Maman I, Manyisa B, Martinez PA, Matoba J, Mhuulu L, Moreira-Soto A, Mwangi J, N Dilimabaka N, Nassuna CA, Ndiath MO, Nepolo E, Njouom R, Nourlil J, Nyanjom SG, Odari EO, Okeng A, Ouoba JB, Owusu M, Owusu Donkor I, Phadu KK, Phillips RO, Preiser W, Ruhanya V, Salah F, Salifou S, Sall AA, Sylverken AA, Tagnouokam-Ngoupo PA, Tarnagda Z, Tchikaya FO, Tufa TB, and Drexler JF

Abstract

The geographic and evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1), which was first detected mid-November 2021 in Southern Africa, remain unknown. We tested 13,097 COVID-19 patients sampled between mid-2021 to early 2022 from 22 African countries for BA.1 by real-time RT-PCR. By November-December 2021, BA.1 had replaced the Delta variant in all African sub-regions following a South-North gradient, with a peak Rt of 4.1. Polymerase chain reaction and near-full genome sequencing data revealed genetically diverse Omicron ancestors already existed across Africa by August 2021. Mutations, altering viral tropism, replication and immune escape, gradually accumulated in the spike gene. Omicron ancestors were therefore present in several African countries months before Omicron dominated transmission. These data also indicate that travel bans are ineffective in the face of undetected and widespread infection.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Sustained Malaria Transmission despite Reactive Screen-and-Treat in a Low-Transmission Area of Southern Zambia.

Author

Searle KM, Katowa B, Musonda M, Pringle JC, Hamapumbu H, Matoba J, Lubinda M, Shields T, Kobayashi T, Stevenson JC, Norris DE, Thuma PE, Wesolowski A, and Moss WJ

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Anopheles parasitology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Characteristics, Female, Genotype, Humans, Malaria, Falciparum drug therapy, Malaria, Falciparum epidemiology, Male, Mass Screening statistics & numerical data, Parasitemia, Prevalence, Young Adult, Zambia epidemiology, Antimalarials therapeutic use, Malaria, Falciparum diagnosis, Malaria, Falciparum transmission, Mass Screening standards, Plasmodium falciparum genetics
Abstract

Malaria elimination strategies are designed to more effectively identify and treat infected individuals to interrupt transmission. One strategy, reactive screen-and-treat, starts with passive detection of symptomatic cases at health facilities. Individuals residing within the index case and neighboring households are screened with a malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and treated if positive. However, it is unclear to what extent this strategy is effective in reducing transmission. Reactive screen-and-treat was implemented in Choma district, Southern Province, Zambia, in 2013, in which residents of the index case and neighboring households within 140 m were screened with an RDT. From March 2016 to July 2018, the screening radius was extended to 250-m, and additional follow-up visits at 30 and 90 days were added to evaluate the strategy. Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence was measured using an RDT and by quantitative PCR (qPCR). A 24-single nucleotide polymorphism molecular bar-code assay was used to genotype parasites. Eighty-four index case households with 676 residents were enrolled between March 2016 and March 2018. Within each season, parasite prevalence declined significantly in index households at the 30-day visit and remained low at the 90-day visit. However, parasite prevalence was not reduced to zero. Infections identified by qPCR persisted between study visits and were not identified by RDT. Parasites identified within the same household were most genetically related; however, overall parasite relatedness was low and similar across time and space. Thus, despite implementation of a reactive screen-and-treat program, parasitemia was not eliminated, and persisted in targeted households for at least 3 months.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results