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The Genomics Education Partnership (GEP) engages students in a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE). To better understand the student attributes that support success in this CURE, we asked students about their attitudes using previously published scales that measure epistemic beliefs about work and science, interest in science, and grit. We found, in general, that the attitudes students bring with them into the classroom contribute to two outcome measures, namely, learning as assessed by a pre- and postquiz and perceived self-reported benefits. While the GEP CURE produces positive outcomes overall, the students with more positive attitudes toward science, particularly with respect to epistemic beliefs, showed greater gains. The findings indicate the importance of a student's epistemic beliefs to achieving positive learning outcomes.

The flipped classroom is an increasingly popular active learning approach in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics courses. This study investigated the implementation and student outcomes of early adopters of the flipped classroom approach. We used the Diffusion of Innovations framework to compare the implementation and outcomes in traditional and flipped courses of five early adopters of the flipped classroom approach. Data included classroom observations, student grades, and student evaluations of teaching. Results indicated that students in flipped courses spent less class time listening to lectures and more time engaged in active learning during class than did students in traditional courses. However, these changes in instruction did not result in significantly improved student performance or student evaluations of teaching. These results demonstrate the positive outcomes frequently observed in previous studies may take more time to replicate in early adopters' courses. This work reinforces the need to continue studying the implementation and outcomes of educational innovations throughout their adoption.

Sigma virus (DMelSV) is ubiquitous in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Host-mediated, selective RNA editing of adenosines to inosines (ADAR) may contribute to control of viral infection by preventing transcripts from being transported into the cytoplasm or being translated accurately; or by increasing the viral genomic mutation rate. Previous PCR-based studies showed that ADAR mutations occur in DMelSV at low frequency. Here we use SOLiD™ deep sequencing of flies from a single host population from Athens, GA, USA to comprehensively evaluate patterns of sequence variation in DMelSV with respect to ADAR. GA dinucleotides, which are weak targets of ADAR, are strongly overrepresented in the positive strand of the virus, consistent with selection to generate ADAR resistance on this complement of the transient, double-stranded RNA intermediate in replication and transcription. Potential ADAR sites in a worldwide sample of viruses are more likely to be "resistant" if the sites do not vary among samples. Either variable sites are less constrained and hence are subject to weaker selection than conserved sites, or the variation is driven by ADAR. We also find evidence of mutations segregating within hosts, hereafter referred to as hypervariable sites. Some of these sites were variable only in one or two flies (i.e., rare); others were shared by four or even all five of the flies (i.e., common). Rare and common hypervariable sites were indistinguishable with respect to susceptibility to ADAR; however, polymorphism in rare sites were more likely to be consistent with the action of ADAR than in common ones, again suggesting that ADAR is deleterious to the virus. Thus, in DMelSV, host mutagenesis is constraining viral evolution both within and between hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We make the DEM of the original relief from the nickeliferus ore body Punta Gorda, transformed by 20 years of mining. We use three main sources of elevation information, the elevation of the collar hole for exploration 33, 33 m spaced, it is precise but not dense; the collar of the exploitation drill hole 16, 66 m spaced, it is dense but less accurate; and finally the topographic map at 1:5 000 digitized with semiautomatic vectorization on rectified images with polynomials of 2do y 3do degree, these one is less accurate but representative of the spatial variability of the landscape. We compare the different information sources taking as reference the topographic map, depending of such differences was schedule a topographic control in field. They were compared the controls points with the sources of information and few combinations, previously transformed in 2m spaced grids, we use for estimation the Lineal Interpolation with Delaunay triangulation, Ordinary Kriging (KO) and Kriging with External Drift (KDE). We use to the Jackknife technique, taking as destiny the controls points. The bests results was reached with KDE, taking as variable collar elevation of drill hole from exploration phase and as drift the 1: 5 000 topographic map, we added the collar of exploitation drill holes for increase la information density. Before estimation we eliminated the not robust data, and then were obtained an MDT with the precision of the collar of exploration drill hole and the spatial behavior of collar of exploitation drill hole and 1: 5 000 topographic map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]