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The aim of this study was to examine the antiangiogenic properties and antioxidant activities (a) of the main anthocyanidins (delphinidin, cyanidin and malvidin) found as constituents in Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) anthocyanosides (VMA) and (b) of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Each of these anthocyanidins concentration-dependently inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation in a co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblasts, the effect of each anthocyanidin being significant at 3 and/or 10 µ m, while NAC significantly inhibited such tube formation at 1 m m (the only concentration tested). Moreover, each anthocyanidin (0.3-10 µ m) and NAC (1-1000 µ m) concentration-dependently scavenged the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The inhibitory effects against angiogenesis were similar among the anthocyanidins, as were those against the DPPH radical. Moreover, their radical-scavenging effects were induced by concentrations that were at or below those that induced their antiangiogenic effects. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of VMA on angiogenesis may depend on those of its main constituent anthocyanidins (delphinidin, cyanidin and malvidin), presumably via antioxidant effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to clarify the pathological features of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) that is undetectable on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)., Material and Methods: This single-center and retrospective study enrolled 33 men with prostate cancer (PC), encompassing 109 PC lesions, who underwent mpMRI before radical prostatectomy. Two radiologists independently assessed the mpMR images of all lesions and compared them with the pathological findings of PC. All PC lesions were marked on resected specimens using prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1 and classified into magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detectable and MRI-undetectable PC lesions. Each lesion was classified into csPC and clinically insignificant PC. Pathological characteristics were compared between MRI-detectable and MRI-undetectable csPC. Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors associated with MRI detectability. A logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with MRI-detectable and MRI-undetectable csPC., Results: Among 109 PC lesions, MRI-detectable and MRI-undetectable PCs accounted for 31% (34/109) and 69% (75/109) of lesions, respectively. All MRI-detectable PCs were csPC. MRI-undetectable PCs included 30 cases of csPC (40%). The detectability of csPC on mpMRI was 53% (34/64). The MRI-undetectable csPC group had a shorter major diameter (10.6 ± 6.6 mm vs. 19.0 ± 6.9 mm, P < 0.001), shorter minor diameter (5.7 ± 2.9 mm vs. 10.7 ± 3.4 mm, P < 0.001), and lower percentage of lesions with Gleason pattern 5 (17% vs. 71%, P < 0.001). Shorter minor diameter (odds ratio [OR], 2.62; P = 0.04) and lower percentage of Gleason pattern 5 (OR, 24; P = 0.01) were independent predictors of MRI-undetectable csPC., Conclusion: The pathological features of MRI-undetectable csPC included shorter minor diameter and lower percentage of Gleason pattern 5. csPC with shorter minor diameter may not be detected on mpMRI. Some MRI-undetectable csPC lesions exhibited sufficient size and Gleason pattern 5, emphasizing the need for further understanding of pathological factors contributing to MRI detectability., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Journal of Clinical Imaging Science.)