38 results on '"Matsushima, G. K."'
Search Results
2. Episodic demyelination and subsequent remyelination within the murine central nervous system: changes in axonal calibre
- Author
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Mason, J. L., Langaman, C., Morell, P., Suzuki, K., and Matsushima, G. K.
- Published
- 2001
3. Parameters related to lipid metabolism as markers of myelination in mouse brain
- Author
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Muse, Evan D., Jurevics, Helga, Toews, Arrel D., Matsushima, G. K., and Morell, Pierre
- Published
- 2001
4. THE ACCUMULATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF OLIGODENDROCYTE PROGENITORS FOLLOWING MATURE OLIGODENDROCYTE APOPTOSIS
- Author
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Mason, J. L., Morell, P., Suzuki, K., and Matsushima, G. K.
- Published
- 1999
5. GENE EXPRESSION IN BRAIN DURING CUPRIZONE-INDUCED DEMYELINATION AND REMYELINATION
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Morell, P, Barrett, C V, Toews, A D, Knapp, G W, and Matsushima, G K
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- 1998
6. The receptor tyrosine kinase MerTK regulates dendritic cell production of BAFF
- Author
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Gohlke, P. R., primary, Williams, J. C., additional, Vilen, B. J., additional, Dillon, S. R., additional, Tisch, R., additional, and Matsushima, G. K., additional
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- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Inhibits Mature Oligodendrocyte Apoptosis during Primary Demyelination
- Author
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Mason, J. L., primary, Ye, P., additional, Suzuki, K., additional, D'Ercole, A. J., additional, and Matsushima, G. K., additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Activation of the HLA-DRA gene in primary human T lymphocytes: novel usage of TATA and the X and Y promoter elements.
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Matsushima, G K, primary, Itoh-Lindstrom, Y, additional, and Ting, J P, additional
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- 1993
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9. Activation of the HLA-DRA gene in primary human T lymphocytes: novel usage of TATA and the X and Y promoter elements.
- Author
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Matsushima, G K, primary, Itoh-Lindstrom, Y, additional, and Ting, J P, additional
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- 1992
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10. Distinct subsets of accessory cells activate Thy-1+ triple negative (CD3-, CD4-, CD8-) cells and Th-1 delayed-type hypersensitivity effector T cells.
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Matsushima, G K, primary and Stohlman, S A, additional
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- 1991
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11. Roles of Glia in Developmental Neurotoxicity: Session VI Summary and Research Needs
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Tiffany-Castiglioni, E., Guerri, C., Aschner, M., Matsushima, G. K., O`Callaghan, J. P., and Streit, W. J.
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- 2001
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12. Microglial/macrophage accumulation during cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6 mice
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Hiremath, M. M., Saito, Y., Knapp, G. W., Ting, J.-Y., Suzuki, K., and Matsushima, G. K.
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- 1998
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13. In vivo RNA-RNA recombination of coronavirus in mouse brain
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Keck, J G, Matsushima, G K, Makino, S, Fleming, J O, Vannier, D M, Stohlman, S A, and Lai, M M
- Abstract
RNA-RNA recombination between different strains of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) occurs at a very high frequency in tissue culture. To demonstrate that RNA recombination may play a role in the evolution and pathogenesis of coronaviruses, we sought to determine whether MHV recombination could occur during replication in the animal host of the virus. By using two selectable markers, i.e., temperature sensitivity and monoclonal antibody neutralization, we isolated several recombinant viruses from the brains of mice infected with two different strains of MHV. The recombination frequency was very high, and recombination occurred at multiple sites on the viral RNA genome. This finding suggests that RNA-RNA recombination may play a significant role in natural evolution and neuropathogenesis of coronaviruses.
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- 1988
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14. In vivo effects of coronavirus-specific T cell clones: DTH inducer cells prevent a lethal infection but do not inhibit virus replication.
- Author
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Stohlman, S A, primary, Matsushima, G K, additional, Casteel, N, additional, and Weiner, L P, additional
- Published
- 1986
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15. Expression of immune-related molecules is downregulated in twitcher mice following bone marrow transplantation.
- Author
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Wu YP, McMahon EJ, Matsuda J, Suzuki K, Matsushima GK, and Suzuki K
- Subjects
- Animals, Astrocytes chemistry, Astrocytes pathology, CD3 Complex analysis, CD8 Antigens analysis, Chemokine CCL2 analysis, Chemokine CCL2 metabolism, Chemokine CCL3, Chemokine CCL4, Cytokines analysis, Down-Regulation immunology, Immunohistochemistry, Interleukin-10 analysis, Interleukin-10 metabolism, Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell pathology, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins analysis, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Neurologic Mutants, Mice, Transgenic, Microglia chemistry, Microglia pathology, Microscopy, Electron, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated immunology, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ultrastructure, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha analysis, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Bone Marrow Transplantation immunology, Cytokines metabolism, Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell immunology, Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell therapy
- Abstract
Twitcher (twi/twi) is a murine model of a human genetic demyelinating disease, globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease). The affected mice usually die before reaching age 45 days, having demyelination associated with extensive glial activation. The twi/twi mice that receive wild-type bone marrow transplantation (BMT) survive up to 3 times longer with improved pathology. We hypothesize that immune-related molecules such as cytokines and chemokines are partly responsible for the demyelination in twi/twi, and that the decrease in the expression of such molecules following BMT contributes to clinico-pathological improvement. Cells expressing TNF-alpha, MCP-1, and MIP-1beta were conspicuous in the twi/twi CNS accompanied by infiltration of Ia+ and CD8+/CD3- hematogenous cells. These cells decreased gradually after BMT TNF-alpha mRNA and mRNA of C-C chemokine families, including MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES, were upregulated in the twi/twi CNS but downregulated gradually following BMT. In twi/twi that survived to 20 wk of age, cells expressing TNF-alpha, MCP-1, MIP-1beta, Ia, or CD8 were hardly detected and pathology was clearly improved. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that cytokine expression in glial cells contributes (to some extent) to the pathogenesis of demyelinating lesions in the twi/twi mice.
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- 2001
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16. TNF alpha promotes proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and remyelination.
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Arnett HA, Mason J, Marino M, Suzuki K, Matsushima GK, and Ting JP
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, CD genetics, Apoptosis, B-Lymphocytes metabolism, Brain Chemistry, Corpus Callosum metabolism, Corpus Callosum ultrastructure, Cuprizone administration & dosage, Cuprizone toxicity, Demyelinating Diseases chemically induced, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Macrophages metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Microglia metabolism, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors pharmacology, Myelin Sheath pathology, Myelin Sheath ultrastructure, Oligodendroglia cytology, Oligodendroglia drug effects, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor genetics, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II, Stem Cells ultrastructure, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Up-Regulation, Antigens, CD metabolism, Myelin Sheath metabolism, Oligodendroglia physiology, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor metabolism, Stem Cells physiology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism
- Abstract
Here we used mice lacking tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and its associated receptors to study a model of demyelination and remyelination in which these events could be carefully controlled using a toxin, cuprizone. Unexpectedly, the lack of TNF alpha led to a significant delay in remyelination as assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry for myelin proteins and electron microscopy coupled with morphometric analysis. Failure of repair correlated with a reduction in the pool of proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitors (bromodeoxyuridine-labeled NG2(+) cells) followed by a reduction in the number of mature oligodendrocytes. Analysis of mice lacking TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) or TNFR2 indicated that TNFR2, not TNFR1, is critical to oligodendrocyte regeneration. This unexpected reparative role for TNF alpha in the CNS is important for understanding oligodendrocyte regeneration/proliferation, nerve remyelination and the design of new therapeutics for demyelinating diseases.
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- 2001
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17. Interleukin-1beta promotes repair of the CNS.
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Mason JL, Suzuki K, Chaplin DD, and Matsushima GK
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- Animals, Antigens, Differentiation biosynthesis, Astrocytes metabolism, Astrocytes pathology, Cell Count, Central Nervous System drug effects, Central Nervous System pathology, Chelating Agents, Corpus Callosum drug effects, Corpus Callosum metabolism, Corpus Callosum pathology, Cuprizone, Demyelinating Diseases chemically induced, Demyelinating Diseases pathology, Disease Progression, Glutathione S-Transferase pi, Glutathione Transferase biosynthesis, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I biosynthesis, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I genetics, Interleukin-1 genetics, Interleukin-1 pharmacology, Isoenzymes biosynthesis, Macrophages metabolism, Macrophages pathology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Microglia metabolism, Microglia pathology, Myelin Sheath metabolism, Oligodendroglia drug effects, Oligodendroglia metabolism, Oligodendroglia pathology, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Regeneration drug effects, Stem Cells cytology, Stem Cells metabolism, Up-Regulation drug effects, Central Nervous System metabolism, Demyelinating Diseases physiopathology, Interleukin-1 metabolism, Regeneration physiology
- Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with the pathophysiology of demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and viral infections of the CNS. However, we demonstrate here that IL-1beta appears to promote remyelination in the adult CNS. In IL-1beta(-/-) mice, acute demyelination progressed similarly to wild-type mice and showed parallel mature oligodendrocyte depletion, microglia-macrophage accumulation, and the appearance of oligodendrocyte precursors. In contrast, IL-1beta(-/-) mice failed to remyelinate properly, and this appeared to correlate with a lack of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production by microglia-macrophages and astrocytes and to a profound delay of precursors to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes. Thus, IL-1beta may be crucial to the repair of the CNS, presumably through the induction of astrocyte and microglia-macrophage-derived IGF-1.
- Published
- 2001
18. Absence of macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha delays central nervous system demyelination in the presence of an intact blood-brain barrier.
- Author
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McMahon EJ, Cook DN, Suzuki K, and Matsushima GK
- Subjects
- Animals, Astrocytes pathology, Blood-Brain Barrier physiology, Chemokine CCL3, Chemokine CCL4, Chemokine CCL5 genetics, Chemokines genetics, Cuprizone toxicity, Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS immunology, Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS pathology, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins genetics, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins physiology, Macrophages pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Microglia pathology, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Receptors, Chemokine genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis, Up-Regulation drug effects, Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS etiology, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins deficiency
- Abstract
Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines that modulate leukocyte recruitment and activation during inflammation. Here, we describe the role of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) during cuprizone intoxication, a model where demyelination of the CNS features a large accumulation of microglia/macrophage without T cell involvement or blood-brain barrier disruption. RNase protection assays showed that mRNA for numerous chemokines were up-regulated during cuprizone treatment in wild-type, C57BL/6 mice. RANTES, inflammatory protein-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 showed greatest expression with initiation of insult at 1-2 wk of treatment, whereas MIP-1alpha and beta increased later at 4-5 wk, coincident with peak demyelination and cellular accumulation. The function of MIP-1alpha during demyelination was tested in vivo by exposing MIP-1alpha knockout mice (MIP-1alpha(-/-)) to cuprizone and comparing pathology to wild-type mice. Demyelination at 3.5 wk of treatment was significantly decreased in MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice ( approximately 36% reduction), a result confirmed by morphology at the electron microscopic level. The delay in demyelination was correlated to apparent decreases in microglia/macrophage and astrocyte accumulation and in TNF-alpha protein levels. It was possible that larger effects of the MIP-1alpha deficiency were being masked by other redundant chemokines. Indeed, RNase protection assays revealed increased expression of several chemokine transcripts in both untreated and cuprizone-treated MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice. Nonetheless, despite this possible compensation, our studies show the importance of MIP-1alpha in demyelination in the CNS and highlight its effect, particularly on cellular recruitment and cytokine regulation.
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- 2001
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19. Phagocytosis and clearance of apoptotic cells is mediated by MER.
- Author
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Scott RS, McMahon EJ, Pop SM, Reap EA, Caricchio R, Cohen PL, Earp HS, and Matsushima GK
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- Animals, Antibodies, Antinuclear immunology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Adhesion, Cells, Cultured, Crosses, Genetic, Cytochalasin B pharmacology, Dexamethasone pharmacology, Female, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Listeria monocytogenes immunology, Macrophages, Peritoneal cytology, Macrophages, Peritoneal metabolism, Macrophages, Peritoneal ultrastructure, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Mutant Strains, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microspheres, Mutation genetics, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins genetics, Radiation Chimera immunology, Receptors, Fc immunology, Thymus Gland drug effects, Thymus Gland immunology, Thymus Gland ultrastructure, c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase, Apoptosis drug effects, Macrophages, Peritoneal immunology, Phagocytosis, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Thymus Gland cytology
- Abstract
Apoptosis is fundamental to the development and maintenance of animal tissues and the immune system. Rapid clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages is important to inhibit inflammation and autoimmune responses against intracellular antigens. Here we report a new function for Mer, a member of the Axl/Mer/Tyro3 receptor tyrosine kinase family. mer(kd) mice with a cytoplasmic truncation of Mer had macrophages deficient in the clearance of apoptotic thymocytes. This was corrected in chimaeric mice reconstituted with bone marrow from wild-type animals. Primary macrophages isolated from mer(kd) mice showed that the phagocytic deficiency was restricted to apoptotic cells and was independent of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis or ingestion of other particles. The inability to clear apoptotic cells adequately may be linked to an increased number of nuclear autoantibodies in mer(kd) mice. Thus, the Mer receptor tyrosine kinase seems to be critical for the engulfment and efficient clearance of apoptotic cells. This has implications for inflammation and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
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- 2001
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20. Cerebroside synthesis as a measure of the rate of remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination in brain.
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Jurevics H, Hostettler J, Muse ED, Sammond DW, Matsushima GK, Toews AD, and Morell P
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- Animals, Biomarkers, Brain metabolism, Brain physiology, Brain Stem drug effects, Brain Stem metabolism, Cerebellum drug effects, Cerebellum metabolism, Cholesterol biosynthesis, Galactosyltransferases genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic drug effects, Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases genetics, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myelin Sheath physiology, N-Acylsphingosine Galactosyltransferase, Time Factors, Transcription, Genetic drug effects, Brain drug effects, Cerebrosides biosynthesis, Cuprizone pharmacology, Myelin Basic Protein metabolism, Myelin Sheath drug effects
- Abstract
We studied markers of myelin content and of the rate of myelination in brains of mice between 8 and 20 weeks of age. During the 12-week time-course, control animals showed slight increases in the content of oligodendroglial-specific cerebroside, as well as cholesterol (enriched in, but not specific to, myelin). In contrast, synthesis of these lipids, as assayed by in vivo incorporation of (3)H(2)O, was substantial, indicating turnover of 0.4% and 0.7% of total brain cerebroside and cholesterol, respectively, each day. We also studied mice exposed to a diet containing 0.2% of the copper chelator, cuprizone. After 6 weeks 20%, and by 12 weeks, over 30% of brain cerebroside was gone. Demyelination was accompanied by down-regulation of mRNA expression for enzymes controlling myelin lipid synthesis (ceramide galactosyl transferase for cerebroside; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase for cholesterol), and for myelin basic protein. Synthesis of myelin lipids was also greatly depressed. The 20% cerebroside deficit consequent to 6 weeks of cuprizone exposure was restored 6 weeks after return to a control diet. During remyelination, expression of myelin-related mRNA species, as well as cerebroside and cholesterol synthesis were restored to normal. However, in contrast to the steady state metabolic turnover in the control situation, all the cerebroside and cholesterol made were accumulated. To the extent that accumulating cerebroside is targeted for eventual inclusion in myelin (discussed) the rate of its synthesis is proportional to remyelination. With our assay, in vivo rates of cerebroside synthesis can be determined for a time window of the order of hours. This offers greater temporal resolution and accuracy relative to classical methods assaying accumulation of myelin components at time intervals of several days. We propose this experimental design, and the reproducible cuprizone model, as appropriate for studies of how to promote remyelination.
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- 2001
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21. The neurotoxicant, cuprizone, as a model to study demyelination and remyelination in the central nervous system.
- Author
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Matsushima GK and Morell P
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microglia, Myelin Sheath, Central Nervous System drug effects, Chelating Agents pharmacology, Cuprizone pharmacology, Demyelinating Diseases physiopathology, Models, Animal, Oligodendroglia physiology
- Abstract
Myelin of the adult CNS is vulnerable to a variety of metabolic, toxic, and autoimmune insults. That remyelination can ensue, following demyelinating insult, has been well demonstrated. Details of the process of remyelination are, however difficult to ascertain since in most experimental models of demyelination/remyelination the severity, localization of lesion site, or time course of the pathophysiology is variable from animal to animal. In contrast, an experimental model in which massive demyelination can be reproducibly induced in large areas of mouse brain is exposure to the copper chelator, cuprizone, in the diet. We review work from several laboratories over the past 3 decades, with emphasis on our own recent studies, which suggest an overall picture of cellular events involved in demyelination/remyelination. When 8 week old C57BL/6 mice are fed 0.2% cuprizone in the diet, mature olidgodendroglia are specifically insulted (cannot fulfill the metabolic demand of support of vast amounts of myelin) and go through apoptosis. This is closely followed by recruitment of microglia and phagoctytosis of myelin. Studies of myelin gene expression, coordinated with morphological studies, indicate that even in the face of continued metabolic challenge, oligodendroglial progenitor cells proliferate and invade demyelinated areas. If the cuprizone challenge is terminated, an almost complete remyelination takes place in a matter of weeks. Communication between different cell types by soluble factors may be inferred. This material is presented in the context of a model compatible with present data -- and which can be tested more rigorously with the cuprizone model. The reproducibility of the model indicates that it may allow for testing of manipulations (e.g. available knockouts or transgenics on the common genetic background, or pharmacological treatments) which may accelerate or repress the process of demyelination and or remyelination.
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- 2001
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22. T-lymphocyte production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha is critical to the recruitment of CD8(+) T cells to the liver, lung, and spleen during graft-versus-host disease.
- Author
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Serody JS, Burkett SE, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Ng-Cashin J, McMahon E, Matsushima GK, Lira SA, Cook DN, and Blazar BR
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- Animals, Cell Line, Chemokine CCL3, Chemokine CCL4, Crosses, Genetic, Disease Models, Animal, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Luminescent Proteins genetics, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins deficiency, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins physiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred Strains, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Transgenic, Transcription, Genetic, Transplantation, Homologous, Transplantation, Isogeneic, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Chemokines genetics, Graft vs Host Disease immunology, Liver immunology, Lung immunology, Lymphocyte Transfusion, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins genetics, Spleen immunology, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Abstract
To investigate the mechanism by which macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) affects graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the expression and function of MIP-1alpha in 2 murine models of GVHD were evaluated. In irradiated class I and class II disparate recipients, the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein for MIP-1alpha was significantly increased in GVHD target organs after transfer of allogeneic lymphocytes compared to syngeneic lymphocytes. When lymphocytes unable to make MIP-1alpha were transferred, there was a decrease in the production of MIP-1alpha in the liver, lung, and spleen of bm1 (B6.C-H2(bm1)/By) and bm12 (B6.C-H2(bm12)/KhEg) recipients compared to the transfer of wild-type splenocytes. At day 6 there was a 4-fold decrease in the number of transferred CD8(+) T cells in the lung and approximately a 2-fold decrease in the number of CD8(+) T cells in the liver and spleen in bm1 recipients after transfer of MIP-1alpha-deficient (MIP-1alpha(-/-)) splenocytes compared to wild-type (MIP-1alpha(+/+)) splenocytes. These differences persisted for 13 days after splenocyte transfer. In contrast, the number of donor CD4(+) T cells found in the liver and lung was significantly increased after the transfer of MIP-1alpha(-/-) compared to wild-type splenocytes in bm12 recipients from day 6 through day 10. Thus, the transfer of allogeneic T cells was associated with the enhanced expression of MIP-1alpha in both a class I and class II mismatch setting. However, the increased expression only led to enhanced recruitment of CD8(+), but not CD4(+), donor T cells. Production of MIP-1alpha by donor T cells is important in the occurrence of GVHD and functions in a tissue-dependent fashion.
- Published
- 2000
23. Interferon-gamma protects against cuprizone-induced demyelination.
- Author
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Gao X, Gillig TA, Ye P, D'Ercole AJ, Matsushima GK, and Popko B
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- Animals, Astrocytes pathology, Chelating Agents, Corpus Callosum pathology, Cuprizone, Demyelinating Diseases chemically induced, Demyelinating Diseases genetics, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Expression immunology, Gliosis chemically induced, Gliosis genetics, Gliosis immunology, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I genetics, Interferon-gamma genetics, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Microglia pathology, Myelin Proteins genetics, Myelin Proteins immunology, Corpus Callosum immunology, Demyelinating Diseases immunology, Interferon-gamma immunology
- Abstract
Evidence suggests that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated T lymphocytes, contributes a deleterious effect to immune-mediated demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Nevertheless, mouse strains that are normally resistant to EAE induction become susceptible when the gene encoding either IFN-gamma or its receptor is mutated, demonstrating that the role that this cytokine plays in demyelinating disorders is complex. We have examined the effect of IFN-gamma in a chemically induced model of CNS demyelination. Mice that receive through their diet the copper chelator cuprizone display extensive demyelination of the corpus callosum. Remarkably, transgenic mice that ectopically express low levels of IFN-gamma in the CNS did not display evidence of demyelination when treated with cuprizone, nor did they shows signs of oligodendroglial death, astrogliosis, or microgliosis, which are typically seen in treated animals. Myelin protein gene expression was, however, dramatically reduced in both the treated control and the transgenic animals, indicating that demyelination is not an obligatory consequence of a large diminution of myelin protein synthesis. Interestingly, the CNS of the IFN-gamma-expressing mice contained elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor I, which has been demonstrated to have a protective effect against the demyelinating action of cuprizone.
- Published
- 2000
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24. Mature oligodendrocyte apoptosis precedes IGF-1 production and oligodendrocyte progenitor accumulation and differentiation during demyelination/remyelination.
- Author
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Mason JL, Jones JJ, Taniike M, Morell P, Suzuki K, and Matsushima GK
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- Animals, Cell Count, Cell Differentiation, Corpus Callosum metabolism, Corpus Callosum pathology, Cuprizone, Demyelinating Diseases chemically induced, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Oligodendroglia metabolism, Apoptosis, Demyelinating Diseases pathology, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I biosynthesis, Myelin Sheath pathology, Oligodendroglia pathology, Stem Cells pathology
- Abstract
We have documented changes in the oligodendrocyte population during demyelinating insult to the adult CNS. Feeding of cuprizone to adult mice led to apoptotic death of mature oligodendrocytes followed by profound demyelination of the corpus callosum. A regenerative response was initiated even during active demyelination. Oligodendrocyte progenitors have begun to proliferate and then accumulate within the lesion. Many of these cells may have migrated from the sub-ventricular zone and fornix before their accumulation in the demyelinating corpus callosum. The accumulation of differentiating oligodendrocyte progenitors was followed closely by the reappearance of mature oligodendrocytes and remyelination. Interestingly, an increase in IGF-1 mRNA was detected at Week 3 through Week 7, suggesting potential involvement in remyelination. Other factors, however, such as PDGF, NT3, FGF, jagged, and notch remained unchanged. These results suggest that the mature oligodendroglial population depleted by apoptosis is replaced by a newly formed oligodendroglial population derived from progenitors; these accumulate and seem to differentiate during remyelination., (Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2000
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25. Distribution and characterization of GFP(+) donor hematogenous cells in Twitcher mice after bone marrow transplantation.
- Author
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Wu YP, McMahon E, Kraine MR, Tisch R, Meyers A, Frelinger J, Matsushima GK, and Suzuki K
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Cells metabolism, Central Nervous System metabolism, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Luminescent Proteins blood, Luminescent Proteins genetics, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Neurologic Mutants, Mice, Transgenic, Peripheral Nerves metabolism, Reference Values, Tissue Distribution, Viscera metabolism, Blood Cells transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Indicators and Reagents, Luminescent Proteins metabolism, Postoperative Care, Tissue Donors
- Abstract
The twitcher mouse is a murine model of globoid cell leukodystropy, a genetic demyelinating disease caused by a mutation of the galactosylceramidase gene. Demyelination of the central nervous system commences around 20 postnatal days. Using GFP-transgenic mice as donors, the distribution of hematogenous cells after bone marrow transplantation was investigated in the twitcher mice. Bone marrow transplantation was carried out at 8 postnatal days. In twitcher chimeric mice examined before 30 postnatal days, numerous GFP(+) cells were detected in spleen and peripheral nerve but only a few were detected in the liver, lung, and spinal white matter. In contrast, at 35 to 40 postnatal days when demyelination is evident, many GFP(+) cells with ameboid form were detected in the white matter of the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebrum. Approximately half of these GFP(+) cells were co-labeled with Mac-1. In twitcher chimeric mice examined after 100 postnatal days, the majority of GFP/Mac-1 double-positive cells displayed the morphological features of ramified microglia with fine delicate processes and was distributed diffusely in both gray and white matter. These results suggest that a significant number of donor hematogenous cells are able to infiltrate into the brain parenchyma, repositioning themselves into areas previously occupied by microglia, and to ameliorate lethality.
- Published
- 2000
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26. Tyro-3 family receptors are essential regulators of mammalian spermatogenesis.
- Author
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Lu Q, Gore M, Zhang Q, Camenisch T, Boast S, Casagranda F, Lai C, Skinner MK, Klein R, Matsushima GK, Earp HS, Goff SP, and Lemke G
- Subjects
- Animals, Gene Expression, Leydig Cells physiology, Ligands, Male, Mice, Mice, Mutant Strains, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules genetics, Oncogene Proteins genetics, Phenotype, Protein S, Proteins, Spermatogenesis genetics, c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase, Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases genetics, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases physiology, Sertoli Cells physiology, Spermatogenesis physiology
- Abstract
We have generated and analysed null mutations in the mouse genes encoding three structurally related receptors with tyrosine kinase activity: Tyro 3, Axl, and Mer. Mice lacking any single receptor, or any combination of two receptors, are viable and fertile, but male animals that lack all three receptors produce no mature sperm, owing to the progressive death of differentiating germ cells. This degenerative phenotype appears to result from a failure of the tropic support that is normally provided by Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules, whose function depends on testosterone and additional factors produced by Leydig cells. Tyro 3, Axl and Mer are all normally expressed by Sertoli cells during postnatal development, whereas their ligands, Gas6 and protein S, are produced by Leydig cells before sexual maturity, and by both Leydig and Sertoli cells thereafter. Here we show that the concerted activation of Tyro 3, Axl and Mer in Sertoli cells is critical to the role that these cells play as nurturers of developing germ cells. Additional observations indicate that these receptors may also be essential for the tropic maintenance of diverse cell types in the mature nervous, immune and reproductive systems.
- Published
- 1999
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27. Microglial reactions after subcutaneous formalin injection into the rat hind paw.
- Author
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Fu KY, Light AR, Matsushima GK, and Maixner W
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal pharmacology, Brain Stem chemistry, Brain Stem cytology, Complement C3b analysis, Complement C3b immunology, Disinfectants, Formaldehyde, Hindlimb, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II immunology, Male, Pain chemically induced, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Spinal Cord chemistry, Spinal Cord cytology, Microglia physiology, Nociceptors physiology, Pain physiopathology
- Abstract
Microglia in primary afferent projection territories are activated and proliferate after peripheral nerve injury. However, it is not known whether stimulation of peripheral nerves by noxious stimuli applied to their receptive fields activates microglial cells in the spinal cord. This study was designed to investigate the response of microglia in the lumbar spinal cord and in the brainstem to a tonic noxious stimulus. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous injections of 5% formalin (50 microliter) into the plantar surface of the right hind paw, and 24 rats were injected with 50 microliter saline as a control. The lumbar spinal cord and brainstem were evaluated for immunoreactivity (IR) to complement receptor C3bi (monoclonal antibody OX-42) and major histocompatibility complex class II (monoclonal antibody OX-6) on postinjection hours 0, 2, 4 and 8 and days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28. A qualitative and quantitative increase of OX-42-IR microglial cells were observed in the medial portion of the dorsal horn and in the gracile nucleus of the brainstem on the side ipsilateral to the formalin injection, starting on days 1-3 and peaking on day 7 postinjection. OX-6-positive cells were scattered both in gray and white matter, but no difference was detected between the two sides of the spinal cord or between formalin-injected and control animals. This is the first study that reports that subcutaneous injection of formalin into the rat's hind paw induces microglial activation in the spinal cord as well as in the brainstem. Although we have not determined whether these responses result from nociceptor activity, peripheral inflammation, or degeneration of primary afferents and/or central neurons, this method provides a simple, effective and stable animal model that will permit the future study of the mechanisms that contribute to microglial activation and its pathophysiological consequences., (Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.)
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. A novel receptor tyrosine kinase, Mer, inhibits TNF-alpha production and lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock.
- Author
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Camenisch TD, Koller BH, Earp HS, and Matsushima GK
- Subjects
- Animals, Crosses, Genetic, Drug Resistance genetics, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred DBA, Mice, Knockout, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules genetics, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules metabolism, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases genetics, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases metabolism, Sepsis immunology, Sepsis mortality, Sepsis prevention & control, Shock, Septic etiology, Shock, Septic genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase, Lipopolysaccharides toxicity, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules physiology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases physiology, Shock, Septic prevention & control, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha antagonists & inhibitors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis
- Abstract
The regulation of monocyte function and the inhibition of TNF-alpha production during bacterial sepsis are critical in attenuating adverse host responses to endotoxemia. To study the function of a novel receptor tyrosine kinase, mer, that is expressed in monocytes, we generated mice (merkd) that lack the signaling tyrosine kinase domain. Upon LPS challenge, merkd animals died of endotoxic shock (15/17, 88.2%), whereas control wild-type mice survived (1/15, 6.7% died). Susceptible merkd mice exhibited edema, leukocyte infiltration, and signs of endotoxic shock that correlated with higher levels of TNF-alpha found in the serum of merkd mice as compared with wild-type control animals. Death due to LPS-induced endotoxic shock in merkd mice was blocked by administration of anti-TNF-alpha Ab, suggesting that overproduction of this cytokine was principally responsible for the heightened suseptibility. The increase in TNF-alpha production appeared to be the result of a substantial increase in the LPS-dependent activation of NF-kappa B nuclear translocation resulting in greater TNF-alpha production by macrophages from merkd mice. Thus, Mer receptor tyrosine kinase signaling participates in a novel inhibitory pathway in macrophages important for regulating TNF-alpha secretion and attenuating endotoxic shock.
- Published
- 1999
29. Gene expression in brain during cuprizone-induced demyelination and remyelination.
- Author
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Morell P, Barrett CV, Mason JL, Toews AD, Hostettler JD, Knapp GW, and Matsushima GK
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain drug effects, Brain pathology, Corpus Callosum drug effects, Corpus Callosum pathology, Cuprizone administration & dosage, Demyelinating Diseases chemically induced, Diet, Galactosyltransferases genetics, Macrophages physiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microglia physiology, Myelin Basic Protein genetics, Myelin Sheath pathology, Myelin Sheath ultrastructure, Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein genetics, N-Acylsphingosine Galactosyltransferase, Phagocytosis, RNA, Messenger genetics, Transcription, Genetic, Brain metabolism, Cuprizone toxicity, Demyelinating Diseases metabolism, Demyelinating Diseases pathology, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Myelin Proteins genetics, Myelin Sheath physiology
- Abstract
When C57BL/6J mice, 8 weeks of age, received 0.2% Cuprizone in their diet, extensive demyelination in corpus callosum was detectable after 3 weeks, and there was massive demyelination by 4 weeks. As expected, the accumulation of phagocytically active microglia/macrophages correlated closely with demyelination. When Cuprizone was removed from the diet, remyelination was soon initiated; after 6 weeks of recovery, myelin levels were near-normal and phagocytic cells were no longer prominent. Steady-state levels of mRNA for myelin-associated glycoprotein, myelin basic protein, and ceramide galactosyltransferase were already profoundly depressed after 1 week of Cuprizone exposure and were only 10-20% of control values after 2 weeks. Unexpectedly, upregulation of mRNA for these myelin genes did not correlate with initiation of remyelination but rather with accumulation of microglia/macrophages. After 6 weeks of exposure to Cuprizone, mRNA levels were at control levels or higher-in the face of massive demyelination. This suggests that in addition to effecting myelin removal, microglia/macrophages may simultaneously push surviving oligodendroglia or their progenitors toward myelination., (Copyright 1998 Academic Press.)
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Absence of MHC class II molecules reduces CNS demyelination, microglial/macrophage infiltration, and twitching in murine globoid cell leukodystrophy.
- Author
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Matsushima GK, Taniike M, Glimcher LH, Grusby MJ, Frelinger JA, Suzuki K, and Ting JP
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte analysis, Bone Marrow Cells, Central Nervous System pathology, Crosses, Genetic, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Galactosylceramidase, Genes, MHC Class II genetics, Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell pathology, Male, Mice, Mice, Neurologic Mutants, Mice, Transgenic, Mutation physiology, Spleen cytology, T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology, Central Nervous System immunology, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II immunology, Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell immunology, Macrophages immunology, Microglia immunology
- Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a severe genetic demyelinating disorder with an increased number of Ia (immune response antigen) positive brain microglia/macrophages. To assess the role of aberrant Ia expression in the central nervous system (CNS), twitcher mice, which represent the murine model for GLD, were mated with Ia- transgenic mice. Compared with the Ia+ controls, Ia- twitcher mice showed a profound reduction in the severity of demyelinating lesions correlated with significantly fewer microglia/macrophages. Most importantly, Ia- twitcher mice showed significantly reduced twitching compared with ia+ twitcher mice. In contrast with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), there was no significant amount of inflammatory T cell infiltrates, implying that T cells may not play a predominant role in this disease. These findings may have broad therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, which display enhanced Ia expression in the CNS without obvious T cell infiltrates.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Delayed-type hypersensitivity response in the central nervous system during JHM virus infection requires viral specificity for protection.
- Author
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Stohlman SA, Sussman MA, Matsushima GK, Shubin RA, and Erlich SS
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Viral immunology, Immunization, Passive, Macrophages immunology, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, Murine hepatitis virus, Species Specificity, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Brain immunology, Hepatitis, Viral, Animal immunology, Hypersensitivity, Delayed
- Abstract
The JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) elicits an I-A-restricted delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response mediated by a Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, and CD4+ T cell. Adoptive transfer of these polyclonal CD4+ T cells from immunized mice prevents death in lethally infected recipients without significantly reducing virus titer in the central nervous system (CNS). These observations raise the possibility that the recruitment of mononuclear cells into the CNS may play a critical role in survival from a lethal CNS infection. Transient DTH response to nonviral antigens induced an accumulation of monocytes in the CNS that was maximal at 48 h post-challenge and virtually resolved by 5 days post-challenge. By contrast the induction of prolonged DTH responses resulted in the accumulation of a large number of monocytes that persisted in the CNS for at least 5 days post-challenge. Neither type of DTH reaction suppressed virus replication or prevented death from concomitant lethal JHMV infection.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Evidence for a subpopulation of antigen-presenting cells specific for the induction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response.
- Author
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Matsushima GK, Gilmore W, Casteel N, Frelinger JA, and Stohlman SA
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibody Formation, Dermatitis, Contact etiology, Hemocyanins immunology, Lymphocyte Activation, Macrophages immunology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic immunology, Antigen-Presenting Cells immunology, Hypersensitivity, Delayed etiology
- Abstract
Young adult SJL mice (8 weeks of age or younger) do not mount a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response due to the failure of a macrophage antigen-presenting cell (APC) to induce TDTH effector cells. SJL mice that are 10 weeks of age or older produce a normal DTH response. This genetic defect provides a model for the investigation of functional subpopulations of APC which interact with specific subpopulations of T cells. In this study, we used this model to examine whether macrophage APC impairment involves APC-dependent immune responses other than DTH. No age-dependent differences were found in the ability of spleen cells from SJL mice to proliferate and synthesize interleukin-2 in response to concanavalin A; nor was the proliferative response to a variety of antigenic stimuli affected. In addition, no differences were observed in the contact sensitivity response or in the in vitro generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In contrast, the in vivo generation of allogeneic CTL was significantly depressed in 6-week-old SJL and could not be restored to normal by the adoptive transfer of macrophages from DTH responsive 12-week-old SJL mice. Finally, examination of the humoral response of 6-week-old SJL indicated no impairment in IgM or IgG serum antibody levels or in the induction of splenic B cells. Thus, the macrophage APC regulating the induction of TDTH effector cells does not appear to participate in the induction of T helper cells for other cellular and humoral responses. These data support the hypothesis that distinct subpopulations of APC may regulate the induction of specific immune effector mechanisms.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Fine specificity and genetic restriction of T cell clones specific for mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM.
- Author
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Woodward JG, Fleming JO, Matsushima GK, Frelinger JA, and Stohlman SA
- Subjects
- Alleles, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Clone Cells, Hepatitis, Viral, Animal microbiology, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred Strains, Murine hepatitis virus pathogenicity, Species Specificity, H-2 Antigens genetics, Murine hepatitis virus immunology, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Studies on the mechanism of protection from acute viral encephalomyelitis by delayed-type hypersensitivity inducer T cell clones.
- Author
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Erlich SS, Matsushima GK, and Stohlman SA
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Viral immunology, Brain Diseases microbiology, Brain Diseases pathology, Enterovirus Infections pathology, Immunohistochemistry, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Brain Diseases immunology, Enterovirus Infections immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer immunology
- Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mice can be protected from a lethal infection with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) by the adoptive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)-inducer T cell clones specific for the virus. Protection does not involve the suppression of virus replication in the central nervous system (CNS) or via augmentation of the antiviral antibody response. In the present report we have compared the CNS lesions induced by JHMV in lethally infected and T cell clone protected mice. The presence of virus-specific T cell clones induced a transient increase in mononuclear cell infiltration into the parenchyma of the brains of protected mice, consistent with previous data suggesting that a DTH response was responsible for protection. Immunohistochemical studies suggested further that virus was not replicating in the ependyma or cellular infiltrate, but that the presence of the T cell clone prevented neuronal infection. While the mechanism of effectively altering the in vivo cellular tropism is unknown, survival is accompanied by increased specific destruction of target tissues with fulminant CNS demyelination and an increased incidence of persistent infection.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A new murine lymphocyte alloantigen, Ly-27.2.
- Author
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Matsushima GK, Harmon RC, and Frelinger JA
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal immunology, Antigens, Ly genetics, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed, Lymphoid Tissue immunology, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains genetics, Antigens, Ly immunology, Mice, Inbred Strains immunology
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Maturation of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in SJL mice: absence of effector cell induction.
- Author
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Matsushima GK and Stohlman SA
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Immunization, Passive, Immunologic Memory, Mice, Antigen-Presenting Cells immunology, Hypersensitivity, Delayed immunology, Immunity, Cellular, Mice, Inbred Strains immunology, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Abstract
Immunization of young adult SJL mice (6 weeks of age) with a wide variety of particulate and soluble antigens does not elicit a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Young adult SJL lack a DTM response through 8 weeks of age but attain the mature adult level of responsiveness at 10 weeks of age. Nylon wool-enriched TDTH effectors and an antigen-specific T cell clone both elicited DTH responses when transferred into 6-week-old SJL. Thus, the cascade of events at the local site appears to be functionally intact in 6-week-old SJL. However, T cells from immunized 6-week-old SJL fail to transfer DTH responsiveness to naive 6-week-old SJL recipients unless macrophages from 12-week-old SJL supplemented the immunization. Thus, the unresponsiveness of 6-week-old SJL appears to be due to a lack of induction of TDTH effectors. In addition, SJL mice immunized at 6 weeks of age and challenged with antigen at the DTH responsive age of 12 weeks did not mount a DTH response. Immunized 6-week-old SJL, supplemented with macrophages from 12-week-old SJL, and 12-week-old SJL did respond to a second antigenic challenge when held for an equivalent 6-week period. Thus, 6-week-old SJL fail to induce TDTH effectors and to generate memory TDTH cells. Finally, antigen-pulsed macrophages from 12-week-old SJL transferred DTH responsiveness into naive 6-week and 12-week-old SJL recipients, while antigen-pulsed cells from 6-week donors were unable to transfer DTH responsiveness. These data indicate that the maturational deficit in the DTH responsiveness of 6-week-old SJL resides in the inability of macrophages to induce TDTH effectors.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Natural killer cell activity during mouse hepatitis virus infection: response in the absence of interferon.
- Author
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Stohlman SA, Brayton PR, Harmon RC, Stevenson D, Ganges RG, and Matsushima GK
- Subjects
- Animals, Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, Interferons analysis, Mice, Mice, Inbred C3H, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Murine hepatitis virus, Hepatitis, Viral, Animal immunology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology
- Abstract
The ability of the JHM3 strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) to induce natural killer (NK) cells was examined. Infection of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with this virus resulted in the augmentation of natural cytotoxicity against YAC-I target cells in the absence of a detectable interferon response. The cells responsible for this increased cytotoxicity were sensitive to complement-mediated lysis with an anti-Q-5 reagent but not with a Thy 1.2 antiserum, indicating that they possess an NK-like surface phenotype. Although variation in the NK response of individual B6 mice following JHM virus infection was found, even the animal with the most responsive NK cell population had no detectable interferon in the spleen. This finding contrasted with observations with an unrelated virus (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) and a serologically related strain of MHV. Infection with both of these viruses induced augmented NK cell activity and interferon responses. In addition, we found that neither the ability to mount an augmented NK cell response nor preferential lysis of virus-infected targets correlated with resistance or susceptibility to JHM virus infection.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The defect in delayed-type hypersensitivity of young adult SJL mice is due to a lack of functional antigen-presenting cells.
- Author
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Stohlman SA, Matsushima GK, Casteel N, and Frelinger JA
- Subjects
- Aging, Animals, Antigen-Presenting Cells physiology, Antigens administration & dosage, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II genetics, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II immunology, Hypersensitivity, Delayed genetics, Hypersensitivity, Delayed physiopathology, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes genetics, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes physiopathology, Macrophages immunology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Antigen-Presenting Cells immunology, Hypersensitivity, Delayed immunology, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes immunology
- Abstract
SJL mice exhibit a strain-specific age-dependent delay in the maturation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responsiveness. They do not attain "adult" levels of DTH responsiveness until the 10th week of age, which is 4 to 6 weeks later than the other strains of mice tested. In this report we demonstrate that spleen cells, resident peritoneal cells and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells are all able to transfer DTH responsiveness from naive 12-week-old DTH responders to 6-week-old nonresponders. Transfer prior to immunization was more efficient at eliciting a response than transfer after immunization. As few as 5 X 10(4) cells from 12-week-old SJL mice can adoptively transfer responsiveness to unresponsive 6-week-old animals. The active cell was found to be adherent, radiation (2000 rds) resistant, I-A+, Thy-1- and Mac-1+. I-A compatibility between the adoptively transferred population and the nonresponder mice is required. These data suggest that young adult SJL mice lack a functional population of antigen-presenting cells specific for DTH and that the appearance of these cells is under maturational control.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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