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9. <Article>Land Use Changes within Intensive-type Community Forestry Sites in Cambodia and Policy Implications based on Factor Analysis of the Changes: Case Study of Rubber Plantation and Small-scale Farm Expanding Area in an Upland Region

Author

KURASHIMA, Takayuki, MATSUURA, Toshiya, HINO, Takafumi, KANZAKI, Mamoru, and KIM, Soben

Subjects
コミュニティ林業, intensive-type forestry, upland, 台地･丘陵地帯, カンボジア, 発展途上国, 集約型林業, developing countries, Cambodia, community forestry
Abstract

本稿ではカンボジアを例に, 集約管理型コミュニティ林業 (以下, CF) 導入･普及の試みが発展途上国の台地･丘陵地帯で直面しうる問題と, その現実的な対策について解明･論述する. 具体的には一地方内の複数のCF区域と各周辺域の土地利用動態, それらの差違の要因, 以上の点から汲み取れる施策上の示唆点を記す. カンボジアでは大規模森林伐採権制度停止後, 国土の11％をCF域とする方針が出された. だが, 森林維持群と耕地拡大群という, 好対照なCF区域が狭い範囲内に出現していた. 特に後者には政府の新たな土地コンセッション発行に基づくゴム園の拡大と, 農民による商品農作物栽培地の拡大とが直接･間接に影響していた. 以上の対照的なCF区域出現の背景として, 村ごとで異なった余剰可耕地の大小と, 新参者の耕地化の動きが重要だった. そこで今後, 森林維持群を増やすためには, 1)CF区域の取捨選択に当たり, CF以外の土地利用政策と農林業の動向, それらに由来する土地需要の変化を踏まえた, 中期的で広範な分析に基づく判断と, 2)CF区域での新参者の耕地化に, 元からいる村人らが追随しないようにする効果的な支援が肝要だと言える., This article examines the problems involved in the efforts of developing countries to introduce and establish Community Forestry(hereinafter referred to as CF)in upland regions based on an intensive management type, and practical measures to address the problems, focusing on Cambodian cases. Specifically, two implications for countermeasures are described after considering land use changes inside and outside some CF areas in one district, and the important factors giving rise to different patterns emerging within each CF area. The Cambodian government announced the allocation of 11% of national land for CF areas after suspending the large-scale timber concession system. However, two opposite types of CF areas appeared in the small district: forest-preserving and agricultural-land-expanding types. The latter was directly or indirectly related to the expansion of rubber plantations based on new land concessions issued by the government and farmers' agricultural lands for commercial crops. Those opposite types stemmed from two underlying causes: the surplus space for new agricultural land differed in each village ; and land clearance by new immigrants from other regions. Two important ways to increase the percentage of forest-preserving type are : 1)to identify nominated CF areas that conform with judgements based on medium-term and regional analysis including the following requisites : land use policies other than CF-related policies, local trends in agriculture and forestry, and the information regarding transformation of land demand arising from these factors ; and 2)to effectively support potential problematic villages so that villagers do not follow the conduct of immigrants who reclaim CF areas., ファイルを差し替え（2023-06-29）

Published
2022

18. Effects of species and geo-information on the 137Cs concentrations in edible wild mushrooms and plants collected by residents after the Fukushima nuclear accident.

Author

Komatsu, Masabumi, Hashimoto, Shoji, and Matsuura, Toshiya

Subjects
EDIBLE mushrooms, FUKUSHIMA Nuclear Accident, Fukushima, Japan, 2011, EDIBLE wild plants, PLANT collecting, FOOD inspection, NUCLEAR power plants
Abstract

After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), much of the wild and edible mushrooms and plants in the surrounding areas were contaminated with radiocesium (137Cs). To elucidate their concentration characteristics, we analyzed 137Cs radioactivity data in edible forest products brought in for food inspection by the residents of Kawauchi Village, 12–30 km away from the FDNPP, from 2012 to 2019. A Bayesian model to estimate 137Cs concentration was constructed. Parameters of the normalized concentration of species (NCsp) for mushrooms were similar to those of the same species obtained in a previous study. Although NCsp values were highly varied among species, mycorrhizal mushrooms tended to have high NCsp values, followed by saprotrophic mushrooms, and wild edible plants values were low. Also, half of mycorrhizal mushroom species (8 of 16) showed an increasing trend in concentration with time; however, saprotrophic mushrooms and wild plants generally demonstrated a decreasing trend (22 of 24). The model considering the sub-village location information decreased the error of individual samples by 40% compared to the model not considering any location information, indicating that the detailed geo-information improved estimation accuracy. Our results indicate that the radioactivity data from samples collected by local residents can be used to accurately assess internal exposure to radiation due to self-consumption of contaminated wild mushrooms and plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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22. A spatially explicit empirical model of structural development processes in natural forests based on climate and topography.

Author

Yamaura, Yuichi, Lindenmayer, David, Yamada, Yusuke, Gong, Hao, Matsuura, Toshiya, Mitsuda, Yasushi, and Masaki, Takashi

Subjects
FOREST microclimatology, LOGGING, OLD growth forests, FOREST surveys, TOPOGRAPHY, MID-ocean ridges
Abstract

Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2020
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