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15. Predictive validity of measures of comorbidity in older community dwellers: The Insufficienza Cardiaca negli Anziani Residenti a Dicomano study

Author

Di Bari, M, Virgillo, A, Matteuzzi, D, Inzitari, M, Mazzaglia, G, Pozzi, C, Geppetti, P, Masotti, G, Marchionni, N, Pini, R, Di Bari, M, Virgillo, A, Matteuzzi, D, Inzitari, M, Mazzaglia, G, Pozzi, C, Geppetti, P, Masotti, G, Marchionni, N, and Pini, R

Subjects
comorbidity, disability, epidemiology, mortality
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To compare the ability of five measures of comorbidity to predict mortality and incident disability in basic activities of daily living (BADLs) in unselected older persons. DESIGN: An assessment of the data obtained from the Insufficienza Cardiaca negli Anziani Residenti a Dicomano (ICARe Dicomano) Study, a longitudinal epidemiological survey on heart failure in older people. SETTING: Dicomano, a small, rural town near Florence, Italy. PARTICIPANTS: The entire population aged 65 and older living in Dicomano, Italy, was enrolled in the ICARe Dicomano Study. MEASUREMENTS: At baseline (1995), comorbidity was quantified in 688 participants, based on clinical diagnoses, using disease count (DC), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Index of Co-Existent Diseases (ICED), and Geriatric Index of Comorbidity (GIC), or on drug use, using Chronic Disease Score (CDS). Incident ADL disability was assessed in 1999 and vital status in 2004. RESULTS: Mortality increased with the severity of comorbidity, with hazard ratios around 2 when comparing the highest and the lowest quartiles of DC, CCI, and ICED in Cox regressions adjusted for age, sex, and physical and cognitive performance. Prediction of mortality with GIC and CDS was only borderline significant. All measures predicted incident ADL disability; the strongest risk gradient (hazard ratio=8.2 between the highest and lowest quartiles) was observed with ICED. Physical and, to a minor extent, cognitive performance added significantly to predicting mortality and incident BADL disability. CONCLUSION: All the measures of comorbidity predicted death and BADL disability in older community dwellers. DC, CCI, and ICED performed better than GIC and CDS. Physical performance measures are strong, independent contributors to the prediction of these outcomes.

Published
2006

16. Thoracic kyphosis and ventilatory dysfunction in unselected older persons: an epidemiological study in Dicomano, Italy

Author

DI BARI M, CHIARLONE M, MATTEUZZI D, ZACCHEI S, POZZI C, TARANTINI F, PINI R, MASOTTI G, MARCHIONNI N., BELLIA, Vincenzo, DI BARI M, CHIARLONE M, MATTEUZZI D, ZACCHEI S, POZZI C, BELLIA V, TARANTINI F, PINI R, MASOTTI G, and MARCHIONNI N

Subjects
Geriatrics
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether kyphosis is associated with ventilatory dysfunction in older community dwellers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The unselected population of Dicomano, Italy aged>or=65 years. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 323 nonheart failure participants underwent clinical evaluation for the presence of kyphosis and spirometry. The severity of kyphosis was estimated from the difference between standing stature and knee-height-derived stature and from the occiput-wall distance. MEASUREMENTS: Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and prevalence of obstructive and restrictive ventilatory pattern. RESULTS: The 130 kyphotic participants (40.2%) had an adjusted 2.5 prevalence odds ratio (POR) for dyspnea (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-5.8). FVC% and FEV1% were lower in the presence of kyphosis (P

Published
2004

17. Search for GUT magnetic monopoles and nuclearites with the MACRO experiment

Author

Ambrosio M, Antolini R, Auriemma G, Bakari D, Baldini A, Barbarino GC, Barish BC, Battistoni G, Becherini Y, Bellotti R, Bemporad C, Bernardini P, Bilokon H, Bloise C, Bower C, Brigida M, Cafagna F, Calicchio M, Campana D, Carboni M, Caruso R, Cecchini S, Cei F, Chiarella V, Chiarusi T, Choudhary BC, Coutu S, Cozzi M, De Cataldo G, Dekhissi H, De Marzo C, De Mitri I, Derkaoui J, De Vincenzi M, Di Credico A, Erriquez O, Favuzzi C, Forti C, Fusco P, Giacomelli G, Giannini G, Giglietto N, Giorgini M, Grassi M, Grillo A, Guarino F, Gustavino C, Habig A, Hanson K, Heinz R, Larocci E, Katsavounidis E, Katsavounidis I, Kearns E, Kim H, Kyriazopoulou S, Kumar A, Lamanna E, Lane C, Levin DS, Lipari P, Longley NP, Longo MJ, Loparco F, Maarou F, Mancarella G, Mandrioli G, Manzoor S, Margiotta A, Marini A, Martello D, Marzari Chiesa A, Matteuzzi D, Mazziotta MN, Michael DG, Monacelli P, Montaruli T, Monteno M, Mufson S, Musser J, Nicolo D, Nolty R, Orth C, Osteria G, Palamara O, Patera V, Patrizii L, Pazzi R, Peck CW, Perrone L, Petrera S, Pistilli P, PopaV, Raino A, Reynoldson J, Ronga F, Rrhioua A, Satriano C, Scapparone E, Scholberg K, Sciubba A, Serra P, Sioli M, Sirri G, Sitta M, Spinelli P, Spinetti M, Spurio M, Steinberg R, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Surdo A, Tarle G, Togo V, Vakili M, Walter CW, Webb R., BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Guarino, Fausto, A. Antolini e. t. a., L., Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Bakari, D, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Y, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiarusi, T, Choudhary, Bc, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Larocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Kumar, A, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Loparco, F, Maarou, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Matteuzzi, D, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popav, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rrhioua, A, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Walter, Cw, and Webb, R.

Subjects
Physics, nuclear track detectors, Scintillation, Magnetic monopole, Radiation, nuclearites, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, magnetic monopole, Flux, MACRO, parker bound, Nuclear physics, MACRO experiment, Nuclear track, Scintillation counter, Nuclear track detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Macro, Instrumentation
Abstract

We present the final results obtained by the MACRO experiment in the search for GUT magnetic monopoles and nuclearites. Several searches were performed with different subdetectors, i.e. scintillation counters, limited streamer tubes and nuclear track detectors. No magnetic monopole or nuclearite candidates were found. The MACRO upper limit to the local flux of GUT magnetic monopoles is at the level of 1.4×10 −16 cm −2 s −1 sr −1 .

Published
2003

18. Do GOLD stages of COPD severity really correspond to differences in health status?

Author

Antonelli Incalzi R, Imperiale C, Bellia V, Catalano F, Scichilone N, Pistelli R, Rengo F, Grassi V, Masotti G, Maggi S, Olivieri D, Melillo G, Palleschi M, Trabucchi M, Zuccaro S, Consales D, L, Paggi P, Lo Nardo D, Goria F, Fea P, Iraldi G, Corradi R, Capurso A, Flora R, Torres F, Venezia G, Mesto M, Valerio R, Noya R, Argentieri G, Semeraro S, Bellotti L, Tansella A, Cossi S, Guerini G, Fantoni C, De Martinis M, Pini L, Pinelli V, Battiloro R, Gaudiosi C, De Angelis S, Motta L, Mugeri D, Alessandria I, Savia S, Chiarlone M, Matteuzzi D, Zacchei S, Pedone V, Angelini D, Cilla D, Palummeri E, Torriglia D, Agretti M, Costelli P, Giusti A, Ranieri P, Guerini F, Barbisoni P, Calabrese P, Caione F, Caione D, La Chiara M, Galetti G, Cantatore A, Casarotti D, Anni G, Grumelli B, Cacciatore F, Pisacreta A, I, Calabrese C, Carnevale V, Enzi G, Peruzza S, Dalla Montà P, Albanese P, Tiozzo F, Bocchino V, Comel A, Barbarito N, Barbera M, Senin U, Peretti S, Arnone F, Camilli L, M, Marchetti M, Palleschi L, Cieri C, Vetta F., ABETE, PASQUALE, Antonelli Incalzi, R, Imperiale, C, Bellia, V, Catalano, F, Scichilone, N, Pistelli, R, Rengo, F, Grassi, V, Masotti, G, Maggi, S, Olivieri, D, Melillo, G, Palleschi, M, Trabucchi, M, Zuccaro, S, Consales, D, L, Paggi, P, Lo Nardo, D, Goria, F, Fea, P, Iraldi, G, Corradi, R, Capurso, A, Flora, R, Torres, F, Venezia, G, Mesto, M, Valerio, R, Noya, R, Argentieri, G, Semeraro, S, Bellotti, L, Tansella, A, Cossi, S, Guerini, G, Fantoni, C, De Martinis, M, Pini, L, Pinelli, V, Battiloro, R, Gaudiosi, C, De Angelis, S, Motta, L, Mugeri, D, Alessandria, I, Savia, S, Chiarlone, M, Matteuzzi, D, Zacchei, S, Pedone, V, Angelini, D, Cilla, D, Palummeri, E, Torriglia, D, Agretti, M, Costelli, P, Giusti, A, Ranieri, P, Guerini, F, Barbisoni, P, Calabrese, P, Caione, F, Caione, D, La Chiara, M, Galetti, G, Cantatore, A, Casarotti, D, Anni, G, Grumelli, B, Cacciatore, F, Pisacreta, A, I, Calabrese, C, Carnevale, V, Abete, Pasquale, Enzi, G, Peruzza, S, Dalla Montà, P, Albanese, P, Tiozzo, F, Bocchino, V, Comel, A, Barbarito, N, Barbera, M, Senin, U, Peretti, S, Arnone, F, Camilli, L, M, Marchetti, M, Palleschi, L, Cieri, C, and Vetta, F.

Published
2003

19. Calibrations of CR39 and Makrofol nuclear track detectors and search for exotic particles

Author

Togo, V, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Bakari, D, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Y, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, Rossella, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiarusi, T, Choudhary, Bc, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Kumar, A, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, Ds, Lipari, P, Longo, Mj, Loparco, F, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Matteuzzi, D, Michael, Dg, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rrhioua, A, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Vakili, M, Walter, Cw, Webb, R., V., Togo, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, D., Bakari, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, Y., Becherini, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, C., Bloise, C., Bower, M., Brigida, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, M., Carboni, R., Caruso, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, T., Chiarusi, B. C., Choudhary, S., Coutu, M., Cozzi, G. D., Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C. D., Marzo, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Giorgini, M., Grassi, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, R., Heinz, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, I., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, H., Kim, S., Kyriazopoulou, A., Kumar, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, M. J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Maaroufi, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, S., Manzoor, A., Margiotta, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, D., Matteuzzi, D. G., Michael, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo, R., Nolty, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, L., Perrone, S., Petrera, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, A., Raino, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, A., Rrhioua, C., Satriano, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra, M., Sioli, G., Sirri, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, T., G, M., Vakili, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, Togo, V, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Bakari, D, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Y, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiarusi, T, Choudhary, Bc, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Kumar, A, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Longo, Mj, Loparco, F, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Matteuzzi, D, Michael, Dg, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rrhioua, A, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Vakili, M, Walter, Cw, and Webb, R.

Subjects
IONS, Exotic Particles, MAGNETIC MONOPOLES, MACRO DETECTOR, GRAN-SASSO, Nuclear Track Detector, MACRO
Abstract

We present the final results of the search for exotic massive particles in the cosmic radiation performed with the MACRO underground experiment. Magnetic monopoles and nuclearites flux upper limits obtained with the CR39 nuclear track subdetector, the scintillation and streamer tube subdetectors are given. Searches at high altitude with the SLIM experiment are in progress.

Published
2003

26. Stability of recombinant plasmids on the continuous culture of Bifidobacterium animalis ATCC 27536

Author

GONZLEZ VARA, A., Rossi, Maddalena, Altomare, L., Eikmanns, B., and Matteuzzi, D.

Subjects
insertion sequence, DNA, Bacterial, Recombination, Genetic, Time Factors, plasmid stability, plasmid size, continuous fermentation, bifidobacteria, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Molecular Weight, Kinetics, Bioreactors, DNA Transposable Elements, Linear Models, Bifidobacterium, Cloning, Molecular, Algorithms, Plasmids
Abstract

Bifidobacterium animalis ATCC 27536 represents among bifidobacteria a host-model for cloning experiments. The segregational and structural stabilities of a family of cloning vectors with different molecular weights but sharing a common core were studied in continuous fermentation of the hosting B. animalis without selective pressure. The rate of plasmid loss (R) and the specific growth rate difference (delta mu) between plasmid-free and plasmid-carrying cells were calculated for each plasmid and their relationship with plasmid size was studied. It was observed that both R and the numerical value of delta mu increased exponentially with plasmid size. The exponential functions correlating the specific growth rate difference and the rate of plasmid loss with the plasmid molecular weight were determined. Furthermore, the smallest of the plasmids studied, pLAV (4.3-kb) was thoroughly characterized by means of its complete nucleotide sequence. It was found that it contained an extra DNA fragment, the first bifidobacterial insertion sequence characterised, named IS 1999.

Published
2003

29. Final results of magnetic monopole searches with the MACRO experiment

Author

Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Bakari, D, Baldini, A, Barbarino, G C, Barish, B C, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Yvonne, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiarusi, T, Choudhary, B C, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Kumar, A, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D S, Lipari, P, Longley, N P, Longo, M J, Loparco, F, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari-Chiesa, A, Matteuzzi, D, Mazziotta, M N, Michael, D G, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, C W, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rrhioua, A, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, J L, Sulak, L R, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Walter, C W, Webb, R, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Bakari, D, Baldini, A, Barbarino, G C, Barish, B C, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Yvonne, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiarusi, T, Choudhary, B C, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Kumar, A, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D S, Lipari, P, Longley, N P, Longo, M J, Loparco, F, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari-Chiesa, A, Matteuzzi, D, Mazziotta, M N, Michael, D G, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, C W, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rrhioua, A, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, J L, Sulak, L R, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Walter, C W, and Webb, R

Abstract

We present the final results obtained by the MACRO experiment in the search for GUT magnetic monopoles in the penetrating cosmic radiation, for the range 4 x 10(-5) < 3 < 1. Several searches with all the MACRO sub-detectors (i.e. scintillation counters, limited streamer tubes and nuclear track detectors) were performed, both in stand alone and combined ways. No candidates were detected and a 90% Confidence Level (C.L.) upper limit to the local magnetic monopole flux was set at the level of 1.4 x 10(-16) cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1). This result is the first experimental limit obtained in direct searches which is well below the Parker bound in the whole 3 range in which GUT magnetic monopoles are,expected.

Published
2002
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50. Traditional and High Potency Probiotic Preparations for Oral Bacteriotherapy.

Author

Famularo, G., de Simone, C., Matteuzzi, D., and Pirovano, F.

Subjects
BACTERIAL disease treatment, ANTIBACTERIAL agents
Abstract

Current research continues to improve the treatment options available to clinicians for oral bacteriotherapy. Recently, a greater understanding of the role of endogenous digestive microflora has generated renewed interest in the potential of oral bacteriotherapy for the management of a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal and systemic disorders. Several treatment strategies for oral bacteriotherapy have already entered clinical trials and it is hoped that some of these strategies will become widely available in the near future. This review summarises the current status of oral probiotic preparations for bacteriotherapy and discusses any obstacles to their successful clinical development. Newer probiotic preparations include high potency preparations that are greatly enriched in lactic acid bacteria, both in terms of bacterial concentrations and the number of bacterial strains. These preparations have a greater potential for clinical effectiveness than traditional preparations and are entering clinical evaluation especially in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and pouchitis, irritable bowel syndrome, or cryptosporidiosis. The pitfalls of previous clinical investigations of traditional probiotic preparations and the perils of future clinical trials with high potency preparations are discussed in the context of unmet needs and realistic expectations of success. Although considerable progress has been made in oral bacteriotherapy, focused efforts by basic scientists and clinical investigators and continued support from pharmaceutical companies is required to successfully develop probiotics for use in clinical medicine. Newer high potency probiotic preparations appear to have a great advantage over traditional preparations and should be the area of most active biomedical research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999
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