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Ziele: Die Teilnehmenden üben die Vorstellung von Poster-Beiträgen Dritter. Sie erhalten außerdem eine Rückmeldung darüber, inwieweit sie ein selbsterklärendes, aussagekräftiges Poster erstellt haben. Alle aktiv Teilnehmenden erleben einen Perspektivwechsel. Ablauf/Methode: [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ijpp-10.1177_19401612221088987 for Politics ��� Simply Explained? How Influencers Affect Youth���s Perceived Simplification of Politics, Political Cynicism, and Political Interest by Desir��e Schmuck, Melanie Hirsch, Anja Stevic and J��rg Matthes in The International Journal of Press/Politics

D1.2 Report on the conceptual, innovative, evaluation and ethical framework for youth citizen social science [m11] stems from the work, that has been conducted under WP1. This report describes the conceptual framework for youth involved citizen social science in the YouCount project. Moreover, the report presents the use of citizen social science as a mean for social innovation, highlights the dialogical framework for co-creative youth citizen social science, explores the conceptual and methodological framework for evaluation of the outcomes, and discusses ethical considerations and risk mitigation strategies when conducting youth involved citizen social science. The conceptual, innovative, evaluation and ethical framework is a starting point for setting a strategy of empirical research and, as a living document, will be developed during the implementation of the YouCount project.

Lernziel: Nach dem Workshop sind die Teilnehmenden in der Lage, ... Anforderungen wissenschaftsbasierter Lehre im nationalen Kontext zu definieren. ... auf die Vermittlung von Wissenschaftlichkeit ausgerichtete Lernziele für das eigene Handlungsumfeld zu entwickeln. ... didaktische Ansprüche [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Citizens��� misperceptions on critical issues such as climate change, migration, or health are viewed as a major problem in today���s democratic systems. A large body of literature shows how inaccurate information might lead to misperceptions despite of corrections and retractions. This study highlights individuals��� acts of resistance against journalistic reporting as a driver of misperceptions. Based on the framework of resistance strategies, we examine four processes which enable individuals to arrive at political realities that differ from the facts that are reported in the legacy media: 1) avoidance of the evidence; 2) biased evaluation of journalists��� expert opinion as a form of biased processing; 3) contesting the content and source of evidence; and 4) bolstering attitudes by seeking out like-minded discussions. We apply this theoretical model to explain misperceptions on the political ���Ibiza scandal��� and misperceptions about climate change policies in Austria. Findings from a two-wave panel study in the Austrian election context (N = 523) suggest that misperceptions stem in part from wrong inferences about journalistic expert opinion. Moreover, individuals that engage in source derogation of legacy media are able to uphold their misperceptions in the face of opposing evidence.

Thermal power plants in different fields are regularly adapted to the state-of-the-art emissions standards, applying “The Best Available Techniques Reference”. Since 2016 in the power plant area new, more stringent limits for power plant units with a thermal output of more than 300 MW operated with black coal are valid. Usually, in order to reach the new limits e.g., for NOX emissions, downstream reduction processes (Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction, SNCR or Selective Catalytic eduction) are applied, which use of operating resources (essentially ammonia water) thereby increase. By the means of an xperimentally validated process, by which pulverized fuel is fed by oscillation through a swirl burner into a pilot ombustion chamber with a thermal output of 2.5 MW, nitrogen oxides can be reduced without further activities, for nstance from 450 mg/mN3 in non-oscillation operation mode (0 Hz) to 280 mg/mN3 in oscillation operation mode (3.5 Hz), normalized to an O2–content of 6% each. These findings were patented in EP3084300. Particularly promising are the experiments which utilize oscillation of a large portion of the burn out air instead of the fuel in order to minimize the fatigue of the pulverized fuel oscillator, amongst others. Thereby, the nitrogen conversion rate, which describes the ratio of NOX to fuel nitrogen, including thermal NOX can be reduced from 26% for non-oscillation operation mode down to 6%. The present findings show that fuel oscillation alone is not sufficient to achieve nitrogen oxides concentrations below the legislative values. Therefore, a combination of different primary (and secondary) measures is required. This paper presents the experimental results for oscillating coal-dust firing. Furthermore, an expert model based on a multivariate regression is developed to evaluate the experimental results.

Einleitung: Ärztinnen und Ärzte dürfen von Rechts wegen mit Erhalt der Approbation Arzneimittel verordnen und sie tun dies im ärztlichen Alltag schon früh alleinverantwortlich. Patientenrechtegesetz und Berufsordnung sehen vor, dass Patient/inn/en umfassend über[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA), des Arbeitskreises zur Weiterentwicklung der Lehre in der Zahnmedizin (AKWLZ) und der Chirurgischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre (CAL)

Objective: This project is part of the “PJ-STArT-Block”, a one-week course preparing 10th semester medical students for their final practical year. The focus is on sensitizing students to aspects of medication safety by becoming aware of their skills and their deficits in terms of application and communication of pharmacological knowledge. The modules were evaluated regarding feasibility, acceptance and possible effects. Furthermore, the areas in which students see their pharmacological deficits or learning successes were gathered. Methods: In simulated physician-patient conversations, the students are to identify drug-related problems such as medication errors, adverse drug events or interactions. Together with their fellow students and under medical or pharmaceutical moderation, they then have to find solutions for the identified problems and communicate these solutions to the patients. Based on paper cases, students practice, reflect, and discuss the research of reliable information about drugs and medication therapy. The written evaluation included the evaluation by school grades and the possibility of comments in free text. A content analysis of interviews with students at the beginning of the project aimed to identify areas of pharmacology in which they see their own deficits. Results: Evaluation results including the free text comments indicate students’ acceptance of our pharmacology modules. According to this, the students realize the importance of aspects relevant for medication safety. The areas mentioned in 35 interviews in which students localize deficits, correspond to the topics that were intended when conceiving the modules and which are important for medication safety (e.g. interactions, adverse drug effects, dosages). Conclusion: Implementation of context-based, application-oriented teaching formats as recently claimed for pharmacological education to improve the quality of prescriptions, is possible, as the Cologne example shows. The student evaluation turns out positively and indicates a critical self-reflection. The students identified various pharmacological deficits in themselves, which have since been confirmed and quantified in another study., Zielsetzung: Das Projekt ist Teil des PJ-STArT-Blocks, einer einwöchigen Vorbereitung Medizinstudierender des 10. Semesters auf das Praktische Jahr. Im Vordergrund steht, Studierende für Aspekte der Arzneitherapiesicherheit zu sensibilisieren, indem sie sich ihrer Fähigkeiten bzw. Defizite bezüglich der Anwendung und Kommunikation pharmakologischer Kenntnisse bewusst werden. Die Module wurden mit Blick auf Durchführbarkeit, Akzeptanz und mögliche Effekte evaluiert. Des Weiteren wurde erhoben, in welchen Bereichen die Studierenden grundsätzlich pharmakologische Defizite bzw. Lernerfolge bei sich sehen. Methodik: In simulierten Arzt-Patient-Gesprächen sollen die Studierenden arzneimittelbezogene Probleme wie Medikationsfehler, unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen oder Interaktionen erkennen, gemeinsam mit Kommiliton/inn/en unter ärztlicher bzw. pharmazeutischer Moderation Lösungen für die vorliegenden Probleme finden und diese den Patient/inn/en kommunizieren. Anhand von Papierfällen üben, reflektieren und diskutieren die Studierenden die Recherche zuverlässiger Informationen zu Arzneimitteln und Arzneitherapie. Die Evaluation der Module erfolgte schriftlich anhand von Schulnoten und Freitextkommentaren. Eine inhaltsanalytische Auswertung von Interviews mit Studierenden zu Beginn des Projekts galt der Identifizierung von Bereichen der Pharmakologie, in denen sie eigene Defizite sehen. Ergebnisse: Die Akzeptanz der Pharmakologie-Module kann angesichts der Evaluationsergebnisse inkl. Freitextkommentaren als gegeben angesehen werden. Die Studierenden erkennen demnach die Bedeutung von für die Arzneitherapiesicherheit relevanten Aspekten. Die in 35 Interviews genannten Bereiche, in denen Studierende Defizite lokalisieren, entsprechen den bei der Konzeption der Module intendierten, für die Patient/inn/ensicherheit bedeutsamen Themen (z.B. Interaktionen, unerwünschte Wirkungen, Dosierungen). Schlussfolgerung: Das Kölner Beispiel zeigt, dass die erfolgreiche Umsetzung kontextbasierter, anwendungsorientierter Unterrichtsformate wie sie aktuell mit dem Ziel einer verbesserten Verordnungsqualität für die pharmakologische Ausbildung gefordert werden, möglich ist. Die studentische Evaluation fällt positiv aus und lässt eine kritische Selbstreflexion erkennen. Die Studierenden sehen verschiedene pharmakologische Defizite bei sich, die in einer weitergehenden Untersuchung bestätigt und quantifiziert wurden., GMS Journal for Medical Education; 36(2):Doc17

Background\ud Infections acquired in hospital are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants. Several small trials have suggested that supplementing the enteral diet of very preterm infants with lactoferrin, an antimicrobial protein processed from cow's milk, prevents infections and associated complications. The aim of this large randomised controlled trial was to collect data to enhance the validity and applicability of the evidence from previous trials to inform practice.\ud \ud Methods\ud In this randomised placebo-controlled trial, we recruited very preterm infants born before 32 weeks' gestation in 37 UK hospitals and younger than 72 h at randomisation. Exclusion criteria were presence of a severe congenital anomaly, anticipated enteral fasting for longer than 14 days, or no realistic prospect of survival. Eligible infants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either enteral bovine lactoferrin (150 mg/kg per day; maximum 300 mg/day; lactoferrin group) or sucrose (same dose; control group) once daily until 34 weeks' postmenstrual age. Web-based randomisation minimised for recruitment site, gestation (completed weeks), sex, and single versus multifetal pregnancy. Parents, caregivers, and outcome assessors were unaware of group assignment. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed or clinically suspected late-onset infection (occurring >72 h after birth), which was assessed in all participants for whom primary outcome data was available by calculating the relative risk ratio with 95% CI between the two groups. The trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number 88261002.\ud \ud Findings\ud We recruited 2203 participants between May 7, 2014, and Sept 28, 2017, of whom 1099 were assigned to the lactoferrin group and 1104 to the control group. Four infants had consent withdrawn or unconfirmed, leaving 1098 infants in the lactoferrin group and 1101 in the sucrose group. Primary outcome data for 2182 infants (1093 [99·5%] of 1098 in the lactoferrin group and 1089 [99·0] of 1101 in the control group) were available for inclusion in the modified intention-to-treat analyses. 316 (29%) of 1093 infants in the intervention group acquired a late-onset infection versus 334 (31%) of 1089 in the control group. The risk ratio adjusted for minimisation factors was 0·95 (95% CI 0·86–1·04; p=0·233). During the trial there were 16 serious adverse events for infants in the lactoferrin group and 10 for infants in the control group. Two events in the lactoferrin group (one case of blood in stool and one death after intestinal perforation) were assessed as being possibly related to the trial intervention.\ud \ud Interpretation\ud Enteral supplementation with bovine lactoferrin does not reduce the risk of late-onset infection in very preterm infants. These data do not support its routine use to prevent late-onset infection and associated morbidity or mortality in very preterm infants.\ud \ud Funding\ud UK National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme (10/57/49).

This chapter investigates the cognitive effects of different populist messages on blame attributions and stereotyping in the 15 countries participating in the study. It first gives an overview about whether respondents blamed politicians, the wealthy, immigrants, or ordinary people for the future economic decline described in the experimental stimulus. In addition, general stereotypical perceptions of those groups among respondents are presented. With respect to populist message effects, the analyses show that these were generally rather weak. But the analyses were also able to show that left-wing anti-out-group cues blaming ‘the rich’ and economic elites were most influential in this experiment. In contrast, the effects of anti-immigrant cues were much weaker, and neither anti-politics nor people-centrism cues made much of a difference for blame attributions and stereotypes. The chapter discusses the complex reasons for these differential effects. With respect to the impact of contextual factors, the analyses support the notion that the exact workings of populist communication seem to be rather country-specific. This supports findings from the interviews with journalists and politicians, as well as results of the content analysis presented in Parts I and II of this volume.

In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist das kommunikationswissenschaftliche Interesse an Emotionen stark angestiegen (Wirth, 2008, 2014a). Allerdings bleiben die empirische Erfassung von Emotionen in Kommunikationsinhalten sowie die Forschung zu deren Wirkung hinter der aktuellen Theoriebildung zuruck. Dies kann zu Missverstandnissen in Bezug auf die Verbreitung von emotionalen Kommunikations-inhalten und deren Wirkungen fuhren.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of neonatal infection over the past decade in UK neonatal units. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected infection surveillance network data from 2005 to 2014. SETTING: 30 neonatal units in the UK. PATIENTS: Newborns on participating neonatal units who had a positive blood, cerebrospinal fluid or urine culture and were treated with at least 5 days of appropriate antibiotics. RESULTS: 2171 episodes of neonatal infection in 1922 infants were recorded. The incidence of infection was 6.1/1000 live births and 48.8/1000 neonatal admissions (2.9 and 23.5 respectively if coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) cultures excluded). The incidence of infection showed a statistically significant reduction over time with reductions in the rates of both early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS).The majority of episodes (76%) represented LOS (diagnosed > 48 hours after birth), and infection was more common in premature (

Ziele: Wenig ist bekannt über die Umsetzung von Blended Learning im Rahmen des Problem-basierten Lernens (PbL). In einem kontrollierten Ansatz vergleichen wir ein rein präsenzpflichtiges PbL-Format mit einer teils ins Internet verlegten Variante. Im Sinne einer Nichtunterlegenheitsanalyse [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)

Einführung: In der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln wurden zwischen 1996 und 2003 Studienabschnittsevaluationen durchgeführt, bei denen auch spezifische, den Studiengang betreffende Fragestellungen erhoben wurden [ref:1]. Studierende wurden im 10. Fachsemester[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)

OBJECTIVE: To define the susceptibilities of the common causative pathogens of neonatal sepsis in the UK. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the prospectively collected neonIN infection surveillance network data between 2005 and 2014. SETTING: 30 neonatal units in the UK. PATIENTS: Newborns admitted to participating neonatal units who return a positive blood, cerebrospinal fluid or urine culture and are treated with at least 5 days of appropriate antibiotics. RESULTS: 1568 isolates with recorded antimicrobial data were collected including 328 early-onset sepsis (EOS) isolates and 1240 late-onset sepsis (LOS) isolates. The majority of EOS pathogens (>92%) were susceptible to the four empirical commonly used antimicrobial combinations (eg, 93% for benzylpenicillin/gentamicin), while LOS pathogens demonstrated higher levels of resistance (eg, 89% for flucloxacillin/gentamicin). Among infants