240 results on '"Matthew P. Walker"'
Search Results
2. NREM sleep as a novel protective cognitive reserve factor in the face of Alzheimer's disease pathology
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Zsófia Zavecz, Vyoma D. Shah, Olivia G. Murillo, Raphael Vallat, Bryce A. Mander, Joseph R. Winer, William J. Jagust, and Matthew P. Walker
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Alzheimer’s disease ,β-amyloid pathology ,Memory ,Sleep ,Slow wave activity ,Cognitive reserve ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology impairs cognitive function. Yet some individuals with high amounts of AD pathology suffer marked memory impairment, while others with the same degree of pathology burden show little impairment. Why is this? One proposed explanation is cognitive reserve i.e., factors that confer resilience against, or compensation for the effects of AD pathology. Deep NREM slow wave sleep (SWS) is recognized to enhance functions of learning and memory in healthy older adults. However, that the quality of NREM SWS (NREM slow wave activity, SWA) represents a novel cognitive reserve factor in older adults with AD pathology, thereby providing compensation against memory dysfunction otherwise caused by high AD pathology burden, remains unknown. Methods Here, we tested this hypothesis in cognitively normal older adults (N = 62) by combining 11C-PiB (Pittsburgh compound B) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for the quantification of β-amyloid (Aβ) with sleep electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to quantify NREM SWA and a hippocampal-dependent face-name learning task. Results We demonstrated that NREM SWA significantly moderates the effect of Aβ status on memory function. Specifically, NREM SWA selectively supported superior memory function in individuals suffering high Aβ burden, i.e., those most in need of cognitive reserve (B = 2.694, p = 0.019). In contrast, those without significant Aβ pathological burden, and thus without the same need for cognitive reserve, did not similarly benefit from the presence of NREM SWA (B = -0.115, p = 0.876). This interaction between NREM SWA and Aβ status predicting memory function was significant after correcting for age, sex, Body Mass Index, gray matter atrophy, and previously identified cognitive reserve factors, such as education and physical activity (p = 0.042). Conclusions These findings indicate that NREM SWA is a novel cognitive reserve factor providing resilience against the memory impairment otherwise caused by high AD pathology burden. Furthermore, this cognitive reserve function of NREM SWA remained significant when accounting both for covariates, and factors previously linked to resilience, suggesting that sleep might be an independent cognitive reserve resource. Beyond such mechanistic insights are potential therapeutic implications. Unlike many other cognitive reserve factors (e.g., years of education, prior job complexity), sleep is a modifiable factor. As such, it represents an intervention possibility that may aid the preservation of cognitive function in the face of AD pathology, both present moment and longitudinally.
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- 2023
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3. Sleep as a vital sign
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Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Matthew P. Walker, and Andrew D. Krystal
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Insomnia ,Universal screening ,Referrals ,Public health ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Sleep is causally linked to the maintenance of every major physiological body system and disturbed sleep contributes to myriad diseases. The problem is, however, is that patients do not consistently, nor spontaneously, report sleep problems to their clinicians. Compounding the problem, there is no standard-of-care approach to even the most rudimentary of sleep queries. As a result, sleep disturbances remain largely invisible to most clinicians, and consequentially, unaddressed for the patient themselves – thereby exacerbating physical and mental health challenges due to unaddressed sleep problems. In this review, we argue that all patients should be routinely screened with a short, readily available, and validated assessment for sleep disturbances in clinical encounters. If the initial assessment is positive for any subjective sleep-related problems, it should prompt a more thorough investigation for specific sleep disorders. We further describe how a program of short and simple sleep health screening is a viable, efficacious yet currently missing pathway through which clinicians can 1) screen for sleep-related problems, 2) identify patients with sleep disorders, 3) rapidly offer evidence-based treatment, and (if indicated) 4) refer patients with complex presentations to sleep medicine specialists.
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- 2023
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4. How people wake up is associated with previous night’s sleep together with physical activity and food intake
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Raphael Vallat, Sarah E. Berry, Neli Tsereteli, Joan Capdevila, Haya Al Khatib, Ana M. Valdes, Linda M. Delahanty, David A. Drew, Andrew T. Chan, Jonathan Wolf, Paul W. Franks, Tim D. Spector, and Matthew P. Walker
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Science - Abstract
In a prospective longitudinal study of 833 adults, we demonstrate that how you wake up and regain alertness in the hours after sleep is weakly associated with your genes. Instead, the modifiable factors of how you are sleeping, eating and exercising influence your return to full alertness, free of sleepiness.
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- 2022
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5. Sleep, alcohol, and caffeine in financial traders
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Frank Song and Matthew P. Walker
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Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2023
6. Sleep loss leads to the withdrawal of human helping across individuals, groups, and large-scale societies
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Eti Ben Simon, Raphael Vallat, Aubrey Rossi, and Matthew P. Walker
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Humans help each other. This fundamental feature of homo sapiens has been one of the most powerful forces sculpting the advent of modern civilizations. But what determines whether humans choose to help one another? Across 3 replicating studies, here, we demonstrate that sleep loss represents one previously unrecognized factor dictating whether humans choose to help each other, observed at 3 different scales (within individuals, across individuals, and across societies). First, at an individual level, 1 night of sleep loss triggers the withdrawal of help from one individual to another. Moreover, fMRI findings revealed that the withdrawal of human helping is associated with deactivation of key nodes within the social cognition brain network that facilitates prosociality. Second, at a group level, ecological night-to-night reductions in sleep across several nights predict corresponding next-day reductions in the choice to help others during day-to-day interactions. Third, at a large-scale national level, we demonstrate that 1 h of lost sleep opportunity, inflicted by the transition to Daylight Saving Time, reduces real-world altruistic helping through the act of donation giving, established through the analysis of over 3 million charitable donations. Therefore, inadequate sleep represents a significant influential force determining whether humans choose to help one another, observable across micro- and macroscopic levels of civilized interaction. The implications of this effect may be non-trivial when considering the essentiality of human helping in the maintenance of cooperative, civil society, combined with the reported decline in sufficient sleep in many first-world nations. Helping behavior between humans has been one of the most influential forces sculpting modern civilizations, but what factors influence this propensity to help? This study demonstrates that a lack of sleep dictates whether humans choose to help each other at three different scales: within individuals, across individuals, and across societies.
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- 2022
7. Bidirectional prefrontal-hippocampal dynamics organize information transfer during sleep in humans
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Randolph F. Helfrich, Janna D. Lendner, Bryce A. Mander, Heriberto Guillen, Michelle Paff, Lilit Mnatsakanyan, Sumeet Vadera, Matthew P. Walker, Jack J. Lin, and Robert T. Knight
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Science - Abstract
How are memories transferred from short-term to long-term storage? Here, the authors show that during deep (NREM) sleep, the prefrontal cortex initiates rapid, bidirectional interactions to trigger information transfer from the hippocampus to the neocortex.
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- 2019
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8. Sleep loss causes social withdrawal and loneliness
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Eti Ben Simon and Matthew P. Walker
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Science - Abstract
Loneliness markedly increases mortality and morbidity, yet the factors triggering loneliness remain largely unknown. This study shows that sleep loss leads to a neurobehavioral phenotype of human social separation and loneliness, one that is transmittable to non-sleep-deprived individuals.
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- 2018
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9. Nocturnal Mnemonics: Sleep and Hippocampal Memory Processing
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Jared M. Saletin and Matthew P. Walker
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Hippocampus ,Memory ,Sleep ,encoding ,consolidation ,forgetting ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
As critical as waking brain function is to learning and memory, an established literature now describes an equally important yet complementary role for sleep in information processing. This overview examines the specific contribution of sleep to human hippocampal memory processing; both the detriments caused by a lack of sleep, and conversely, the proactive benefits that develop following the presence of sleep. First, a role for sleep before learning is discussed, preparing the hippocampus for initial memory encoding. Second, a role for sleep after learning is considered, modulating the post-encoding consolidation of hippocampal-dependent memory. Third, a model is outlined in which these encoding and consolidation operations are symbiotically accomplished, associated with specific NREM sleep physiological oscillations. As a result, the optimal network outcome is achieved, increasing hippocampal independence and hence overnight consolidation, while restoring next-day sparse hippocampal encoding capacity for renewed learning ability upon awakening. Finally, emerging evidence is considered suggesting that, unlike previous conceptions, sleep does not universally consolidate all information equally. Instead, and based on explicit as well as motivational cues during initial encoding, sleep executes the discriminatory offline consolidation only of select information. Consequently, sleep promotes the targeted strengthening of some memories while actively forgetting others; a proposal with significant theoretical and clinical ramifications.
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- 2012
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10. Rotation and Hα Emission in a Young SMC Cluster: A Spectroscopic View of NGC 330
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Paul I. Cristofari, Andrea K. Dupree, Antonino P. Milone, Matthew G. Walker, Mario Mateo, Aaron Dotter, and John I. Bailey III
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Star clusters ,Globular star clusters ,Be stars ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
We present an analysis of high-resolution optical spectra recorded for 30 stars of the split extended main-sequence turnoff of the young (∼40 Myr) Small Magellanic Cloud globular cluster NGC 330. Spectra were obtained with the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System and Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrographs located on the Magellan-Clay 6.5 m telescope. These spectra revealed the presence of Be stars, occupying primarily the cool side of the split main sequence. Rotational velocity ( $v\sin i$ ) measurements for most of the targets are consistent with the presence of two populations of stars in the cluster: one made up of rapidly rotating Be stars ( $\langle v\sin i\rangle \approx 200$ km s ^−1 ) and the other consisting of warmer stars with slower rotation ( $\langle v\sin i\rangle \approx 50$ km s ^−1 ). Core emission in the H δ photospheric lines was observed for most of the H α emitters. The shell parameter computed for the targets in our sample indicates that most of the observed stars should have inclinations below 75°. These results confirm the detection of Be stars obtained through photometry but also reveal the presence of narrow H α and H δ features for some targets that cannot be detected with low-resolution spectroscopy or photometry. Asymmetry variability of H α line profiles on the timescales of a few years is also observed and could provide information on the geometry of the decretion disks. Observations revealed the presence of nebular H α emission, strong enough in faint targets to compromise the extraction of spectra and to impact narrow-band photometry used to assess the presence of H α emission.
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- 2024
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11. A Genetic Polymorphism of the Human Dopamine Transporter Determines the Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Brain Responses to Rewards and Punishments.
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Stephanie M. Greer, Andrea Goldstein, Brian Knutson, and Matthew P. Walker
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- 2016
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12. Sex, Sleep Deprivation, and the Anxious Brain.
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Andrea N. Goldstein-Piekarski, Stephanie M. Greer, Jared M. Saletin, Allison G. Harvey, Leanne M. Williams, and Matthew P. Walker
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- 2018
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13. Impact of insufficient sleep on dysregulated blood glucose control under standardised meal conditions
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Matthew P. Walker, Andrew T. Chan, Raphael Vallat, Jonathan Wolf, Juan Fernandez-Tajes, Linda M. Delahanty, Ana M. Valdes, David A. Drew, Tim D. Spector, Paul W. Franks, Nicola Segata, Neli Tsereteli, Sarah Berry, and Jose M. Ordovas
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Metabolic health ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Glycemic Control ,Bedtime ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Person-centring ,Aged ,Breakfast ,030304 developmental biology ,Morning ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Meal ,Diet ,Postprandial glucose ,Sleep ,Female ,Glycemic Index ,Middle Aged ,Postprandial Period ,Sleep Deprivation ,business.industry ,Repeated measures design ,Actigraphy ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Postprandial ,business - Abstract
Aims/hypothesis Sleep, diet and exercise are fundamental to metabolic homeostasis. In this secondary analysis of a repeated measures, nutritional intervention study, we tested whether an individual’s sleep quality, duration and timing impact glycaemic response to a breakfast meal the following morning. Methods Healthy adults’ data (N = 953 [41% twins]) were analysed from the PREDICT dietary intervention trial. Participants consumed isoenergetic standardised meals over 2 weeks in the clinic and at home. Actigraphy was used to assess sleep variables (duration, efficiency, timing) and continuous glucose monitors were used to measure glycaemic variation (>8000 meals). Results Sleep variables were significantly associated with postprandial glycaemic control (2 h incremental AUC), at both between- and within-person levels. Sleep period time interacted with meal type, with a smaller effect of poor sleep on postprandial blood glucose levels when high-carbohydrate (low fat/protein) (pinteraction = 0.02) and high-fat (pinteraction = 0.03) breakfasts were consumed compared with a reference 75 g OGTT. Within-person sleep period time had a similar interaction (high carbohydrate: pinteraction = 0.001, high fat: pinteraction = 0.02). Within- and between-person sleep efficiency were significantly associated with lower postprandial blood glucose levels irrespective of meal type (both p p = 0.035 and p = 0.051, respectively). Conclusions/interpretation Poor sleep efficiency and later bedtime routines are associated with more pronounced postprandial glycaemic responses to breakfast the following morning. A person’s deviation from their usual sleep pattern was also associated with poorer postprandial glycaemic control. These findings underscore sleep as a modifiable, non-pharmacological therapeutic target for the optimal regulation of human metabolic health. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03479866. Graphical abstract
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- 2021
14. Sleep Loss Influences the Interconnected Brain-Body Regulation of Cardiovascular Function in Humans
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Adam J. Krause, Raphael Vallat, Eti Ben Simon, and Matthew P. Walker
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Adult ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Hypertension ,Humans ,Sleep Deprivation ,Brain ,Sleep ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Poor sleep is associated with hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism(s) through which sleep loss affects cardiovascular health remains largely unknown, including the brain and body systems that regulate vascular function.Sixty-six healthy adults participated in a repeated-measures, crossover, experimental study involving assessments of cardiovascular function and brain connectivity after a night of sleep and a night of sleep deprivation.First, sleep deprivation significantly increased blood pressure-both systolic and diastolic. Interestingly, this change was independent of any increase in heart rate, inferring a vasculature-specific rather than direct cardiac pathway. Second, sleep loss compromised functional brain connectivity within the vascular control network, specifically the insula, anterior cingulate, amygdala, and ventral and medial prefrontal cortices. Third, sleep loss-related changes in brain connectivity and vascular tone were not independent, but significantly interdependent, with changes within the vascular control brain network predicting the sleep-loss shift toward hypertension.These findings establish an embodied framework in which sleep loss confers increased risk of cardiovascular disease through an impact upon central brain control of vascular tone, rather than a direct impact on accelerated heart rate itself.
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- 2022
15. Standardised Warfarin Reversal Expedites Time to Theatre for Fractured Neck of Femur Surgery and Improves Mortality Rates: A Matched Cohort Study
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Thomas S. Moores, Benjamin D. Chatterton, Matthew J. Walker, and Phillip J. Roberts
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Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background. This study aims to evaluate outcomes for warfarinised hip fracture patients and compare them with a matched nonwarfarinised group, before and after the introduction of national hip fracture guidelines in the United Kingdom. Methods. A retrospective cohort study of 1743 hip fracture patients was undertaken. All patients admitted taking warfarin were identified. These patients were then matched to nonwarfarinised patients using nearest neighbour propensity score matching, accounting for age, sex, hip fracture type, and Nottingham Hip Fracture Score. A pre-guideline group (no standardised warfarin reversal regimen) and a post-guideline group (standardised regimen) were identified. Outcomes assessed included time to INR less than 1.7, time to theatre, length of stay, and 30-day and 1-year mortality. Results. Forty-six warfarinised hip fracture patients were admitted in the pre-guideline group (mean age 80.5, F:M 3:1) and 48 in the post-guideline group (mean age 81.2 years, F:M 3:1). Post-guideline patients were reversed to a safe operative INR level within 18 hours of admission, decreasing the time to first dose vitamin K (p
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- 2018
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16. Human REM sleep controls neural excitability in support of memory formation
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Janna D. Lendner, Bryce A. Mander, Sigrid Schuh-Hofer, Hannah Schmidt, Robert T. Knight, Matthew P. Walker, Jack Lin, and Randolph F. Helfrich
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Sleep oscillations provide a key substrate to facilitate memory processing, the underlying mechanism of which may involve the overnight homeostatic regulation of plasticity at a synaptic and whole-network level. However, there remains a lack of human data demonstrating if and how sleep enhances memory consolidation and associated neural homeostasis. We combined intracranial recordings and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in humans to reveal a new role for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in promoting the homeostatic recalibration of optimal excitation/inhibition-balance. Moreover, the extent of this REM-sleep homeostatic recalibration predicted the success of overnight memory consolidation, expressly the modulation of hippocampal— neocortical excitability favoring remembering rather than forgetting. The findings describe a novel, fundamental role of human REM sleep in maintaining neural homeostasis, thereby enhancing long-term memory.
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- 2022
17. Structural brain correlates of human sleep oscillations.
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Jared M. Saletin, Els van der Helm, and Matthew P. Walker
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- 2013
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18. The Unrested Resting Brain: Sleep Deprivation Alters Activity within the Default-mode Network.
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Ninad Gujar, Seung-Schik Yoo, Peter Hu, and Matthew P. Walker
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- 2010
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19. A Nationally Representative Survey Assessing Restorative Sleep in US Adults
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Rebecca Robbins, Stuart F. Quan, Daniel J. Buysse, Matthew D. Weaver, Matthew P. Walker, Christopher L. Drake, Kristen Monten, Laura K. Barger, Shantha M. W. Rajaratnam, Thomas Roth, and Charles A. Czeisler
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Article - Abstract
Restorative sleep is a commonly used term but a poorly defined construct. Few studies have assessed restorative sleep in nationally representative samples. We convened a panel of 7 expert physicians and researchers to evaluate and enhance available measures of restorative sleep. We then developed the revised Restorative Sleep Questionnaire (REST-Q), which comprises 9 items assessing feelings resulting from the prior sleep episode, each with 5-point Likert response scales. Finally, we assessed the prevalence of high, somewhat, and low REST-Q scores in a nationally representative sample of US adults (n = 1,055) and examined the relationship of REST-Q scores with other sleep and demographic characteristics. Pairwise correlations were performed between the REST-Q scores and other self-reported sleep measures. Weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare scores on the REST-Q with demographic variables. The prevalence of higher REST-Q scores (4 or 5 on the Likert scale) was 28.1% in the nationally representative sample. REST-Q scores positively correlated with sleep quality (r = 0.61) and sleep duration (r = 0.32), and negatively correlated with both difficulty falling asleep (r = −0.40) and falling back asleep after waking (r = −0.41). Higher restorative sleep scores (indicating more feelings of restoration upon waking) were more common among those who were: ≥60 years of age (OR = 4.20, 95% CI: 1.92–9.17); widowed (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.01–5.42), and retired (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.30–3.14). Higher restorative sleep scores were less frequent among those who were not working “other” (e.g., a person performing household duties, OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.10–1.00) and living in a household with two or more persons (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29–0.87). Our findings suggest that the REST-Q may be useful for assessing restorative sleep.
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- 2022
20. An open-source, high-performance tool for automated sleep staging
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Matthew P. Walker and Raphael Vallat
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slow wave ,Male ,Computer science ,computer.software_genre ,Automation ,Software ,Software Design ,sleep scoring ,Biology (General) ,Child ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Aged, 80 and over ,Observer Variation ,education.field_of_study ,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ,YASA ,General Neuroscience ,machine-learning ,Sleep apnea ,Brain ,Electroencephalography ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,sleep apnea ,Tools and Resources ,sleep spindle ,NREM sleep ,Medicine ,Female ,Sleep (system call) ,REM sleep ,Sleep Stages ,Algorithms ,Human ,Adult ,Adolescent ,QH301-705.5 ,Science ,Polysomnography ,Population ,Sleep spindle ,Sleep staging ,Machine learning ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Young Adult ,Predictive Value of Tests ,medicine ,automated sleep staging ,Humans ,education ,Aged ,algorithm ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Electromyography ,Reproducibility of Results ,medicine.disease ,Electrooculography ,Open source ,Case-Control Studies ,Artificial intelligence ,Other ,business ,computer ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The clinical and societal measurement of human sleep has increased exponentially in recent years. However, unlike other fields of medical analysis that have become highly automated, basic and clinical sleep research still relies on human visual scoring. Such human-based evaluations are time-consuming, tedious, and can be prone to subjective bias. Here, we describe a novel algorithm trained and validated on +30,000 hr of polysomnographic sleep recordings across heterogeneous populations around the world. This tool offers high sleep-staging accuracy that matches human scoring accuracy and interscorer agreement no matter the population kind. The software is designed to be especially easy to use, computationally low-demanding, open source, and free. Our hope is that this software facilitates the broad adoption of an industry-standard automated sleep staging software package.
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- 2021
21. Author response: An open-source, high-performance tool for automated sleep staging
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Raphael Vallat and Matthew P. Walker
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Open source ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Performance tool ,Sleep staging ,Artificial intelligence ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,business ,computer - Published
- 2021
22. A universal, open-source, high-performance tool for automated sleep staging
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Matthew P. Walker and Raphael Vallat
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education.field_of_study ,Matching (statistics) ,SIMPLE (military communications protocol) ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Population ,Performance tool ,Sleep staging ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Software ,Open source ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,education ,Paywall ,computer - Abstract
The creation of a completely automated sleep-scoring system that is highly accurate, flexible, well validated, free and simple to use by anyone has yet to be accomplished. In part, this is due to the difficulty of use of existing algorithms, algorithms having been trained on too small samples, and paywall demotivation. Here we describe a novel algorithm trained and validated on +27,000 hours of polysomnographic sleep recordings across heterogeneous populations around the world. This tool offers high sleep-staging accuracy matching or exceeding human accuracy and interscorer agreement no matter the population kind. The software is easy to use, computationally low-demanding, open source, and free. Such software has the potential to facilitate broad adoption of automated sleep staging with the hope of becoming an industry standard.
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- 2021
23. How people wake up is associated with previous night's sleep together with physical activity and food intake
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Raphael, Vallat, Sarah E, Berry, Neli, Tsereteli, Joan, Capdevila, Haya Al, Khatib, Ana M, Valdes, Linda M, Delahanty, David A, Drew, Andrew T, Chan, Jonathan, Wolf, Paul W, Franks, Tim D, Spector, and Matthew P, Walker
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Adult ,Eating ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Longitudinal Studies ,Sleep ,Exercise - Abstract
How people wake up and regain alertness in the hours after sleep is related to how they are sleeping, eating, and exercising. Here, in a prospective longitudinal study of 833 twins and genetically unrelated adults, we demonstrate that how effectively an individual awakens in the hours following sleep is not associated with their genetics, but instead, four independent factors: sleep quantity/quality the night before, physical activity the day prior, a breakfast rich in carbohydrate, and a lower blood glucose response following breakfast. Furthermore, an individual's set-point of daily alertness is related to the quality of their sleep, their positive emotional state, and their age. Together, these findings reveal a set of non-genetic (i.e., not fixed) factors associated with daily alertness that are modifiable.
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- 2021
24. RETRACTED: A Societal Sleep Prescription
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Matthew P. Walker
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,General Neuroscience ,Social change ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,MEDLINE ,Work Schedule Tolerance ,Behavioral neuroscience ,Physician Impairment ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health promotion ,parasitic diseases ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Medical prescription ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
We are suffering a global sleep-loss epidemic. The health consequences within an individual are well characterized. But does society suffer just as much? Here, I discuss how insufficient sleep erodes our societal fabric as much as it does our biological fabric, and offer some prescriptive remedies.
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- 2019
25. Sleep Loss Impacts the Interconnected Brain-Body-Mood Regulation of Cardiovascular Function in Humans
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Matthew P. Walker, Raphael Vallat, Eti Ben Simon, and Adam J. Krause
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Mechanism (biology) ,Diastole ,Disease ,Blood pressure ,Mood ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Risk factor ,business ,Homeostasis - Abstract
Poor sleep is associated with hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease1,2. However, the mechanism(s) through which sleep loss impacts blood pressure remain largely unknown, including the inter-related brain and peripheral body systems that regulate vascular function3. In a repeated-measures experimental study of 66 healthy adult participants, we demonstrate four core findings addressing this question. First, a night of sleep loss significantly increased blood pressure—both systolic and diastolic, yet this change in vascular tone was independent of any increase in heart rate. Second, sleep loss compromised functional brain connectivity within regions that regulate vascular tone. Third, sleep-loss related changes in brain connectivity and vascular tone were significantly inter-dependent, with changes in brain nodes explaining the shift towards hypertension. Fourth, sleep-loss related changes in mood, specifically reductions in positive and amplification in negative states, each demonstrated an interaction with the impairments in brain connectivity and blood pressure. Together, these findings support an embodied framework in which sleep loss confers increased risk of cardiovascular disease through interactions between brain homeostatic control, mood-state and blood pressure.
- Published
- 2021
26. Sleep essentialism
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Matthew P Walker
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Animals ,Humans ,Neurology (clinical) ,Sleep - Published
- 2021
27. Sensitivity of objective and subjective sleep features to tau and Aβ burden in healthy older adults
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Joseph R. Winer, Laura E. Fenton, Theresa M. Harrison, Allison Morehouse, William J. Jagust, Matthew P. Walker, and Suzanne L. Baker
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Audiology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Modal ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Neuroimaging ,Subjective sleep ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business - Published
- 2020
28. Sleep disturbance is associated with longitudinal Aβ accumulation in healthy older adults
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Joseph R. Winer, Matthew P. Walker, Bryce A. Mander, and William J. Jagust
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Sleep disorder ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Modal ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Neuroimaging ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business - Published
- 2020
29. Author response: An electrophysiological marker of arousal level in humans
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Jack J. Lin, Rob Knight, Pål G. Larsson, Randolph F. Helfrich, Matthew P. Walker, Bryce A. Mander, Luis Romundstad, and Janna D. Lendner
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Electrophysiology ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Arousal - Published
- 2020
30. Broken sleep predicts hardened blood vessels
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Peter Attia, Vyoma D. Shah, Matthew P. Walker, Raphael Vallat, and Susan Redline
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pulmonology ,Physiology ,Neutrophils ,Apnea ,Blood Pressure ,Polysomnography ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Vascular Medicine ,Severity of Illness Index ,Monocytes ,White Blood Cells ,0302 clinical medicine ,Short Reports ,Animal Cells ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Biology (General) ,Immune Response ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Neuroscience ,Sleep apnea ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Sleep in non-human animals ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Cardiology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cellular Types ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sleep Apnea ,QH301-705.5 ,Immune Cells ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Internal medicine ,White blood cell ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Preventive strategy ,Blood Cells ,Sleep quality ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Public health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Actigraphy ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Atherosclerosis ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood pressure ,Blood Vessels ,Sleep Deprivation ,business ,Physiological Processes ,Sleep ,Sleep Disorders ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Why does poor-quality sleep lead to atherosclerosis? In a diverse sample of over 1,600 individuals, we describe a pathway wherein sleep fragmentation raises inflammatory-related white blood cell counts (neutrophils and monocytes), thereby increasing atherosclerosis severity, even when other common risk factors have been accounted for. Improving sleep quality may thus represent one preventive strategy for lowering inflammatory status and thus atherosclerosis risk, reinforcing public health policies focused on sleep health., Why does poor quality sleep correlate with cardiovascular disease? A large population-based study suggests that fragmented sleep contributes to atherosclerosis in humans by increasing inflammatory-related activity of white blood cells.
- Published
- 2020
31. Sleep Disturbance Forecasts β-Amyloid Accumulation across Subsequent Years
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Bryce A. Mander, Matthew P. Walker, William J. Jagust, Samika Kumar, Joseph R. Winer, Suzanne L. Baker, and Mark Reed
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Sleep Wake Disorders ,Polysomnography ,Biology ,Sleep, Slow-Wave ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,Risk Assessment ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Protein Aggregates ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Slow-wave sleep ,Aged ,Sleep disorder ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Eye movement ,Sleep apnea ,Brain ,Human brain ,medicine.disease ,Sleep in non-human animals ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Disease Progression ,Female ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Summary Experimental sleep-wake disruption in rodents and humans causally modulates β-amyloid (Aβ) dynamics (e.g., [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]). This leads to the hypothesis that, beyond cross-sectional associations, impaired sleep structure and physiology could represent prospective biomarkers of the speed with which Aβ accumulates over time. Here, we test the hypothesis that initial baseline measures of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow-wave activity (SWA) and sleep quality (efficiency) provide future forecasting sensitivity to the rate of Aβ accumulation over subsequent years. A cohort of clinically normal older adults was assessed using objective sleep polysomnography in combination with longitudinal tracking of Aβ accumulation with [11C]PiB positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Both the proportion of NREM SWA below 1 Hz and the measure of sleep efficiency predicted the speed (slope) of subsequent Aβ deposition over time, and these associations remained robust when taking into account additional cofactors of interest (e.g., age, sex, sleep apnea). Moreover, these measures were specific, such that no other macro- and microphysiological architecture metrics of sleep demonstrated such sensitivity. Our data support the proposal that objective sleep markers could be part of a set of biomarkers that statistically forecast the longitudinal trajectory of cortical Aβ deposition in the human brain. Sleep may therefore represent a potentially affordable, scalable, repeatable, and non-invasive tool for quantifying of Aβ pathological progression, prior to cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
- Published
- 2020
32. Sex, Sleep Deprivation, and the Anxious Brain
- Author
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Leanne M. Williams, Stephanie Greer, Jared M. Saletin, Matthew P. Walker, Allison G. Harvey, and Andrea N. Goldstein-Piekarski
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Anxiety ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Gray Matter ,Young adult ,Sex Characteristics ,Cross-Over Studies ,Extramural ,Brain ,Organ Size ,Resilience, Psychological ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Sleep deprivation ,030104 developmental biology ,Sleep Deprivation ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Sex characteristics ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Insufficient sleep is a known trigger of anxiety. Nevertheless, not everyone experiences these effects to the same extent. One determining factor is sex, wherein women experience a greater anxiogenic impact in response to sleep loss than men. However, the underlying brain mechanism(s) governing this sleep-loss-induced anxiety increase, including the markedly different reaction in women and men, is unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that structural brain morphology in a discrete network of emotion-relevant regions represents one such explanatory factor. Healthy participants were assessed across sleep-rested and sleep-deprived conditions, with brain structure quantified using gray matter volume measures. Sleep loss triggered greater levels of anxiety in women compared with men. Reduced gray matter volume in the anterior insula and lateral orbitofrontal cortex predicted the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss in women, yet predicted resilience in men, and did so with high discrimination accuracy. In contrast, gray matter volume in ventromedial prefrontal cortex predicted the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss in both men and women. Structural human brain morphology therefore appears to represent one mechanistic pathway (and possible biomarker) determining anxiety vulnerability to sleep loss—a discovery that may help explain the higher prevalence of sleep disruption and anxiety in women.
- Published
- 2018
33. Sleep the good sleep
- Author
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Matthew P. Walker
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Mental ability ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Disease ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Frontal lobe ,021105 building & construction ,Medicine ,business ,Psychiatry ,Set (psychology) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Slow-wave sleep - Abstract
Walker discusses on how people can protect themselves from Alzheimer's disease by having enough sleep. As a sleep scientist, he became interested in this connection some years ago, where he found out not only does sleep disruption play a role in the declining mental abilities that typify Alzheimer's disease, but getting enough sleep is one of the most important factors determining whether people will develop the condition in the future. Assessing a patient with Alzheimer's disease, the disruption of deep sleep is exaggerated, where Alzheimer's disease is associated with the build-up of a toxic form of protein called beta-amyloid, which aggregates in sticky clumps, or plaques, within the brain. Moreover, he set about testing whether the reason of Alzheimer's patients have such impaired deep NREM sleep, which conducted at her sleep centre at the University of California, Berkeley. And arrived at the answer that the more amyloid deposits there are in the middle regions of the frontal lobe, the more impaired that person's deep-sleep quality.
- Published
- 2017
34. SPX-101 Is a Novel Epithelial Sodium Channel–targeted Therapeutic for Cystic Fibrosis That Restores Mucus Transport
- Author
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William M. Abraham, Dale J. Christensen, Juan R. Sabater, David W. Scott, Matthew P. Walker, Bryant Wu, Timothy J. Stuhlmiller, Juliana I. Sesma, Robert Tarran, and Timothy M. Crowder
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Epithelial sodium channel ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mucociliary clearance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pharmacology ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Cystic fibrosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Internalization ,media_common ,Lung ,Hyperactivation ,biology ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Mucus ,Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ,respiratory tract diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,030228 respiratory system ,biology.protein ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is caused by the loss of function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) combined with hyperactivation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). In the lung, ENaC is responsible for movement of sodium. Hyperactivation of ENaC, which creates an osmotic gradient that pulls fluid out of the airway, contributes to reduced airway hydration, causing mucus dehydration, decreased mucociliary clearance, and recurrent acute bacterial infections. ENaC represents a therapeutic target to treat all patients with CF independent of their underlying CFTR mutation.Objectives: To investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of SPX-101, a peptide mimetic of the natural regulation of ENaC activity by short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1, known as SPLUNC1.Methods: ENaC internalization by SPX-101 in primary human bronchial epithelial cells from healthy and CF donors was assessed by surface biotinylation and subsequent Western blot analysis. SPX-...
- Published
- 2017
35. A restless night makes for a rising tide of amyloid
- Author
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Joseph R. Winer, Bryce A. Mander, and Matthew P. Walker
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Amyloid ,Amyloidosis ,Sleep, Slow-Wave ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Reports - Abstract
See Mander et al. (doi:10.1093/awx174) for a scientific commentary on this article.
- Published
- 2017
36. Nonclinical safety assessment of SPX-101, a novel peptide promoter of epithelial sodium channel internalization for the treatment of cystic fibrosis
- Author
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Phillip Barley, Timothy M. Crowder, Dale J. Christensen, Matt Cowlen, Matthew P. Walker, and Mutsumi Miyamoto
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Epithelial sodium channel ,ERG1 Potassium Channel ,Cystic Fibrosis ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,hERG ,Inhalation Toxicology ,Pharmacology ,Toxicology ,Cystic fibrosis ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Administration, Inhalation ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Respiratory system ,Epithelial Sodium Channels ,Adverse effect ,Internalization ,Lung ,Glycoproteins ,media_common ,biology ,business.industry ,Safety pharmacology ,Phosphoproteins ,medicine.disease ,HEK293 Cells ,Toxicity Tests, Subacute ,030104 developmental biology ,030228 respiratory system ,biology.protein ,Female ,Peptides ,business - Abstract
ENaC inhibition has long been an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. However, previous attempts at developing ENaC inhibitors have been unsuccessful due to complications arising from systemic circulation of the compounds. Here, we describe the preclinical toxicology assessment of a new inhaled peptide promoter of ENaC internalization delivered as a nebulized aerosol.Preclinical assessment of SPX-101 safety was determined using an in vitro hERG assay, bolus injection of SPX-101 in a canine cardiovascular and respiratory safety pharmacology model and 28-day inhalation toxicology studies of nebulized drug in rats and dogs.SPX101 had no effects on the respiratory, cardiac or central nervous systems. The 28-day inhalation toxicology studies of nebulized SPX-101 in rats and dogs revealed no drug-related adverse events. Plasma levels of SPX-101 peaked less than 1 h after the end of treatment in rats and were below the limit of detection in canine models.SPX-101, a novel peptide promoter of ENaC internalization, elicited no adverse effects at doses up to the MFD and in excess of the highest preclinical efficacious and expected clinical doses. In contrast to channel blockers like amiloride and derivative small molecules, SPX-101 does not achieve significant systemic circulation, thus doses are not limited due to toxic side effects like hyperkalemia and weight loss.
- Published
- 2017
37. The autism-linked UBE3A T485A mutant E3 ubiquitin ligase activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by inhibiting the proteasome
- Author
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Matthew P. Walker, Justin M. Wolter, Michael B. Major, Michael J. Emanuele, Mark J. Zylka, Jason J. Yi, Smita R. Paranjape, Rajarshi Choudhury, and Giulia Fragola
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,HECT domain ,Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neurobiology ,Humans ,Autistic Disorder ,Wnt Signaling Pathway ,Molecular Biology ,beta Catenin ,Wnt signaling pathway ,LRP6 ,LRP5 ,Cell Biology ,Ubiquitin ligase ,HEK293 Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,Proteasome ,Catenin ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Phosphorylation ,Proteasome Inhibitors - Abstract
UBE3A is a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase whose dysfunction is linked to autism, Angelman syndrome, and cancer. Recently, we characterized a de novo autism-linked UBE3A mutant (UBE3AT485A) that disrupts phosphorylation control of UBE3A activity. Through quantitative proteomics and reporter assays, we found that the UBE3AT485A protein ubiquitinates multiple proteasome subunits, reduces proteasome subunit abundance and activity, stabilizes nuclear β-catenin, and stimulates canonical Wnt signaling more effectively than wild-type UBE3A. We also found that UBE3AT485A activates Wnt signaling to a greater extent in cells with low levels of ongoing Wnt signaling, suggesting that cells with low basal Wnt activity are particularly vulnerable to UBE3AT485A mutation. Ligase-dead UBE3A did not stimulate Wnt pathway activation. Overexpression of several proteasome subunits reversed the effect of UBE3AT485A on Wnt signaling. We also observed that subunits that interact with UBE3A and affect Wnt signaling are located along one side of the 19S regulatory particle, indicating a previously unrecognized spatial organization to the proteasome. Altogether, our findings indicate that UBE3A regulates Wnt signaling in a cell context-dependent manner and that an autism-linked mutation exacerbates these signaling effects. Our study has broad implications for human disorders associated with UBE3A gain or loss of function and suggests that dysfunctional UBE3A might affect additional proteins and pathways that are sensitive to proteasome activity.
- Published
- 2017
38. You'll feel better in the morning: slow wave activity and overnight mood regulation in interepisode bipolar disorder
- Author
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Allison G. Harvey, Ilana S. Hairston, Matthew P. Walker, Lisa S. Talbot, Jared M. Saletin, Polina Eidelman, June Gruber, Katherine A. Kaplan, and Adriane M. Soehner
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Bipolar Disorder ,Polysomnography ,Affect (psychology) ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,Article ,Self-Control ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Bipolar disorder ,Applied Psychology ,Morning ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Brain Waves ,Sleep in non-human animals ,030227 psychiatry ,Negative mood ,Affect ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,Female ,Sleep Stages ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
BackgroundSleep disturbances are prominent correlates of acute mood episodes and inadequate recovery in bipolar disorder (BD), yet the mechanistic relationship between sleep physiology and mood remains poorly understood. Using a series of pre-sleep mood inductions and overnight sleep recording, this study examined the relationship between overnight mood regulation and a marker of sleep intensity (non-rapid eye movement sleep slow wave activity; NREM SWA) during the interepisode phase of BD.MethodsAdults with interepisode BD type 1 (BD;n= 20) and healthy adult controls (CTL;n= 23) slept in the laboratory for a screening night, a neutral mood induction night (baseline), a happy mood induction night, and a sad mood induction night. NREM SWA (0.75–4.75 Hz) was derived from overnight sleep EEG recordings. Overnight mood regulation was evaluated using an affect grid pleasantness rating post-mood induction (pre-sleep) and the next morning.ResultsOvernight mood regulation did not differ between groups following the sad or happy inductions. SWA did not significantly change for either group on the sad induction night compared with baseline. In BD only, SWA on the sad night was related to impaired overnight negative mood regulation. On the happy induction night, SWA increased relative to baseline in both groups, though SWA was not related to overnight mood regulation for either group.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that SWA disruption may play a role in sustaining negative mood state from the previous night in interepisode BD. However, positive mood state could enhance SWA in bipolar patients and healthy adults.
- Published
- 2017
39. Sleep Loss and the Socio-Emotional Brain
- Author
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Christopher M. Barnes, Matthew P. Walker, Eti Ben Simon, and Raphael Vallat
- Subjects
Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Helping behavior ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Anxiety ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Sleep disorder ,Loneliness ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,medicine.disease ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Sleep deprivation ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Feeling ,Sleep Deprivation ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Sleep ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Are you feeling emotionally fragile, moody, unpredictable, even ungenerous to those around you? Here, we review how and why these phenomena can occur as a result of insufficient sleep. Sleep loss disrupts a broad spectrum of affective processes, from basic emotional operations (e.g., recognition, responsivity, expression), through to high-order, complex socio-emotional functioning (e.g., loneliness, helping behavior, abusive behavior, and charisma). Translational insights further emerge regarding the pervasive link between sleep disturbance and psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, and suicidality. More generally, such findings raise concerns regarding society's mental (ill)health and the prevalence of insufficient and disrupted sleep.
- Published
- 2019
40. Bidirectional prefrontal-hippocampal dynamics organize information transfer during sleep in humans
- Author
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Janna D. Lendner, Bryce A. Mander, Rob Knight, Jack J. Lin, Heriberto Guillen, Lilit Mnatsakanyan, Matthew P. Walker, Michelle Paff, Sumeet Vadera, and Randolph F. Helfrich
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Drug Resistant Epilepsy ,Science ,Polysomnography ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Hippocampus ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Sleep spindle ,02 engineering and technology ,Hippocampal formation ,Models, Psychological ,Sleep, Slow-Wave ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Prefrontal cortex ,lcsh:Science ,Slow-wave sleep ,Memory Consolidation ,Multidisciplinary ,Neocortex ,Electroencephalography ,General Chemistry ,Middle Aged ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electrodes, Implanted ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Non-REM sleep ,Memory consolidation ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,0210 nano-technology ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Consolidation - Abstract
How are memories transferred from short-term to long-term storage? Systems-level memory consolidation is thought to be dependent on the coordinated interplay of cortical slow waves, thalamo-cortical sleep spindles and hippocampal ripple oscillations. However, it is currently unclear how the selective interaction of these cardinal sleep oscillations is organized to support information reactivation and transfer. Here, using human intracranial recordings, we demonstrate that the prefrontal cortex plays a key role in organizing the ripple-mediated information transfer during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. We reveal a temporally precise form of coupling between prefrontal slow-wave and spindle oscillations, which actively dictates the hippocampal-neocortical dialogue and information transfer. Our results suggest a model of the human sleeping brain in which rapid bidirectional interactions, triggered by the prefrontal cortex, mediate hippocampal activation to optimally time subsequent information transfer to the neocortex during NREM sleep., How are memories transferred from short-term to long-term storage? Here, the authors show that during deep (NREM) sleep, the prefrontal cortex initiates rapid, bidirectional interactions to trigger information transfer from the hippocampus to the neocortex.
- Published
- 2019
41. A Societal Sleep Prescription
- Author
-
Matthew P, Walker
- Subjects
Adult ,Physician Impairment ,Inpatients ,Adolescent ,Learning Disabilities ,Health Personnel ,Accidents, Traffic ,Health Promotion ,Professional Impairment ,Appointments and Schedules ,Intensive Care Units ,Hyperalgesia ,Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm ,Work Schedule Tolerance ,Humans ,Sleep Deprivation ,Hospital Design and Construction ,Social Change ,Child ,Lighting ,Work Performance - Abstract
We are suffering a global sleep-loss epidemic. The health consequences within an individual are well characterized. But does society suffer just as much? Here, I discuss how insufficient sleep erodes our societal fabric as much as it does our biological fabric, and offer some prescriptive remedies.
- Published
- 2019
42. Overanxious and underslept
- Author
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Eti Ben Simon, Matthew P. Walker, Allison G. Harvey, and Aubrey Rossi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Social Psychology ,medicine.drug_class ,Population ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Anxiety ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,Anxiolytic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Functional neuroimaging ,medicine ,Limbic System ,Humans ,education ,Prefrontal cortex ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Functional Neuroimaging ,Electroencephalography ,Amygdala ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Anxiety Disorders ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Anxiogenic ,Sleep Deprivation ,Female ,Sleep Stages ,medicine.symptom ,Nerve Net ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Are you feeling anxious? Did you sleep poorly last night? Sleep disruption is a recognized feature of all anxiety disorders. Here, we investigate the basic brain mechanisms underlying the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss. Additionally, we explore whether subtle, societally common reductions in sleep trigger elevated next-day anxiety. Finally, we examine what it is about sleep, physiologically, that provides such an overnight anxiety-reduction benefit. We demonstrate that the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss is linked to impaired medial prefrontal cortex activity and associated connectivity with extended limbic regions. In contrast, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow-wave oscillations offer an ameliorating, anxiolytic benefit on these brain networks following sleep. Of societal relevance, we establish that even modest night-to-night reductions in sleep across the population predict consequential day-to-day increases in anxiety. These findings help contribute to an emerging framework explaining the intimate link between sleep and anxiety and further highlight the prospect of non-rapid eye movement sleep as a therapeutic target for meaningfully reducing anxiety. All anxiety disorders are characterized by sleep disruption. Ben Simon et al. develop a neural framework of sleep-loss-induced anxiety, one that emphasizes NREM sleep as a therapeutic target for anxiety amelioration.
- Published
- 2019
43. An Electrophysiological Marker of Arousal Level in Humans
- Author
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Randolph F. Helfrich, Janna D. Lendner, Bryce A. Mander, Matthew P. Walker, Jack J. Lin, Pål G. Larsson, Luis Romundstad, and Robert T. Knight
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Electroencephalography ,neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,arousal ,80 and over ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,Propofol ,media_common ,Slow-wave sleep ,Aged, 80 and over ,Sleep Stages ,0303 health sciences ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Neuroscience ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Neurological ,Female ,Wakefulness ,Sleep Research ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Research Article ,Human ,Vigilance (psychology) ,Adult ,QH301-705.5 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Science ,Rapid eye movement sleep ,Sleep, REM ,anesthesia ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Arousal ,03 medical and health sciences ,1/f dynamics ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,mental disorders ,Humans ,human ,sleep ,Aged ,030304 developmental biology ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Neurosciences ,Eye movement ,intracranial electrophysiology ,Electrophysiology ,030104 developmental biology ,REM ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Deep non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and general anesthesia with propofol are prominent states of reduced arousal linked to the occurrence of synchronized oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Although rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is also associated with diminished arousal levels, it is characterized by a desynchronized, ‘wake-like’ EEG. This observation implies that reduced arousal states are not necessarily only defined by synchronous oscillatory activity. Using intracranial and surface EEG recordings in four independent data sets, we demonstrate that the 1/f spectral slope of the electrophysiological power spectrum, which reflects the non-oscillatory, scale-free component of neural activity, delineates wakefulness from propofol anesthesia, NREM and REM sleep. Critically, the spectral slope discriminates wakefulness from REM sleep solely based on the neurophysiological brain state. Taken together, our findings describe a common electrophysiological marker that tracks states of reduced arousal, including different sleep stages as well as anesthesia in humans., eLife digest Electroencephalogram (EEG for short) is a widespread technique that helps to monitor the electrical activity of the brain. In particular, it can be used to examine, recognize and compare different states of brain consciousness such as sleep, wakefulness or general anesthesia. Yet, during rapid eye movement sleep (the sleep phase in which dreaming occurs), the electrical activity of the brain is similar to the one recorded during wakefulness, making it difficult to distinguish these states based on EEG alone. EEG records brain activity in the shape of rhythmic waves whose frequency, shape and amplitude vary depending on the state of consciousness. In the EEG signal from the human brain, the higher frequency waves are weaker than the low-frequency waves: a measure known as spectral slope reflects the degree of this difference in the signal strength. Previous research suggests that spectral slope can be used to distinguish wakefulness from anesthesia and non-REM sleep. Here, Lendner et al. explored whether certain elements of the spectral slope could also discern wakefulness from all states of reduced arousal. EEG readings were taken from patients and volunteers who were awake, asleep or under anesthesia, using electrodes placed either on the scalp or into the brain. Lendner et al. found that the spectral slope could distinguish wakefulness from anesthesia, deep non-REM and REM sleep. The changes in the spectral slope during sleep could accurately track the degree of arousal with great temporal precision and across a wide range of time scales. This method means that states of consciousness can be spotted just from a scalp EEG. In the future, this approach could be embedded into the techniques used for monitoring sleep or anesthesia during operations; it could also be harnessed to monitor other low-response states, such as comas.
- Published
- 2019
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44. The Pain of Sleep Loss: A Brain Characterization in Humans
- Author
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Martin A. Lindquist, Adam J. Krause, Aric A. Prather, Matthew P. Walker, and Tor D. Wager
- Subjects
Male ,Striatum ,Audiology ,Somatosensory system ,Medical and Health Sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Research Articles ,Cerebral Cortex ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Brain Mapping ,General Neuroscience ,fMRI ,Pain Research ,Chronic pain ,Brain ,Pain Perception ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Neurological ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Chronic Pain ,Sleep Research ,Sleep loss ,Pain Threshold ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,Pain ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,030304 developmental biology ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,business.industry ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Somatosensory Cortex ,medicine.disease ,sleep deprivation ,Corpus Striatum ,Sleep deprivation ,Sleep Deprivation ,business ,Insula ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Sleep loss increases the experience of pain. However, the brain mechanisms underlying altered pain processing following sleep deprivation are unknown. Moreover, it remains unclear whether ecologically modest night-to-night changes in sleep, within an individual, confer consequential day-to-day changes in experienced pain. Here, we demonstrate that acute sleep deprivation amplifies pain reactivity within human (male and female) primary somatosensory cortex yet blunts pain reactivity in higher-order valuation and decision-making regions of the striatum and insula cortex. Consistent with this altered neural signature, we further show that sleep deprivation expands the temperature range for classifying a stimulus as painful, specifically through a lowering of pain thresholds. Moreover, the degree of amplified reactivity within somatosensory cortex following sleep deprivation significantly predicts this expansion of experienced pain across individuals. Finally, outside of the laboratory setting, we similarly show that even modest nightly changes in sleep quality (increases and decreases) within an individual determine consequential day-to-day changes in experienced pain (decreases and increases, respectively). Together, these data provide a novel framework underlying the impact of sleep loss on pain and, furthermore, establish that the association between sleep and pain is expressed in a night-to-day, bidirectional relationship within a sample of the general population. More broadly, our findings highlight sleep as a novel therapeutic target for pain management within and outside the clinic, including circumstances where sleep is frequently short yet pain is abundant (e.g., the hospital setting).SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAre you experiencing pain? Did you have a bad night of sleep? This study provides underlying brain and behavioral mechanisms explaining this common co-occurrence. We show that sleep deprivation enhances pain responsivity within the primary sensing regions of the brain's cortex yet blunts activity in other regions that modulate pain processing, the striatum and insula. We further establish that even subtle night-to-night changes in sleep in a sample of the general population predict consequential day-to-day changes in pain (bidirectionally). Considering the societal rise in chronic pain conditions in lock-step with the decline in sleep time through the industrial world, our data support the hypothesis that these two trends may not simply be co-occurring but are significantly interrelated.
- Published
- 2019
45. Author Correction: Overanxious and underslept
- Author
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Matthew P. Walker, Allison G. Harvey, Aubrey Rossi, and Eti Ben Simon
- Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,business.industry ,Published Erratum ,Family medicine ,MEDLINE ,Medicine ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,business - Published
- 2020
46. Retraction Notice to: A Societal Sleep Prescription
- Author
-
Matthew P. Walker
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Health consequences ,Notice ,General Neuroscience ,parasitic diseases ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,medicine ,Sleep (system call) ,Medical prescription ,Psychology ,Psychiatry - Abstract
We are suffering a global sleep-loss epidemic. The health consequences within an individual are well characterized. But does society suffer just as much? Here, I discuss how insufficient sleep erodes our societal fabric as much as it does our biological fabric, and offer some prescriptive remedies.
- Published
- 2020
47. Under slept and overanxious: the neural correlates of sleep-loss induced anxiety in the human brain
- Author
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E. Ben Simon and Matthew P. Walker
- Subjects
Neural correlates of consciousness ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Anxiety ,General Medicine ,Human brain ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Sleep loss - Published
- 2019
48. O1‐03‐03: HUMAN IN VIVO TAU PATHOLOGY, IMPAIRED NREM SLEEP OSCILLATIONS AND MEMORY DECLINE IN AGING
- Author
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Joseph R. Winer, Bryce A. Mander, Randolph F. Helfrich, Anne Maass, Theresa M. Harrison, Suzanne L. Baker, Robert T. Knight, William J. Jagust, and Matthew P. Walker
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Epidemiology ,Health Policy ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology - Published
- 2018
49. IC‐P‐131: HUMAN IN VIVO TAU PATHOLOGY, IMPAIRED NREM SLEEP OSCILLATIONS AND MEMORY DECLINE IN AGING
- Author
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Matthew P. Walker, Joseph R. Winer, Randolph F. Helfrich, William J. Jagust, Bryce A. Mander, Rob Knight, Anne Maass, Suzanne L. Baker, and Theresa M. Harrison
- Subjects
Tau pathology ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,In vivo ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2018
50. AAK1 inhibits WNT signaling by promoting clathrin-mediated endocytosis of LRP6
- Author
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F.J. Sorrell, Matthew P. Walker, Timothy M. Willson, A.S. Santiago, Opher Gileadi, James M. Bennett, Oleg Fedorov, Carina Gileadi, Alison D. Axtman, Susanne Müller, Serafin Ds, Michael B. Major, Meagan B. Ryan, Megan J. Agajanian, Rafael M. Couñago, Roberta R. Ruela-de-Sousa, David M. Graham, Nirav Kapadia, P.H.C. Godoi, Alex D. Rabinowitz, David H. Drewry, J.M. Elkins, Carrow I. Wells, and William J. Zuercher
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Chemistry ,Wnt signaling pathway ,AAK1 ,LRP6 ,Receptor-mediated endocytosis ,Endocytosis ,3. Good health ,Cell biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Signal transduction ,Kinase activity ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Tissue homeostasis ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
β-catenin-dependent WNT signal transduction governs normal development and adult tissue homeostasis. Inappropriate pathway activity mediates a vast array of human diseases, including bone density disorders, neurodegeneration and cancer. Although several WNT-directed therapeutics are in clinical trials, new targets, compounds and strategies are needed. We performed a gain-of-function screen of the human kinome to identify new druggable regulators of β-catenin-dependent transcription. We found that over-expression of the AP2 Associated Kinase 1 (AAK1) strongly inhibited WNT signaling. Reciprocally, silencing of AAK1 expression or pharmacological inhibition of AAK1 kinase activity using a new, selective and potent small molecule inhibitor activated WNT signaling. This small molecule is a cell active dual AAK1/BMP2K inhibitor that represents the best available tool to study AAK1-dependent signaling pathways. We report that AAK1 and the WNT co-receptor LRP6 physically co-complex and that AAK1 promotes clathrin-mediated endocytosis of LRP6. Collectively, our data support a WNT-induced negative feedback loop mediated by AAK1-driven, clathrin-mediated endocytosis of LRP6.Summary StatementA gain-of-function screen of the human kinome revealed AAK1 as a negative regulator of WNT signaling. We show that AAK1 promotes clathrin-mediated endocytosis of LRP6, resulting in downregulation of WNT signaling. We use a new selective and potent AAK1/BMP2K small molecule probe to validate our findings.
- Published
- 2018
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