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2. Kapitel 1. Ziele, Herangehensweise und Kontext

Author

Bohner, Andreas, Eitzinger, Josef, Erb, Karl-Heinz, Formayer, Herbert, Haas, Willi, Jandl, Robert, Matthews, Bradley, Meyer, Ina, Spiegel, Heide, Tappeiner, Ulrike, Tasser, Erich, Voigt, Andreas, Jandl, Robert, editor, Tappeiner, Ulrike, editor, Foldal, Cecilie Birgitte, editor, and Erb, Karlheinz, editor

Published
2024
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4. Supplementary material to "Reconciliation of observation- and inventory- based methane emissions for eight large global emitters"

Author

Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, primary, Peters, Glen P., additional, Engelen, Richard, additional, Houweling, Sander, additional, Brunner, Dominik, additional, Tsuruta, Aki, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Patra, Prabir K., additional, Belikov, Dmitry, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, additional, Zhang, Wenxin, additional, Segers, Arjo J., additional, Etiope, Giuseppe, additional, Ciotoli, Giancarlo, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Aalto, Tuula, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Bastviken, David, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Broquet, Grégoire, additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Gütschow, Johannes, additional, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Markkanen, Tiina, additional, van Peet, Jacob C. A., additional, Pison, Isabelle, additional, Regnier, Pierre, additional, Solum, Espen, additional, Scholze, Marko, additional, Tenkanen, Maria, additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, and Worden, John R., additional

Published
2024
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5. Reconciliation of observation- and inventory- based methane emissions for eight large global emitters

Author

Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, primary, Peters, Glen P., additional, Engelen, Richard, additional, Houweling, Sander, additional, Brunner, Dominik, additional, Tsuruta, Aki, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Patra, Prabir K., additional, Belikov, Dmitry, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, additional, Zhang, Wenxin, additional, Segers, Arjo J., additional, Etiope, Giuseppe, additional, Ciotoli, Giancarlo, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Aalto, Tuula, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Bastviken, David, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Broquet, Grégoire, additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Gütschow, Johannes, additional, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Markkanen, Tiina, additional, van Peet, Jacob C. A., additional, Pison, Isabelle, additional, Regnier, Pierre, additional, Solum, Espen, additional, Scholze, Marko, additional, Tenkanen, Maria, additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, and Worden, John R., additional

Published
2024
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7. The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2020

Author

McGrath, Matthew J., primary, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Dentener, Frank, additional, Balkovič, Juraj, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Broquet, Gregoire, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey, additional, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Jones, Matthew, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Kuhnert, Matthias, additional, Monteil, Guillaume, additional, Munassar, Saqr, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Qiu, Chunjing, additional, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, additional, Tarasova, Oksana, additional, Vizzarri, Matteo, additional, Winkler, Karina, additional, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Briggs, Peter, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Crippa, Monica, additional, Dellaert, Stijn N. C., additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A. C., additional, Filipek, Sara, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Fuchs, Richard, additional, Gauss, Michael, additional, Gerbig, Christoph, additional, Guizzardi, Diego, additional, Günther, Dirk, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Lerink, Bas, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Moulas, Géraud, additional, Muntean, Marilena, additional, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, additional, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, additional, Perugini, Lucia, additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pilli, Roberto, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Regnier, Pierre, additional, Scholze, Marko, additional, Serengil, Yusuf, additional, Smith, Pete, additional, Solazzo, Efisio, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, and Walther, Sophia, additional

Published
2023
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9. Reconciliation of observation- and inventory- based methane emissions for eight large global emitters.

Author

Roxana Petrescu, Ana Maria, Peters, Glen P., Engelen, Richard, Houweling, Sander, Brunner, Dominik, Tsuruta, Aki, Matthews, Bradley, Patra, Prabir K., Belikov, Dmitry, Thompson, Rona L., Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, Wenxin Zhang, Segers, Arjo J., Etiope, Giuseppe, Ciotoli, Giancarlo, Peylin, Philippe, Chevallier, Frédéric, Aalto, Tuula, Andrew, Robbie M., and Bastviken, David

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC methane, BIOMASS burning, PARIS Agreement (2016), EMISSION inventories, GOVERNMENT policy on climate change, METHANE, SOIL mineralogy
Abstract

Monitoring the spatial distribution and trends in surface greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, as well as flux attribution to natural and anthropogenic processes, is essential to track progress under the Paris Agreement and to inform its Global Stocktake. This study updates earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021, 2023) and provides a consolidated synthesis of CH4 emissions using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union (EU) and seven additional countries with large anthropogenic and/or natural emissions (USA, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Russia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo)). The work utilizes updated National GHG Inventories (NGHGIs) reported by Annex I Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2023 and the latest available Biennial Update Reports (BURs) reported by non-Annex I Parties. The NGHGIs are considered in an integrated analysis that also relies on independent flux estimates from global inventory datasets, process-based models, inverse modeling and, when available, respective uncertainties. Whenever possible, it extends the period to 2021. Comparing NGHGIs with other approaches reveals that differences in the emission sources that are included in the estimate is a key source of divergence between approaches. A key system boundary difference is whether both anthropogenic and natural fluxes are included and, if they are, how fluxes belonging to these two sources are grouped/partitioned. Additionally, the natural fluxes are sensitive to the prior geospatial distribution of emissions in atmospheric inversions. Over the studied period, the total CH4 emissions in the EU, USA, and Russia show a steady decreasing trend since 1990, while for the non-EU emitters analyzed in this study, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and DR Congo, CH4 emissions have generally increased. In the EU, the anthropogenic BU approaches are reporting relatively similar mean emissions over 2015 to 2020 of 18.5 ± 2.7 Tg CH4 yr-1 for EDGAR v7.0, 16 Tg CH4 yr-1 for GAINS and 19 Tg CH4 yr-1 for FAOSTAT, with the NGHGI estimates of 15 ± 1.8 Tg CH4 yr-1. Inversions give higher emission estimates as they include natural emissions. Over the same period, the three high-resolution regional inversions report a mean emission of 21 (19-25) Tg CH4 yr-1, while the mean of six coarser-resolution global inversions results in emission estimates of 24 (23-25) Tg CH4 yr-1. The magnitude of BU natural emissions (peatland and mineral soils, lakes and reservoirs, geological and biomass burning) accounts for 6.6 Tg CH4 yr-1 (Petrescu et al., 2023a) and explains the differences between the TD inversions and the BU estimates of anthropogenic emissions (including NGHGIs). For the other Annex I Parties in this study (USA and Russia), over 2015 to 2020, the mean of the four anthropogenic BU approaches reports 18.5 (13-27.9) Tg CH4 yr-1 for Russia and 29.1 (23.5- Tg CH4 yr-1 for the USA, against total TD mean estimates of 37 (30-43) Tg CH4 yr-1 and 43.4 (42-48) Tg CH4 yr-1, respectively. The averaged BU and TD natural emissions account for 16.2 Tg CH4 yr-1 for Russia and 14.6 Tg CH4 yr-1 for the USA, partly explaining the gap between the BU anthropogenic and total TD emissions. For the non-Annex I Parties, anthropogenic CH4 estimates from UNFCCC BURs show large differences with the other global inventory-based estimates and even more with atmospheric-based ones. This poses an important potential challenge to monitoring the progress of the global CH4 pledge and the Global Stocktake, not only from the availability of data but also its accuracy. By systematically comparing the BU with TD methods, this study provides recommendations for more robust comparisons of available data sources and hopes to steadily engage more Parties in using observational methods to complement their UNFCCC inventories, as well as considering their natural emissions. With anticipated improvements in atmospheric modeling and observations, as well as modeling of natural fluxes, future development needs to resolve knowledge gaps in both BU and TD approaches and to better quantify remaining uncertainty. Consequently, TD methods may emerge as a powerful tool for verifying emission inventories for CH4, and other GHGs and informing international climate policy. The referenced datasets related to figures are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10276087 (Petrescu et al., 2023b). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Towards near-real-time air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions: lessons learned from multiple estimates during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Guevara, Marc, primary, Petetin, Hervé, additional, Jorba, Oriol, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo, additional, Kuenen, Jeroen, additional, Super, Ingrid, additional, Granier, Claire, additional, Doumbia, Thierno, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Liu, Zhu, additional, Lamboll, Robin D., additional, Schindlbacher, Sabine, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, and Pérez García-Pando, Carlos, additional

Published
2023
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11. Towards near-real-time air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions: lessons learned from multiple estimates during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Guevara, Marc, Petetin, Hervé, Jorba, Oriol, Denier van der Gon, Hugo, Kuenen, Jeroen, Super, Ingrid, Granier, Claire, Doumbia, Thierno, Ciais, Philippe, Liu, Zhu, Lamboll, Robin D., Schindlbacher, Sabine, Matthews, Bradley, and Pérez García-Pando, Carlos

Abstract

The 2020 COVID-19 crisis caused an unprecedented drop in anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Given that emissions estimates from official national inventories for the year 2020 were not reported until 2 years later, new and non-traditional datasets to estimate near-real-time emissions became particularly relevant and widely used in international monitoring and modelling activities during the pandemic. This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on 2020 European (the 27 EU member states and the UK) emissions by comparing a selection of such near-real-time emission estimates, with the official inventories that were subsequently reported in 2022 under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Results indicate that annual changes in total 2020 emissions reported by official and near-real-time estimates are fairly in line for most of the chemical species, with NOx and fossil fuel CO2 being reported as the ones that experienced the largest reduction in Europe in all cases. However, large discrepancies arise between the official and non-official datasets when comparing annual results at the sector and country level, indicating that caution should be exercised when estimating changes in emissions using specific near-real-time activity datasets, such as time mobility data derived from smartphones. The main examples of these differences are observed for the manufacturing industry NOx (relative changes ranging between −21.4 % and −5.4 %) and road transport CO2 (relative changes ranging between −29.3 % and −5.6 %) total European emissions. Additionally, significant discrepancies are observed between the quarterly and monthly distribution of emissions drops reported by the various near-real-time inventories, with differences of up to a factor of 1.5 for total NOx during April 2020, when restrictions were at their maximum. For residential combustion, shipping and the public energy industry, results indicate that changes in emissions that occurred between 2019 and 2020 were mainly dominated by non-COVID-19 factors, including meteorology, the implementation of the Global Sulphur Cap and the shutdown of coal-fired power plants as part of national decarbonization efforts, respectively. The potential increase in NMVOC emissions from the intensive use of personal protective equipment such as hand sanitizer gels is considered in a heterogeneous way across countries in officially reported inventories, indicating the need for some countries to base their calculations on more advanced methods. The findings of this study can be used to better understand the uncertainties in near-real-time emissions and how such emissions could be used in the future to provide timely updates to emission datasets that are critical for modelling and monitoring applications.

Published
2023

12. Mature in Christ : the contribution of Ephesians and Colossians to constructing Christian maturity in modernity

Author

Matthews, Bradley J.

Subjects
248.4
Abstract

This thesis addresses the manner in which Christian maturity is constructed in modernity. The premise developed through the course of the study is that modern works on the nature of Christian maturity have disregarded, or even been ignorant of, the genealogy of maturity. Thus, their constructions of Christian maturity are significantly influenced by modern ideals that are, at times, at odds with ideals espoused by the biblical texts. Specifically, the Enlightenment directed the goal of human existence towards individual autonomy, and subsequent psycho-social theory has standardised the attainment of this goal according to a series of developmental stages. Whilst there are different trends in modern constructions of Christian maturity, the paradigm of developing individual autonomy is still the underlying principle of each construct. I argue that the ancient world constructed maturity in a fundamentally different manner. Human teleology referenced not only individual persons, but also a divine figure, social group, and the cosmos. Even though Ephesians and Colossians express their theology of Christian maturity in different ways, both letters present a remarkably similar construction that operates within the ancient referential framework. Christian maturity is the eschatological existence of believers, both as individuals and as the corporate community of the Church, in Christ. Moreover, within the mystery of God’s plan, the attainment of Christian maturity is the mechanism that will bring about the redemption of the entire cosmos. Thus, Ephesians and Colossians construct Christian maturity so that the teleology of the individual references the triune God, the Church and the cosmos. This reading that is based on a historical and philological exegesis of Ephesians and Colossians necessitates the hermeneutical task of determining how to re-appropriate this theology of Christian maturity in the modern world. I argue that there are three distinct features of the construction of Christian maturity when compared to other ancient constructions, namely its basis in God’s mystery, in the somatic nature of the Church, and especially in union with Christ. Whilst it is not possible to return to a pre-modern conception of human teleology, it is possible to recover these three distinct features within the modern discourse about maturity. The proposal offered demonstrates how the recovery of these distinct features provides the necessary corrective to the odern construction of Christian maturity.

Published
2009

15. The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2019

Author

Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, primary, Qiu, Chunjing, additional, McGrath, Matthew J., additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Tsuruta, Aki, additional, Brunner, Dominik, additional, Kuhnert, Matthias, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Tarasova, Oksana, additional, Regnier, Pierre, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Bastviken, David, additional, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, additional, Winiwarter, Wilfried, additional, Etiope, Giuseppe, additional, Aalto, Tuula, additional, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Ciotoli, Giancarlo, additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Crippa, Monica, additional, Dentener, Frank, additional, Groot Zwaaftink, Christine D., additional, Guizzardi, Diego, additional, Günther, Dirk, additional, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, additional, Houweling, Sander, additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Kouyate, Massaer, additional, Leip, Adrian, additional, Leppänen, Antti, additional, Lugato, Emanuele, additional, Maisonnier, Manon, additional, Manning, Alistair J., additional, Markkanen, Tiina, additional, McNorton, Joe, additional, Muntean, Marilena, additional, Oreggioni, Gabriel D., additional, Patra, Prabir K., additional, Perugini, Lucia, additional, Pison, Isabelle, additional, Raivonen, Maarit T., additional, Saunois, Marielle, additional, Segers, Arjo J., additional, Smith, Pete, additional, Solazzo, Efisio, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, Wilson, Chris, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2023
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16. Supplementary material to "Towards near-real time air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions: lessons learned from multiple estimates during the COVID-19 Pandemic"

Author

Guevara, Marc, primary, Petetin, Hervé, additional, Jorba, Oriol, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo, additional, Kuenen, Jeroen, additional, Super, Ingrid, additional, Granier, Claire, additional, Doumbia, Thierno, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Liu, Zhu, additional, Lamboll, Robin D., additional, Schindlbacher, Sabine, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, and Pérez García-Pando, Carlos, additional

Published
2023
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17. Novel Sensor Networks and Methods for Urban Greenhouse Gas Monitoring

Author

Chen, Jia, primary, Wenzel, Adrian, additional, Luther, Andreas, additional, Forstmaier, Andreas, additional, Aigner, Patrick, additional, Balamurugan, Vigneshkumar, additional, Dietrich, Florian, additional, Kühbacher, Daniel, additional, Makowski, Moritz, additional, Tang, Haoyue, additional, Zhao, Xinxu, additional, Klappenbach, Friedrich, additional, Maazallahi, Hossein, additional, Roeckmann, Thomas, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo, additional, Jones, Taylor, additional, and Matthews, Bradley, additional

Published
2023
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19. MUCCnet visiting Vienna: refining inverse model prior information with tall-tower flux measurements

Author

Luther, Andreas, primary, Forstmaier, Andreas, additional, Tang, Haoyue, additional, Bettinelli, Juan, additional, Ghaith, Gamal, additional, Aigner, Patrick, additional, Makowski, Moritz, additional, Fasano, Enrichetta, additional, Meeran, Kathiravan M., additional, Leitner, Simon, additional, Watzinger, Andrea, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, and Chen, Jia, additional

Published
2023
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22. The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990–2020

Author

McGrath, Matthew Joseph, primary, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Dentener, Frank, additional, Balkovič, Juraj, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Broquet, Gregoire, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Fortems, Audrey, additional, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Jones, Matthew, additional, Knauer, Juergen, additional, Kuhnert, Matthias, additional, Monteil, Guillaume, additional, Munassar, Saqr, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Qiu, Chunjing, additional, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, additional, Tarasova, Oksana, additional, Vizzarri, Matteo, additional, Winkler, Karina, additional, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Briggs, Peter, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Crippa, Monica, additional, Dellaert, Stijn, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A. C., additional, Filipek, Sara, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Fuchs, Richard, additional, Gauss, Michael, additional, Gerbig, Christoph, additional, Guizzardi, Diego, additional, Günther, Dirk, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Lerink, Bas, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Moulas, Géraud, additional, Muntean, Marilena, additional, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, additional, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, additional, Perugini, Lucia, additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pilli, Roberto, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Regnier, Pierre, additional, Scholze, Marko, additional, Serengil, Yusuf, additional, Smith, Pete, additional, Solazzo, Efisio, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, and Walther, Sophia, additional

Published
2023
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23. Supplementary material to "The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990–2020"

Author

McGrath, Matthew Joseph, primary, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Dentener, Frank, additional, Balkovič, Juraj, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Broquet, Gregoire, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Fortems, Audrey, additional, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Jones, Matthew, additional, Knauer, Juergen, additional, Kuhnert, Matthias, additional, Monteil, Guillaume, additional, Munassar, Saqr, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Qiu, Chunjing, additional, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, additional, Tarasova, Oksana, additional, Vizzarri, Matteo, additional, Winkler, Karina, additional, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Briggs, Peter, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Crippa, Monica, additional, Dellaert, Stijn, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo A. C., additional, Filipek, Sara, additional, Friedlingstein, Pierre, additional, Fuchs, Richard, additional, Gauss, Michael, additional, Gerbig, Christoph, additional, Guizzardi, Diego, additional, Günther, Dirk, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Lerink, Bas, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Moulas, Géraud, additional, Muntean, Marilena, additional, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, additional, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, additional, Perugini, Lucia, additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pilli, Roberto, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Regnier, Pierre, additional, Scholze, Marko, additional, Serengil, Yusuf, additional, Smith, Pete, additional, Solazzo, Efisio, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, and Walther, Sophia, additional

Published
2023
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24. The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990–2019

Author

Petrescu, Ana-Maria-Roxana, Qiu, Chunjing, McGrath, M.J., Peylin, Philippe, P. Peters, Glen, Ciais, P., Thompson, Rona L., Tsuruta, Aki, Brunner, Dominik, Kuhnert, Matthias, Matthews, Bradley, Palmer, Paul I., Tarasova, Oksana, Regnier, Pierre, Lauerwald, Ronny, Bastviken, David, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Etiope, Giuseppe, Aalto, Tuula, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Berchet, Antoine, Brockmann, Patrick, Ciotoli, Giancarlo, Conchedda, Giulia, Crippa, Monica, Dentener, Frank J., Groot Zwaaftink, Christine D., Guizzardi, Diego, Günther, Dirk, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, Houweling, Sander, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Kouyate, Massaer, Leip, Adrian, Leppänen, Antti, Lugato, Emanuele, Maisonnier, Manon, Manning, Alistair J., Markkanen, Tiina, McNorton, Joe, Muntean, Marilena, Oreggioni, Gabriel D., Patra, Prabir K., Perugini, Lucia, Pison, Isabelle, Raivonen, Maarit T., Saunois, Marielle, Segers, Arjo, Smith, Pete, Solazzo, Efisio, Tian, Hanqin, N. Tubiello, Francesco, Vesala, Timo, van der Werf, Guido, Wilson, Chris, and Zaehle, Sönke

Abstract

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and their temporal variability as well as flux attribution to natural and anthropogenic processes is essential to monitoring the progress in mitigating anthropogenic emissions under the Paris Agreement and to inform its global stocktake. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union and UK (EU27 + UK) and updates earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021). The work integrates updated emission inventory data, process-based model results, data-driven sector model results and inverse modeling estimates, and it extends the previous period of 1990–2017 to 2019. BU and TD products are compared with European national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs) reported by parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2021. Uncertainties in NGHGIs, as reported to the UNFCCC by the EU and its member states, are also included in the synthesis. Variations in estimates produced with other methods, such as atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), arise from diverse sources including within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. By comparing NGHGIs with other approaches, the activities included are a key source of bias between estimates, e.g., anthropogenic and natural fluxes, which in atmospheric inversions are sensitive to the prior geospatial distribution of emissions. For CH4 emissions, over the updated 2015–2019 period, which covers a sufficiently robust number of overlapping estimates, and most importantly the NGHGIs, the anthropogenic BU approaches are directly comparable, accounting for mean emissions of 20.5 Tg CH4 yr−1 (EDGARv6.0, last year 2018) and 18.4 Tg CH4 yr−1 (GAINS, last year 2015), close to the NGHGI estimates of 17.5±2.1 Tg CH4 yr−1. TD inversion estimates give higher emission estimates, as they also detect natural emissions. Over the same period, high-resolution regional TD inversions report a mean emission of 34 Tg CH4 yr−1. Coarser-resolution global-scale TD inversions result in emission estimates of 23 and 24 Tg CH4 yr−1 inferred from GOSAT and surface (SURF) network atmospheric measurements, respectively. The magnitude of natural peatland and mineral soil emissions from the JSBACH–HIMMELI model, natural rivers, lake and reservoir emissions, geological sources, and biomass burning together could account for the gap between NGHGI and inversions and account for 8 Tg CH4 yr−1. For N2O emissions, over the 2015–2019 period, both BU products (EDGARv6.0 and GAINS) report a mean value of anthropogenic emissions of 0.9 Tg N2O yr−1, close to the NGHGI data (0.8±55 % Tg N2O yr−1). Over the same period, the mean of TD global and regional inversions was 1.4 Tg N2O yr−1 (excluding TOMCAT, which reported no data). The TD and BU comparison method defined in this study can be operationalized for future annual updates for the calculation of CH4 and N2O budgets at the national and EU27 + UK scales. Future comparability will be enhanced with further steps involving analysis at finer temporal resolutions and estimation of emissions over intra-annual timescales, which is of great importance for CH4 and N2O, and may help identify sector contributions to divergence between prior and posterior estimates at the annual and/or inter-annual scale. Even if currently comparison between CH4 and N2O inversion estimates and NGHGIs is highly uncertain because of the large spread in the inversion results, TD inversions inferred from atmospheric observations represent the most independent data against which inventory totals can be compared. With anticipated improvements in atmospheric modeling and observations, as well as modeling of natural fluxes, TD inversions may arguably emerge as the most powerful tool for verifying emission inventories for CH4, N2O and other GHGs. The referenced datasets related to figures are visualized at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7553800 (Petrescu et al., 2023).

Published
2023

25. The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990–2020

Author

McGrath, Matthew Joseph, Petrescu, Ana-Maria-Roxana, Peylin, Philippe, Andrew, Robbie M., Matthews, Bradley, Dentener, Frank J., Balkovič, Juraj, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Becker, Meike, Broquet, Gregoire, Ciais, Philippe, Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Grassi, Giacomo, Harris, Ian, Jones, Matthew W., Knauer, Jürgen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Monteil, Guillaume, Munassar, Saqr, Palmer, Paul I., Peters, Glen P., Qiu, Chunjing, Schelhaas, Mart Jan, Tarasova, Oksana A., Vizzarri, Matteo, Winkler, Karina, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Berchet, Antoine, Briggs, Peter, Brockmann, Patrick, Chevallier, Frederic, Conchedda, Giulia, Crippa, Monica, Dellaert, Stijn, A. C. Denier Van Der Gon, Hugo, Filipek, Sara, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Fuchs, Richard, Gauss, Michael, Gerbig, Christoph, Guizzardi, Diego, Günther, Dirk, Houghton, Richard A., Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Lauerwald, Ronny, Lerink, Bas, Van Der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., Moulas, Geraud, Muntean, Marilena, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Paquirissamy, Aurélie, Perugini, Lucia, Peters, Wouter, Pilli, Roberto, Pongratz, Julia, Regnier, Pierre, Scholze, Marko, Serengil, Yusuf, Smith, Pete, Solazzo, Efisio, Thompson, Rona L., N. Tubiello, Francesco, Vesala, Timo, and Walther, Sophia

Published
2023

26. The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990-2019

Author

Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Qiu, Chunjing, McGrath, Matthew J., Peylin, Philippe, Peters, Glen P., Ciais, Philippe, Thompson, Rona L., Tsuruta, Aki, Brunner, Dominik, Kuhnert, Matthias, Matthews, Bradley, Palmer, Paul I., Tarasova, Oksana, Regnier, Pierre, Lauerwald, Ronny, Bastviken, David, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Etiope, Giuseppe, Aalto, Tuula, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Berchet, Antoine, Brockmann, Patrick, Ciotoli, Giancarlo, Conchedda, Giulia, Crippa, Monica, Dentener, Frank, Groot Zwaaftink, Christine D., Guizzardi, Diego, Günther, Dirk, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, Houweling, Sander, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Kouyate, Massaer, Leip, Adrian, Leppänen, Antti, Lugato, Emanuele, Maisonnier, Manon, Markkanen, Tiina, McNorton, Joe, Muntean, Marilena, Oreggioni, Gabriel D., Patra, Prabir K., Perugini, Lucia, Pison, Isabelle, Raivonen, Maarit T., Saunois, Marielle, Smith, Pete, Solazzo, Efisio, Tian, Hanqin, Tubiello, Francesco N., Vesala, Timo, Wilson, Chris, Zaehle, Sönke, Segers, Arjo J., and Manning, Alistair J.

Subjects
methane, nitrous oxide, european synthesis, bottom-up estimates, inversions
Abstract

This repository contains the data files used for figures, and five updated figuresfrom essd-2022-287 Title: The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990-2019 Author(s): Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Chunjing Qiu, Matthew J. McGrath, Philippe Peylin, Glen P. Peters, Philippe Ciais, Rona L. Thompson, Aki Tsuruta, Dominik Brunner, Matthias Kuhnert, Bradley Matthews, Paul I. Palmer, Oksana Tarasova, Pierre Regnier, Ronny Lauerwald, David Bastviken, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Wilfried Winiwarter, Giuseppe Etiope, Tuula Aalto, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Vladislav Bastrikov, Antoine Berchet, Patrick Brockmann, Giancarlo Ciotoli, Giulia Conchedda, Monica Crippa, Frank Dentener, Christine D. Groot Zwaaftink, Diego Guizzardi, Dirk Günther, Jean-Matthieu Haussaire, Sander Houweling, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Massaer Kouyate, Adrian Leip, Antti Leppänen, Emanuele Lugato, Manon Maisonnier, Alistair J. Manning, Tiina Markkanen, Joe McNorton, Marilena Muntean, Gabriel D. Oreggioni, Prabir K. Patra, Lucia Perugini, Isabelle Pison, Maarit T. Raivonen, Marielle Saunois, Arjo J. Segers, Pete Smith, Efisio Solazzo, Hanqin Tian, Francesco N. Tubiello, Timo Vesala, Chris W ilson, and Sönke Zaehle MS type: Review article The data and the DOI numberrefers to the updated version which include the two review comments

Published
2023

27. The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990-2020

Author

Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Qiu, Chunjing, McGrath, Matthew J., Peylin, Philippe, Peters, Glen P., Ciais, Philippe, Thompson, Rona L., Tsuruta, Aki, Brunner, Dominik, Kuhnert, Matthias, Matthews, Bradley, Palmer, Paul I., Tarasova, Oksana, Regnier, Pierre, Lauerwald, Ronny, Bastviken, David, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Etiope, Giuseppe, Aalto, Tuula, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Berchet, Antoine, Brockmann, Patrick, Ciotoli, Giancarlo, Conchedda, Giulia, Crippa, Monica, Dentener, Frank, Groot Zwaaftink, Christine D., Guizzardi, Diego, Günther, Dirk, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, Houweling, Sander, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Kouyate, Massaer, Leip, Adrian, Leppänen, Antti, Lugato, Emanuele, Maisonnier, Manon, Markkanen, Tiina, McNorton, Joe, Muntean, Marilena, Oreggioni, Gabriel D., Patra, Prabir K., Perugini, Lucia, Pison, Isabelle, Raivonen, Maarit T., Saunois, Marielle, Smith, Pete, Solazzo, Efisio, Tian, Hanqin, Tubiello, Francesco N., Vesala, Timo, Wilson, Chris, Zaehle, Sönke, Segers, Arjo J., and Manning, Alistair J.

Subjects
methane, nitrous oxide, european synthesis, bottom-up estimates, inversions
Abstract

This repository contains the data files used for the figures in essd-2022-287 Title: The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990-2020 Author(s): Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Chunjing Qiu, Matthew J. McGrath, Philippe Peylin, Glen P. Peters, Philippe Ciais, Rona L. Thompson, Aki Tsuruta, Dominik Brunner, Matthias Kuhnert, Bradley Matthews, Paul I. Palmer, Oksana Tarasova, Pierre Regnier, Ronny Lauerwald, David Bastviken, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Wilfried Winiwarter, Giuseppe Etiope, Tuula Aalto, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Vladislav Bastrikov, Antoine Berchet, Patrick Brockmann, Giancarlo Ciotoli, Giulia Conchedda, Monica Crippa, Frank Dentener, Christine D. Groot Zwaaftink, Diego Guizzardi, Dirk Günther, Jean-Matthieu Haussaire, Sander Houweling, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Massaer Kouyate, Adrian Leip, Antti Leppänen, Emanuele Lugato, Manon Maisonnier, Alistair J. Manning, Tiina Markkanen, Joe McNorton, Marilena Muntean, Gabriel D. Oreggioni, Prabir K. Patra, Lucia Perugini, Isabelle Pison, Maarit T. Raivonen, Marielle Saunois, Arjo J. Segers, Pete Smith, Efisio Solazzo, Hanqin Tian, Francesco N. Tubiello, Timo Vesala, Chris W ilson, and Sönke Zaehle MS type: Review article The data and the DOI number are subject to future updates and only refers to this initial, first submission, version of the paper.

Published
2022
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28. Supplementary material to "The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990–2020"

Author

Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, primary, Qiu, Chunjing, additional, McGrath, Matthew J., additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Tsuruta, Aki, additional, Brunner, Dominik, additional, Kuhnert, Matthias, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Tarasova, Oksana, additional, Regnier, Pierre, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Bastviken, David, additional, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, additional, Winiwarter, Wilfried, additional, Etiope, Giuseppe, additional, Aalto, Tuula, additional, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Ciotoli, Giancarlo, additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Crippa, Monica, additional, Dentener, Frank, additional, Groot Zwaaftink, Christine D., additional, Guizzardi, Diego, additional, Günther, Dirk, additional, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, additional, Houweling, Sander, additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Kouyate, Massaer, additional, Leip, Adrian, additional, Leppänen, Antti, additional, Lugato, Emanuele, additional, Maisonnier, Manon, additional, Manning, Alistair J., additional, Markkanen, Tiina, additional, McNorton, Joe, additional, Muntean, Marilena, additional, Oreggioni, Gabriel D., additional, Patra, Prabir K., additional, Perugini, Lucia, additional, Pison, Isabelle, additional, Raivonen, Maarit T., additional, Saunois, Marielle, additional, Segers, Arjo J., additional, Smith, Pete, additional, Solazzo, Efisio, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Wilson, Chris, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2022
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29. The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990–2020

Author

Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, primary, Qiu, Chunjing, additional, McGrath, Matthew J., additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Tsuruta, Aki, additional, Brunner, Dominik, additional, Kuhnert, Matthias, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Tarasova, Oksana, additional, Regnier, Pierre, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Bastviken, David, additional, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, additional, Winiwarter, Wilfried, additional, Etiope, Giuseppe, additional, Aalto, Tuula, additional, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, additional, Bastrikov, Vladislav, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Brockmann, Patrick, additional, Ciotoli, Giancarlo, additional, Conchedda, Giulia, additional, Crippa, Monica, additional, Dentener, Frank, additional, Groot Zwaaftink, Christine D., additional, Guizzardi, Diego, additional, Günther, Dirk, additional, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, additional, Houweling, Sander, additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Kouyate, Massaer, additional, Leip, Adrian, additional, Leppänen, Antti, additional, Lugato, Emanuele, additional, Maisonnier, Manon, additional, Manning, Alistair J., additional, Markkanen, Tiina, additional, McNorton, Joe, additional, Muntean, Marilena, additional, Oreggioni, Gabriel D., additional, Patra, Prabir K., additional, Perugini, Lucia, additional, Pison, Isabelle, additional, Raivonen, Maarit T., additional, Saunois, Marielle, additional, Segers, Arjo J., additional, Smith, Pete, additional, Solazzo, Efisio, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Wilson, Chris, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2022
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30. Direct observations of CO2 emission reductions due to COVID-19 lockdown across European urban districts

Author

Nicolini, Giacomo, primary, Antoniella, Gabriele, additional, Carotenuto, Federico, additional, Christen, Andreas, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Feigenwinter, Christian, additional, Gioli, Beniamino, additional, Stagakis, Stavros, additional, Velasco, Erik, additional, Vogt, Roland, additional, Ward, Helen C., additional, Barlow, Janet, additional, Chrysoulakis, Nektarios, additional, Duce, Pierpaolo, additional, Graus, Martin, additional, Helfter, Carole, additional, Heusinkveld, Bert, additional, Järvi, Leena, additional, Karl, Thomas, additional, Marras, Serena, additional, Masson, Valéry, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Meier, Fred, additional, Nemitz, Eiko, additional, Sabbatini, Simone, additional, Scherer, Dieter, additional, Schume, Helmut, additional, Sirca, Costantino, additional, Steeneveld, Gert-Jan, additional, Vagnoli, Carolina, additional, Wang, Yilong, additional, Zaldei, Alessandro, additional, Zheng, Bo, additional, and Papale, Dario, additional

Published
2022
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32. The consolidated European synthesis of 1 CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990-2020.

Author

McGrath, Matthew Joseph, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Peylin, Philippe, Andrew, Robbie M., Matthews, Bradley, Dentener, Frank, Balkovič, Juraj, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Becker, Meike, Broquet, Gregoire, Ciais, Philippe, Fortems, Audrey, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Grassi, Giacomo, Harris, Ian, Jones, Matthew, Knauer, Juergen, Kuhnert, Matthias, Monteil, Guillaume, and Munassar, Saqr

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC models, EMISSION inventories, CARBON dioxide, LAND use, GREENHOUSE gases, ATMOSPHERIC methane, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Quantification of land surface-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and their trends and uncertainties is essential for monitoring progress of the EU27+UK bloc as it strives to meet ambitious targets determined by both international agreements and internal regulation. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of fossil sources (CO2 fossil) and natural sources and sinks over land (CO2 land) using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union and United Kingdom (EU27+UK), updating earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021b). Given the wide scope of the work and the variety of approaches involved, this study aims to answer essential questions identified in the previous syntheses and understand the differences between datasets, particularly for poorly characterized fluxes from managed ecosystems. The work integrates updated emission inventory data, process-based model results, data-driven sectoral model results, and inverse modeling estimates, extending the previous period 1990-2018 to the year 2020 to the extent possible. BU and TD products are compared with European National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (NGHGIs) reported by Parties including the year 2019 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The uncertainties of the EU27+UK NGHGI were evaluated using the standard deviation reported by the EU Member States following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and harmonized by gap-filling procedures. Variation in estimates produced with other methods, such as atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), originate from within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. By comparing NGHGIs with other approaches, key sources of differences between estimates arise primarily in activities. System boundaries and emission categories create differences in CO2 fossil datasets, while different land use definitions for reporting emissions from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) activities result in differences for CO2 land. The latter has important consequences for atmospheric inversions, leading to inversions reporting stronger sinks in vegetation and soils than are reported by the NGHGI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Inverse modelling as a tool to support national greenhouse gas monitoring in Europe

Author

German, Richard, Matthews, Bradley, and Ruyssenaars, Paul

Abstract

Inverse modelling (IM) is a tool that can support national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions monitoring. Utilising atmospheric transport and chemistry models, IM frameworks constrain prior emission/flux estimates so that simulated GHG concentrations agree with respective in situ and/or remote observations of the atmosphere, with the difference providing indications on where to improve GHG inventories. Within a European setting, Switzerland and the UK have already developed national IM systems based on in situ observations and work is currently ongoing within Copernicus to develop operational IM systems utilising ground- and space-based atmospheric observations. This ETC/CME task investigated current perspectives and plans of European inventory compilers with regard to IM. Generally, inventory compilers are closely following developments in IM, with some national inventory teams exploring options to incorporate IM into their emissions monitoring systems. There are nonetheless hurdles to overcome before widespread operational implementation of IM/uptake of IM data products can be realised. Enhanced exchange between national inventory compilers and scientists working on IM is thus recommended, with EEA operating as moderator between the two communities.

Published
2021
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35. The Teacher Internship Program for Science (TIPS): A Successful Museum-School Partnership.

Author

David, Carol and Matthews, Bradley

Abstract

Reports on program effectiveness for the Teacher Internship Program for Science (TIPS), a museum-school partnership. Survey results show that significantly more TIPS teachers involved their students in various science instruction activities, and TIPS teachers rated their students higher in interest in and understanding of science. (LZ)

Published
1995

36. The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990-2020.

Author

Roxana Petrescu, Ana Maria, Chunjing Qiu, McGrath, Matthew J., Peylin, Philippe, Peters, Glen P., Ciais, Philippe, Thompson, Rona L., Tsuruta, Aki, Brunner, Dominik, Kuhnert, Matthias, Matthews, Bradley, Palmer, Paul I., Tarasova, Oksana, Regnier, Pierre, Lauerwald, Ronny, Bastviken, David, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Etiope, Giuseppe, and Aalto, Tuula

Subjects
GEOLOGICAL modeling, BIOMASS burning, PARIS Agreement (2016), EMISSION inventories, ATMOSPHERIC models, METHANE
Abstract

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the fluxes of greenhouse gases and their temporal variability as well as flux attribution to natural and anthropogenic processes is essential to monitoring the progress in mitigating anthropogenic emissions under the Paris Agreement and to inform its Global Stocktake. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union and UK (EU27+UK) and updates earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021). The work integrates updated emission inventory data, process-based model results, data-driven sector model results, inverse modelling estimates, and extends the previous period 1990-2017 to 2020. BU and TD products are compared with European National GHG Inventories (NGHGI) reported by Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2021. The uncertainties of NGHGIs were evaluated using the standard deviation obtained by varying parameters of inventory calculations, reported by the EU Member States following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and harmonized by gap-filling procedures. Variation in estimates produced with other methods, such as atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), arise from diverse sources including within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. By comparing NGHGIs with other approaches, the activities included are a key source of bias between estimates e.g. anthropogenic and natural fluxes, which, in atmospheric inversions are sensitive to the prior geospatial distribution of emissions. For CH4 emissions, over the updated 2015-2019 period, which covers a sufficiently robust number of overlapping estimates, and most importantly the NGHGIs, the anthropogenic BU approaches are directly comparable, accounting for mean emissions of 20.5 Tg CH4 yr-1 (EDGAR v6.0, last year 2018) and 18.4 Tg CH4 yr-1 (GAINS, 2015), close to the NGHGI estimates of 17.5 ± 2.1 Tg CH4 yr-1. TD inversions estimates give higher emission estimates, as they also detect natural emissions. Over the same period, high resolution regional TD inversions report a mean emission of 34 Tg CH4 yr-1. Coarser-resolution global-scale TD inversions result in emission estimates of 23 Tg CH4 yr-1 and 24 Tg CH4 yr-1 inferred from GOSAT and surface (SURF) network atmospheric measurements, respectively. The magnitude of natural peatland and mineral soils emissions from the JSBACH-HIMMELI model, natural rivers, lakes and reservoirs emissions, geological sources and biomass burning together could account for the gap between NGHGI and inversions and account for 8 Tg CH4 yr-1. For N2O emissions, over the 2015-2019 period, both BU products (EDGAR v6.0 and GAINS) report a mean value of anthropogenic emissions of 0.9 Tg N2O yr-1, close to the NGHGI data (0.8 ± 55 % Tg N2O yr-1). Over the same period, the mean of TD global and regional inversions was 1.4 Tg N2O yr-1 (excluding TOMCAT which reported no data). The TD and BU comparison method defined in this study can be 'operationalized' for future annual updates for the calculation of CH4 and N2O budgets at the national and EU27+UK scales. Future comparability will be enhanced with further steps involving analysis at finer temporal resolutions and estimation of emissions over intra-annual timescales, of great importance for CH4 and N2O, which may help identify sector contributions to divergence between prior and posterior estimates at the annual/inter-annual scale. Even if currently comparison between CH4 and N2O inversions estimates and NGHGIs is highly uncertain because of the large spread in the inversion results, TD inversions inferred from atmospheric observations represent the most independent data against which inventory totals can be compared. With anticipated improvements in atmospheric modelling and observations, as well as modelling of natural fluxes, TD inversions may arguably emerge as the most powerful tool for verifying emissions inventories for CH4, N2O and other GHGs. The referenced datasets related to figures are visualized at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6992472 (Petrescu et al., 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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37. Soil fertility relates to fungal‐mediated decomposition and organic matter turnover in a temperate mountain forest

Author

Mayer, Mathias, primary, Rewald, Boris, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Sandén, Hans, additional, Rosinger, Christoph, additional, Katzensteiner, Klaus, additional, Gorfer, Markus, additional, Berger, Harald, additional, Tallian, Claudia, additional, Berger, Torsten W., additional, and Godbold, Douglas L., additional

Published
2021
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38. Report on how EIONET and EEA can contribute to the urban in situ requirements of a future Copernicus anthropogenic CO2 observing system

Author

Matthews, Bradley, García Rodríguez, Omaira Elena, Cuevas Agulló, Emilio, Spangl, Wolfgang, and Castro Lobera, Paloma

Subjects
Climate change mitigation, Air quality, CO2, Local emissions, Greenhouse gas, Urban climate change
Abstract

This report provides a technical review of CO2 and CH4 emissions monitoring methods based on surface mixing ratio measurements, total column mixing ratio measurements and flux measurements. The review demonstrated that all these measurements would fulfil respective in situ requirements of the Copernicus CO2 MVS capacity, contributing to the validation of space observations in and around cities and/or the system’s city-scale emissions estimates. The review furthermore elaborated on the benefits to climate change mitigation monitoring in the respective cities and how these methods could be implemented to monitor local emissions. Negotiated procedure No EEA/IDM/R0/17/008. Services supporting the European Environment Agency’s (EEA) crosscutting coordination of the Copernicus In Situ Component

Published
2020

40. Downscaling fossil-fuel CO2 emissions to policy relevant scales: Current errors and biases, expected improvements, and future perspectives

Author

Oda, Tomohiro, primary, Bun, Rostyslav, additional, Román, Miguel, additional, Wang, Zhuosen, additional, Shrestha, Ranjay, additional, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Richao, Cong, additional, Saito, Makoto, additional, Nishihashi, Masahide, additional, Terao, Yukio, additional, Maksyutov, Shamil, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Anderl, Michael, additional, Ott, Lesley, additional, and Pawson, Steven, additional

Published
2020
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42. Insights into the EMEP emissions inventory dataset

Author

Schindlbacher, Sabine, primary, Brendle, Christine, additional, Mareckova, Katarina, additional, Matthews, Bradley, additional, Pinterits, Marion, additional, Tista, Melanie, additional, Ullrich, Bernhard, additional, and Wankmüller, Robert, additional

Published
2020
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43. Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components

Author

Fagerli, Hilde, Tsyro, Svetlana, Jonson, Jan Eiof, Nyíri, Ágnes, Gauss, Michael, Simpson, David, Wind, Peter, Benetictow, Anna, Klein, Heiko, Mortier, Augustin, Aas, Wenche, Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn, Solberg, Sverre, Platt, Stephen Matthew, Yttri, Karl Espen, Tørseth, Kjell, Gaisbauer, Silke, Mareckova, Katarina, Matthews, Bradley, Schindlbacher, Sabine, Sosa, Carlos, Tista, Melanie, Ullrich, Bernghard, Wankmüller, Robert, Scheuschner, Thomas, Bergström, Robert, Johanson, Lasse, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Metzger, Swen, van der Gon, Hugo A.C. Denier, Kuenen, Jeroen J.P., Visschedijk, Antoon J.H., Barregård, Lars, Molnár, Peter, and Stockfelt, Leo

Subjects
Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Abstract

This report presents the EMEP activities in 2018 and 2019 in relation to transboundary fluxes of particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components, with focus on results for 2017. It presents major results of the activities related to emission inventories, observations and modelling. The report also introduces specific relevant research activities addressing EMEP key challenges, as well as technical developments of the observation and modelling capacities.

Published
2019

45. Transboundary particulate matter, photo-oxidants, acidifying and eutrophying components

Author

Fagerli, Hilde, Tsyro, Svetlana, Jonson, Jan Eiof, Nyíri, Ágnes, Gauss, Michael, Simpson, David, Wind, Peter, Benedictow, Anna, Valdebenito, Alvaro, Klein, Heiko, Schulz, Michael, Mortier, Augustin, Aas, Wenche, Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn, Solberg, Sverre, Platt, Stephen Matthew, Yttri, Karl Espen, Rud, Richard Olav, Tørseth, Kjetil, Mareckova, Katarina, Matthews, Bradley, Tista, Melanie, Wankmüller, Robert, Posch, Maximilian, Bergström, Robert, Lazzeri, Paolo, Pandolf, Marco, Luoma, Krista, Aurela, Minna, Lenartz, Fabian, Bergmans, Benjamin, Pittavino, Sara, and Tombolato, Ivan

Subjects
Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Published
2018

50. Do Water-Limiting Conditions Predispose Norway Spruce to Bark Beetle Attack?

Author

Netherer, Sigrid, Matthews, Bradley, Katzensteiner, Klaus, Blackwell, Emma, Henschke, Patrick, Hietz, Peter, Pennerstorfer, Josef, Rosner, Sabine, Kikuta, Silvia, Schume, Helmut, and Schopf, Axel

Subjects
tree physiology, Climate, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Norway spruce (Picea abies), Trees, Ips typographus, Soil, Stress, Physiological, parasitic diseases, Animals, Forest Biology, Picea, Weather, Forest Sciences, Plant Diseases, Wood Science and Pulp, Paper Technology, Research, drought stress, fungi, defence capability, Water, Forest Management, Droughts, Coleoptera, climate change, predisposition, host acceptance, Austria, Linear Models, Plant Bark, Disease Susceptibility, Entomology
Abstract

Drought is considered to enhance susceptibility of Norway spruce (Picea abies) to infestations by the Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus, Coleoptera: Curculionidae), although empirical evidence is scarce. We studied the impact of experimentally induced drought on tree water status and constitutive resin flow, and how physiological stress affects host acceptance and resistance. We established rain-out shelters to induce both severe (two full-cover plots) and moderate (two semi-cover plots) drought stress. In total, 18 sample trees, which were divided equally between the above treatment plots and two control plots, were investigated. Infestation was controlled experimentally using a novel 'attack box' method. Treatments influenced the ratios of successful and defended attacks, but predisposition of trees to infestation appeared to be mainly driven by variations in stress status of the individual trees over time. With increasingly negative twig water potentials and decreasing resin exudation, the defence capability of the spruce trees decreased. We provide empirical evidence that water-limiting conditions impair Norway spruce resistance to bark beetle attack. Yet, at the same time our data point to reduced host acceptance by I. typographus with more extreme drought stress, indicated by strongly negative pre-dawn twig water potentials.

Published
2015
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