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Owing to the attractiveness of organic phosphonic acids and esters in the pharmacological field and in the functionalization of conductive metal-oxides, the research of effective synthetic protocols is pivotal. Among the others, ω-bromoalkylphosphonates are gaining particular attention because they are useful building blocks for the tailored functionalization of complex organic molecules. Hence, in this work, the optimization of Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction conditions for ω-bromoalkylphosphonates has been performed, to improve process sustainability while maintaining good yields. Synthesized ω-bromoalkylphosphonates have been successfully adopted for the synthesis of new KuQuinone phosphonate esters and, by hydrolysis, phosphonic acid KuQuinone derivatives have been obtained for the first time. Considering the high affinity with metal-oxides, KuQuinones bearing phosphonic acid terminal groups are promising candidates for biomedical and photo(electro)chemical applications.

Oxygen atom incorporation into organic molecules is one of the most powerful strategies to increase their pharmacological activity and to obtain valuable intermediates in organic synthesis. Traditional oxidizing agents perform very well, but their environmental impact and their low selectivity constitute significant limitations. On the contrary, visible-light-promoted oxygenations represent a sustainable method for oxidizing organic compounds, since only molecular oxygen and a photocatalyst are required. Therefore, photocatalytic oxygenation reactions exhibit very high atom-economy and eco-compatibility. This mini-review collects and analyzes the most recent literature on organo-photocatalysis applications to promote the selective oxygenation of organic substrates. In particular, acridinium salts, Eosin Y, Rose Bengal, cyano-arenes, flavinium salts, and quinone-based dyes are widely used as photocatalysts in several organic transformations as the oxygenations of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, amines, phosphines, silanes, and thioethers. In this context, organo-photocatalysts proved to be highly efficient in catalytic terms, showing similar or even superior performances with respect to their metal-based counterparts, while maintaining a low environmental impact. In addition, given the mild reaction conditions, visible-light-promoted photo-oxygenation processes often display remarkable selectivity, which is a striking feature for the late-stage functionalization of complex organic molecules.

Abstract Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have gained increasing attention for large‐scale storage due to the advantages of decoupled energy and power, safe and sustainable chemistry, and tunability of the redox‐active species. Here, we report the development of a neutral‐pH AORFB assembled with a highly water‐soluble ferrocene 1,1‐disulfonic disodium salt (DS−Fc) and two viologen derivatives, 1,1’‐bis(3‐sulfonatopropyl)‐viologen (BSP−Vi) and Bis(3‐trimethylammonium)propyl viologen tetrachloride (BTMAP−Vi). Synthesized electrolytes showed excellent redox potential, good diffusion coefficient, and a good transfer rate constant. In particular, BSP−Vi has a more negative redox potential (‐0.4 V) than BTMAP−Vi (−0.3 V) and faster kinetics; therefore, it was selected to be assembled in an AORFB as anolyte, coupled with DS−Fc as catholyte.The resulting AORFB based on BTMAP−Vi/DS−Fc and BSP−Vi/DS−Fc redox couple had a high cell voltage (1.2 V and 1.3 V, respectively) and theoretical energy density (13 WhL−1 and 14 WhL−1 respectively) and was able to sustain 70 charge‐discharge cycles with energy efficiency as high as 97 %.