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Software reference implementations of ICT standards have an important role for verifying that a standard is implementable, supporting interoperability testing among other implementations, and providing feedback to the standard development process. Providing reference implementations and widely used implementations of a standard as Open Source Software promotes wide deployment in software systems, interoperability, longevity of systems and associated digital assets, and avoidance of different lock-in effects. In this paper results are reported on the availability of, and perceptions and practices concerning, reference implementations and widely deployed implementations provided as Open Source Software for standards issued by different standards setting organisations. Specifically, findings draw from observations and analyses related to software implementations for identified standards and policy statements, issued by ETSI, IEC, IEEE, IETF, ISO, ITU-T, OASIS, and W3C., CC BY 4.0 DEEDCorresponding author: jonas.gamalielsson@his.seThis research has been financially supported by the Swedish Knowledge Foundation (KK-stiftelsen) and participating partner organisations in the SUDO project.

The importance of standards, and especially ICT standards, in the IoT domain is widely recognised. Implementations of standard specifications provided as Open Source Software (OSS) promote interoperability and longevity of systems and create conditions for avoiding lock-in, and industrial involvement is important since it can affect community dynamics and will to contribute. The overarching goal of this study is to characterize the industrial leadership and involvement in the LwM2M (Lightweight machine to machine) ecosystem. Specifically, the main focus of the study is on involvement with OSS projects implementing LwM2M elements by individuals who cooperate in projects that implement or use the LwM2M standard in their projects. This can be done by analyzing the commits to the git repository, the bugs issued and commented in the bug-tracking system and the pull requests performed in the project. Techniques will be applied to merge authors using different identities (i.e., different e-mail addresses). By means of identifying the affiliation of those individuals we plan to analyze the involvement of companies in those projects, and thus how they are present in an IoT standard, in this case LwM2M., CC BY 4.0This research has been financially supported by the Swedish Knowledge Foundation (KK-stiftelsen) and participating partner organizations in the SUDO project. The authors are grateful for the stimulating collaboration and support from colleagues and partner organizations., SUstainable Digitalisation through strategic involvement with Open source projects implementing IT standards in different domains (SUDO)

Technological progress poses unique challenges for the public sector. New technology should be adopted, but it must always be done within the framework of good administration. It follows laws governing public administration must be continuously adapted. Sweden recently amended its secrecy legislation to facilitate the use of third-party cloud solutions by public authorities. When the amendment was enacted, most public sector organisations had already been using external cloud solutions for a long time. Today, there is as much pressure on authorities to implement AI technology as there ever was to move administration into the cloud. This paper uses traditional legal methodology to investigate if the Swedish secrecy legislation adequately enables the use of cloud-based GenAI solutions. Findings indicate that the recent amendment is likely insufficient and that there are significant practical hurdles for the application of the law, particularly with services from global cloud providers. The paper contributes to the understanding of Swedish law, and of the difficulties that can occur anywhere when policy makers and legislators do not move in tandem., This research has been financially supported by the Swedish Knowledge Foundation (KK-stiftelsen) and participating partner organisations in the SUDO project. The authors are grateful for the stimulating collaboration and support from colleagues and partner organisations., SUDO

En serie olika verktyg för användning vid improviserande av andrastämmor (stämspel) vid samspel av svensk traditionell folkmusik presenterades till, och provades av, en grupp spelmän både med och utan tidigare erfarenhet av improviserat stämspel. En central förutsättning i studien var att stämspelsverktygen skulle kunna förstås och användas utan tidigare kunskap i musikteori och/eller harmonilära. Studiens gestaltande del genomfördes i form av fyra workshops där deltagarna samlades i grupp och gemensamt förevisades stämspelsverktygen och i gruppspel fick prova dessa. Gruppens deltagare fick sedan i enkätform reflektera över, och subjektivt bedöma, de olika verktygen. Enligt föreliggande studie så utgjorde tidigare erfarenhet av stämspel den starkaste bidragande faktorn till stämspelsverktygens förståelse. Dock var skillnaden mellan de med teoretiska kunskaper och de utan sådan kunskap liten, om ens påvisbar, avseende förståelsen av verktygen. Medvetenheten kring stämspel, både stämspel generellt och det egna stämspelet, ökade hos de deltagande spelmännen,vilket är viktigt för att vidareutveckla det egna stämspelet på sikt, även om inte alla stämspelsverktygen genast kunde användas fullt ut utan ytterligare övning. Studien stödjer antagandet att gott stämspel inte kräver djupare kunskaper i musikteori och harmonilära.

Software reference implementations of ICT standards have an important role for verifying that a standard is implementable, supporting interoperability testing among other implementations, and providing feedback to the standard development process. Providing reference implementations and widely used implementations of a standard as Open Source Software also promotes wide deployment in software systems, avoidance of different lock-in effects, interoperability, and longevity of systems and associated digital assets. In this paper results are reported on the availability of reference implementations and widely deployed implementations provided as Open Source Software for standards issued by different standards setting organisations. Specifically, findings draw from observations and analyses related to software implementations for identified standards issued by ETSI, IEC, IEEE, IETF, ISO, ITU-T, OASIS, and W3C.

Open hardware and open source software platforms bring benefits to both implementers and users in the form of system adaptability and maintainability, and through the avoidance of lock-in, for example. Development of the \riscv\ Instruction Set Architecture and processors during the last ten years has made the implementation of a desktop computer using open hardware, including open processors, and open source software an approaching possibility. We use the SiFive Unmatched development board and Ubuntu Linux, and the recorded experiences of system builders using the Unmatched board to explore the extent to which it is possible to create an open desktop computer. The work identifies current limitations to implementing an open computer system, which lie mainly at the interface between the operating system and hardware components. Potential solutions to the challenges uncovered are proposed, including greater consideration of openness during the early stages of product design. A further contribution is made by an account of the synergies arising from open collaboration in a private-collective innovation process., CC BY 4.0

Open source software (OSS) and open standards have become increasingly important for addressing challenges related to lock-in, interoperability and long-term maintenance of systems and associated digital assets. OSS projects operate under different conditions and many projects and organisations consider successful governance and strategic involvement with projects to constitute major challenges. Today, many companies seek to establish work practices which facilitate strategic engagement with OSS projects. Based on findings from collaborative research which draws from rich insights and extensive experiences from practice, the paper presents seven actionable strategies for organisations that seek to leverage long-term involvement with OSS projects., CC BY 4.0Tidigare titel: Effective Organizational Strategies for Use of Open Source Software and Open Standards in Organizational Contexts

Context: Data on long-term safety of growth hormone (GH) replacement in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) are needed. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the safety of GH in the full KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database) cohort. Methods: The worldwide, observational KIMS study included adults and adolescents with confirmed GHD. Patients were treated with GH (Genotropin [somatropin]; Pfizer, NY) and followed through routine clinical practice. Adverse events (AEs) and clinical characteristics (eg, lipid profile, glucose) were collected. Results: A cohort of 15 809 GH-treated patients were analyzed (mean follow-up of 5.3 years). AEs were reported in 51.2% of patients (treatment-related in 18.8%). Crude AE rate was higher in patients who were older, had GHD due to pituitary/hypothalamic tumors, or adult-onset GHD. AE rate analysis adjusted for age, gender, etiology, and follow-up time showed no correlation with GH dose. A total of 606 deaths (3.8%) were reported (146 by neoplasms, 71 by cardiac/vascular disorders, 48 by cerebrovascular disorders). Overall, de novo cancer incidence was comparable to that in the general population (standard incidence ratio 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83-1.01). De novo cancer risk was significantly lower in patients with idiopathic/congenital GHD (0.64; 0.43-0.91), but similar in those with pituitary/hypothalamic tumors or other etiologies versus the general population. Neither adult-onset nor childhood-onset GHD was associated with increased de novo cancer risks. Neutral effects were observed in lipids/fasting blood glucose levels. Conclusion: These final KIMS cohort data support the safety of long-term GH replacement in adults with GHD as prescribed in routine clinical practice.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of growth hormone (GH) replacement treatment in adult patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and GH deficiency (GHD) enrolled in KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database). Patients and methods: Patients with LCH and GHD were studied at baseline and some of them after 1 year of GH treatment. The effectiveness of GH is presented as change after 1 year of treatment (mean, 95% CI). The LCH population was compared to two other groups of patients enrolled in KIMS, granulomatous and lymphocytic hypophysitis. Results: At baseline, 81 adults with LCH (27 with childhood onset, 56% females), mean age at GHD onset of 29 (15) years were studied. Diabetes insipidus was diagnosed in 86% of patients. Analysis of 1 year of GH treatment was possible in 37 patients. One-year cross-sectional values for the GH dose were 0.39 (S.D. ± 0.21) mg and -0.5 (-1.2 to 0.2) for insulin-like growth factor-1 S.D. Total cholesterol decreased 0.9 (-1.5 to -0.3 (mmol/L); P < 0.05); AGHDA-QoLscore (n = 20) was improved by 2.8 points (-5.6 to 0.0; P < 0.05), while mean BMI increased 0.6 ± 3 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.2 to 1.4). All these effects did not differ from the two other groups after adjusting for age, gender, and baseline values. In 20 of 77 patients included in the safety analysis, 36 serious adverse events were reported during 435 patient-years (82.8/1000); no new safety signals were reported. Conclusion: After 1 year of GH treatment in patients with LCH, metabolic variables and quality of life improved, with no new safety signals.

Real-time communication (RTC) technologies for the web provide opportunities for individuals and organisations to work and collaborate remotely, and the need for such technologies has recently increased. Use of RTC technologies and tools for the web involves a number of challenges concerning data privacy and lock-in effects, such as dependency to specific suppliers and proprietary technologies. Use of open standards for RTC and open source software (OSS) implementing such standards can create conditions for avoiding issues related to data privacy and lock-in, and thereby provides opportunities for long-term sustainable solutions. The paper characterises how engagement with standardisation of WebRTC in the context of IETF and W3C is related to engagement with the WebRTC OSS project.

Web analytics technologies provide opportunities for organisations to obtain information about users visiting their websites in order to understand and optimise web usage. Use of such technologies often leads to issues related to data privacy and potential lock-in to specific suppliers and proprietary technologies. Use of open source software (OSS) for web analytics can create conditions for avoiding issues related to data privacy and lock-in, and thereby provides opportunities for a long-term sustainable solution for organisations both in the public and private sectors. This paper characterises use of and engagement with OSS projects for web analytics. Specifically, we contribute a characterisation of use of OSS licensed web analytics technologies in Swedish government authorities, and a characterisation of organisational engagement with the Matomo OSS project for web analytics., CC BY 3.0