Search

Hierarchy of triterpane, sterane, naphthalene and phenanthrene maturation parameters in oil-source rock correlations (Drinno depression, southeastern part of the Pannonian Basin, Serbia and Montenegro) was evaluated. Different triterpane and sterane parameters were found to be very similar in all investigated samples. Phenanthrene and naphthalene maturation parameters demonstrated much less uniformity, and thus higher applicability. In order to establish a detailed hierarchy of these maturation parameters, the factor analysis was used. Parameters based on isomerization reactions (alpha - gt beta) of methylnaphthatenes and methylphenanthrenes, having high loadings, defined the statistically most significant factor 1. Parameters based on dealkylation processes of dimethyl- and trimethylphenanthrenes into methylphenanthrenes, having extremely high loadings values, determined factor 2. In the last significant, factor 3, high loadings were observed with triterpane and sterane parameters. The factor analysis involving just the phenanthrene and naphthalene isomerization parameters, classified methylphenanthrene isomerization parameters into factor 1. Among the naphthalene isomerization maturation parameters a certain hierarchy was also observed, which depended on whether the parameters represented isomer ratios which differed on the position of one or two alkyl groups. General conclusion based on factor analysis is in agreement with theoretical presumptions concerning the transformations of phenanthrene and naphthalene isomers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-12-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_fam_dr_botfca.pdf: 1972009 bytes, checksum: 0dcccdfed704fff416f6b751d389c3ff (MD5) A compostagem é uma alternativa reconhecidamente viável para o aproveitamento racional de resíduos. Todavia, ainda são necessárias pesquisas mais aprofundadas para a melhoria da eficiência deste processo, o que levaria à produção de compostos de maior qualidade, assim como o fornecimento de nutrientes como condicionadores de solo. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a qualidade de compostos produzidos a partir de combinações de resíduos do processamento de plantas medicinais com esterco bovino e verificar o potencial agronômico dos materiais resultantes na produção da alface. Em uma primeira etapa foram utilizados quatro resíduos do processamento de plantas medicinais: 1) Unha-de-gato (Uncaria tomentosa); 2) Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus Purshianus); 3) Ipê roxo (Tabebuia impetiginosa) e 4) Boldo (Phaemus boldus), a partir dos quais produziram-se quatro compostos de composição distinta. A amostragem para determinação de parâmetros de maturação (pH, condutividade elétrica, teores de amônio e nitrato, fracionamento da matéria orgânica, macronutrientes, carbono total. relação C/N e testes de germinação) foi feita aos 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de compostagem. A temperatura, entretanto, foi medida diariamente apenas até aos 90 dias. Na segunda etapa, buscando avaliar o potencial agronômico dos compostos sobre a produção da alface (Lactuca sativa), cultivar crespa Verônica, bem como o efeito residual dos materiais compostados instalaram-se experimentos em vasos com dois cultivos consecutivos. Nestes experimentos, constaram os seguintes tratamentos: composto 1 (C1) (Unha-de-gato), composto 2 (C2) (Cascara Sagrada), composto 3 (C3) (Ipê roxo), composto (4) (C4) mistura dos materiais nas doses 30, 60, 90 e 120t/ha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o DIC em esquema fatorial (4 compostos x 4 doses) com 4 repetições e um tratamento testemunha... Composting is a recognized viable alternative to make good use of residues. However, more accurate studies are required to improve the efficiency of the composting process, producing composts with better quality, supplying nutrients to soil and acting as a soil conditioning. This work aimed to evaluate composts quality produced by combination of residues obtained from medicinal plants industrial processing and bovine manure, verifying the agronomic potential of these obtained composts in lettuce production. In a first step, it was used four residues from medicinal plants industrial processing: 1) Unha-de-gato (Uncaria tomentosa); 2) Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus Purshianus); 3) Ipê roxo (Tabebuia impetiginosa) e 4) Boldo (Phaemus boldus), which produced four organic composts with distinct composition. The sampling to determine maturation parameters (pH, electric conductivity, ammonium and nitrate, organic matter fractionation, macronutrients, total carbon, C/N relation and germination tests) was made at zero, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after composting beggining. Temperature was daily verified until 90 days. In a second step, aiming to evaluate the agronomic potential of the composts in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production,as well the residual effect of these composts in soil. In these cultivation, it was followed the treatments: compost 1 (C1) (Unha-de-gato), compost 2 (C2) (Cascara Sagrada), compost 3 (C3) (Ipê roxo), compost (4) (Boldo) and compost 5 (C5) (mix of residues) in doses of 30, 60, 90 e 120 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design, ordered in factorial arrangement (4 composts x 4 doses) with 4 replication and a without N mineral...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The factor analysis, used in this work for the interpretation of maturation parameters observed in an exploration study of a group of surface sediments of diverse age originating from different localities in Serbia, resulted in two significant factors. Factor 1 involved parameters related mainly to maturation changes within the aliphatic chains of the organic matter and factor 2 involved parameters based mainly on changes in the terpane and sterane rings. A statistically significant inversely proportional linear dependence between factors 1 and 2 was observed with older, in contrast to younger sediments, suggesting that the reactions of the aliphatic chains in the older sediments did not occur simultaneously with the reactions in the rings and, also, that the older surface sediments examined in this study may be characterized by a degree of thermal maturity corresponding to changes in the biomarker sterane and terpane rings, while the younger sediments by intensive changes in the aliphatic chains. U ovom radu faktorska analiza je primenjena za interpretaciju osam maturacionih parametara izračunatih u okviru eksploracionog istraživanja trinaest uzoraka površinskih sedimenata različite starosti, uzetih sa različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji. Analizom su utvrđena dva značajna faktora. Faktor 1 je obuhvatio parametre zasnovane pretežno na maturacionim promenama alifatičnih nizova, a faktor 2 parametre zasnovane uglavnom na promenama u terpanskim i steranskim prstenovima. Statistički značajna, obrnuto proporcionalna, linearna zavisnost između faktora 1 i 2 utvrđena je kod starijih, za razliku od mlađih sedimenata.Na osnovu toga pretpostavljeno je da se kod starih sedimenata reakcije u alifatičnom nizu i prstenu nisu odigravale istovremeno, i takođe, da se stariji sedimenti ispitivani u ovom radu mogu okarakterisati stepenom termičke zrelosti koji odgovara promenama u biomarkerskim steranskim i terpanskim prstenovima, a mlađi intenzivnim promenama u alifatičnim nizovima.

GC-MS was applied in order to determine the effects of biodegradation on steranes and terpanes in crude oils. Sterane and tcrpane maturation parameters were correlated in 36 crude oils, biodegraded to various degrees (28 samples originate from the SE part of the Pannonian Basin, Yugoslavia, and X samples were obtained from the oil fields of Eastern Russia). The absence of any correlation between terpane maturation parameters indicated that terpane isomers are highly altered during biodegradation. On the other hand, satisfactory correlation between sterane parameters indicated that their abundance and distribution is less affected by microbial activity, and it can be concluded that sterane parameters represent more reliable maturation parameters.

Several crude oils from the southeastern Yugoslav part of the Pannonian Basin are correlated for the first time on the basis of many bulk and specific parameters. The investigations involved 15 oils from oil-gas fields A and B and oil field C from the Banat depression and oil field D from South Backa depression, and four oils from recently discovered oil shows E (the Kostolac depression). On the basis of structural group analysis and other bulk parameters such as API gravity, contents of asphaltenes and sulfur, as well as content of n-alkanes and pristane to phytane ratio, the examined oils are classified into four groups. However, the distributions and relative abundances of n-alkanes, isoprenoids (C19, C20), steranes, tricyclic terpanes and pentacyclic triterpanes, obtained by capillary GC and computerized GC-MS analysis, suggest classification of the examined oils into only two genetic types: A–D and E1–E4. The oils are of relatively high maturity. They are not biodegraded, except for both oils from field D and the oil A9.