26 results on '"Mauro Bonfanti"'
Search Results
2. Measuring the Robustness of Optimal Design Solutions for Wave Energy Converters via a Stochastic Approach
- Author
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Filippo Giorcelli, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giuseppe Giorgi, Nicolás Faedo, Mauro Bonfanti, Jacopo Ramello, Ermanno Giorcelli, and Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Subjects
wave energy converter ,robustness quantification ,uncertainty ,surrogate model ,Gaussian process regression ,robust design optimization ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Among the challenges generated by the global climate crisis, a significant concern is the constant increase in energy demand. This leads to the need to ensure that any novel energy systems are not only renewable but also reliable in their performance. A viable solution to increase the available renewable energy mix involves tapping into the potential available in ocean waves and harvesting it via so-called wave energy converters (WECs). In this context, a relevant engineering problem relates to finding WEC design solutions that are not only optimal in terms of energy extraction but also exhibit robust behavior in spite of the harsh marine environment. Indeed, the vast majority of design optimization studies available in the state-of-the-art consider only perfect knowledge of nominal (idealized) conditions, neglecting the impact of uncertainties. This study aims to investigate the information that different robustness metrics can provide to designers regarding optimal WEC design solutions under uncertainty. The applied methodology is based on stochastic uncertainty propagation via a Monte Carlo simulation, exploiting a meta-model to reduce the computational burden. The analysis is conducted over a dataset obtained with a genetic algorithm-based optimization process for nominal WEC design. The results reveal a significant deviation in terms of robustness between the nominal Pareto set and those generated by setting different thresholds for robustness metrics, as well as between devices belonging to the same nominal Pareto frontier. This study elucidates the intrinsic need for incorporating robust optimization processes in WEC design.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Improving Computational Efficiency in WEC Design: Spectral-Domain Modelling in Techno-Economic Optimization
- Author
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Mauro Bonfanti and Giuseppe Giorgi
- Subjects
genetic algorithm ,optimal design ,spectral-domain model ,hydraulic PTO ,techno-economic optimization ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Wave energy converter (WEC) optimization often underlines incremental and iterative approaches that result in suboptimal solutions, since all the elements that concur with a techno-economical evaluation are optimized separately due to computation constraints. A design process should rely on precise WEC models to ensure high result accuracy while minimizing the computational demand. These conflicting objectives can be addressed with non-linear time-domain models, known to be numerically accurate, and frequency-domain models due to their high computational efficiency. This work pursues the development of an all-encompassing optimization tool for a gyroscopic-type WEC called ISWEC that applies a new modelling technique named spectral-domain technique as a substitution to the complex time-domain model previously employed. In particular, the spectral-domain technique provides accurate and fast performance predictions of the ISWEC system and offers the possibility to model a hydraulic power take-off, not representable in the frequency domain. The article illustrates techno-economic trends associated with an early-stage design of the ISWEC in high-energy sea-sites, where the low-speed and high-torque profiles call for the use of hydraulic transmissions as opposed to the old electro-mechanical transmissions. The design tool proposed could facilitate the development of WEC technologies via efficient and accurate power assessment and via the possibility of carrying out advanced techno-economic optimisation that goes beyond linear models.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Real-Time Wave Excitation Forces Estimation: An Application on the ISWEC Device
- Author
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Mauro Bonfanti, Andrew Hillis, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Panagiotis Dafnakis, Giovanni Bracco, Giuliana Mattiazzo, and Andrew Plummer
- Subjects
Kalman Filter ,Neural Network ,wave excitation forces ,estimation ,Optimal Control ,Wave Energy Converter ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Optimal control strategies represent a widespread solution to increase the extracted energy of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC). The aim is to bring the WEC into resonance enhancing the produced power without compromising its reliability and durability. Most of the control algorithms proposed in literature require for the knowledge of the Wave Excitation Force (WEF) generated from the incoming wave field. In practice, WEFs are unknown, and an estimate must be used. This paper investigates the WEF estimation of a non-linear WEC. A model-based and a model-free approach are proposed. First, a Kalman Filter (KF) is implemented considering the WEC linear model and the WEF modelled as an unknown state to be estimated. Second, a feedforward Neural Network (NN) is applied to map the WEC dynamics to the WEF by training the network through a supervised learning algorithm. Both methods are tested for a wide range of irregular sea-states showing promising results in terms of estimation accuracy. Sensitivity and robustness analyses are performed to investigate the estimation error in presence of un-modelled phenomena, model errors and measurement noise.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Techno-Economic Optimisation for a Wave Energy Converter via Genetic Algorithm
- Author
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Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Ludovico Foglietta, Giuseppe Giorgi, Mauro Bonfanti, Giulia Cervelli, Giovanni Bracco, and Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Subjects
wave energy ,wave energy converter ,PeWEC ,techno-economic optimisation ,genetic algorithm ,cost of energy ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Although sea and ocean waves have been widely acknowledged to have the potential of providing sustainable and renewable energy, the emergence of a self-sufficient and mature industry is still lacking. An essential condition for reaching economic viability is to minimise the cost of electricity, as opposed to simply maximising the converted energy at the early design stages. One of the tools empowering developers to follow such a virtuous design pathway is the techno-economic optimisation. The purpose of this paper is to perform a holistic optimisation of the PeWEC (pendulum wave energy converter), which is a pitching platform converting energy from the oscillation of a pendulum contained in a sealed hull. Optimised parameters comprise shape; dimensions; mass properties and ballast; power take-off control torque and constraints; number and characteristics of the pendulum; and other subcomponents. Cost functions are included and the objective function is the ratio between the delivered power and the capital expenditure. Due to its ability to effectively deal with a large multi-dimensional design space, a genetic algorithm is implemented, with a specific modification to handle unfeasible design candidate and improve convergence. Results show that the device minimising the cost of energy and the one maximising the capture width ratio are substantially different, so the economically-oriented metric should be preferred.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Analysis of a Gyroscopic-Stabilized Floating Offshore Hybrid Wind-Wave Platform
- Author
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Beatrice Fenu, Valentino Attanasio, Pietro Casalone, Riccardo Novo, Giulia Cervelli, Mauro Bonfanti, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giovanni Bracco, and Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Subjects
wind energy ,wave energy ,gyroscope ,floating platform ,hydrodynamics ,marine renewable ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
The energy innovation scenario sees hybrid wind-wave platforms as a promising technology for reducing the variability of the power output and for the minimization of the cost of offshore marine renewable installations. This article presents a model that describes the installation of a 5 MW wind turbine on a floating platform designed by Fincantieri and equipped with gyroscopic stabilization. The use of gyros allows for the delivery of platform stabilization by damping the wave and wind induced motion on the floater and at the same time producing extra power. Shetland Island was chosen as the reference site because of its particularly harsh weather. Final results show that the total production of power in moderate and medium climate conditions is considerable thanks to the installation of the gyro, together with a significant stabilization of the platform in terms of pitching angle and nacelle acceleration.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Experimental Investigation of the Mooring System of a Wave Energy Converter in Operating and Extreme Wave Conditions
- Author
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Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Mauro Bonfanti, Ermina Begovic, Carlo Bertorello, Panagiotis Dafnakis, Giuseppe Giorgi, Giovanni Bracco, and Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Subjects
mooring system ,wave energy converter ,experimental campaign ,floating wec mooring design ,operating conditions ,extreme conditions ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
A proper design of the mooring systems for Wave Energy Converters (WECs) requires an accurate investigation of both operating and extreme wave conditions. A careful analysis of these systems is required to design a mooring configuration that ensures station keeping, reliability, maintainability, and low costs, without affecting the WEC dynamics. In this context, an experimental campaign on a 1:20 scaled prototype of the ISWEC (Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter), focusing on the influence of the mooring layout on loads in extreme wave conditions, is presented and discussed. Two mooring configurations composed of multiple slack catenaries with sub-surface buoys, with or without clump-weights, have been designed and investigated experimentally. Tests in regular, irregular, and extreme waves for a moored model of the ISWEC device have been performed at the University of Naples Federico II. The aim is to identify a mooring solution that could guarantee both correct operation of the device and load carrying in extreme sea conditions. Pitch motion and loads in the rotational joint have been considered as indicators of the device hydrodynamic behavior and mooring configuration impact on the WEC.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Numerical and Experimental Identification of the Aerodynamic Power Losses of the ISWEC
- Author
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Antonello Sergej Sirigu, Federico Gallizio, Giuseppe Giorgi, Mauro Bonfanti, Giovanni Bracco, and Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Subjects
iswec ,inertial sea wave energy converter ,wave energy ,flywheel ,gyroscope ,aerodynamic losses ,numerical modelling ,experimental testing ,identification ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
The wave energy sector is experiencing lively years of conceptual innovation and technological advances. Among the great variety of candidates, only a few are going to be able to reach maturity and, eventually, industrial feasibility and competitiveness. The essential requisite for success is the continuous innovation in response to the incremental experience gained during the design and prototyping stages. In particular, the ability to generate detailed mathematical models, representative of every phenomenon involved in the system, is crucial for informing the design and control stages, allowing to maximize productivity while minimizing costs, and inspiring technological breakthrough and innovation. This papers considers the case of the ISWEC (Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter), where a technological leap is tightly linked with the modelling of aerodynamic losses around its spinning flywheel, the core of the energy conversion chain. Two mathematical models of increasing complexity are considered, one semi-empiric and one based on computational fluid dynamics, which are successfully validated against experimental data. Such models are used to quantify the benefits of a technological innovation consisting of enclosing the flywheel in a sealed container, allowing pressure regulation to reduce aerodynamic friction. Compared to the free configuration, power losses with the enclosed configuration are about half already at atmospheric pressure, and about one third at half the atmospheric pressure.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Experimental Investigation of a Multi-Owc Wind Turbine Floating Platform
- Author
-
Beatrice Fenu, Mauro Bonfanti, Andrea Bardazzi, Alessia Lucarelli, and Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Published
- 2023
10. Spectral-domain modelling of a non-linear wave energy converter: Analytical derivation and computational experiments
- Author
-
Mauro Bonfanti and Sergej Antonello Sirigu
- Subjects
Control and Systems Engineering ,Mechanical Engineering ,Signal Processing ,Aerospace Engineering ,Computer Science Applications ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Published
- 2023
11. A Multi-objective Heuristic Approach for 3D Hydrofoil Design
- Author
-
Pietro Casalone and Mauro Bonfanti
- Published
- 2022
12. Study of U-shaped sloshing tanks to tune Wave Energy Converters through high-fidelity CFD simulations as geometry changes
- Author
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Marco Fontana, Sergej A. Sirigu, and Mauro Bonfanti
- Published
- 2022
13. Fast nonlinear Froude–Krylov force calculation for prismatic floating platforms: a wave energy conversion application case
- Author
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Giovanni Bracco, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giuseppe Giorgi, Giuliana Mattiazzo, and Mauro Bonfanti
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Discretization ,Mathematical model ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Computation ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Nonlinear Froude–Krylov force ,Froude–Krylov force ,Floating platforms ,Nonlinear hydrodynamics ,Wave energy converter ,Nonlinear system ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Orders of magnitude (time) ,Control theory ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Energy transformation ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Computationally fast and accurate mathematical models are essential for effective design, optimization, and control of wave energy converters. However, the energy-maximising control strategy, essential for reaching economic viability, inevitably leads to the violation of linearising assumptions, so the common linear models become unreliable and potentially unrealistic. Partially nonlinear models based on the computation of Froude–Krylov forces with respect to the instantaneous wetted surface are promising and popular alternatives, but they are still too slow when floaters of arbitrary complexity are considered; in fact, mesh-based spatial discretisation, required by such geometries, becomes the computational bottle-neck, leading to simulations 2 orders of magnitude slower than real-time, unaffordable for extensive iterative optimizations. This paper proposes an alternative analytical approach for the subset of prismatic floating platforms, common in the wave energy field, ensuring computations 2 orders of magnitude faster than real-time, hence 4 orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art mesh-based approaches. The nonlinear Froude–Krylov model is used to investigate the nonlinear hydrodynamics of the floater of a pitching wave energy converter, extracting energy either from pitch or from an inertially coupled internal degree of freedom, especially highlighting the impact of state constraints, controlled/uncontrolled conditions, and impact on control parameters’ optimization, sensitivity and effectiveness.
- Published
- 2021
14. Non-linear Frequency Domain Modelling of a Wave Energy Harvester
- Author
-
Mauro Bonfanti and Giovanni Bracco
- Published
- 2022
15. Wave Energy Converter Optimal Design Under Parameter Uncertainty
- Author
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Filippo Giorcelli, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Edoardo Pasta, Daniele Giovanni Gioia, Mauro Bonfanti, and Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Subjects
Optimal design ,Optimization ,Wave energy ,Uncertainty - Abstract
In the field of renewable technologies, the possibility to obtain energy exploiting seas and oceans’ wave motion has been known for a long time. Devices that transform wave energy into electric energy exploiting wave motion are called Wave Energy Converters (WEC). Following the design studies carried out in recent years, the research now proceeds towards the development of useful processes for the optimization of these devices. In this work we develop a preliminary robust optimal design process for the WEC system devices, in order to increase their reliability and robustness. Robust optimal design is a probabilistic optimization method for realistic optimization problems, in which, the uncertainty that occurs between real-world implementations and their ideal project value is taken into account. This method studies these parameters and finds suitable solutions to avoid unsatisfactory system performances and designs which can compromise their performances. Therefore, the process final purpose is to obtain a robust optimum instead of a global optimum. In this work, we developed the robust design optimization strategy for the design of a pitching wave energy converter, able to minimize its Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE). This is done exploiting information given by two selected robustness indexes.
- Published
- 2022
16. ISWEC Approaching the Spectral-Domain: Modelling and Numerical Experiments
- Author
-
Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giuliana Mattiazzo, and Mauro Bonfanti
- Subjects
Work (thermodynamics) ,Computer simulation ,Computer science ,Control theory ,Energy converter ,law ,Hull ,Spectral domain ,Gyroscope ,Focus (optics) ,Wave simulation ,law.invention - Abstract
Numerical models are essential in all the development stages of a Wave Energy Converter. The results accuracy, the capacity to model the (main) WEC non-linearities and the computational burden associated to a numerical simulation make up the focus of many academic researchers. This paper pursues the development of a spectral-domain model of a gyroscopic wave energy converter, called ISWEC, equipped with a hydraulic PTO system. Due to its ability to model the ISWEC non-linearities and the low computational time required for a single wave simulation, the spectral-domain model represents a valid solution to perform the design of the ISWEC system, at least to accomplish its first draft in which million of single wave simulation are required. The major outcomes of this work are the detailed derivation of the spectral-domain model together with a first evaluation of the model accuracy and computational effort required.
- Published
- 2021
17. Improving Computational Efficiency in WEC Design: Spectral-Domain Modelling in Techno-Economic Optimization
- Author
-
Giuseppe Giorgi and MAURO BONFANTI
- Subjects
techno-economic optimization ,genetic algorithm ,hydraulic PTO ,Ocean Engineering ,optimal design ,spectral-domain model ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Wave energy converter (WEC) optimization often underlines incremental and iterative approaches that result in suboptimal solutions, since all the elements that concur with a techno-economical evaluation are optimized separately due to computation constraints. A design process should rely on precise WEC models to ensure high result accuracy while minimizing the computational demand. These conflicting objectives can be addressed with non-linear time-domain models, known to be numerically accurate, and frequency-domain models due to their high computational efficiency. This work pursues the development of an all-encompassing optimization tool for a gyroscopic-type WEC called ISWEC that applies a new modelling technique named spectral-domain technique as a substitution to the complex time-domain model previously employed. In particular, the spectral-domain technique provides accurate and fast performance predictions of the ISWEC system and offers the possibility to model a hydraulic power take-off, not representable in the frequency domain. The article illustrates techno-economic trends associated with an early-stage design of the ISWEC in high-energy sea-sites, where the low-speed and high-torque profiles call for the use of hydraulic transmissions as opposed to the old electro-mechanical transmissions. The design tool proposed could facilitate the development of WEC technologies via efficient and accurate power assessment and via the possibility of carrying out advanced techno-economic optimisation that goes beyond linear models.
- Published
- 2022
18. Techno-Economic Optimisation for a Wave Energy Converter via Genetic Algorithm
- Author
-
Ludovico Foglietta, Giulia Cervelli, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giovanni Bracco, Mauro Bonfanti, Giuseppe Giorgi, and Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Subjects
Ballast ,Mathematical optimization ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,7. Clean energy ,wave energy ,wave energy converter ,PeWEC ,techno-economic optimisation ,genetic algorithm ,cost of energy ,CaPex ,CWR ,lcsh:Oceanography ,lcsh:VM1-989 ,Convergence (routing) ,Genetic algorithm ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,lcsh:GC1-1581 ,14. Life underwater ,Cost of electricity by source ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,business.industry ,Pendulum ,lcsh:Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Renewable energy ,Power (physics) ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
Although sea and ocean waves have been widely acknowledged to have the potential of providing sustainable and renewable energy, the emergence of a self-sufficient and mature industry is still lacking. An essential condition for reaching economic viability is to minimise the cost of electricity, as opposed to simply maximising the converted energy at the early design stages. One of the tools empowering developers to follow such a virtuous design pathway is the techno-economic optimisation. The purpose of this paper is to perform a holistic optimisation of the PeWEC (pendulum wave energy converter), which is a pitching platform converting energy from the oscillation of a pendulum contained in a sealed hull. Optimised parameters comprise shape, dimensions, mass properties and ballast, power take-off control torque and constraints, number and characteristics of the pendulum, and other subcomponents. Cost functions are included and the objective function is the ratio between the delivered power and the capital expenditure. Due to its ability to effectively deal with a large multi-dimensional design space, a genetic algorithm is implemented, with a specific modification to handle unfeasible design candidate and improve convergence. Results show that the device minimising the cost of energy and the one maximising the capture width ratio are substantially different, so the economically-oriented metric should be preferred.
- Published
- 2020
19. Comparison of wave–structure interaction dynamics of a submerged cylindrical point absorber with three degrees of freedom using potential flow and computational fluid dynamics models
- Author
-
Giovanni Bracco, Mauro Bonfanti, Giuliana Mattiazzo, Panagiotis Dafnakis, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, and Amneet Pal Singh Bhalla
- Subjects
Computational Mechanics ,Rotational symmetry ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Computational fluid dynamics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0103 physical sciences ,Cylinder ,010306 general physics ,Wave power ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Physics ,Buoy ,Tension (physics) ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) ,Mechanics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Amplitude ,Mechanics of Materials ,Potential flow ,business ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
In this paper we compare the heave, surge, and pitch dynamics of a submerged cylindrical point absorber, simulated using potential flow and fully-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The potential flow model is based on the time-domain Cummins equation, whereas the CFD model uses the fictitious domain Brinkman penalization (FD/BP) technique. The submerged cylinder is tethered to the seabed using a power take-off (PTO) unit which restrains the heave, surge, and pitch motions of the converter, and absorbs energy from all three modes. It is demonstrated that the potential theory over-predicts the amplitudes of heave and surge motions, whereas it results in an insignificant pitch for a fully-submerged axisymmetric converter. It also under-estimates the slow drift of the buoy, which the CFD model is able to capture reliably. Further, we use fully-resolved CFD simulations to study the performance of a three degrees of freedom (DOF) cylindrical buoy under varying PTO coefficients, mass density of the buoy, and incoming wave heights. It is demonstrated that the PTO coefficients predicted by the linear potential theory are sub-optimal for waves of moderate and high steepness. The wave absorption efficiency improves significantly when higher than the predicted value of the PTO damping is selected. Simulations with different mass densities of the buoy show that converters with low mass densities have an increased tension in their PTO and mooring lines. Moreover, the mass density also influences the range of resonance periods of the device. Finally, simulations with different wave heights show that at higher heights, the wave absorption efficiency of the converter decreases and a large portion of available wave power remains unabsorbed., Final published version
- Published
- 2020
20. Excitation forces estimation for non-linear wave energy converters: A neural network approach
- Author
-
Giovanni Bracco, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giuliana Mattiazzo, Mauro Bonfanti, and Fabio Carapellese
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Artificial neural network ,Computer science ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Process (computing) ,Wave excitation force ,02 engineering and technology ,Converters ,Optimal control ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Control theory ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Feedforward neural network ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Estimation ,Wave energy converter ,Energy (signal processing) ,Neural networks - Abstract
Investigating optimal control algorithms is a continuing concern within the Wave Energy field. A considerable amount of literature has been published on optimal control architectures applied to Wave Energy Converter (WEC) devices. However, most of them requires the knowledge of the wave excitation forces acting on the WEC body. In practice such forces are unknown and an estimate must be used. In this work a methodology to estimate the wave excitation forces of a non-linear WEC along with the achievable accuracy, is discussed. A feedforward Neural Network (NN) is applied to address the estimation problem. Such a method aims to map the WEC dynamics to the wave excitation forces by training the network through a supervised learning algorithm. The most challenging aspects of these techniques are the ability of the network to estimate data not considered in the training process and their accuracy in presence of model uncertanities. Numerical simulations under different irregular sea conditions demonstrate accurate estimation results of the NN approach as well as a small sensitivity to changes in the plant parameters relative to the case study presented.
- Published
- 2020
21. An application of model predictive control logic to inertial sea wave energy converter
- Author
-
Mauro Bonfanti, Bruno Paduano, Panagiotis Dafnakis, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giuliana Mattiazzo, Giovanni Bracco, and Lorenzo Genuardi
- Subjects
Inertial frame of reference ,Maximum power principle ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Work (physics) ,control logic ,Renewable energy ,Model predictive control ,MPC, ISWEC, control logic ,MPC ,Control theory ,ISWEC ,business ,Control logic ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
During the last years, considerable progress has been reached in energy research field focused on the renewable energy extraction technologies. In particular wave energy is one of the most important branches. Among the possibility, the Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter (ISWEC) is one of the most promising technology. This work was divided in two parts: firstly, the ISWEC model was created in order to predict the behavior of the system with accuracy to assure the correct functionality of the plant; then ISWEC model was applied to develop the Model Predictive control algorithm (MPC). All the work was developed for a three degrees of freedom system, considering the correlation between the horizontal movement, the vertical movement and the rotation, called surge, heave and pitch respectively. This correlation was important to improve the power extraction. The aim of this work is to design a controller that allow the automatic set the control value with the aim to extract the maximum power without an external prediction of the wave forces and regarding the input constraints due to components mechanical limits.
- Published
- 2019
22. Pitch Resonance Tuning Tanks: A novel technology for more efficient wave energy harvesting
- Author
-
Mauro Bonfanti, Giuliana Mattiazzo, Giovanni Bracco, Panagiotis Dafnakis, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, and Stefano Brizzolara
- Subjects
Wave energy converter ,Resonance tuning ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Energy performance ,Gyroscope ,02 engineering and technology ,Function (mathematics) ,Wave period ,law.invention ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Time domain ,Energy harvesting - Abstract
We introduce and discuss the principles of a new technology to increase the efficiency of oscillating wave energy converters: the Pitch Resonance Tuning Tanks (PRTT). This new technology is based on purposely sized U-tanks of naval derivation. The novelty of the proposed solution is the integration of the water U-shaped tanks on pitching/rocking Wave Energy Converter in order to tune the pitch resonance frequency as a function of the prevalent incoming wave period, hence increasing the energy harvesting efficiency. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed solution, in a case study, where the PRTT technology is integrated in the IOwec (gyroscopic PTO) pitching device. A numerical time domain wave-to-PTO model is developed and used to evaluate the energy performance enhancement of the integrated system with and without the PRTT technology.
- Published
- 2018
23. Real-Time Wave Excitation Forces Estimation: An Application on the ISWEC Device
- Author
-
Andrew Plummer, Mauro Bonfanti, Andrew Hillis, Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Giuliana Mattiazzo, Panagiotis Dafnakis, and Giovanni Bracco
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Optimal Control ,Computer science ,Neural Network ,020101 civil engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Estimation ,Kalman Filter ,Wave Energy Converter ,Wave excitation forces ,0201 civil engineering ,lcsh:Oceanography ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,lcsh:VM1-989 ,Control theory ,Robustness (computer science) ,lcsh:GC1-1581 ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,estimation ,Artificial neural network ,Energy converter ,Linear model ,lcsh:Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,Kalman filter ,wave excitation forces ,Optimal control ,Feedforward neural network ,Excitation - Abstract
Optimal control strategies represent a widespread solution to increase the extracted energy of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC). The aim is to bring the WEC into resonance enhancing the produced power without compromising its reliability and durability. Most of the control algorithms proposed in literature require for the knowledge of the Wave Excitation Force (WEF) generated from the incoming wave field. In practice, WEFs are unknown, and an estimate must be used. This paper investigates the WEF estimation of a non-linear WEC. A model-based and a model-free approach are proposed. First, a Kalman Filter (KF) is implemented considering the WEC linear model and the WEF modelled as an unknown state to be estimated. Second, a feedforward Neural Network (NN) is applied to map the WEC dynamics to the WEF by training the network through a supervised learning algorithm. Both methods are tested for a wide range of irregular sea-states showing promising results in terms of estimation accuracy. Sensitivity and robustness analyses are performed to investigate the estimation error in presence of un-modelled phenomena, model errors and measurement noise.
- Published
- 2020
24. Numerical and Experimental Identification of the Aerodynamic Power Losses of the ISWEC
- Author
-
Giovanni Bracco, Antonello Sergej Sirigu, Federico Gallizio, Giuseppe Giorgi, Giuliana Mattiazzo, and Mauro Bonfanti
- Subjects
gyroscope ,Identification ,Computer science ,aerodynamic losses ,Mechanical engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Computational fluid dynamics ,01 natural sciences ,Flywheel ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,lcsh:Oceanography ,lcsh:VM1-989 ,flywheel ,0103 physical sciences ,Energy transformation ,lcsh:GC1-1581 ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,experimental testing ,inertial sea wave energy converter ,ISWEC ,numerical modelling ,wave energy ,Mathematical model ,business.industry ,lcsh:Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,Aerodynamics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Power (physics) ,Identification (information) ,Container (abstract data type) ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
The wave energy sector is experiencing lively years of conceptual innovation and technological advances. Among the great variety of candidates, only a few are going to be able to reach maturity and, eventually, industrial feasibility and competitiveness. The essential requisite for success is the continuous innovation in response to the incremental experience gained during the design and prototyping stages. In particular, the ability to generate detailed mathematical models, representative of every phenomenon involved in the system, is crucial for informing the design and control stages, allowing to maximize productivity while minimizing costs, and inspiring technological breakthrough and innovation. This papers considers the case of the ISWEC (Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter), where a technological leap is tightly linked with the modelling of aerodynamic losses around its spinning flywheel, the core of the energy conversion chain. Two mathematical models of increasing complexity are considered, one semi-empiric and one based on computational fluid dynamics, which are successfully validated against experimental data. Such models are used to quantify the benefits of a technological innovation consisting of enclosing the flywheel in a sealed container, allowing pressure regulation to reduce aerodynamic friction. Compared to the free configuration, power losses with the enclosed configuration are about half already at atmospheric pressure, and about one third at half the atmospheric pressure.
- Published
- 2020
25. On-board sea state estimation method validation based on measured floater motion
- Author
-
Sergej Antonello Sirigu, Panagiotis Dafnakis, Mauro Bonfanti, Giovanni Bracco, and Giuliana Mattiazzo
- Subjects
Physics ,Maximum power principle ,020209 energy ,System of measurement ,ISWEC ,On-board measurements ,Sea-State estimation ,Sea rials ,Wave Energy Converter ,Spectral density ,Gyroscope ,02 engineering and technology ,Sea state ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,law.invention ,Control and Systems Engineering ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Torque ,0210 nano-technology ,Significant wave height ,Energy (signal processing) ,Marine engineering - Abstract
This paper presents a method to estimate the sea state PSD (Power Spectral Density) of the current wave climate, by using the measured floater motion and the body hydrodynamic response. The knowledge of PSD and the sea state synthetic parameters derivable from the PSD, such as the Significant Wave Height and the Energy Period, is fundamental for the navigation and operation in naval field and also for the control strategies of the Wave Energy Converters (WEC). The ISWEC (Inertial Sea Wave Energy Converter) is used as case study for the validation of the sea state estimation method. ISWEC is a floating device using the inertial effects of a gyroscopic system to convert a floater motion into electric energy. Sea state parameters are used in the control of the device to tune gyroscope speed and the generator torque law to achieve maximum power absorption. The heave measurements are used to estimate the PSD of the incoming wave and it is compared with the wave PSD measured by a wave measurement system. The method is studied and validated for three different sea state cases. At this stage the method presents satisfying results, with an accuracy under the 10% of the estimated parameters. Such accuracy is comparable with the short term (1-3h) wave forecast produced by ECMWF.
- Published
- 2018
26. Mathematical Modeling and Scaling of the Friction Losses of a Mechanical Gyroscope
- Author
-
Giuliana Mattiazzo, Nicola Pozzi, and Mauro Bonfanti
- Subjects
Physical system ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Reynolds number ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Froude number ,General Materials Science ,dissipations ,010301 acoustics ,Scaling ,Physics ,Gyroscope ,efficiency ,wave energy ,scaled models ,Mechanical Engineering ,Mechanics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Mechanics of Materials ,symbols ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Friction is a complicated phenomenon that plays a central role in a wide variety of physical systems. An accurate modeling of the friction forces is required in the model-based design approach, especially when the efficiency optimization and system controllability are the core of the design. In this work, a gyroscopic unit is considered as case study: the flywheel rotation is affected by different friction sources that needs to be compensated by the flywheel motor. An accurate modeling of the dissipations can be useful for the system efficiency optimization. According to the inertial sea wave energy converter (ISWEC) gyroscope layout, friction forces are modeled and their dependency with respect to the various physical quantities involved is examined. The mathematical model of friction forces is validated against the experimental data acquired during the laboratory testing of the ISWEC gyroscope. Moreover, in the wave energy field, it is common to work with scale prototypes during the full-scale device development. For this reason, the scale effect on dissipations has been correlated based on the Froude scaling law, which is commonly used for wave energy converter scaling. Moreover, a mixed Froude–Reynolds scaling law is taken into account, in order to maintain the scale of the fluid-dynamic losses due to flywheel rotation. The analytical study is accompanied by a series of simulations based on the properties of the ISWEC full-scale gyroscope.
- Published
- 2018
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