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Objective: The incredibly serious problem of Hepatitis B is virus-related chronic liver disease. The conventional preventive treatment of Hepatitis B requires booster dose, which requires repeated administration of the vaccine to the subject. Thus, there is a need to develop a formulation which can eliminate the need of frequent dosing and enhance patient's acquiescence. To prepare single dose nanovaccine of HBsAg by utilizing central composite design for optimization and interaction of independent variables effects on measured response. Methods: Nanovaccines were characterized for particle size, morphology, integrity, internalization, proliferation response and haemocompatibility. Nanoparticles at single and multiple doses were compared with booster dose of alum-HBsAg vaccine and measure the immunological marker and cytokine (interleukin-2 and interferon-Y) levels by ELISA techniques in BALB/c mice. Results: The designed nanoparticles were found to have nanometric size, high entrapment efficiency and retained antigen integrity. Nanoparticles showed maximum proliferation and efficiently internalized by lymph and spleen cell without eliciting significant toxicity and haemocampatible. Conclusion: The comparable data of anti-HBsAg titre between nanovaccine and alum adsorbed HBsAg demonstrated that single dose of nanoparticles is sufficient for production of immunoglobulin plus cytokine levels, maintain immunogenicity at longer period of time and eliminate the booster dose. Nanovaccines trigger immune responses and showing adjuvant properties.

Stable angina or angina pectoris is referred to as uneasiness/pain in the chest, resulting from coronary heart disease (CHD). Ivabradine Hydrochloride (IBH) is a recently approved drug to manage stable angina and heart failure symptoms. The approved IBH tablets exhibit some technical shortcomings i.e. short half-life (2 h), variable systemic absorption, and high first-pass metabolism (>50%). Therefore, utilizing a nanoformulation technique, we have designed a differentiated and innovative formulation of IBH. The IBH loaded polymeric nanoparticles (IBH-PNPs) are being developed for per-oral delivery by double emulsion method, using Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) as polymer, and d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as a stabilizer. The pre-formulation studies performed are UV spectroscopy, FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction. The Box-Behnken design was exploited for formulation optimization. The optimized formulation was characterized for its particle size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release, stability studies, ex-vivo permeability, and in-vivo pharmacodynamics study. The optimized IBH-PNPs were found to be spherical (<200nm) and exhibited normal size distribution under transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy respectively. The zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were found to be −43.75 mv and 60 ± 4.8% respectively. Developed IBH-PNPs analyzed for in-vitrodrug release where they exhibited biphasic release. The ex-vivodrug permeation study showed 1.85 folds increment in intestinal permeability as compared to IBH tablets. The in-vivoanti-anginal efficacy studies were performed using vasopressin-induced angina model in Wistar rats. Developed formulation was found to have a therapeutic effect for three days.