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The Cuvier's beaked whale (CBW; Ziphius cavirostris) is a cosmopolitan marine mammal found in deep tropical and temperate waters of all oceans. CBW strandings have been recorded sporadically in Brazil; however, there is lack of information available regarding their causes of stranding and/or death. Herein, we report the epidemiologic, pathologic, morphologic parasitologic features and molecular identification of arterial and renal crassicaudiasis by Crassicauda sp. in three geographically and chronologically distant CBW stranded off Brazil. CBW-1 was an adult male stranded dead in Rio Grande do Sul State. CBW-2 was an adult female that stranded alive in Sergipe State and died shortly after. CBW-3 was and adult male that stranded dead in Santa Catarina State. The most relevant pathologic findings in these three CBW were severe, chronic proliferative mesenteric and caudal aortic endarteritis and chronic granulomatous and fibrosing interstitial nephritis with renicular atrophy and loss, and numerous intralesional Crassicauda sp. nematodes. Furthermore, CBW-1 had concomitant gram-negative bacterial pneumonia and pulmonary and hepatic thromboembolism. Morphologic analysis of renal adult nematodes identified Crassicauda sp. in the three CBW. Molecular analyses targeting the 18S and ITS-2 ribosomal loci of renal nematodes in CBW-2 and CBW-3 identified C. anthonyi. It is believed that severe arterial and renal crassicaudiasis likely resulted or contributed significantly to morbidity and death of these animals. These results expand the known geographical range of occurrence of crassicaudiasis in CBW. Specifically, the present study provides the first accounts of arterial and renal crassicaudiasis in CBW off the southern hemisphere, specifically in CBW off Brazil, and to the authors' knowledge, it is the first record of C. anthonyi in the southern Atlantic Ocean., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • First record of Crassicauda anthonyi in cetaceans off the southern Atlantic Ocean. • Arterial and renal crassicaudiasis may be fatal in Ziphius cavirostris. • ITS-2 gene sequence analysis enables Crassicauda species identification.

The genus Desmogonius (Digenea: Pronocephalidae) is known only from sea turtles and currently contains two species: D. desmogonius Stephens, 1911 and D. loossi Chattopadhyaya, 1972. The present study describes a third species, Desmogonius baldassinae n. sp. found in a juvenile green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) from Brazil. The new species is larger than its congeners in all dimensions, with vitellinic fields ending posterior to the ovary. In addition, we present a key for species identification and an emended diagnosis of the genus Desmogonius.

The host specific whale louse Cyamus boopis Lutken, 1870, commonly found on humpback whales, is reported for the first time from a stranded bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montagu 1821). This is the first record of C. boopis on a dolphin species, and the second record of C. boopis outside humpback whales. Cyamid unusual records mainly reflect cetacean interspecific interactions.

Summary This paper reports three recovered species of digeneans from an adult loggerhead sea turtle - Caretta caretta (Testudines, Cheloniidae) in Brazil. These trematodes include Diaschistorchis pandus (Pronocephalidae), Cymatocarpus solearis (Brachycoeliidae) and Rhytidodes gelatinosus (Rhytidodidae) The first two represent new geographic records. A list of helminths reported from the Neotropical region, Gulf of Mexico and USA (Florida) is presented.

Summary The present note describes the occurrence of Rhytidodoides intestinalis and Rhytidodoides similis (Digenea: Rhytidodidae) in the gallbladder of two juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas - Testu- dines, Cheloniidae) found on the coast of Brazil. Both were detected in gallbladder and intestine of green turtles: Rhytidodoides similis (United States, Panama, Costa Rica and Brazil) and R. intestinais (United States, Panama and Costa Rica). This note is the first report of R. intestinalis in Brazil and South-West Atlantic Ocean. Also the histological lesions caused by the parasites in one gallbladder are described.

espanolThe aim of the present study is to report the occurrence of Styphlotrema solitaria Looss, 1899 infecting sea turtles of the species Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus, 1758 found in the North Coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Only nine S. solitaria specimens were found in the hosts studied, with a mean intensity of infection of 4.5. Since 2002, 14 specimens of E. imbricata from this region were necropsied and the prevalence of S. solitaria was 14.2%. New variations on morphological data were presented for this digenetic species. This is the first occurrence of S. solitaria in sea turtles from Brazilian Coast, expanding the information on the helminth fauna of E. imbricata and the geographical distribution of S. solitaria. EnglishEl objetivo de esta investigacion es presentar la ocurrencia de Styphlotrema solitaria Looss, 1899 en las tortugas marinas de la especie Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus 1758 encontradas en el litoral Norte del Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Apenas nueve especimenes fueron encontrados en los hospederos analizados correspondiendo a una intensidad media de 4,5. Desde el ano de 2002, 14 ejemplares de E. imbricata provenientes de esta misma region fueron necropsiados lo que corresponde a una prevalencia de 14,2 %. Nuevas variaciones y datos morfologicos se presentan para esta especie de digeneo. Esta es la primera ocurrencia de S. solitaria en las tortugas marinas encontradas en el litoral brasileno, ampliando asi la informacion sobre la helmintofauna de E. imbricata y distribucion geografica de S. solitaria.

The genus Desmogonius (Digenea: Pronocephalidae) is known only from sea turtles and currently contains two species: D. desmogonius Stephens, 1911 and D. loossi Chattopadhyaya, 1972. The present study describes a third species, Desmogonius baldassinae n. sp. found in a juvenile green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) from Brazil. The new species is larger than its congeners in all dimensions, with vitellinic fields ending posterior to the ovary. In addition, we present a key for species identification and an emended diagnosis of the genus Desmogonius.

Techniques for anesthesia of green sea turtles (

The loggerhead marine turtle is an ideal substrate for epibionts and presents the highest diversity of associated fauna among marine turtles. Here we report the occurrence of two amphipod species, Caprella andreae Mayer, 1890 and Podocerus chelonophilus (Chevreux and Guerne, 1888) from the carapace of one stranded Caretta caretta (Linnaeus , 1758) in Ubatuba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. This is the first record of P. cheloniphilus for Brazil and for the South Atlantic Ocean.

Summary The present note describes the occurrence of Monticellius indicum Mehra, 1939 (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in an adult loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758), found on the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pathological changes due to spirorchiid eggs (type 1 and 3) were found in gastrointestinal system, endocrine system, and heart. This parasite has previously been described in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758), from Pakistan, Brazil and Costa Rica as well as in the hawksbill sea turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766), in Brazil. This note reports the loggerhead turtle as a new host for M. indicum.

The growth of human population and deficient pollution control measures pose significant challenge to the environment. Despite conservation efforts, all sea turtle species are at some risk of extinction. The present study investigated the effect of marine debris on the gastrointestinal tract of green turtles in southeastern Brazil. Of the 777 animals evaluated, 290 showed marine debris in one segment of the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of these materials in the gastrointestinal tract may be harmful, independent of the segment involved, and increases the risk of impaction. Marine debris has become a significant hazard to Chelonia mydas in the region surveyed, causing perforation, rupture, or fecal impaction that, when not treated, is potentially fatal, exposing the intestine to bacterial infection.

Summary This paper describes the occurrence of Enodiotrema megachondrus (Looss, 1899) Looss, 1901 in a juvenile green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758) found on the coast of Brazil. This parasite has been described in Caretta caretta from Egypt, France, the Mediterranean Sea, the Madeira Archipelago, the Adriatic Sea and the USA, in C. mydas from Egypt and the USA, in Eretmochelys imbricata from Cuba, in Lepidochelys olivacea from Mexico and Costa Rica and in Lepidochelys kempii from USA. This note represents the first report of E. megachondus in a green sea turtle in the South-West Atlantic Ocean.

This paper reports the first occurrence of Plesiochorus cymbiformis (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) in a loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta [Testudines, Cheloniidae]) in Brazil and describes the histological findings of related injuries to the urinary bladder.

The causes of the beaching and death of sea turtles have not been fully clarified and continue to be studied. Mild, moderate and severe lesions caused by spirorchiidiosis have been seen for decades in different organs and were recently defined as the cause of death of a loggerhead turtle. In the present study, eyes and optic nerves were analysed in green sea turtles with spirorchiidiosis and no other debilitating factors. Injuries to the optic nerve and choroid layer were described in 235 animals (90%) infected with spirorchiids. Turtles with ocular spirorchiidiosis are approximately three times more likely to be cachectic than turtles with spirorchiidiosis without ocular involvement.

Summary Pyelosomum cochlearLooss 1899 (Digenea: Pronocephalidae) is a parasite exclusive to sea turtles, having been described in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Egypt, the USA, Panama, Costa Rica and Brazil as well as the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in Brazil. The present note describes the first occurrence of P. cochlear in a hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) found on the coast of Brazil.

The present work aimed to report the histopathological findings verified in lungs of hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) retrieved from the coasts of the states of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Between the years 2010 and 2014, 29 E. imbricata individuals were found stranded on the coasts, already dead or dying during treatment. Lung samples of all specimens were collected during necropsies, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, subjected to routine histological processing and classified histomorphologically. The findings revealed that 37.93% of the specimens presented lung lesions. Of these, 90.91% were rescued alive and 9.09% were found dead; 63.63% were females and 36.37% were males. The mean weight was 5.44 Kg and the mean length 39 cm, characterizing young individuals. The animals originated from São Francisco de Itabapoana - RJ, Aracruz - ES, São Mateus - ES, Guarapari - ES, Linhares - ES, Itapemirim - ES, and Anchieta - ES. Macroscopic analysis revealed presence of foam, hyperemia, nodules in the parenchyma, cyst and caseous material. Microscopic examination evidenced heterophilic bronchopneumonia, parasitic granulomatous pneumonia caused by spirorchiids, bacterial granulomatous pneumonia, fungal granulomatous pneumonia, and congestion. It was concluded that juvenile specimens of Eretmochelys imbricata, females and males, originated from the states of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro and found stranded both alive or dead, have significant lung lesions, mainly inflammatory ones, associated or not with infectious agents. RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar os achados histopatológicos em pulmões de Eretmochelys imbricata provenientes dos litorais dos estados do Espírito Santo e do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Amostras de pulmões de 29 E. imbricata foram coletadas, durante os anos de 2010 a 2014, em necropsias de espécimes encalhadas mortas ou que vieram a óbito durante o tratamento, nos litorais dos estados do Espírito Santo e do Rio de Janeiro, fixadas em formalina tamponada neutra a 10%, submetidas ao processamento histológico de rotina e classificadas histomorfologicamente. Os dados dos animais mostraram que 37,93% dos animais apresentaram lesões pulmonares. Destes, 90,91% foram encontrados vivos e 9,09% morto, 63,63% eram fêmeas e 36,37% machos. O peso médio foi de 5,44kg, e o comprimento médio de 39cm, o que caracterizou animais juvenis. Os animais eram provenientes de São Francisco de Itabapoana - RJ, Aracruz - ES, São Mateus - ES, Guarapari - ES, Linhares - ES, Itapemirim - ES e Anchieta - - ES. Á macroscopia, observou-se: presença de espuma, hiperemia, nódulos no parênquima, cisto e cáseo. Ao exame microscópico, foram encontrados broncopneumonia heterofílica, pneumonia granulomatosa parasitária, causadas por espirorquídeos, pneumonia granulomatosa bacteriana, pneumonia granulomatosa fúngica e congestão. Conclui-se que exemplares juvenis de Eretmochelys imbricata, fêmeas e machos, provenientes dos estados do Espírito Santo e do Rio de Janeiro e encalhados tanto vivos quanto mortos, apresentam lesões pulmonares importantes, principalmente as de origem inflamatória, associadas ou não a agentes infecciosos.

Summary This paper presents a list of parasites described in sea turtles from the Neotropical region. Through the review of literature the occurrence of 79 taxa of helminthes parasites were observed, mostly consisting of the Phylum Platyhelminthes with 76 species distributed in 14 families and 2 families of the Phylum Nematoda within 3 species. Regarding the parasite records, the most studied host was the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) followed by the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Overall helminths were reported in 12 countries and in the Caribbean Sea region. This checklist is the largest compilation of data on helminths found in sea turtles in the Neotropical region.

Summary Due to an inadequate knowledge about threats to the sea turtle, we aimed to evaluate the helminth fauna of Chelonia mydas which had died on the southern coast of Espirito Santo, Brasil and described the associated tissue pathological lesions. Retrospective and prospective studies on turtle parasites were conducted and tissues samples were collected. 106 of 212 of sea turtles (50 %) were parasitized, and 47 of 106 of infected animals 43.0 % (47/106) were in poor health condition. Seven trematoda families covering 19 different helminths species were identified. Turtles were inhabited with one or more species of parasites, and there was no significant association between parasitism and weakness of the animals. Trematode eggs, with or without giant cells in tissues of various organs were observed.

Fibropapillomatosis (FP), a neoplastic disease characterized by the formation of multiple tumors affecting different species of sea turtles and, most often, the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), is considered one of the major threats to the survival of this species. Recent studies indicate that Chelonid herpesvirus (ChHV5) is the etiological agent of this disease, though its association with anthropogenically altered environments and the immune status of these animals also appears to contribute to disease expression and tumor formation. In this study, tumor biopsy and secretions from green turtles captured off the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, were used in histological and molecular analyses to detect and characterize circulating ChHV5. In 40.9% of cases, the tumor histopathological findings revealed focal ballooning degeneration with intranuclear inclusion bodies, results which are suggestive of viral infection. ChHV5 was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the animals' skin, ocular tumor biopsies, and ocular and oral secretions. The analysis of the detected ChHV5 sequences revealed two distinct genetic sequences together. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Brazilian samples were similar to ChHV5 samples described for the Atlantic phylogeographic group and are therefore part of the same clade as the Gulf of Guinea and Puerto Rico samples. This similarity suggests a possible flow of the virus between these three regions.

Summary We report the occurrence of Neospirorchis schistosomatoidesPrice 1934 in a juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas L.1758) from the Brazilian coast. This species has been reported only in green turtles from the USA, Bermuda and Australia. Only two entire specimens and parts of six worms were found in the host’s heart. The collection, identification and morphometric data of intact specimens of N. schistosomatoides are rare and restricted to the original description. This paper presents the first report of N. schistosomatoides in green turtles from the western South Atlantic Ocean.

Fatal infection by Cyathostoma (Cyathostoma) phenisci (Nematoda: Syngamidae), was identified in 2 of 52 brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) collected on beaches in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and admitted to the veterinary clinic for rehabilitation. Both infected birds were in poor physical condition, with atrophied pectoral muscles, and died soon after starting treatment. The parasitological and pathological examination of the carcasses revealed the presence of C. (C.) phenisci in the trachea, resulting in tracheitis, as well as severe parasitic granulomatous bronchopneumonia caused by eggs deposited in the lungs. In our opinion, these serious pathological changes were the primary cause of chronic respiratory illness. This is the first description of fatal cyathostomiasis in a fish-eating avian host caused by infection by a member of the subgenus Cyathostoma (Cyathostoma). Therefore, it is reasonable to consider C. (C.) phenisci to be a real threat to a wide range of their definitive hosts, and cyathostomiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for fish-eating marine birds, even in cases without respiratory signs. This is also the first record of the genus Cyathostoma in Brazil.

Techniques for anesthesia of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) are required for medical treatment. The use of spinal anesthesia has been reported in a few species of turtles for different purposes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of 2% lidocaine for spinal anesthesia of green sea turtles undergoing surgical removal of cutaneous fibropapillomas. Ten free-ranging green turtles presenting with cutaneous fibropapillomas were included in the study. Animals were accidentally captured or rescued by local fishermen and brought to the Ubatuba Research Base (Sao Paulo, Brazil) of the Brazilian Sea Turtle Conservation Program for rehabilitation. Animals were administered 2% lidocaine (0.2 ml/10 cm of carapace) in the epidural/subarachnoid space of the tail and monitored throughout surgery. The technique was effective for all animals, with fast onset of motor and sensory blockade (3 ± 1.76 min) and relatively fast recovery time (83.9 ± 16.2 min). Fibropapillomas were removed from all animals with no signs of pain (i.e., no behavioral response during surgical procedure, such as head and forelimb movement, showing discomfort) and they were all rehabilitated and successfully returned to their natural habitat. The technique was considered effective, safe, and affordable for use on green turtles undergoing surgical removal of cutaneous fibropapillomas.

This paper presents the first report of parasites from the genus Renicola sp. in the kidneys of Magellanic penguins. The histological analysis revealed inflammatory infiltrate (eonsinophils, lymphocytes, and plasmocytes), together with fibroplasia and compression of the adjacent ducts.

This paper describes the first occurrence of Rhytidodoides similis Price, 1939, parasitizing a juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758) found on the coast of Brazil. This parasite is known only from C. mydas, with previous reports of occurrences in the liver and gall bladder of green sea turtles found in the United States, Panama, and Costa Rica. In this case, no gross or microscopic lesions were found on the liver associated with R. similis. However, microscopic analysis of the liver revealed granulomas of trematode eggs consistent with spirorchiids.

Summary This note reports the occurrence of Hapalotrema postorchis Rao 1976 collected from an aortic aneurysm in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758) found on the coast of Brazil. Besides the vascular lesion, granulomatous reactions with foreign - body giant cells were found surrounding the parasite eggs in the heart, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, brain and kidneys. This paper presents the first report of H. postorchis and accompanying lesions in a green sea turtle from the western South Atlantic Ocean.

The parasitic fauna of cetaceans is an important tool for ecological studies, including analyses on the causes of death. Halocercus brasiliensis is a nematode frequently found in the bronchi and bronchioles of some cetaceans, and it is commonly associated with focal inflammation of the respiratory tract leading to bacterial pneumonia and septicemia and, sometimes, to death. The objective of this study was to report infections by H. brasiliensis in the respiratory tract of Delphinidae stranded on the northern seaside of Bahia, Sergipe, and south of Alagoas, all states in the northeast region of Brazil. A total of 30 individuals, 1 Feresa attenuate (pygmy killer whale), 9 Stenella clymene (Clymene dolphin), and 20 Sotalia guianensis (Guiana dolphin) were studied. In 16 of them, the presence of H. brasiliensis was observed with a mean intensity of 3.5 ± 0.6 (range 1-9) in the hosts. Macroscopically, parasitic calcified nodules, lung congestion, edema, and emphysema were observed. Histopathological examination showed interstitial and granulomatous pneumonia with multifocal infiltrates, discrete to moderate edema, congestion, diffuse hemorrhage, and foci of calcification. We conclude that parasitic pneumonia in the sampled individuals may have directly contributed to stranding and death of the animals.

Here we present the occurrence of Pyelosomum cochlear Looss 1899 in the urinary bladder of an olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) from Brazil. This parasite species has previously been reported only from Chelonia mydas from Egypt, the United States (including Puerto Rico), Panama, and Costa Rica. This paper reports the first occurrence of P. cochlear parasitizing L. olivacea and the first occurrence of this parasite in the western South Atlantic.

The Olive Ridley turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Testudines: Cheloniidae), is 1 of the 5 species of sea turtle found along the coast of Brazil. Little is known regarding infection by species of the family Spirorchiidae in the host, as only 1 report exists. This case report describes granulomas in different tissues associated to type 1 and 3 spirorchiid eggs in 5 L. olivacea from the Brazilian coast. The occurrence of the eggs was considered an incidental finding and may have contributed to the debility and death of the hosts. This is the second report of tissue lesions due to spirorchids eggs in this host and the first occurrence in Olive Ridley turtle from the Brazilian coast.

The present paper reports the occurrence of the seventh species in the genus Amphiorchis (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) collected from the heart of a green turtle found in Florida, USA. A taxonomic key to the species of Amphiorchis and a literature review for the genus are presented.

Spirorchiids (family Spirorchiidae Stunkard 1921) are a group of flukes that inhabit the circulatory system of turtles. Infection by members of the family Spirorchiidae involves egg deposition in the host bloodstream and accumulation in tissues, which cause inflammatory reactions and embolisms, leading or contributing to the death of the host. Reports of spirorchiid egg lesions in loggerhead turtles ( Caretta caretta Linnaeus, 1758) have only been reported from U.S. hosts. In the present report a female loggerhead sea turtle was found dead on the beach in the north part of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During gross necropsy, no parasite egg nodule was found. But the microscopic analysis revealed a mild granulomatous inflammatory process due to eggs from the family Spirorchiidae and both Langhans giant cells and foreign-body giant cells in the heart, kidneys, intestines, lungs, and spleen. The present note is the first record of tissue lesions due to spirorchiid eggs in a loggerhead sea turtle outside the United States.

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a benign neoplasia that affects physiological functions of sea turtles and may lead to death. High prevalence of FP in sea turtle populations has prompted several research groups to study the disease and the associated herpesvirus, chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). The present study detected and quantified ChHV5 in 153 fibropapilloma samples col- lected from green turtles Chelonia mydas on the Brazilian coast between 2009 and 2010 to char- acterize the relationship between viral load and tumor characteristics. Of the tumor samples col- lected, 73 and 87% were positive for ChHV5 in conventional PCR and real-time PCR, respectively, and viral loads ranged between 1 and 118.62 copies cell −1 . Thirty-three percent of turtles were mildly, 28% were moderately and 39% were severely affected with FP. Skin samples were used as negative control. High viral loads correlated positively with increasing FP severity in turtles sampled on the Brazilian coast and with samples from turtles found dead in the states of Sao Paulo and Bahia. Six viral variants were detected in tumor samples, 4 of which were similar to the Atlantic phylogenetic group. Two variants were similar to the western Atlantic/eastern Caribbean phylogenetic group. Co-infection in turtles with more than one variant was observed in the states of Sao Paulo and Bahia.

This note describes the first occurrence of Hapalotrema postorchis Rao, 1976 in the heart of Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus, 1758, from Espirito Santo State, Brazil. This parasite has previously been reported only in Chelonia mydas from India, Australia, the United States, Costa Rica, and Taiwan. The note constitutes the first documented occurrence of this parasite in sea turtles from the western South Atlantic Ocean.

This note reports the first occurrence of Monticellius indicum Mehra, 1939, in the heart of the Hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus, 1766, in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. This parasite has only previously been reported, to our knowledge, in Chelonia mydas from India, Brazil, and Costa Rica.

Organochlorines (OCs), such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are persistent, toxic and widely distributed through atmospheric transport and ocean currents. Few studies have been conducted on OCs in sea turtles, especially on the coast of Brazil. Chelonia mydas is the largest hard-shell sea turtle and is found tropical and subtropical regions in all oceans. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of OCs in the green sea turtle (C. mydas). Fat, liver, kidney and muscle samples were collected from 27 juveniles found on the beach of the city of Ubatuba on the northern coast of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. OCs were extracted with organic solvents and the extract was purified with concentrated acid. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electron capture detection were used for the identification and quantification of PCBs and pesticides, respectively. No organochlorine pesticides were detected in any of the samples. Concentrations of total PCBs in wet weight were

Este relato descreve as lesoes macroscopicas e histopatologicas de um exemplar de tartaruga marinha da especie Eretmochelys imbricata, encontrada apos encalhe de praia no litoral do Estado de Sao Paulo - Brasil. Os achados macroscopicos apresentavam a ocorrencia de nodulos de coloracao enegrecida na superficie serosa do intestino delgado (duodeno) com 1-2 mm de diâmetro que ao corte evidenciavam a presenca de ovos de helmintos da Familia Spirorchiidae. Histologicamente foram observadas lesao cronicas decorrentes da presenca dos ovos em serosa do intestino delgado, pulmao, coracao e figado. A analise parasitologica revelou apenas a ocorrencia de um exemplar da especie Amphiorchis caborojoensis encontrada no coracao. Embora, neste caso, nao foi possivel determinar se a parasitose foi a causa do obito do hospedeiro, e muito provavel que as lesoes tenham contribuido com a piora do quadro clinico do animal e consequentemente o seu encalhe na praia.

Preguicas do genero Bradypus tem sido relatadas como hospedeiras de especies de parasitas. No Brasil, poucos estudos tem sido realizados sobre a fauna de helmintos encontrados nesse genero. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo reunir informacoes sobre endoparasitas relatados em hospedeiros do genero Bradypus. Sao apresentadas listas de helmintos e hospedeiros, alem de imagens e dados morfometricos de cada especie. Duas familias da classe nematoda foram encontradas: Filariidae e a Spirocercidae; e apenas um Cestoda da Familia Anoplocephalidae. Dentre os nematodeos, quatro generos sao relatados em Bradypus tridactylus: Dipetalonema, Dirofilaria, Leiuris, Paraleiuris. Em Bradypus variagatus: Dirofilaria, Leiuris e o genero: Moniezia (Cestoda) Na especie B. tridactylus foram registradas 8 especies de nematodeos, em B.variegatus apenas 2 nematodeos, e 1 cestodeos. Nao foi encontrado nenhum registro sobre endoparasitas da especie B. torquatus.

The occurrence of one specimen of Amphiorchis solus (Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1970) found in the heart of a green sea turtle Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758 from Ceara state, Brazil, is reported. A comparison of the morphology of Amphorchis caborojoensis Fischthal & Acholonu, 1976 and A. solus also is presented. A new geographical distribution of A. solus is reported.

Chelonia mydas is a sea turtle that feeds and nests on the Brazilian coast and a disease called fibropapillomatosis is a threat to this species. Because of this, it is extremely necessary to determine a methodology that would enable the analysis of blood leukocyte function in these sea turtles. In order to achieve this aim, blood samples were collected from C. mydas with or without fibropapillomas captured on the São Paulo north coast. Blood samples were placed in tubes containing sodium heparin and were transported under refrigeration to the laboratory in sterile RPMI 1640 cell culture medium. Leukocytes were separated by density gradient using Ficoll-PaqueTM Plus, Amershan Biociences®. The following stimuli were applied in the assessment of leukocyte function: Phorbol Miristate-Acetate (PMA) for oxidative burst activity evaluation and Zymosan A (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Bio Particles®, Alexa Fluor® 594 conjugate for phagocytosis evaluation. Three cell populations were identified: heterophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Monocytes were the cells responsible for phagocytosis and oxidative burst.

The present study offers a parasitological analysis of juvenile individuals of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) found on the Brazilian coast between 2004 and 2011. Helminths were found in 90 out of 136 individuals (66.2%, CI = 57.7–74.0). In total, 29,411 helminths were collected, belonging to the families Brachycoeliidae, Cladorchiidae, Microscaphidiidae, Pronocephalidae, Rhytidodidae, and Spirorchiidae. Mean species richness was 4.74 (CI = 4.03–5.46), the mean intensity was 327 (CI = 223–489), and the mean abundance was 216 (CI = 146–339). This study also reports new geographical records for: Angiodictyum longum, Angiodictyum parallelum, Rameshwarotrema uterocrescens, Pyelosomum cochlear, Schizamphistomum scleroporum, Cymatocarpus solearis, and Neospirorchis sp. This is the first analysis of helminth composition in juveniles of green turtles

The helminth fauna of 31 juvenile specimens of Eretmochelys imbricata from the Brazilian coast was examined. Seventeen individuals were infected with helminths (54.8%). The helminths found were: Diaschistorchis pandus, Cricocephalus albus, Metacetabulum invaginatum, Pronocephalus obliquus (Pronocephalidae), Cymatocarpus solearis (Brachycoeliidae), Styphlotrema solitaria (Styphlotrematidae), Carettacola stunkardi, Amphiorchis caborojoensis (Spirorchiidae), Orchidasma amphiorchis (Telorchiidae), and Anisakis nematode larvae. This report is the first analysis of parasite communities in this host.

Blood profiles were determined in 47 juvenile green turtles, Chelonia mydas, from São Paulo northern coast, Brazil. Twenty-nine were affected by fibropapillomas and 18 were tumor free. Complete gross and histopathologic examinations of the fibropapillo were performed in 21 green turtles. Biometrical data, size, location and amount of tumors were recorded. The papillomas varied in morphology, location, size, color and texture. We found hyperplastic stroma, rich in blood vessels and connective tissue with increase in thickness of the dermis. The tumors w0ere classified as papillomas or fibropapillomas according to their epithelial and/or stromal proliferation. The lowest Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (HCM) values were observed in affected turtles.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352008000600042.pdf: 185892 bytes, checksum: 42036120d2ee2ec1ce93c253e81292a1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352008000600042.pdf: 185892 bytes, checksum: 42036120d2ee2ec1ce93c253e81292a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:49:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352008000600042.pdf: 185892 bytes, checksum: 42036120d2ee2ec1ce93c253e81292a1 (MD5) S0102-09352008000600042.pdf.txt: 9031 bytes, checksum: 58de8cf7860179ae8c80c1c08e5fbece (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:52:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352008000600042.pdf: 185892 bytes, checksum: 42036120d2ee2ec1ce93c253e81292a1 (MD5) S0102-09352008000600042.pdf.txt: 9031 bytes, checksum: 58de8cf7860179ae8c80c1c08e5fbece (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:52:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352008000600042.pdf: 185892 bytes, checksum: 42036120d2ee2ec1ce93c253e81292a1 (MD5) S0102-09352008000600042.pdf.txt: 9031 bytes, checksum: 58de8cf7860179ae8c80c1c08e5fbece (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 Relata-se a ocorrência de Proleptus acutus Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda, Physalopteridae) parasitando Zapteryx brevirostris Müller & Henle, 1841 (Rhinobatiformes, Rhinobatidae) em Ubatuba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Vinte raias foram analisadas e P. acutus foi encontrado no estômago e intestinos de 14 (70%) animais. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência dessa espécie de nematóide em Z. brevirostris no Brasil. UNESP Instituto de Biociências Aquário de Ubatuba Instituto Argonauta para Conservação Marinha e Costeira UNESP Instituto de Biociências

The green turtle Chelonia mydas feeds and nests in the Brazilian coastal area and is considered an endangered species by the World Conservation Union (IUCN 2009) and threatened by the Red List of Brazilian Fauna (Ministério do Meio Ambiente 2009). Fibropapillomatosis is a disease characterized by benign skin tumors (fibropapillomas), and it is one of the main threats to the survival of this species. Studies suggest the involvement of viruses as infectious agents associated with environmental and genetic factors. Blood samples were collected from 45 turtles captured in the coastal area of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. From these, 27 were affected by fibropapillomas and 18 were tumor free. Biometrical data on the turtles, size, location and quantity of tumors were recorded. The area occupied by fibropapillomas per animal was calculated and four groups were determined according to severity of the disease or its absence. The objective of the study was to compare hemogram results of the sea turtles classified in these four groups. The lowest hematocrit value was observed in severely affected animals. In the hemoglobin assay, the highest value was observed in the group of tumor free turtles and the lowest, in animals severely affected. Lymphocyte counts and curved carapace length were on the verge of statistical significance. Chelonia mydas, denominada tartaruga verde, é uma tartaruga marinha que frequenta o litoral brasileiro para alimentação e nidificação e é considerada em perigo de extinção pela IUCN (World Conservation Union, 2009) e ameaçada pela Lista Vermelha da Fauna Brasileira (Ministério do Meio Ambiente, 2009). A fibropapilomatose, doença caracterizada por tumores cutâneos benignos (fibropapilomas), é uma das mais importantes ameaças à sobrevivência dessa espécie. Pesquisas sugerem o envolvimento de agentes infecciosos virais em associação com fatores ambientais e genéticos. Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas de 45 tartarugas provenientes do litoral do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, sendo 18 sem fibropapilomas e 27 acometidas. Dados de biometria das tartarugas, quantidade, localização e tamanho dos tumores foram anotados. Foi realizado o cálculo da área de fibropapilomas por animal e foram estipulados 4 grupos de acordo com o grau de acometimento e sua ausência. O objetivo foi realizar uma comparação entre os hemogramas das tartarugas marinhas classificadas nos 4 grupos. Animais de grau grave apresentaram o menor valor para hematócrito. Para dosagem de hemoglobina, observou-se que o maior valor foi para o grupo de tartarugas sem fibropapilomas e o menor para o de grau grave. Os valores de linfócitos e comprimento curvilíneo da carapaça beiraram a significância estatística.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352008000300021.pdf: 162101 bytes, checksum: 76df2d0d5e2584330d433f840e647d40 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352008000300021.pdf: 162101 bytes, checksum: 76df2d0d5e2584330d433f840e647d40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352008000300021.pdf: 162101 bytes, checksum: 76df2d0d5e2584330d433f840e647d40 (MD5) S0102-09352008000300021.pdf.txt: 16324 bytes, checksum: b1224b6cc3af5d1eeccd8747a768ae36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:52:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352008000300021.pdf: 162101 bytes, checksum: 76df2d0d5e2584330d433f840e647d40 (MD5) S0102-09352008000300021.pdf.txt: 16324 bytes, checksum: b1224b6cc3af5d1eeccd8747a768ae36 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:52:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352008000300021.pdf: 162101 bytes, checksum: 76df2d0d5e2584330d433f840e647d40 (MD5) S0102-09352008000300021.pdf.txt: 16324 bytes, checksum: b1224b6cc3af5d1eeccd8747a768ae36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Relata-se a ocorrência de Amphiorchis caborojoensis Fischthal & Acholonu 1976 e Carettacola stunkardi Martin e Bamberger 1952, em um exemplar juvenil de tartaruga marinha de pente Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus 1758 no Brasil. Foram coletados cinco trematódeos da espécie A. caborojoensis, dois no intestino delgado e três no fígado e dois exemplares adultos de C. stunkardi no lavado corporal. Destes apenas a espécie A. caborojoensis já tinha sido relatada como parasita dessa espécie de quelônio marinho. Esta é a primeira descrição de parasitas em E. imbricata em águas brasileiras e na área do Atlântico Sul Ocidental, e o segundo relato de membros da família Spirorchiidae na mesma região. The occurrence of Amphiorchis caborojoensis Fischthal & Acholonu 1976 and Carettacola stunkardi Martin & Bamberger 1952 in a young specimen of Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus 1758 in Brazil was reported. Five A. caborojoensis trematodes were found in the small intestine (n=2) and liver (n=3), and two adult C. stunkardi specimens were collected from body wash. This is the first report of parasites of E. imbricata in Brazilian waters and Southwestern Atlantic Ocean and the second report of members of the Spirorchiidae family in that region. In addition, E. imbricata is a new host recorded for C. stunkardi. Fundação Pró-Tamar UNESP IB Departamento de Parasitologia UNESP IB Departamento de Parasitologia FAPESP: 07/59504-7

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:55:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352006000400016.pdf: 1131009 bytes, checksum: 400439a374465aaf12d3a9d1f07b2551 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352006000400016.pdf: 1131009 bytes, checksum: 400439a374465aaf12d3a9d1f07b2551 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:48:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352006000400016.pdf: 1131009 bytes, checksum: 400439a374465aaf12d3a9d1f07b2551 (MD5) S0102-09352006000400016.pdf.txt: 13109 bytes, checksum: 77554db0ae55b8f0dd00dc0e279adda8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:12:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352006000400016.pdf: 1131009 bytes, checksum: 400439a374465aaf12d3a9d1f07b2551 (MD5) S0102-09352006000400016.pdf.txt: 13109 bytes, checksum: 77554db0ae55b8f0dd00dc0e279adda8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:12:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352006000400016.pdf: 1131009 bytes, checksum: 400439a374465aaf12d3a9d1f07b2551 (MD5) S0102-09352006000400016.pdf.txt: 13109 bytes, checksum: 77554db0ae55b8f0dd00dc0e279adda8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-01 Relata-se a ocorrência de Learedius learedi Price 1934 (Digenea, Spirorchiidae) em Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 (Testudines, Chelonidae) no Brasil. Onze animais foram examinados e destes, 54,6% estavam parasitados. Duzentos e cinqüenta e cinco exemplares de L. learedi foram recuperados de órgãos (coração, fígado, baço, pulmões, rins, mesentério) e do lavado corporal dos animais. Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da helmintofauna de quelônios marinhos e sua distribuição geográfica. Este é o primeiro registro da ocorrência de L. learedi na região do Atlântico Sul Ocidental. This study reports the occurrence of Learedius learedi Price 1934 (Digenea, Spirorchiidae) in Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 (Testudines, Chelonidae) in Brazil. Eleven animals were included in this study, 54.6 % of them were parasitized. Two hundred and fifty five parasite specimens were recovered from heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, mesenterium, and body wash. Results contribute to the knowledge about the helminthofauna of marine chelonian and their geographical distribution. This is the first report of L. learedi in the Southwestern Atlantic. Fundação Pró-Tamar UNESP Instituto de Biociências UNESP Instituto de Biociências

Relata-se a ocorrência de larva migrans cutânea em crianças de uma escola de educação infantil de Campo Grande, MS (Brasil). Dos 16 alunos que freqüentam a escola, seis (37,5%) adquiriram essa dermatite parasitária em duas áreas de recreação com areia contaminada por fezes de gatos, cujo exame parasitológico revelou a presença de larvas de ancilostomídeos. As lesões serpiginosas e/ou papulares essavam localizadas nas mãos, pés, nádegas, coxas, vulva e saco escrotal. São discutidas medidas de controle dessa parasitose.