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1. Bogoliubov Excitations Driven by Thermal Lattice Phonons in a Quantum Fluid of Light

Author: Irénée Frérot, Amit Vashisht, Martina Morassi, Aristide Lemaître, Sylvain Ravets, Jacqueline Bloch, Anna Minguzzi, and Maxime Richard
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The elementary excitations in weakly interacting quantum fluids have a nontrivial nature which is at the basis of defining quantum phenomena such as superfluidity. These excitations and the physics they lead to have been explored in closed quantum systems at thermal equilibrium both theoretically within the celebrated Bogoliubov framework and experimentally in quantum fluids of ultracold atoms. Over the past decade, the relevance of Bogoliubov excitations has become essential to understand quantum fluids of interacting photons. Their driven-dissipative character leads to distinct properties with respect to their equilibrium counterparts. For instance, the condensate coupling to the photonic vacuum environment leads to a nonzero generation rate of elementary excitations with many striking implications. In this work, considering that quantum fluids of light are often hosted in solid-state systems, we show within a joint theory-experiment analysis that the vibrations of the crystal constitute another environment that the condensate is fundamentally coupled to. This coupling leads to a unique heat transfer mechanism, resulting in a large generation rate of elementary excitations in typical experimental conditions, and to a fundamental nonzero contribution at vanishing temperatures. Our work provides a complete framework for solid-embedded quantum fluids of light, which is invaluable in view of achieving a regime dominated by photon-vacuum fluctuations.
Published: 2023
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2. Feasibility study on the use of an intensive deep transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol in the treatment of stimulant use disorder

Author: Maxime Richard, Véronique Desbeaumes Jodoin, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Elie Bou Assi, Paul Lespérance, and Jean-Philippe Miron
Subjects: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Published: 2023
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3. Phase diagram of one-dimensional driven-dissipative exciton-polariton condensates

Author: Francesco Vercesi, Quentin Fontaine, Sylvain Ravets, Jacqueline Bloch, Maxime Richard, Léonie Canet, and Anna Minguzzi
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We consider a one-dimensional driven-dissipative exciton-polariton condensate under incoherent pump, described by the stochastic generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. It was shown that the condensate phase dynamics maps under some assumptions to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation, and the temporal coherence of the condensate follows a stretched exponential decay characterized by KPZ universal exponents. In this paper, we determine the main mechanisms, which lead to the departure from the KPZ phase, and identify three possible other regimes: (i) a soliton-patterned regime at large interactions and weak noise, populated by localized structures analog to dark solitons; (ii) a vortex-disordered regime at high noise and weak interactions, dominated by point-like phase defects in space-time; and (iii) a defect-free reservoir-textured regime where the adiabatic approximation breaks down. We characterize each regime by the space-time maps, the first-order correlations, the momentum distribution and the density of topological defects. We thus obtain the phase diagram at varying noise, pump intensity and interaction strength. Our predictions are amenable to observation in state-of-art experiments with exciton-polaritons.
Published: 2023
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4. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and intravenous ketamine combination therapy for treatment-resistant bipolar depression: A case report

Author: Laurent Elkrief, Olivier Payette, Jean-Nicolas Foucault, Christophe Longpré-Poirier, Maxime Richard, Véronique Desbeaumes Jodoin, Paul Lespérance, and Jean-Philippe Miron
Subjects: TMS, rTMS, TRD, IV ketamine, case report, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: About a third of patients suffering from major depression develop treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intravenous ketamine have proven effective for the management of TRD, many patients remain refractory to treatment. We present the case of a patient suffering from bipolar TRD. The patient was referred to us after failure to respond to first-and second-line pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. After minimal response to both rTMS and ketamine alone, we attempted a combination rTMS and ketamine protocol, which led to complete and sustained remission. Various comparable and complimentary mechanisms of antidepressant action of ketamine and rTMS are discussed, which support further study of this combination therapy. Future research should focus on the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of this novel approach.
Published: 2022
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5. Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality in discrete two-dimensional driven-dissipative exciton polariton condensates

Author: Konstantinos Deligiannis, Quentin Fontaine, Davide Squizzato, Maxime Richard, Sylvain Ravets, Jacqueline Bloch, Anna Minguzzi, and Léonie Canet
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The statistics of the fluctuations of quantum many-body systems are highly revealing of their nature. In driven-dissipative systems displaying macroscopic quantum coherence, as exciton polariton condensates under incoherent pumping, the phase dynamics can be mapped to the stochastic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. However, it was argued theoretically that in two dimensions the KPZ regime may be hindered by the presence of vortices, and a nonequilibrium Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless behavior was reported close to the condensation threshold. We demonstrate here that, when a discretized two-dimensional (2D) polariton system is considered, universal KPZ properties can emerge. We support our analysis by extensive numerical simulations of the discrete stochastic generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We show that the first-order correlation function of the condensate exhibits stretched exponential behaviors in space and time with critical exponents characteristic of the 2D KPZ universality class and find that the related scaling function accurately matches the KPZ theoretical one, stemming from functional renormalization group. We also obtain the distribution of the phase fluctuations and find that it is non-Gaussian, as expected for a KPZ stochastic process.
Published: 2022
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6. Dispersion relation of the collective excitations in a resonantly driven polariton fluid

Author: Petr Stepanov, Ivan Amelio, Jean-Guy Rousset, Jacqueline Bloch, Aristide Lemaître, Alberto Amo, Anna Minguzzi, Iacopo Carusotto, and Maxime Richard
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Owing to its driven-dissipative nature, and its solid-state environment, a resonantly driven polariton condensate can be accompanied by an incoherent reservoir of excitons. Stepanov et al. demonstrate that this situation strongly modifies the spectrum of collective excitations, which determines many quantum hydrodynamic features in a polariton fluid.
Published: 2019
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7. Drone-Mountable Gas Sensing Platform Using Graphene Chemiresistors for Remote In-Field Monitoring

Author: Jaewoo Park, Franklyn Jumu, Justin Power, Maxime Richard, Yomna Elsahli, Mohamad Ali Jarkas, Andy Ruan, Adina Luican-Mayer, and Jean-Michel Ménard
Subjects: microcontroller, graphene gas sensor, drone mountable, in-field performances, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract: We present the design, fabrication, and testing of a drone-mountable gas sensing platform for environmental monitoring applications. An array of graphene-based field-effect transistors in combination with commercial humidity and temperature sensors are used to relay information by wireless communication about the presence of airborne chemicals. We show that the design, based on an ESP32 microcontroller combined with a 32-bit analog-to-digital converter, can be used to achieve an electronic response similar, within a factor of two, to state-of-the-art laboratory monitoring equipment. The sensing platform is then mounted on a drone to conduct field tests, on the ground and in flight. During these tests, we demonstrate a one order of magnitude reduction in environmental noise by reducing contributions from humidity and temperature fluctuations, which are monitored in real-time with a commercial sensor integrated to the sensing platform. The sensing device is controlled by a mobile application and uses LoRaWAN, a low-power, wide-area networking protocol, for real-time data transmission to the cloud, compatible with Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
Published: 2022
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8. Galilean boosts and superfluidity of resonantly driven polariton fluids in the presence of an incoherent reservoir

Author: Ivan Amelio, Anna Minguzzi, Maxime Richard, and Iacopo Carusotto
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We theoretically investigate how the presence of a reservoir of incoherent excitations affects the superfluidity properties of resonantly driven polariton fluids. While in the absence of reservoir the two cases of a defect moving in a fluid at rest and of a fluid flowing against a static defect are linked by a formal Galilean transformation, where the reservoir defines a privileged reference frame attached to the semiconductor structure and causes markedly different features between the two settings. The consequences on the critical velocity for superfluidity are highlighted and compared to experiments in resonantly driven excitons polaritons.
Published: 2020
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9. The role of Strigolactone and KAI2 signalling in seedling development

Author: Josse, Maxime Richard and Bennett, Thomas
Abstract: Strigolactones (SL) and the endogenous KAI2-ligand (KL) are butenolide compounds acting as hormonal signals to regulate multiple aspects of plant development and architecture. Perception of these signals in Arabidopsis thaliana requires respectively DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) receptors and the shared F-box protein MAX2. The MAX2-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1), SMAX1-like 2 (SMXL2), or their homologues SMXL6, SMXL7, and SMXL8 triggers the downstream effects of KL or SL signalling. SL signalling is a potent regulator of shoot architecture and increase in SL biosynthesis is linked with the plant response to nutrients depletion. The regulation of root development by SL signalling has also been proposed, although it remains elusive given it is mainly based on the use of max2 mutant and rac-GR24 treatments, both acting indiscriminately in SL and KL signalling. The exact functions of SMXL6, 7, and 8 are not yet fully understood, but it is clear that D14-mediated strigolactone signalling pathway regulates auxin distribution by re-modelling auxin transport in the shoot. Despite considerable interest in its function, the role of KAI2 and its proteolytic targets SMAX1/SMXL2 in seedling development remains poorly understood. KAI2 signalling is required for a normal photomorphogenetic development of the seedlings, such as hypocotyl growth and germination, but it is yet unknown if KAI2 also accounts for some aspects of the MAX2-mediated root development. The close origins between SL and KAI2 signalling pathways prompted us to reassess the role of SL and KL signalling in root development by phenotyping mutants affected in both pathways. My results indicate a dual role of SL and KL in root development. SL signalling promotes primary root growth, and KAI2 signalling is a newly discovered important regulator of the lateral root and root hair development. I demonstrated that the strong phenotypes of kai2 are correlated with altered auxin sensitivity in roots. Given both pathways appear to regulate physiological processes in the root and seedlings, I investigated if either the functions of SL and/or KL signalling in seedling development were associated with environmental stress responses. I found that KL and SL signalling are required for the correct developmental adaption in response to low phosphorus availability; and KAI2 and SMAX1/SMXL2 modulate root hair and lateral root proliferation consequently. In addition, I showed that KAI2 signalling is required for the correct photomorphogenic remodelling of seedling growth, and that kai2 and smax1 smxl2 mutants display a range of phenotypic traits and atypical adaptive responses associated with defect in auxin biosynthesis/response. Following a detailed analysis of the KAI2-mediated photomorphogenic remodelling, I demonstrated that KAI2 control the light-induced remodelling of PIN-mediated auxin transport system. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, I showed that KAI2 is required for appropriate changes in PIN protein abundance at the plasma membrane in various tissues affected by light-remodelling.
Published: 2022

10. Reversible work extraction in a hybrid opto-mechanical system

Author: Cyril Elouard, Maxime Richard, and Alexia Auffèves
Subjects: quantum optics, quantum thermodynamics, optomechanics, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: With the progress of nano-technology, thermodynamics also has to be scaled down, calling for specific protocols to extract and measure work. Usually, such protocols involve the action of an external, classical field (the battery) of infinite energy, that controls the energy levels of a small quantum system (the calorific fluid). Here we suggest a realistic device to reversibly extract work in a battery of finite energy : a hybrid optomechanical system. Such devices consist of an optically active two-level quantum system interacting strongly with a nano-mechanical oscillator that provides and stores mechanical work, playing the role of the battery. We identify protocols where the battery exchanges large, measurable amounts of work with the quantum emitter without getting entangled with it. When the quantum emitter is coupled to a thermal bath, we show that thermodynamic reversibility is attainable with state-of-the-art devices, paving the road towards the realization of a full cycle of information-to-energy conversion at the single bit level.
Published: 2015
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11. Intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant depression patients who have failed to respond to transcranial magnetic stimulation: A case series

Author: Olivier Payette, Paul Lespérance, Véronique Desbeaumes Jodoin, Christophe Longpré-Poirier, Laurent Elkrief, Maxime Richard, Nicolas Garel, and Jean-Philippe Miron
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology
Published: 2023
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12. Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality in a one-dimensional polariton condensate

Author: Quentin Fontaine, Davide Squizzato, Florent Baboux, Ivan Amelio, Aristide Lemaître, Martina Morassi, Isabelle Sagnes, Luc Le Gratiet, Abdelmounaim Harouri, Michiel Wouters, Iacopo Carusotto, Alberto Amo, Maxime Richard, Anna Minguzzi, Léonie Canet, Sylvain Ravets, Jacqueline Bloch, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-16-IDEX-0004,ULNE,ULNE(2016), and ANR-18-CE92-0019,NEQfluids,Fluides classiques, quantiques et actifs hors de l'équilibre(2018)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Physics, Engineering sciences. Technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: Revealing universal behaviours is a hallmark of statistical physics. Phenomena such as the stochastic growth of crystalline surfaces(1) and of interfaces in bacterial colonies(2), and spin transport in quantum magnets(3-6) all belong to the same universality class, despite the great plurality of physical mechanisms they involve at the microscopic level. More specifically, in all these systems, space-time correlations show power-law scalings characterized by universal critical exponents. This universality stems from a common underlying effective dynamics governed by the nonlinear stochastic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation(7). Recent theoretical works have suggested that this dynamics also emerges in the phase of out-of-equilibrium systems showing macroscopic spontaneous coherence(8-17). Here we experimentally demonstrate that the evolution of the phase in a driven-dissipative one-dimensional polariton condensate falls in the KPZ universality class. Our demonstration relies on a direct measurement of KPZ space-time scaling laws(18,19), combined with a theoretical analysis that reveals other key signatures of this universality class. Our results highlight fundamental physical differences between out-of-equilibrium condensates and their equilibrium counterparts, and open a paradigm for exploring universal behaviours in driven open quantum systems.
Published: 2022
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13. Temperature and Photoperiod Affect the Sensitivity of Biofilms to Nickel and its Accumulation

Author: Vincent Laderriere, Maxime Richard, Soizic Morin, Séverine Le Faucheur, and Claude Fortin
Subjects: Nickel, Biofilms, Photoperiod, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Temperature, Environmental Chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: Whereas metal impacts on fluvial communities have been extensively investigated, effects of abiotic parameters on community responses to contaminants are poorly documented. Variations in photoperiod and temperature commonly occur over the course of a season and could affect aquatic biofilm communities and their responses to contaminants. Our objective was to characterize the influence of environmental conditions (photoperiod and temperature) on nickel (Ni) bioaccumulation and toxicity using a laboratory-grown biofilm. Environmental parameters were chosen to represent variations that can occur over the summer season. Biofilms were exposed for 7 days to six dissolved Ni treatments (ranging from 6 to 115 µM) at two temperatures (14 and 20 °C) using two photoperiods (16:8 and 12:12-h light:dark cycle). Under these different scenarios, structural (dry weight biomass and chlorophyll-a) and functional biomarkers (photosynthetic yield and Ni content) were analyzed at four sampling dates, allowing us to evaluate Ni sensitivity of biofilms over time. The results highlight the effects of temperature on Ni accumulation and tolerance of biofilms. Indeed, biofilms exposed at 20 °C accumulated 1.6-4.2-fold higher concentrations of Ni and were characterized by a lower median effect concentration value using photosynthetic yield compared with those exposed at 14 °C. In terms of photoperiod, significantly greater rates of Ni accumulation were observed at the highest tested Ni concentration for biofilms exposed to a 12:12-h compared with a 16:8-h light:dark cycle. Our study demonstrates the influence of temperature on biofilm metabolism and illustrates that environmental factors may influence Ni accumulation response and thus Ni responses of phototrophic biofilms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1649-1662. © 2022 SETAC.
Published: 2022
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14. Inducing micromechanical motion by optical excitation of a single quantum dot

Author: Alexia Auffèves, Pierre Verlot, Pierre-Louis de Assis, Benjamin Besga, Benjamin Pigeau, Jean-Michel Gérard, Jan Kettler, Laure Mercier de Lépinay, Jean-Philippe Poizat, Nitika Vaish, Maxime Richard, Julien Claudon, Olivier Arcizet, Olivier Bourgeois, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nano-Optique et Forces (NEEL - NOF), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Thermodynamique et biophysique des petits systèmes (NEEL - TPS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), ANR-16-CE09-0010,QDOT,Transducteurs optomécaniques à base de boites quantiques(2016), ANR-16-CE30-0021,QFL,Fluides Quantiques de Lumière(2016), Nano-Optique et Forces (NOF), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), Thermodynamique et biophysique des petits systèmes (TPS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Orders of magnitude (temperature), Exciton, Biomedical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, Quantum state, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Radiation pressure, Quantum dot, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Optoelectronics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, business, Excitation
Abstract: Hybrid quantum optomechanical systems offer an interface between a single two-level system and a macroscopical mechanical degree of freedom. In this work, we build a hybrid system made of a vibrating microwire coupled to a single semiconductor quantum dot (QD) via material strain. It was shown a few years ago, that the QD excitonic transition energy can thus be modulated by the microwire motion. We demonstrate here the reverse effect, whereby the wire is set in motion by the resonant drive of a single QD exciton with a laser modulated at the mechanical frequency. The resulting driving force is found to be almost 3 orders of magnitude larger than radiation pressure. From a fundamental aspect, this state dependent force offers a convenient strategy to map the QD quantum state onto a mechanical degree of freedom., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2020
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15. Mutations Accounting for Congenital Fibrinogen Disorders: An Update

Author: David Celeny, Maxime Richard, and Marguerite Neerman-Arbez
Subjects: Mutation, Humans, Fibrinogen, Hemorrhage, Hematology, Exons, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Afibrinogenemia, Hemostatics
Abstract: Fibrinogen is a complex protein that plays a key role in the blood clotting process. It is a hexamer composed of two copies of three distinct chains: Aα, Bβ, and γ encoded by three genes, FGA, FGB, and FGG, clustered on the long arm of chromosome 4. Congenital fibrinogen disorders (CFDs) are divided into qualitative deficiencies (dysfibrinogenemia, hypodysfibrinogenemia) in which the mutant fibrinogen molecule is present in the circulation and quantitative deficiencies (afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia) with no mutant molecule present in the bloodstream. Phenotypic manifestations are variable, patients may be asymptomatic, or suffer from bleeding or thrombosis. Causative mutations can occur in any of the three fibrinogen genes and can affect one or both alleles. Given the large number of studies reporting on novel causative mutations for CFDs since the review on the same topic published in 2016, we performed an extensive search of the literature and list here 120 additional mutations described in both quantitative and qualitative disorders. The visualization of causative single nucleotide variations placed on the coding sequences of FGA, FGB, and FGG reveals important structure function insight for several domains of the fibrinogen molecule.
Published: 2022

16. Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality in a one-dimensional polariton condensate

Author: Quentin, Fontaine, Davide, Squizzato, Florent, Baboux, Ivan, Amelio, Aristide, Lemaître, Martina, Morassi, Isabelle, Sagnes, Luc, Le Gratiet, Abdelmounaim, Harouri, Michiel, Wouters, Iacopo, Carusotto, Alberto, Amo, Maxime, Richard, Anna, Minguzzi, Léonie, Canet, Sylvain, Ravets, and Jacqueline, Bloch
Abstract: Revealing universal behaviours is a hallmark of statistical physics. Phenomena such as the stochastic growth of crystalline surfaces
Published: 2021

17. Exciton-Exciton Interaction beyond the Hydrogenic Picture in a MoSe2 Monolayer in the Strong Light-Matter Coupling Regime

Author: Martin Klaas, Nils Lundt, Sven Höfling, Christian Schneider, Julien Renard, Mark Blei, Thomas Volz, Amit Vashisht, Maxime Richard, Petr Stepanov, Anna Minguzzi, and Sefaattin Tongay
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Plane (geometry), Exciton, General Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Coupling (probability), 01 natural sciences, Optical microcavity, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Discontinuity (linguistics), law, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, Coulomb, Saturation (graph theory), 010306 general physics
Abstract: In transition metal dichalcogenides' layers of atomic-scale thickness, the electron-hole Coulomb interaction potential is strongly influenced by the sharp discontinuity of the dielectric function across the layer plane. This feature results in peculiar nonhydrogenic excitonic states in which exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities are predicted to be enhanced compared to their hydrogenic counterparts. To demonstrate this enhancement, we perform optical transmission spectroscopy of a ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2}$ monolayer placed in the strong coupling regime with the mode of an optical microcavity and analyze the results quantitatively with a nonlinear input-output theory. We find an enhancement of both the exciton-exciton interaction and of the excitonic fermionic saturation with respect to realistic values expected in the hydrogenic picture. Such results demonstrate that unconventional excitons in ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2}$ are highly favorable for the implementation of large exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities, potentially working up to room temperature.
Published: 2021
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18. Exciton-Exciton Interaction beyond the Hydrogenic Picture in a MoSe_{2} Monolayer in the Strong Light-Matter Coupling Regime

Author: Petr, Stepanov, Amit, Vashisht, Martin, Klaas, Nils, Lundt, Sefaattin, Tongay, Mark, Blei, Sven, Höfling, Thomas, Volz, Anna, Minguzzi, Julien, Renard, Christian, Schneider, and Maxime, Richard
Abstract: In transition metal dichalcogenides' layers of atomic-scale thickness, the electron-hole Coulomb interaction potential is strongly influenced by the sharp discontinuity of the dielectric function across the layer plane. This feature results in peculiar nonhydrogenic excitonic states in which exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities are predicted to be enhanced compared to their hydrogenic counterparts. To demonstrate this enhancement, we perform optical transmission spectroscopy of a MoSe_{2} monolayer placed in the strong coupling regime with the mode of an optical microcavity and analyze the results quantitatively with a nonlinear input-output theory. We find an enhancement of both the exciton-exciton interaction and of the excitonic fermionic saturation with respect to realistic values expected in the hydrogenic picture. Such results demonstrate that unconventional excitons in MoSe_{2} are highly favorable for the implementation of large exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities, potentially working up to room temperature.
Published: 2020

19. Galilean boosts and superfluidity of resonantly driven polariton fluids in the presence of an incoherent reservoir

Author: Anna Minguzzi, Ivan Amelio, Maxime Richard, Iacopo Carusotto, Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Galilean invariance, Field (physics), Condensed Matter::Other, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, Critical ionization velocity, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Galilean, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Superfluidity, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Quantum electrodynamics, Speed of sound, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, 010306 general physics
Abstract: We theoretically investigate how the presence of a reservoir of incoherent excitations affects the superfluidity properties of resonantly driven polariton fluids. While in the absence of reservoir the two cases of a defect moving in a fluid at rest and of a fluid flowing against a static defect are linked by a formal Galilean transformation, here the reservoir defines a privileged reference frame attached to the semiconductor structure and causes markedly different features between the two settings. The consequences on the critical velocity for superfluidity are highlighted and compared to experiments in resonantly driven excitons polaritons., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2020
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20. Micro-mechanical assembly and characterization of high-quality Fabry–Pérot microcavities for the integration of two-dimensional materials

Author: Christian Schneider, Eliezer Estrecho, Maxime Richard, Matthias Wurdack, Sven Höfling, Elena A. Ostrovskaya, Christoph Rupprecht, Petr Stepanov, and Nils Lundt
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Coupling, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Exciton, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Characterization (materials science), Semiconductor, Quality (physics), 0103 physical sciences, Strong coupling, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Fabry–Pérot interferometer
Abstract: Integrating monolayers of two-dimensional semiconductors into optical microcavities is challenging because of the very few available approaches to coat the monolayers with dielectric materials without damaging them. Some strategies have been developed, but they either rely on complicated experimental settings and expensive technologies or limit the achievable cavity quality factors. Thus, high quality Fabry–Perot microcavities are not widely available to the community focusing on light-matter coupling in atomically thin materials. Here, we detail a recently developed technique to micro-mechanically assemble Fabry–Perot microcavities. Our approach promotes strong coupling conditions with excitons in atomically thin materials, it does not rely on difficult or expensive technologies, it is reproducible, and it yields microcavities with quality factors approaching 4000. It is ideally suitable for engineering coupled monolayer-cavity systems of advanced complexity in small-scale laboratories.
Published: 2021
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21. Optical valley Hall effect for highly valley-coherent exciton-polaritons in an atomically thin semiconductor

Author: Nils Lundt, Evgeny Sedov, Ying Qin, Martin Klaas, Johannes Beierlein, Ł. Dusanowski, Maxime Richard, Alexey Kavokin, Mikhail M. Glazov, Sebastian Klembt, Christian Schneider, Sven Höfling, Sefaattin Tongay, Petr Stepanov, University of St Andrews. Condensed Matter Physics, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Würzburg = Universität Würzburg, Stoletov’s Vladimir State University (VSU), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Westlake University [Zhejiang], Technische Physik, and Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU)
Subjects: Photon, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Exciton, Biomedical Engineering, NDAS, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Exciton-polaritons, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Photonic metamaterial, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Hall effect, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Polariton, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QC, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Semiconductor, QC Physics, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract: C.S. acknowledges support by the ERC (Project unLiMIt-2D). The Würzburg group acknowledges support by the State of Bavaria. A.V.K. acknowledges the support from Westlake University (Project No. 041020100118). E.S. acknowledges support from the President of the Russian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists Grant No. MK-2839.2019.2 and the RFBR Grant No. 17-52-10006. S.K. acknowledges support by the EU (Marie Curie Project TOPOPOLIS). Q.Y. and S.T. acknowledge funding from NSF DMR-1838443 and DMR-1552220. M.M.G. acknowledges partial support from RFBR Project 17-02-00383. Spin–orbit coupling is a fundamental mechanism that connects the spin of a charge carrier with its momentum. In the optical domain, an analogous synthetic spin–orbit coupling is accessible by engineering optical anisotropies in photonic materials. Both yield the possibility of creating devices that directly harness spin and polarization as information carriers. Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides promise intrinsic spin-valley Hall features for free carriers, excitons and photons. Here we demonstrate spin- and valley-selective propagation of exciton-polaritons in a monolayer of MoSe2 that is strongly coupled to a microcavity photon mode. In a wire-like device we trace the flow and helicity of exciton-polaritons expanding along its channel. By exciting a coherent superposition of K and K′ tagged polaritons, we observe valley-selective expansion of the polariton cloud without either an external magnetic field or coherent Rayleigh scattering. The observed optical valley Hall effect occurs on a macroscopic scale, offering the potential for applications in spin-valley-locked photonic devices. Postprint Postprint
Published: 2019
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22. Cathodoluminescence enhancement and quenching in type-I van der Waals heterostructures: Cleanliness of the interfaces and defect creation

Author: Tomasz Jakubczyk, T. Taniguchi, Jacek Kasprzak, Maxime Richard, Goutham Nayak, Simone Lisi, Fabrice Donatini, Vincent Bouchiat, Nedjma Bendiab, Laëtitia Marty, Julien Renard, Johann Coraux, Wei-Lai Liu, Aveek Bid, Kenji Watanabe, Petr Stepanov, Systèmes hybrides de basse dimensionnalité (HYBRID), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), and Optique et microscopies (POM)
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Cathodoluminescence, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Molybdenum disulfide, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quenching, business.industry, Heterojunction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Boron nitride, symbols, Optoelectronics, van der Waals force, 0210 nano-technology, business, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: Layered materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, can be combined at will in van der Waals heterostructures and lead to a variety of new phenomena. To better understand the coupling between layers and the variation of electronic and optical properties, noninvasive techniques with the best possible spatial resolution are needed. Here we show that due to an enhanced interaction cross section with electrons in a type-I van der Waals heterostructure, made of single-layer molybdenum disulfide and thin boron nitride, cathodoluminescence is strongly enhanced. It can be mapped with a spatial resolution far exceeding what can be achieved in more commonly used photoluminescence experiments, thereby providing invaluable insights into the optoelectronic properties at the nanoscale. We demonstrate that the technique is noninvasive, i.e., it does not induce any defect, only if the interface between boron nitride and the molybdenum disulfide layer is pristine. In the presence of trapped species, structural defects are locally induced by the electron beam in the layer. Such defects quench the luminescence and present clear Raman signatures. We show that optimizing the heterostructure preparation techniques can lead to extended areas with clean interfaces that lead to a more homogeneous cathodoluminescence signal.
Published: 2019
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23. Interaction-enhanced flow of a polariton superfluid current in a ring

Author: Maxime Richard, A. Gallemí, Anna Minguzzi, M. Guilleumas, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Angular momentum, Spinor, Condensed Matter::Other, Supercurrent, Physics::Optics, Exciton-polaritons, Quasiparticles (Physics), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superfluidity, Polariton superfluid, Quantum theory, Quantum mechanics, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Teoria quàntica, Quasipartícules (Física), 010306 general physics, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We study the quantum hydrodynamical features of exciton polaritons flowing circularly in a ring-shaped geometry. We consider a resonant-excitation scheme in which the spinor polariton fluid is set into motion in both components by spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion. We show that this scheme allows us to control the winding number of the fluid and to create two circulating states differing by two units of the angular momentum. We then consider the effect of a disorder potential, which is always present in realistic nanostructures. We discuss how a smooth disorder can be efficiently screened by the polariton-polariton interactions, yielding a signature of polariton superfluidity. This effect is reminiscent of supercurrent in a superconducting loop.
Published: 2018
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24. Enhanced Second-Order Nonlinearity for THz Generation by Resonant Interaction of Exciton-Polariton Rabi Oscillations with Optical Phonons

Author: Maxime Richard, Anna Minguzzi, Giovanna Morigi, Katharina Rojan, Yoan Léger, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universität des Saarlandes [Saarbrücken], Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-10-LABX-51-01, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, ANR-16-CE30-0021,QFL,Fluides Quantiques de Lumière(2016), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Rabi cycle, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Terahertz radiation, Phonon, Exciton, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Orders of magnitude (time), 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Vacuum Rabi oscillation, Rabi frequency
Abstract: International audience; Semiconductor microcavities in the strong-coupling regime exhibit an energy scale in the terahertz (THz) frequency range, which is fixed by the Rabi splitting between the upper and lower exciton-polariton states. While this range can be tuned by several orders of magnitude using different excitonic media, the transition between both polaritonic states is dipole forbidden. In this work, we show that, in cadmium telluride microcavities, the Rabi-oscillation-driven THz radiation is actually active without the need for any change in the microcavity design. This feature results from the unique resonance condition which is achieved between the Rabi splitting and the phonon-polariton states and leads to a giant enhancement of the second-order nonlinearity.
Published: 2017
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25. Strain-Gradient Position Mapping of Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Author: Arnaud Gloppe, O. Arcizet, Eva Dupont-Ferrier, Julien Claudon, E. Dupuy, J.-Ph. Poizat, Alexia Auffèves, P. L. de Assis, D. Tumanov, Jean-Michel Gérard, I. Yeo, H.A. Nguyen, N. S. Malik, Maxime Richard, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nano-Optique et Forces (NOF ), University of New Orleans, CAPES young talent 88887.059630/2014-00, Doctoral scholarship from Région Rhone-Alpes, ANR-11-BS10-0011,WIFO,Composant d'optique quantique avancée basé sur un fil photonique(2011), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Nano-Optique et Forces (NEEL - NOF)
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Stress (mechanics), Optics, strain, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Physics, business.industry, Plane (geometry), Quantum dot, Diamond, imaging, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quantum technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], engineering, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Waveguide
Abstract: International audience; In the context of fast developing quantum technologies, locating single quantum objects embedded in solid or fluid environment while keeping their properties unchanged is a crucial requirement as well as a challenge. Such ``quantum microscopes'' have been demonstrated already for NV-centers embedded in diamond [1], and for single atoms within an ultracold gas [2]. In this work, we demonstrate a new method to determine non-destructively the position of randomly distributed semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) deeply embedded in a solid photonic waveguide. By setting the wire in an oscillating motion, we generate large stress gradients across the QDs plane. We then exploit the fact that the QDs emission frequency is highly sensitive to the local material stress [3-5] to infer their positions with an accuracy ranging from +/- 35 nm down to +/-1 nm for close-to-axis QDs.
Published: 2017
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26. Free-fall of photons in a planar optical cavity

Author: Maxime Richard, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Photon, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, law.invention, Gravitation, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Gravitational field, law, Dispersion relation, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Rest (physics), Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Optical cavity, Quantum electrodynamics, Group velocity, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Gravitational redshift
Abstract: We consider a planar optical cavity with its main axis oriented perpendicular to the earth's local gravity field. We examine the motion of a wavepacket of light trapped within the cavity spacer under the action of gravity. Within a relativistic framework, we find that the wavepacket initially at rest in terms of in-plane group velocity is accelerated by $g$ at early time in agreement the non-relativistic limit of free-fall. We show that this phenomenon is a manifestation of gravitational redshift, applied on photons at rest within the cavity., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2019
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27. Thermal decoherence of a nonequilibrium polariton fluid

Author: Anna Minguzzi, Sebastian Klembt, Petr Stepanov, Maxime Richard, Thorsten Klein, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universität Bremen, Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Quantum fluid, Quantum decoherence, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], General Physics and Astronomy, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Exciton-polaritons, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Polariton, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed matter physics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Condensed Matter::Other, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Scattering rate, 0210 nano-technology, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract: Exciton-polaritons constitute a unique realization of a quantum fluid interacting with its environment. Using Selenide based microcavities, we exploit this feature to warm up a polariton condensate in a controlled way and monitor its spatial coherence. We determine directly the amount of heat picked up by the condensate by measuring the phonon-polariton scattering rate and comparing it with the loss rate. We find that upon increasing the heating rate, the spatial coherence length decreases markedly, while localized phase structures vanish, in good agreement with a stochastic mean field theory. From the thermodynamical point-of-view, this regime is unique as it involves a nonequilibrium quantum fluid with no well-defined temperature, but which is nevertheless able to pick up heat with dramatic effects on the order parameter., 6 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2016
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28. Optical polariton properties in ZnSe-based planar and pillar structured microcavities

Author: Sebastian Klembt, Carsten Kruse, Le Si Dang, Maxime Richard, K. Sebald, Detlef Hommel, Aurelien A. P. Trichet, M. Seyfried, Universität Bremen, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Solid-state physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Relaxation (NMR), Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Planar, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Polariton, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state, Lasing threshold, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Excitation
Abstract: Strong coupling is demonstrated in monolithic ZnSe-based microcavities. Under nonresonant excitation the polariton dispersion has been investigated in dependence on the photon-exciton detuning for different excitation densities at low temperatures. For zero detuning indications of a polariton lasing threshold are observed like a k-space and energy dispersion narrowing of the lower polariton branch with increasing excitation density. Furthermore, it is observed that this effect is hampered for measurements at negative detunings as a result of the less effective polariton relaxation to the ground state. Latter results in the formation of a discrete polariton distribution at finite k values as known for the polariton bottleneck. In order to investigate the influence of a three-dimensional optical confinement on the polariton relaxation, pillar structured microcavities were fabricated. The formation of discrete polariton states in the k-space distribution is observed. Furthermore, indications for a softening of the k-conservation arising from the structural confinement are found leading to a more effective polariton relaxation. This process would be beneficial for the realization of efficient polariton lasing processes.
Published: 2011
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29. Resonant nonlinear studies of trapped 0D‐microcavity polaritons

Author: François Morier-Genoud, Ounsi El Daif, Gaël Nardin, Taofiq K. Paraïso, A. Baas, Benoit Deveaud, and Maxime Richard
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Nonlinear system, Condensed matter physics, Bistability, Condensed Matter::Other, Chemistry, Coulomb, Polariton, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Space (mathematics), Excitation
Abstract: We performed studies on microcavity polaritons trapped along the three dimensions of space, under resonant excitation on a confined lower polariton state. We observed various nonlinear behaviors as a function of the pump power, without any apparent loss of the strong-coupling. That may be understood as effects of Coulomb interaction. Indications of bistable behaviors in the system are observed and discussed.
Published: 2008
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30. Strong Light-matter Coupling: From Atoms To Solid-state Systems

Author: Leong-chuan Kwek, Alexia Auffeves, Dario Gerace, Maxime Richard, Stefano Portolan, Marcelo Franca Santos, Christian Miniature, Leong-chuan Kwek, Alexia Auffeves, Dario Gerace, Maxime Richard, Stefano Portolan, Marcelo Franca Santos, and Christian Miniature
Subjects: Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum optics
Abstract: The physics of strong light-matter coupling has been addressed in different scientific communities over the last three decades. Since the early eighties, atoms coupled to optical and microwave cavities have led to pioneering demonstrations of cavity quantum electrodynamics, Gedanken experiments, and building blocks for quantum information processing, for which the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 2012. In the framework of semiconducting devices, strong coupling has allowed investigations into the physics of Bose gases in solid-state environments, and the latter holds promise for exploiting light-matter interaction at the single-photon level in scalable architectures. More recently, impressive developments in the so-called superconducting circuit QED have opened another fundamental playground to revisit cavity quantum electrodynamics for practical and fundamental purposes.This book aims at developing the necessary interface between these communities, by providing future researchers with a robust conceptual, theoretical and experimental basis on strong light-matter coupling, both in the classical and in the quantum regimes. In addition, the emphasis is on new forefront research topics currently developed around the physics of strong light-matter interaction in the atomic and solid-state scenarios.
Published: 2014

31. Intraband carrier photoexcitation in quantum dot lasers

Author: P. Moreno, Maxime Richard, Andrea Fiore, Benoit Deveaud-Plédran, Marco Rossetti, Lianhe Li, M Portella-Oberli, Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics, and Semiconductor Nanophotonics
Subjects: Photon, Band gap, Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers, Physics::Optics, Bioengineering, Absorption, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, General Materials Science, Gain, Photocurrent, business.industry, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Ultrafast Switch-Off, Dark-Pulse Formation, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Photoexcitation, Quantum dot, Quantum dot laser, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: We unveil the role of bound-to-continuum photoexcitation of carriers as a relevant process that affects the performance of quantum dot (OD) lasers. We present the response of an InAs/InGaAs QD laser to a sub-band gap pump, showing an unexpected depletion of the emitted photons. We relate this observation with carrier photoexcitation through additional transmission and photocurrent measurements. We provide a theoretical support to the experimental data and highlight the important role of this process in the laser characteristics.
Published: 2008
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32. Exciton-Polariton Gas as a Nonequilibrium Coolant

Author: Emilien Durupt, Anna Minguzzi, Yoan Léger, Sebastian Klembt, Sanjoy Datta, A. Baas, Detlef Hommel, Thorsten Klein, Maxime Richard, Carsten Kruse, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bremen, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, 258608, European Research Council, European Project: 258608,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091028,HANDY-Q(2010), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NPSC - Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Exciton, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, 010306 general physics, Computer Science::Databases, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, Coolant, Semiconductor, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Using angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy, we show that a resonantly excited ground-state exciton-polariton fluid behaves like a nonequilibrium coolant for its host solid-state semiconductor microcavity. With this optical technique, we obtain a detailed measurement of the thermal fluxes generated by the pumped polaritons. We thus find a maximum cooling power for a cryostat temperature of $50$K and below where optical cooling is usually suppressed, and we identify the participation of an ultrafast cooling mechanism. We also show that the nonequilibrium character of polaritons constitutes an unexpected resource: each scattering event can remove more heat from the solid than would be normally allowed using a thermal fluid with normal internal equilibration., 5 pages, 3 figures + supplemental material
Published: 2015
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33. Polariton lasing in high-quality Selenide-based micropillars in the strong coupling regime

Author: Sebastian Klembt, Thorsten Klein, Emilien Durupt, Detlef Hommel, Carsten Kruse, Maxime Richard, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Universität Bremen
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Quality (physics), [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Polariton, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Grain size, 3. Good health, Transverse mode, Optical cavity, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold, Excitation
Abstract: We have designed and fabricated all-epitaxial ZnSe-based optical micropillars exhibiting the strong coupling regime between the excitonic transition and the confined optical cavity modes. At cryogenic temperatures, under non-resonant pulsed optical excitation, we demonstrate single transverse mode polariton lasing operation in the micropillars. Owing to the high quality factors of these microstructures, the lasing threshold remains low even in micropillars of the smallest diameter. We show that this feature can be traced back to a sidewall roughness grain size below 3 nm, and to suppressed in-plane polariton escape., 5 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2015
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34. Spontaneous phase condensation of CdTe exciton‐polaritons

Author: Maxime Richard, R. Romestain, Jacek Kasprzak, Guillaume Malpuech, Alexey Kavokin, Régis André, Le Si Dang, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique (LSP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal (IP), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Physics::Optics, Exciton-polaritons, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Reciprocal lattice, law, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Ground state, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum well
Abstract: We have studied CdTe/CdMgTe microcavity samples containing 4 quantum wells and characterized by a vacuum field Rabi-splitting of 13.2 meV. Electron-hole pairs were excited at 7.3K by linearly-polarized light at 1.74 eV provided by a Ti:sapphire laser operating in the pulsed mode (at 80 MHz rate). Spectroscopic imaging in reciprocal space as well as near-field spectroscopy show that, above a critical stimulation threshold, polaritons in our microcavity undergo a spontaneous transition to a condensed phase characterized by the massive occupation of the polariton ground state. The coherence of this quantum state is evidenced by the spectral and angular narrowing of its emission. We point out the conditions which should be fulfilled to achieve BEC of microcavity polaritons. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Published: 2006
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35. Angle resolved spectroscopy of polariton stimulation under non-resonant excitation in CdTe II–VI microcavity

Author: R. Romestain, Le Si Dang, Jacek Kasprzak, Maxime Richard, Régis André, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique (LSP), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Population, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Dispersion relation, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), Polariton, General Materials Science, Spontaneous emission, Stimulated emission, 010306 general physics, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, education.field_of_study, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Scattering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Excitation
Abstract: We present some experimental study of CdTe II–VI microcavity polaritons generated by strong non-resonant optical excitation. We first compare spectra of luminescence under high excitation and white light reflectivity showing that the polariton stimulation occurs in the strong coupling regime. In a second part we present a measurement of the integrated polariton emission intensity versus the excitation power: the stimulated emission exhibits an exponential behaviour which excludes a polariton/polariton quadratic collision process. In a third part we present an angle-resolved experiment showing that the stimulation peak is dispersion free while the residual spontaneous emission keeps its usual dispersion curve; we exclude a simple scattering phenomenon due to surface roughness and discuss the possibility of real space shrinkage or polariton collisions within a coherent population inspired by the theoretical work of Ciuti and co-workers.
Published: 2004
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36. Principle of Optical Cooling by Exciton-Polariton anti-Stokes Scattering

Author: Thorsten Klein, Yoan Léger, Anna Minguzzi, Maxime Richard, Sanjoy Datta, Sebastian Klembt, Augustin Baas, and Emilien Durupt
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Phonon, business.industry, Scattering, Exciton, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Optical microcavity, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, symbols.namesake, Semiconductor, law, Laser cooling, Polariton, symbols, Raman spectroscopy, business
Abstract: In this experimental work, we demonstrate that a cold exciton-polariton fluid un-dergoes anti-Stokes scattering with thermal phonons, and thus behaves like a nonequilibrium coolant for its host solid-state semiconductor microcavity.
Published: 2015
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37. Optical driving of macroscopic mechanical motion by a single two-level system

Author: Alexia Auffèves, Maxime Richard, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), ANR-13-JS10-0005,INCAL,Conversion éNergie Information à l'écheLle du quAntum unique(2013), European Project: 258608,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091028,HANDY-Q(2010), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Quantum Physics, Quantum network, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum sensor, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum simulator, Quantum imaging, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Quantum technology, Open quantum system, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum mechanics, Qubit, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Quantum information, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract: A quantum emitter coupled to a nano-mechanical oscillator is a hybrid system where a macroscopic degree of freedom is coupled to a purely quantum system. Recent progress in nanotechnology has led to the realization of such devices by embedding single artificial atoms like quantum dots or superconducting qubits into vibrating wires or membranes, opening up new perspectives for quantum information technologies and for the exploration of the quantum-classical boundary. In this letter, we show that the quantum emitter can be turned into a strikingly efficient light-controlled source of mechanical power, by exploiting constructive interferences of classical phonon fields in the mechanical oscillator. We show that this mechanism can be used as a novel strategy to carry out low-background non-destructive single-shot measurement of an optically active quantum bit state., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2014
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38. Fabrication of ZnSe-based microcavities for lasing in the strong coupling regime and polariton confinement

Author: Thorsten Klein, Detlef Hommel, Maxime Richard, A. Gust, Stephan Figge, Daniel Le Si Dang, Sebastian Klembt, Carsten Kruse, K. Sebald, Jürgen Gutowski, Emilien Durupt, Universität Bremen, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), European Project: 258608,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091028,HANDY-Q(2010), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Fabrication, Materials science, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], business.industry, Superlattice, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Epitaxy, Distributed Bragg reflector, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Lattice (order), Polariton, Optoelectronics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Lasing threshold
Abstract: International audience; We report on the realization of monolithic, i.e. fully epitaxial ZnSe-based microcavities with a 1λ-cavity and a 3λ-cavity for the investigation of strong coupling phenomena. A crucial building block is the fabrication of a lattice matched distributed Bragg reflector for the blue spectral region, consisting of quaternary ZnMgSSe layers as the high-index material and a MgS/ZnCdSe superlattice as the low-index material. Strong coupling at low temperatures was achieved with a vacuum Rabi splitting of 19 meV for the 1λ-cavity (at 70K) and of 40 meV for the 3λ-cavity (at 7 K).Microstructures such as micropillars, waveguides, ringresonators, and molecule chains were fabricated using focused ion-beam etching. Discrete optical modes in micropillars were observed for both cavity lengths confirming three-dimensional optical confinement. Q-factors up to 6500 indicate a high optical quality.
Published: 2014
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39. Reversible information-energy conversions in a quantum hybrid system

Author: Maxime Richard, Cyril Elouard, and Alexia Auffèves
Subjects: Open quantum system, TheoryofComputation_COMPUTATIONBYABSTRACTDEVICES, Transducer, Quantum dot, Computer science, Hybrid system, Electronic engineering, Energy transformation, Nanotechnology, Context (language use), Quantum information, Quantum
Abstract: We investigate the properties of a quantum hybrid opto-mechanical transducer in the context of information thermodynamics, and show that it provides a valuable platform to monitor information- to-energy conversions at the single bit level.
Published: 2014
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40. Strong Light-Matter Coupling

Author: Leong Chuan Kwek, Alexia Auffèves, Maxime Richard, Christian Miniatura, Marcelo França Santos, Dario Gerace, and S. Portolan
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Quantum technology, Open quantum system, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Condensed Matter::Other, Quantum dot, Quantum dynamics, Quantum mechanics, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Physics::Optics, Quantum simulator, Quantum dissipation
Abstract: Fundamental Lectures: Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics Strong Coupling in Semi-Conductors Quantum Open Systems Advanced Lectures: Strong Coupling in Plasmonic Systems Polaritons Bose Einstein Condensates Experimental Circuit QED Experimental Aspects of Quantum Dots Coupled to Cavities Quantum Polaritonics.
Published: 2013
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41. Long range correlations in a 97% excitonic one-dimensional polariton condensate

Author: Sanjoy Datta, Anna Minguzzi, F. Médard, Maxime Richard, Aurelien A. P. Trichet, Emilien Durupt, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique (LASMEA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et modélisation des milieux condensés (LPM2C), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 258608,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091028,HANDY-Q(2010), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Exciton, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Polariton, 010306 general physics, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Range (particle radiation), Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter::Other, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Coherence length, Orders of magnitude (time), Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Excited state, Photonics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: We report on the realization of an out-of-equilibrium polariton condensate under pulsed excitation in a one-dimensional geometry. We observe macroscopic occupation of a polaritonic mode with only 3% photonic fraction, and a nature strikingly close to that of a bare exciton condensate. With the help of this tiny photonic fraction, the condensate is found to display first-order coherence over distances as large as 10 microns. Based on a driven-dissipative mean field model, we find that the correlations length is limited by the effects of a shallow disorder under non-equilibrium conditions., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2013
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42. Toward Room Temperature One-Dimensional Quantum Fluid in the Solid State: Exciton Polaritons in Zinc Oxide Microwires

Author: Aurelien A. P. Trichet, F. Médard, Le Si Dang, Zhanghai Chen, and Maxime Richard
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum fluid, Nanostructure, Quantum decoherence, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Physics::Optics, Exciton-polaritons, Superfluidity, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Polariton superfluid, Thermal, Polariton
Abstract: Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor nanostructures constitute a model system of quantum fluid of ultra light Bose excitations in a driven-dissipative situation. Owing to recent progresses in the domain of nanofabrications, polaritons environment may now be tuned at will in terms of external potential and dimensionality. In this chapter we present a nanostructure of particular interest to generate and manipulate one dimensional polaritons with unusual properties: ZnO microwires. Within such a structure we show that polaritons are stable at room temperature and have the property of being strongly decoupled from the lattice thermal vibrations, therefore naturally protected from thermal decoherence. We also find that at cryogenic temperature, the 1D superfluid phase is surprising as polaritons are much heavier than usual and quasi purely excitonic in nature. At room temperature, another polariton superfluid phase is also observed, and several experimental facts indicate that the strong coupling is well preserved in spite of a much larger critical density.
Published: 2013
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43. Four-wave mixing excitations in a dissipative polariton quantum fluid

Author: Michiel Wouters, V. Kohnle, Yoan Léger, Benoit Deveaud, Maxime Richard, M. T. Portella-Oberli, Institute of Condensed Matter Physics [Lausanne], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, Theory of Quantum systems and Complex systems (TQC), University of Antwerp (UA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Quantum fluid, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Polariton superfluid, Four-wave mixing, Bogoliubov transformation, Quantum mechanics, 67.10.-j, 71.36.+c, 78.47.nj, 78.67.De, 0103 physical sciences, Dissipative system, Polariton, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum well, Mixing (physics)
Abstract: International audience; The Bogoliubov transformation of a polariton quantum fluid has recently been revealed in the four-wave mixing response of a driven microcavity polariton gas. In this work, we investigate the modifications that the dual nature of microcavity polaritons produce on the excitations of this particular half-light-half-matter quantum fluid. We discuss in particular the Bogoliubov character of the excitations of a lower polariton superfluid when it coexists with upper polaritons. We show unique effects resulting from the interplay between polariton decay and Bogoliubov transformation such as the modification of the Bogoliubov dispersion or the slowing down of the four-wave mixing dynamics.
Published: 2012
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44. Monitoring stimulated emission at the single-photon level in one-dimensional atoms

Author: Maxime Richard, Jean-Philippe Poizat, S. Portolan, Gilles Nogues, Alexia Auffèves, Jean-Michel Gérard, D. Valente, Marcelo França Santos, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: Physics, Quantum optics, Quantum Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photon, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Dephasing, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 3. Good health, Atom laser, Excited state, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Spontaneous emission, Stimulated emission, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), two-level atom, 010306 general physics
Abstract: We theoretically investigate signatures of stimulated emission at the single photon level for a two-level atom interacting with a one-dimensional light field. We consider the transient regime where the atom is initially excited, and the steady state regime where the atom is continuously driven with an external pump. The influence of pure dephasing is studied, clearly showing that these effects can be evidenced with state of the art solid state devices. We finally propose a scheme to demonstrate the stimulation of one optical transition by monitoring another one, in three-level one-dimensional atoms., 4 pages, 4 figures. Improved introduction; Comments added
Published: 2012
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45. Subnanosecond spectral diffusion of a single quantum dot in a nanowire

Author: Jean-Philippe Poizat, Serge Tatarenko, Régis André, Gregory Sallen, Lucien Besombes, Kuntheak Kheng, Maxime Richard, Adrien Tribu, Thomas Aichele, Catherine Bougerol, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures (SP2M - UMR 9002), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Humboldt University Of Berlin, European Project, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Subjects: spectroscopy, spectral diffusion, Photon, Photoluminescence, Nanowire, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Resolution (electron density), Quantum dot, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Quantum dot laser, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; We have studied spectral diffusion of the photoluminescence of a single CdSe quantum dot inserted in a ZnSe nanowire. We have measured the characteristic diffusion time as a function of pumping power and temperature using a recently developed technique [G. Sallen et al., Nat. Photon. 4, 696 (2010)] that offers subnanosecond resolution. These data are consistent with a model where only a single carrier wanders around in traps located in the vicinity of the quantum dot.
Published: 2011
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46. From Strong to Weak Coupling Regime in a Single GaN Microwire up to Room Temperature

Author: Blandine Alloing, Jesús Zúñiga-Pérez, Maxime Richard, F. Médard, Aurelien A. P. Trichet, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique (LASMEA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur l'hétéroepitaxie et ses applications (CRHEA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), European Project: 258608,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091028,HANDY-Q(2010), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: Materials science, Band gap, Exciton, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, 01 natural sciences, Laser linewidth, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Coupling, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, business.industry, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Semiconductor, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract: Large bandgap semiconductor microwires constitute a very advantageous alternative to planar microcavities in the context of room temperature strong coupling regime between exciton and light. In this work we demonstrate that in a GaN microwire, the strong coupling regime is achieved up to room temperature with a large Rabi splitting of 125 meV never achieved before in a Nitride-based photonic nanostructure. The demonstration relies on a method which doesn't require any knowledge \'a priori on the photonic eigenmodes energy in the microwire, i.e. the details of the microwire cross-section shape. Moreover, using a heavily doped segment within the same microwire, we confirm experimentally that free excitons provide the oscillator strength for this strong coupling regime. The measured Rabi splitting to linewidth ratio of 15 matches state of the art planar Nitride-based microcavities, in spite of a much simpler design and a less demanding fabrication process. These results show that GaN microwires constitute a simpler and promising system to achieve electrically pumped lasing in the strong coupling regime., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2011
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47. From Single Particle to Superfluid Excitations in a Dissipative Polariton Gas

Author: M. T. Portella-Oberli, Michiel Wouters, Maxime Richard, Yoan Léger, Benoit Deveaud-Plédran, V. Kohnle, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics (LOEQ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)-Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Momentum, Superfluidity, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), Polariton, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bose-Einstein Condensate, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Elementary Excitations, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Bogoliubov transformation, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Dissipative system, Liquid-Helium, Microcavity, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Bogoliubov Excitations, Bose–Einstein condensate, Excitation, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract: Using angle-resolved heterodyne four-wave-mixing technique, we probe the low momentum excitation spectrum of a coherent polariton gas. The experimental results are well captured by the Bogoliubov transformation which describes the transition from single particle excitations of a normal fluid to sound-wave-like excitations of a superfluid. In a dense coherent polariton gas, we find all the characteristics of a Bogoliubov transformation, i.e. the positive and negative energy branch with respect to the polariton gas energy at rest, sound-wave-like shapes for the excitations dispersion, intensity and linewidth ratio between the two branches in agreement with the theory. The influence of the non-equilibrium character of the polariton gas is shown by a careful analysis of its dispersion., 4 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2011
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48. One-dimensional ZnO exciton polaritons with negligible thermal broadening at room temperature

Author: Nikolay A. Gippius, Aurelien A. P. Trichet, Goran Pavlovic, Wei Xie, Guillaume Malpuech, Maxime Richard, Liaoxin Sun, Le Si Dang, Zhanghai Chen, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Fudan University, Fudan University [Shanghai], Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique (LASMEA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal (IP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 258608,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091028,HANDY-Q(2010), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Photoluminescence, Exciton, Dephasing, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Exciton-polaritons, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Polariton, Figure of merit, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 3. Good health, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Full width at half maximum, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Whispering-gallery wave, 0210 nano-technology, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract: Phonon damping is the main source of pure dephasing in the solid state, limiting many fundamental quantum effects to low temperature observations. Here we show how excitons in semiconductors can be totally decoupled from the phonon bath, even at room temperature, thanks to their strong interaction with photons. To do so, we investigated ZnO microwires, a new semiconductor nanostructure made of large band-gap material where the light can be trapped and guided into whispering gallery modes. In this system, the very large coupling regime between exciton and photon results in unusual exciton-polariton of one-dimensional character and Rabi splitting as large as 300meV. We find that polariton modes of excitonic fraction up to 75% exhibit no thermal broadening up to room temperature. We show that this remarkable behavior is due to the very large Rabi splitting as compared to the LO phonon energy., Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2011
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49. Subnanosecond spectral diffusion measurement using photon correlation

Author: Lucien Besombes, Régis André, Serge Tatarenko, Catherine Bougerol, Kuntheak Kheng, Maxime Richard, Gregory Sallen, Thomas Aichele, Adrien Tribu, J.-Ph. Poizat, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures (SP2M - UMR 9002), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Project, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: spectral diffusion, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Diffusion (business), Spectral resolution, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, quantum dot, semiconductor, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Computational physics, Orders of magnitude (time), Spectral envelope, correlation, 0210 nano-technology, business, Equivalent width, Doppler broadening, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract: International audience; Spectral diffusion is a result of random spectral jumps of a narrow line as a result of a fluctuating environment. It is an important issue in spectroscopy, because the observed spectral broadening prevents access to the intrinsic line properties. However, its characteristic parameters provide local information on the environment of a light emitter embedded in a solid matrix, or moving within a fluid, leading to numerous applications in physics and biology. We present a new experimental technique for measuring spectral diffusion based on photon correlations within a spectral line. Autocorrelation on half of the line and cross-correlation between the two halves give a quantitative value of the spectral diffusion time, with a resolution only limited by the correlation set-up. We have measured spectral diffusion of the photoluminescence of a single light emitter with a time resolution of 90 ps, exceeding by four orders of magnitude the best resolution reported to date.
Published: 2010
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50. Spontaneous coherence within a gas of exciton-polaritons in Telluride microcavities

Author: Michiel Wouters, Le Si Dang, and Maxime Richard
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Photon, Bose gas, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Exciton-polaritons, Semiconductor, Polariton, Coherent states, Photonics, business, Lasing threshold
Abstract: Microcavity exciton-polaritons are the eigenstates resulting from strong light-matter coupling in high quality monolithic semiconductor microcavities. Owing to their mixed photonic and excitonic nature, polaritons are Bose particles of very light mass and short lifetime that can interact with their environment, forming a new class of Bose gas. In spite of their short lifetime, a polariton gas can show Bose-Einstein condensation or polariton lasing depending on the experimental conditions. The properties of these coherent states of polaritons are unique in many respects. In this chapter we rely on a comprehensive set of experimental and theoretical works carried out this last decade to give a detailed description of polariton coherent states. The influences of finite lifetime, disorder and interaction with the environment are addressed, and the analogies and differences between polariton condensate, polariton lasing, equilibrium Bose gas and photon lasing are outlined and discussed.
Published: 2010
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