127 results on '"Maxwell SM"'
Search Results
2. Marine turtle regional management units 2.0: an updated framework for conservation and research of wide-ranging megafauna species
- Author
-
Wallace, BP, primary, Posnik, ZA, additional, Hurley, BJ, additional, DiMatteo, AD, additional, Bandimere, A, additional, Rodriguez, I, additional, Maxwell, SM, additional, Meyer, L, additional, Brenner, H, additional, Jensen, MP, additional, LaCasella, E, additional, Shamblin, BM, additional, Abreu Abreu-Grobois, FA, additional, Stewart, KR, additional, Dutton, PH, additional, Barrios-Garrido, H, additional, Dalleau, M, additional, Dell’amico, F, additional, Eckert, KL, additional, FitzSimmons, NN, additional, Garcia-Cruz, M, additional, Hays, GC, additional, Kelez, S, additional, Lagueux, CJ, additional, Madden Hof, CA, additional, Marco, A, additional, Martins, SLT, additional, Mobaraki, A, additional, Mortimer, JA, additional, Nel, R, additional, Phillott, AD, additional, Pilcher, NJ, additional, Putman, NF, additional, Rees, AF, additional, Rguez-Baron, JM, additional, Seminoff, JA, additional, Swaminathan, A, additional, Turkozan, O, additional, Vargas, SM, additional, Vernet, PD, additional, Vilaça, S, additional, Whiting, SD, additional, Hutchinson, BJ, additional, Casale, P, additional, and Mast, RB, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A trait-based framework for assessing the vulnerability of marine species to human impacts
- Author
-
Butt, N, Halpern, BS, O'Hara, CC, Allcock, AL, Polidoro, B, Sherman, S, Byrne, M, Birkeland, C, Dwyer, RG, Frazier, M, Woodworth, BK, Arango, CP, Kingsford, MJ, Udyawer, V, Hutchings, P, Scanes, E, McClaren, EJ, Maxwell, SM, Diaz-Pulido, G, Dugan, E, Simmons, BA, Wenger, AS, Linardich, C, and Klein, CJ
- Subjects
0501 Ecological Applications, 0602 Ecology, 0608 Zoology - Abstract
Marine species and ecosystems are widely affected by anthropogenic stressors, ranging from pollution and fishing to climate change. Comprehensive assessments of how species and ecosystems are impacted by anthropogenic stressors are critical for guiding conservation and management investments. Previous global risk or vulnerability assessments have focused on marine habitats, or on limited taxa or specific regions. However, information about the susceptibility of marine species across a range of taxa to different stressors everywhere is required to predict how marine biodiversity will respond to human pressures. We present a novel framework that uses life-history traits to assess species' vulnerability to a stressor, which we compare across more than 44,000 species from 12 taxonomic groups (classes). Using expert elicitation and literature review, we assessed every combination of each of 42 traits and 22 anthropogenic stressors to calculate each species' or representative species group's sensitivity and adaptive capacity to stressors, and then used these assessments to derive their overall relative vulnerability. The stressors with the greatest potential impact were related to biomass removal (e.g., fisheries), pollution, and climate change. The taxa with the highest vulnerabilities across the range of stressors were mollusks, corals, and echinoderms, while elasmobranchs had the highest vulnerability to fishing-related stressors. Traits likely to confer vulnerability to climate change stressors were related to the presence of calcium carbonate structures, and whether a species exists across the interface of marine, terrestrial, and atmospheric realms. Traits likely to confer vulnerability to pollution stressors were related to planktonic state, organism size, and respiration. Such a replicable, broadly applicable method is useful for informing ocean conservation and management decisions at a range of scales, and the framework is amenable to further testing and improvement. Our framework for assessing the vulnerability of marine species is the first critical step toward generating cumulative human impact maps based on comprehensive assessments of species, rather than habitats.
- Published
- 2022
4. Network analysis of sea turtle movements and connectivity: A tool for conservation prioritization
- Author
-
Kot, CY, Åkesson, S, Alfaro-Shigueto, J, Amorocho Llanos, DF, Antonopoulou, M, Balazs, GH, Baverstock, WR, Blumenthal, JM, Broderick, AC, Bruno, I, Canbolat, AF, Casale, P, Cejudo, D, Coyne, MS, Curtice, C, DeLand, S, DiMatteo, A, Dodge, K, Dunn, DC, Esteban, N, Formia, A, Fuentes, MMPB, Fujioka, E, Garnier, J, Godfrey, MH, Godley, BJ, González Carman, V, Harrison, AL, Hart, CE, Hawkes, LA, Hays, Graeme, Hill, N, Hochscheid, S, Kaska, Y, Levy, Y, Ley-Quiñónez, CP, Lockhart, GG, López-Mendilaharsu, M, Luschi, P, Mangel, JC, Margaritoulis, D, Maxwell, SM, McClellan, CM, Metcalfe, K, Mingozzi, A, Moncada, FG, Nichols, WJ, Parker, DM, Patel, SH, Pilcher, NJ, Poulin, S, Read, AJ, Rees, AF, Robinson, DP, Robinson, NJ, Sandoval-Lugo, AG, Schofield, G, Seminoff, JA, Seney, EE, Snape, RTE, Sözbilen, D, Tomás, J, Varo-Cruz, N, Wallace, BP, Wildermann, NE, Witt, MJ, Zavala-Norzagaray, AA, Halpin, PN, Kot, CY, Åkesson, S, Alfaro-Shigueto, J, Amorocho Llanos, DF, Antonopoulou, M, Balazs, GH, Baverstock, WR, Blumenthal, JM, Broderick, AC, Bruno, I, Canbolat, AF, Casale, P, Cejudo, D, Coyne, MS, Curtice, C, DeLand, S, DiMatteo, A, Dodge, K, Dunn, DC, Esteban, N, Formia, A, Fuentes, MMPB, Fujioka, E, Garnier, J, Godfrey, MH, Godley, BJ, González Carman, V, Harrison, AL, Hart, CE, Hawkes, LA, Hays, Graeme, Hill, N, Hochscheid, S, Kaska, Y, Levy, Y, Ley-Quiñónez, CP, Lockhart, GG, López-Mendilaharsu, M, Luschi, P, Mangel, JC, Margaritoulis, D, Maxwell, SM, McClellan, CM, Metcalfe, K, Mingozzi, A, Moncada, FG, Nichols, WJ, Parker, DM, Patel, SH, Pilcher, NJ, Poulin, S, Read, AJ, Rees, AF, Robinson, DP, Robinson, NJ, Sandoval-Lugo, AG, Schofield, G, Seminoff, JA, Seney, EE, Snape, RTE, Sözbilen, D, Tomás, J, Varo-Cruz, N, Wallace, BP, Wildermann, NE, Witt, MJ, Zavala-Norzagaray, AA, and Halpin, PN
- Published
- 2022
5. Marine mammal conservation: over the horizon
- Author
-
Nelms, SE, primary, Alfaro-Shigueto, J, additional, Arnould, JPY, additional, Avila, IC, additional, Bengtson Nash, S, additional, Campbell, E, additional, Carter, MID, additional, Collins, T, additional, Currey, RJC, additional, Domit, C, additional, Franco-Trecu, V, additional, Fuentes, MMPB, additional, Gilman, E, additional, Harcourt, RG, additional, Hines, EM, additional, Hoelzel, AR, additional, Hooker, SK, additional, Johnston, DW, additional, Kelkar, N, additional, Kiszka, JJ, additional, Laidre, KL, additional, Mangel, JC, additional, Marsh, H, additional, Maxwell, SM, additional, Onoufriou, AB, additional, Palacios, DM, additional, Pierce, GJ, additional, Ponnampalam, LS, additional, Porter, LJ, additional, Russell, DJF, additional, Stockin, KA, additional, Sutaria, D, additional, Wambiji, N, additional, Weir, CR, additional, Wilson, B, additional, and Godley, BJ, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Digital health literacy, vaccine information sources, and vaccine acceptance among parents in Ontario: Quantitative findings from a mixed methods study
- Author
-
Sarah Ashfield, Lorie Donelle, Panagiota Tryphonopoulos, Ève Dubé, and Maxwell Smith
- Subjects
Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2024
7. 'No one went into pharmacy … to sell a lot of Coca-Cola. It's just sort of a necessary evil' – Community pharmacists' perceptions of front-of-store sales and ethical tensions in the retail environment
- Author
-
Stephanie Gellatly, Alexander Moszczynski, Lean Fiedeldey, Sherilyn Houle, Maxwell Smith, Ubaka Ogbogu, Debbie Rudman, Leia Minaker, and Jacob Shelley
- Subjects
Community pharmacy ,Ethics ,Front-of-store sales ,Qualitative study ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Background: Community pharmacists are expected to uphold ethical duties to patients and society while maintaining independent businesses or fulfilling expectations of corporate owners. Canadian pharmacy colleges provide only indirect guidance on the retail setting of the profession. Little is known about whether pharmacists identify ethical issues in retail pharmacy or around the sales of non-drug products. Objective: This study sought to examine pharmacists' perceptions of their roles in health promotion, the factors that influence the selection of front-of-store products, and ethical issues relating to their dual roles as health care providers and retailers. Methods: In 2020, 25 Canadian pharmacists participated in semi-structured phone interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, anonymized, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed using qualitative methods. Results: Almost all participants described their role primarily as a health care provider, though some described themselves as 50–50 health care providers and retailers. Most staff pharmacists reported little control over front-of-store product selection. Where participants reported some control, external factors such as business viability and profitability impacted their choices, though some reported selecting products based on the needs of their patient community or their personal beliefs. The dominant tensions described stemmed from participants' dual roles as health care providers and retailers, though specific issues and situations were varied, ranging corporate targets, to service provision, to the sales of unproven or unhealthy products. Participants suggested solutions to the issues they described, ranging from a complete overhaul of the licensing structure of community pharmacies, down to one-on-one conversations with patients. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the retail setting of community pharmacy produces unique ethical tensions: the imposition of retail sales standards and targets are commonplace, and business viability is a primary driving force in front-of-store product selection. Clear guidance from Canadian pharmacy colleges and legislators to address these tensions and issues may be necessary.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. An investigation of media reports of digital surveillance within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Author
-
Leigha Comer, Lorie Donelle, Marionette Ngole, Jacob J. Shelley, Anita Kothari, Maxwell Smith, James M. Shelley, Saverio Stranges, Brad Hiebert, Jason Gilliland, Jacquelyn Burkell, Tommy Cooke, Jodi Hall, and Jed Long
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,pandemic ,digital surveillance ,digital health ,public health ,technology ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic prompted a surge in digital public health surveillance worldwide, with limited opportunities to consider the effectiveness or impact of digital surveillance. The news media shape public understanding of topics of importance, contributing to our perception of priority issues. This study investigated news media reports published during the first year of the pandemic to understand how the use and consequences of digital surveillance technologies were reported on.MethodsA media content analysis of 34 high- to low-income countries was completed. The terms “COVID-19,” “surveillance,” “technologies,” and “public health” were used to retrieve and inductively code media reports.ResultsOf the 1,001 reports, most were web-based or newspaper sources on the development and deployment of technologies directed at contact tracing, enforcing quarantine, predicting disease spread, and allocating resources. Technology types included mobile apps, wearable devices, “smart” thermometers, GPS/Bluetooth, facial recognition, and security cameras. Repurposed data from social media, travel cards/passports, and consumer purchases also provided surveillance insight. Media reports focused on factors impacting surveillance success (public participation and data validity) and the emerging consequences of digital surveillance on human rights, function creep, data security, and trust.DiscussionDiverse digital technologies were developed and used for public health surveillance during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of these technologies and witnessed or anticipated consequences were reported by a variety of media sources worldwide. The news media are an important public health information resource, as media outlets contribute to directing public understanding and shaping priority public health surveillance issues. Our findings raise important questions around how journalists decide which aspects of public health crises to report on and how these issues are discussed.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Geospatial approaches to support pelagic conservation planning and adaptive management
- Author
-
Wedding, LM, primary, Maxwell, SM, additional, Hyrenbach, D, additional, Dunn, DC, additional, Roberts, JJ, additional, Briscoe, D, additional, Hines, E, additional, and Halpin, PN, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Are we missing important areas in pelagic marine conservation? Redefining conservation hotspots in the ocean
- Author
-
Briscoe, DK, primary, Maxwell, SM, additional, Kudela, R, additional, Crowder, LB, additional, and Croll, D, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. May 2021 Imaging Case of the Month: A Growing Indeterminate Solitary Nodule
- Author
-
Joseph Jeehoon Kim, MD, Kenneth K. Sakata, MD, Natalya Azadeh, MD, MPH, Maxwell Smith, MD, and Michael B. Gotway, MD
- Subjects
michaelis-gutmann bodies ,cardiac transplantation ,heart transplant ,immunocompromised host ,lung biopsy ,lung nodule ,malakoplakia ,nodule ,pulmonary nodule ,solitary nodule ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. A 58-year-old woman with a history of orthotopic heart transplant, performed for Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy, treated with mycophenolate and tacrolimus, presented for routine interval follow up. The patient’s past medical history was significant for follicular thyroid carcinoma treated with total thyroidectomy and bilateral breast carcinoma in remission as well as hypothyroidism and type II diabetes mellitus. In addition to tacrolimus and mycophenolate, the patient’s medications included aspirin, insulin, itraconazole (for anti-fungal prophylaxis), levothyroxine, prednisone (tapering since transplant), and valganciclovir. The patient recently complained of rhinorrhea and cough productive of brown-tinged sputum, improving over the previous 2 weeks; she denied fever, chills, shortness of breath, night sweats chest pain, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Physical examination showed the patient to be afebrile with normal heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure. Her room air oxygen saturation was 99%. The patient’s complete blood count and serum chemistries showed largely normal values, with the white blood …
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Pragmatic approaches for effective management of pelagic marine protected areas
- Author
-
Maxwell, SM, primary, Ban, NC, additional, and Morgan, LE, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Measurement of Strength and Loading Variables on the Knee During Alpine Skiing
- Author
-
Maxwell, SM, primary and Hull, ML, additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Measurement of Boot Loads Using a Second-Generation Microcomputer-Controlled Snow Ski Binding System
- Author
-
Wunderly, GS, primary, Hull, ML, additional, and Maxwell, SM, additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A tricky and rare cause of pulmonary eosinophilia: myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA
- Author
-
Magda Zanelli, Maxwell Smith, Maurizio Zizzo, Angelo Carloni, Riccardo Valli, Loredana De Marco, Moira Foroni, Andrea Palicelli, Giovanni Martino, and Stefano Ascani
- Subjects
Eosinophilia ,Myeloid ,Lymphoid ,Neoplasm ,Lung ,PDGFRA ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Background Eosinophilic lung diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders with prominent infiltrate of eosinophils in lung interstitium and alveolar spaces. Peripheral blood eosinophilia is often present. Infections, drugs, allergens, toxic agents have to be evaluated as possible causes of eosinophilic lung infiltrates. The category of myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1 and PCM1-JAK2 represents an uncommon cause of eosinophilic lung infiltrate. Case presentation We report the case of a 70-year old man complaining of dry cough and dyspnea. Ground glass-opacities were seen on imaging studies and peripheral blood eosinophilia was present. A thorough step-wise patient’s evaluation led to identify the clonal nature of eosinophilia and the diagnosis of myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA was made. Conclusions Correlation with clinical history, laboratory tests and imaging studies is essential to achieve the correct diagnosis when facing with eosinophilic lung infiltrates. A prolonged eosinophilia can cause life-threatening organ damage. Identification of PDGFRA rearrangement, as in the present case, is particularly critical given the sensitivity and excellent response to imatinib, which has completely changed the natural history of this neoplasm.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Foraging of seabirds on pelagic fishes: implications for management of pelagic marine protected areas
- Author
-
Maxwell, SM, primary and Morgan, LE, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Ontogeny in marine tagging and tracking science: technologies and data gaps
- Author
-
Hazen, EL, primary, Maxwell, SM, additional, Bailey, H, additional, Bograd, SJ, additional, Hamann, M, additional, Gaspar, P, additional, Godley, BJ, additional, and Shillinger, GL, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. An intersectional human rights approach to prioritising access to COVID-19 vaccines
- Author
-
Lisa Forman, Michael Parker, Katrina Perehudoff, Belinda Rawson, and Maxwell Smith
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We finally have a vaccine for the COVID-19 crisis. However, due to the limited numbers of the vaccine, states will have to consider how to prioritise groups who receive the vaccine. In this paper, we argue that the practical implementation of human rights law requires broader consideration of intersectional needs in society and the disproportionate impact that COVID-19 is having on population groups with pre-existing social and medical vulnerabilities. The existing frameworks/mechanisms and proposals for COVID-19 vaccine allocation have shortcomings from a human rights perspective that could be remedied by adopting an intersectional allocative approach. This necessitates that states allocate the first COVID-19 vaccines according to (1) infection risk and severity of pre-existing diseases; (2) social vulnerabilities; and (3) potential financial and social effects of ill health. In line with WHO’s guidelines on universal health coverage, a COVID-19 vaccine allocation strategy that it is more consistent with international human rights law should ensure that vaccines are free at the point of service, give priority to the worst off and be allocated in a transparent, participatory and accountable prioritisation process.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Deploying the Precautionary Principle to Protect Vulnerable Populations in Canadian Post-Market Drug Surveillance
- Author
-
Maxwell Smith, Ana Komparic, and Alison Thompson
- Subjects
Precautionary principle ,Uncertainty ,Vulnerable populations ,Postmarket drug surveillance ,Pharmaceutical regulation ,Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
Drug regulatory bodies aim to ensure that patients have access to safe and effective drugs; however, no matter the quality of pre-licensure studies, uncertainty will remain regarding the safety and effectiveness of newly approved drugs until a large and diverse population uses those drugs. Recent analyses of Canada’s post-market drug surveillance (PMDS) system have found that Canada is not keeping pace with international requirements for PMDS, and have noted that efforts must be improved to monitor and address the safety and effectiveness of approved drugs among vulnerable populations. Given the uncertainty that exists when drugs enter the market, some have suggested that the precautionary principle is relevant to guiding decision-making in this context. This paper responds to recommendations that the Canadian PMDS system should be responsive to the health needs of vulnerable populations by assessing the utility of deploying the precautionary principle to guide a post-market strategy for vulnerable populations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. WebQuests: a viable solution to meeting the continuing professional education needs of home health care nurses.
- Author
-
Maxwell SM
- Abstract
The nursing shortage, coupled with growing case loads, limits the available time for nurses in home care to attend continuing professional education programs necessary to keep abreast of the changes in nursing practice and enhance their clinical competency. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the WebQuest, a Web-based inquiry-oriented model congruent with the pedagogical approaches and cognitive activities commonly used with nursing education, in providing continuing education content to nurses in a mid-sized home health care agency. A convenience sample of registered nurse case managers completed a researcher-designed WebQuest, modified for independent learning, on diabetes education utilizing their personal computers from home. WebQuests proved to be an innovative and creative approach to provide new information, promote higher level thinking skills, and develop nurses' confidence with computer technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The cost of infant feeding in Liverpool, England.
- Author
-
Berridge K, Hackett AF, Abayomi J, Maxwell SM, Berridge, K, Hackett, A F, Abayomi, J, and Maxwell, S M
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate feeding practices in infants under the age of 4 months in Liverpool, England with particular reference to the cost of infant feeding.Design: A cross-sectional survey consisting of self-completion questionnaires and interviews.Setting: Subjects' homes within Central and South Liverpool Primary Care Trust areas.Subjects: One hundred and forty-nine women (aged 18 to 43 years) and their infants (mean age 13 weeks).Results: The average weekly cost of breast-feeding was 11.58 pounds sterling compared with 9.60 pounds sterling for formula-feeding. Many breast- and formula-feeding women spent money however on items that were not needed or used only once or twice. This was especially true of first-time mothers. Characteristics significantly associated with higher spending were: feeding method - mothers that had or were partially breast-feeding (P=0.001), education - those educated to degree level (P=0.028), socio-economic status - those in social classes I and II (P=0.002) and age - those aged 30 years and over (P=0.003).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that while breast-feeding is often promoted as being free, this is not the case. Better information needs to be given to parents to avoid wasting money on items that are unnecessary, or where cheaper alternatives are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The effect of a dietary preload on estimation of usual food portion size by photograph in female volunteers.
- Author
-
Beasley LJ, Hackett AF, Maxwell SM, and Stevenson L
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a subject's level of satiety influences perception of their usual portion size. METHODS: A total of 62 school children were recruited for the pilot study. Half of the group assessed food photographs for their usual portion size before lunch, and half after lunch. For the main study, 55 female students were recruited to test within-subject variation in perception of usual portion size before and after consuming a preload. RESULTS: Significant differences in perception of portion size were found for four of the six foods used. CONCLUSION: Some subjects' perception of their usual portion size was influenced by their level of satiety. Further study is needed to investigate this using a wider variety of food photographs and an alternative preload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The estimation of food portion sizes: a comparison between using descriptions of portion sizes and a photographic food atlas by children and adults.
- Author
-
Frobisher C and Maxwell SM
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Food Photographs and standard portion sizes have been used with adults to assess portion size when recording dietary intake. The effectiveness of these methods may be reduced when memory/recall is required and children may have problems using these techniques. METHODS: Adults (47) and children (37) were recruited from amongst university personnel, their children and children's friends to assess portion sizes of nine self-served amounts of selected food items using food photographs and standard descriptions of portion sizes. Portion sizes were estimated directly after self-serving and three - 4 days later. RESULTS: Substantial differences in the estimate of portion sizes were observed for most foods regardless of the method used or the age of the subjects, median difference range: -52-100%. For children there were greater errors using both methods than for adults. Significant differences were found between the two methods of estimating weight. The food atlas provided higher median estimated weights for the majority of the food items. There were very few differences in the estimation of portion sizes between the two testing periods. CONCLUSION: The findings would suggest that either an alternative method or a modification of the methods used here for estimating portion sizes in young subjects, for example standard food portion sizes for children of different ages such as those that are being developed by the Food Standards Agency, would be more appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The incidence of dieting amongst adolescent girls: a question of interpretation?
- Author
-
Roberts SJ, Maxwell SM, Bagnall G, and Bilton R
- Abstract
AIM: It is the intention of this study establish the extent of dieting practices amongst adolescent girls and identify their perceptions with regard to 'dieting' and 'healthy eating'. METHODS: A total of 140 girls, aged 12-13 years, were recruited from two schools. A self-reported questionnaire, which determined the incidence of dieting and sought to identify the girls' perceptions of 'dieting' and 'healthy eating', was used to collect data. RESULTS: Out of the total group, 33.6% reported that they had dieted at some time and 15.8% were presently dieting. The most popular definition of dieting amongst the dieters was 'eating less/cutting down'; however, the second most popular answer was 'eating healthy food' which was the most popular answer amongst the non-dieters. The most popular definition of healthy eating was 'increasing fruit/ veg/salads', which is similar to how many girls perceived dieting, i.e. eating healthy food (fruit/veg/salads). CONCLUSION: Establishing the actual incidence of dieting amongst adolescent girls is not a clear-cut issue as it can be interpreted in many different ways, depending on the perceptions of the individual. The results of this study showed that in many cases 'dieting' and 'healthy eating' were perceived in a similar light, concluding that the dietary intake of dieters may be similar to that of non-dieters with both groups being at risk from any related health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Acute liver failure associated with Garcinia cambogia use
- Author
-
Rebecca Corey, K. Tuesday Werner, Andrew Singer, Adyr Moss, Maxwell Smith, Jessica Noelting, and Jorge Rakela
- Subjects
Hepatotoxicity ,Transplantation ,Herbal supplements ,Specialties of internal medicine ,RC581-951 - Abstract
Millions of Americans regularly use herbal supplements, but many are unaware of the potential hidden dangers. Numerous supplements have been associated with hepatotoxicity and, indeed dietary/herbal supplements represent an increasingly common source of acute liver injury. We report a case of acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation associated with the use of Garcinia cambogia, a supplement widely promoted for weight loss. When patients present with acute hepatitis or liver failure from an unknown etiology, a careful history of supplement use should be performed.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Acute Kidney Injury Patterns Following Transplantation of Steatotic Liver Allografts
- Author
-
Caroline Jadlowiec, Maxwell Smith, Matthew Neville, Shennen Mao, Dina Abdelwahab, Kunam Reddy, Adyr Moss, Bashar Aqel, and Timucin Taner
- Subjects
acute kidney injury ,allograft steatosis ,lipopeliosis ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Steatotic grafts are increasingly being used for liver transplant (LT); however, the impact of graft steatosis on renal function has not been well described. Methods: A total of 511 allografts from Mayo Clinic Arizona and Minnesota were assessed. We evaluated post-LT acute kidney injury (AKI) patterns, perioperative variables and one-year outcomes for patients receiving moderately steatotic allografts (>30% macrovesicular steatosis, n = 40) and compared them to non-steatotic graft recipients. Results: Post-LT AKI occurred in 52.5% of steatotic graft recipients versus 16.7% in non-steatotic recipients (p < 0.001). Ten percent of steatotic graft recipients required new dialysis post-LT (p = 0.003). At five years, there were no differences for AKI vs. no AKI patient survival (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.08–10.6, p = 0.95) or allograft survival (HR 1.73, 95% CI 0.23–13.23, p = 0.59) for those using steatotic grafts. Lipopeliosis on biopsy was common in those who developed AKI (61.0% vs. 31.6%, p = 0.04), particularly when the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) was ≥20 (88.9%; p = 0.04). Lipopeliosis was a predictor of post-LT AKI (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.1–34.6, p = 0.04). Conclusion: One-year outcomes for moderately steatotic grafts are satisfactory; however, a higher percentage of post-LT AKI and initiation of dialysis can be expected. Presence of lipopeliosis on biopsy appears to be predictive of post-LT AKI.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The dietary habits and nutritional status of residents in young people's homeless hostels
- Author
-
Beasley, LJ, Hackett, AF, and Maxwell, SM
- Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo assess the dietary habits and nutritional status of young people who were temporary residents of homeless hostels.MethodsNutritional intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls. Nutritional status assessment included measuring height, weight, body fat, blood pressure and blood haemoglobin and total cholesterol levels. An informal interview was held with residents to establish general influences on their diet and lifestyle. SampleFifteen men and 9 women, overall average age 18 years.ResultsThe quality of respondents' diets was poor, consisting mainly of fried, processed food, soft drinks and tea/coffee with added sugar. Respondents had low intakes of a number of nutrients, including protein, non-starch polysaccharide (NSP), calcium, iron, zinc and folate. Energy intakes were also low. Nutritional status assessment revealed no immediate cause for concern. Understanding of basic facts regarding nutrition and healthy eating varied considerably.ConclusionThis study highlighted poor nutritional intakes amongst a group of young people who are particularly vulnerable to food poverty, at an age when adequate nutrition is vital to growth and development.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Dietary habits of the Somali population in Liverpool, with respect to foods containing calcium and vitamin D: a cause for concern?
- Author
-
Maxwell SM, Salah SM, and Bunn JEG
- Abstract
Background A large percentage of Liverpool Somalis have vitamin D deficiency and low calcium excretion. The dietary habits of Liverpool Somalis were investigated with respect to food items containing calcium and vitamin D. Methods A questionnaire, administered by a Somali field worker, assessed the intake of food of 60 adult (45 females and 15 males; mean age 42 years) and 10 child (seven females and three males; mean age 10 years) Somali volunteers. Questions concerned personal details, health (bone and muscle problems) and dietary habits including the frequency of consumption of food items containing substantial amounts of calcium and vitamin D. Results Most subjects reported bone and muscle pain. Eating habits reflected traditional customs. Foods containing substantial amounts of calcium and vitamin D were consumed infrequently. Milk was only consumed in tea. Those self-reporting bone pain consumed eggs, cheese and beans rarely. Conclusion The food choices of these individuals with regard to bone health is a cause for concern and indicates a likelihood of low calcium and vitamin D intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The Impact of Cloud Radiative Effects on the Tropical Tropopause Layer Temperatures
- Author
-
Qiang Fu, Maxwell Smith, and Qiong Yang
- Subjects
tropical tropopause layer ,cloud radiative effects ,temperature structure ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
A single-column radiative-convective model (RCM) is a useful tool to investigate the physical processes that determine the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) temperature structures. Previous studies on the TTL using the RCMs, however, omitted the cloud radiative effects. In this study, we examine the impact of cloud radiative effects on the simulated TTL temperatures using an RCM. We derive the cloud radiative effects based on satellite observations, which show heating rates in the troposphere but cooling rates in the stratosphere. We find that the cloud radiative effect warms the TTL by as much as 2 K but cools the lower stratosphere by as much as −1.5 K, resulting in a thicker TTL. With (without) considering cloud radiative effects, we obtain a convection top of ≈167 hPa (≈150 hPa) with a temperature of ≈213 K (≈209 K), and a cold point at ≈87 hPa (≈94 hPa) with a temperature of ≈204 K (≈204 K). Therefore, the cloud radiative effects widen the TTL by both lowering the convection-top height and enhancing the cold-point height. We also examine the impact of TTL cirrus radiative effects on the RCM-simulated temperatures. We find that the TTL cirrus warms the TTL with a maximum temperature increase of ≈1.3 K near 110 hPa.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The nutritional knowledge and attitudes in a group of 11-12 year olds in Merseyside.
- Author
-
Frobisher C and Maxwell SM
- Abstract
Nutrition needs to have a secure place in the national curriculum to help males to adopt more positive attitudes to healthy eating and provide more support for the weight concerns of females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
31. A crucial role for Kupffer cell-derived galectin-9 in regulation of T cell immunity in hepatitis C infection.
- Author
-
John A Mengshol, Lucy Golden-Mason, Tomohiro Arikawa, Maxwell Smith, Toshiro Niki, Ryan McWilliams, Jessica A Randall, Rachel McMahan, Michael A Zimmerman, Manu Rangachari, Evgenia Dobrinskikh, Pierre Busson, Stephen J Polyak, Mitsuomi Hirashima, and Hugo R Rosen
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Approximately 200 million people throughout the world are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). One of the most striking features of HCV infection is its high propensity to establish persistence (approximately 70-80%) and progressive liver injury. Galectins are evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins with diverse roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that galectin-9, the natural ligand for the T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim-3), circulates at very high levels in the serum and its hepatic expression (particularly on Kupffer cells) is significantly increased in patients with chronic HCV as compared to normal controls. Galectin-9 production from monocytes and macrophages is induced by IFN-gamma, which has been shown to be elevated in chronic HCV infection. In turn, galectin-9 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver-derived and peripheral mononuclear cells; galectin-9 also induces anti-inflammatory cytokines from peripheral but not hepatic mononuclear cells. Galectin-9 results in expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)CD127(low) regulatory T cells, contraction of CD4(+) effector T cells, and apoptosis of HCV-specific CTLs. In conclusion, galectin-9 production by Kupffer cells links the innate and adaptive immune response, providing a potential novel immunotherapeutic target in this common viral infection.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Correction: A Crucial Role for Kupffer Cell-Derived Galectin-9 in Regulation of T Cell Immunity in Hepatitis C Infection.
- Author
-
John A. Mengshol, Lucy Golden-Mason, Tomohiro Arikawa, Maxwell Smith, Toshiro Niki, Ryan McWilliams, Jessica A. Randall, Rachel McMahan, Michael A. Zimmerman, Manu Rangachari, Evgenia Dobrinskikh, Pierre Busson, Stephen J. Polyak, Mitsuomi Hirashima, and Hugo R. Rosen
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Movement patterns of foraging common terns (Sterna hirundo) breeding in an urban environment in coastal Virginia.
- Author
-
Catlin DH, Gibson D, Hunt KL, Weithman CE, Boettcher R, Gwynn R, Karpanty SM, Fraser JD, Ritter S, and Maxwell SM
- Subjects
- Animals, Virginia, Nesting Behavior physiology, Ecosystem, Breeding, Female, Male, Feeding Behavior physiology, Reproduction physiology, Animal Migration physiology, Charadriiformes physiology
- Abstract
Nesting colonial seabirds are prime examples of central-place foragers, animals that must return to a central location (e.g., a breeding colony) after each bout of foraging. They must balance the costs and benefits of foraging with the need to return to their colonies frequently to form pair bonds during courtship, incubate, provision mates and offspring, and protect and rear young. For some populations, the loss and degradation of suitable breeding habitat due to human activities have necessitated the construction of new breeding sites and/or the restoration of previously occupied sites. South Island, which is part of the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) complex in the Commonwealth of Virginia, U.S.A., is a human-created island that supported Virginia's largest mixed species seabird colony until 2020, when the expansion of the HRBT began and when all nesting seabirds were permanently excluded from the site. We studied the movement patterns of foraging common terns (Sterna hirundo) to determine how travel to and around foraging sites related to their colony location and to inform the siting and construction of a new breeding island. We tracked 18 individual common terns from 07 June to 29 June 2018, and we used a hidden Markov model to assign behavioral states and investigate common tern movements around the HRBT. Common terns spent more than half their time in the colony (58%), followed by time devoted to foraging (22%), and the remainder of their time was spent on outbound (15%) and inbound (5%) transit. Terns traveled as far as 98km from the colony, but on average foraged relatively close to South Island (13.6 ± 0.3km, mean ± 1 SD). Individuals tended to forage in the same locations, but there was variation among individuals. Flying to foraging sites uses energy during the already energetically costly breeding season, thus managers should prioritize placing a new colony site in a location that minimizes the distance traveled to the foraging locations frequented by the South Island birds while accounting for other life-history characteristics. These findings could help in the design and construction of new breeding sites or the restoration of current sites for other, related species, particularly for which these data do not exist., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Catlin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Code of Ethics and Professional Standards of Conduct for Emergency Management Professionals.
- Author
-
Smith SM and Feldmann-Jensen S
- Subjects
- Humans, Ethics, Professional, Codes of Ethics, Quality of Life
- Abstract
The Code of Ethics and Professional Standards of Conduct for Emergency Management Professionals (2022) was recently created to further delineate the ethical boundaries and conduct expectations for professional emergency management practice. Significantly, the code of ethics provides an essential foundation toward recognition as a profession with hallmarks of monopoly, autonomy, and authority. The code and standards of conduct establish a clear definition of the role emergency management has in overseeing a complex, diverse risk portfolio that protects lives, livelihoods, and quality of life. The document captures the intent, challenges, dimensions, and significance of emergency management practice in a rapidly changing world and brings ethics to the forefront of decisions. This article speaks to the discursive dialogue toward, methodological development of, and future tools for integrating into practice the Code of Ethics and Professional Standards of Conduct for Emergency Management Professionals.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Bullying victimization among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2017 Sierra Leone Global School-Based Health Survey.
- Author
-
Osborne A, James PB, Bangura C, Tom Williams SM, Kangbai JB, and Lebbie A
- Abstract
Adolescent bullying victimization is recognized as a public health and mental health problem in many countries. However, data on bullying victimization's prevalence and risk factors is scarce in sub-Saharan Africa Sierra Leone. This research aimed to determine bullying victimization prevalence and its associated factors among Sierra Leonean school-going adolescents. The Sierra Leone 2017 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) dataset was analyzed. The outcome variable was the respondent's self-report of bullying victimization ("How many days in the previous 30 days were you bullied?"). Descriptive, Pearson chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The regression analysis yielded adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a significance level of p 0.05. Bullying victimization was prevalent among 48.7% of the in-school adolescents. Adolescents who drank alcohol [aOR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.50-4.10], who reported feelings of loneliness [aOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07-2.14] and who had attempted suicide [aOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.03-2.87] were also more likely to be bullied. Also, school truancy [aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.24-1.88] among teenagers was associated with an increased risk of being bullied. Our findings suggest that bullying is a widespread problem among Sierra Leonean school-aged youth, and alcohol drinking, loneliness, suicide attempt and school truancy are potential risk factors. In light of the aforementioned causes of bullying in schools, policymakers and school administrators in Sierra Leone need to develop and execute anti-bullying policies and initiatives that target the underlying risk factors of bullying among teenagers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Osborne et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Global warming and arctic terns: Estimating climate change impacts on the world's longest migration.
- Author
-
Morten JM, Buchanan PJ, Egevang C, Glissenaar IA, Maxwell SM, Parr N, Screen JA, Vigfúsdóttir F, Vogt-Vincent NS, Williams DA, Williams NC, Witt MJ, Hawkes LA, and Thurston W
- Subjects
- Animals, Global Warming, Atlantic Ocean, Wind, Arctic Regions, Climate Change, Charadriiformes
- Abstract
Climate change is one of the top three global threats to seabirds, particularly species that visit polar regions. Arctic terns migrate between both polar regions annually and rely on productive marine areas to forage, on sea ice for rest and foraging, and prevailing winds during flight. Here, we report 21st-century trends in environmental variables affecting arctic terns at key locations along their Atlantic/Indian Ocean migratory flyway during the non-breeding seasons, identified through tracking data. End-of-century climate change projections were derived from Earth System Models and multi-model means calculated in two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: 'middle-of-the-road' and 'fossil-fuelled development' scenarios. Declines in North Atlantic primary production emerge as a major impact to arctic terns likely to affect their foraging during the 21st century under a 'fossil-fuelled development' scenario. Minimal changes are, however, projected at three other key regions visited by arctic terns (Benguela Upwelling, Subantarctic Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean). Southern Ocean sea ice extent is likely to decline, but the magnitude of change and potential impacts on tern survival are uncertain. Small changes (<1 m s
-1 ) in winds are projected in both scenarios, but with minimal likely impacts on migration routes and duration. However, Southern Ocean westerlies are likely to strengthen and contract closer to the continent, which may require arctic terns to shift routes or flight strategies. Overall, we find minor effects of climate change on the migration of arctic terns, with the exception of poorer foraging in the North Atlantic. However, given that arctic terns travel over huge spatial scales and live for decades, they integrate minor changes in conditions along their migration routes such that the sum effect may be greater than the parts. Meeting carbon emission targets is vital to slow these end-of-century climatic changes and minimise extinction risk for a suite of polar species., (© 2023 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. To wait, or too late? Modeling the effects of delayed ofatumumab treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
- Author
-
Montgomery SM, Green L, Karoui H, Nicholas R, and Loh J
- Subjects
- Humans, State Medicine, Dimethyl Fumarate therapeutic use, Disease Progression, Immunosuppressive Agents, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting drug therapy, Multiple Sclerosis
- Abstract
Background: Several disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) reduce relapse rates and slow disease progression. RRMS DMTs have varying efficacy and administration routes; DMTs prescribed first may not be the most effective on relapses or disease progression. Here, we aimed to quantify the benefit of initiating ofatumumab, a high-efficacy DMT, earlier in the treatment pathway., Methods: Aggregate data from a real-world cohort of patients with RRMS, who were eligible for dimethyl fumarate (DMF) or ofatumumab treatment within the UK National Health Service ( N = 615), were used to produce a simulated patient cohort. The cohort was tracked through a discrete event simulation (DES) model, based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), with a lifetime time horizon. Outcomes assessed were: mean number of relapses, time to wheelchair (EDSS ≥7), and time to death. Two modeling approaches were used. The first compared outcomes between two treatment sequences (base case: ofatumumab to natalizumab versus DMF to ofatumumab). The second incorporated a time-specific delay of 1-5 years for switching from DMF to ofatumumab; the difference in outcomes as a function of increasing delay to ofatumumab are reported., Results: Compared with delayed ofatumumab, fewer relapses and increased time to wheelchair were predicted for earlier ofatumumab in the treatment-sequence approach (mean relapses over the lifetime time horizon: 8.63 versus 9.00; time to wheelchair: 17.55 versus 16.60 years). Time to death was similar for both sequences. At Year 10, a numerically greater proportion of patients receiving earlier ofatumumab had mild disease (EDSS 0-3: 44.12% versus 40.06%). Greater differences, reflecting poorer outcomes, were predicted for relapses and time to wheelchair with increasing delays to ofatumumab treatment., Conclusions: The DES model provided a means by which the magnitude of benefit associated with earlier ofatumumab initiation could be quantified; fewer relapses and a prolonged time to wheelchair were predicted.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Initiating Treatment with Low Fluorouracil Dose and Titrating According to Blood Levels in Patients Treated with a 46-Hour Continuous Infusion.
- Author
-
Khatib AW, Selub SM, Uryvaey A, Baranseh J, and Shai A
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Fluorouracil adverse effects, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Infusions, Intravenous, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Leucovorin therapeutic use, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Pancreatic Neoplasms drug therapy, Colonic Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
Introduction: Fluorouracil (5-FU) pharmacokinetics are variable, leading to a risk of toxicity in some patients and underdosing in others. Therapeutic drug monitoring of 5-FU was shown to reduce toxicity and increase efficacy. This study assessed the clinical utility of starting treatment with 70-80% of BSA calculated dose and titrating according to 5-FU blood levels and toxicity., Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of 126 patients treated with regimens containing 5-FU bolus and continuous infusion for 46 h for whom the 5-FU blood level was collected at least once. Response,and date of progression, and death were collected for patients with colon and pancreatic cancer., Results: In multivariate analysis, 5-FU blood levels were correlated with 5-FU dose and with age, albeit a small effect size (coefficient = 0.007). Of patients with colon cancer treated with an initial lower 5-FU dose, 18% had a therapeutic 5-FU blood level. The median survival was similar in patients with metastatic colon cancer treated with lower doses and those treated with a full dose. Of patients with pancreatic cancer treated with lower doses, 40% had therapeutic blood levels. The median survival was 13 months in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with lower 5-FU doses., Conclusion: Starting treatment with low 5-FU dose was associated with patient survival comparable to other published data, and a sizeable percentage of patients had therapeutic blood levels. This approach can be considered, especially in elderly and frail patients., (© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Investigation of Global Gene Expression of Human Blastocysts Diagnosed as Mosaic using Next-generation Sequencing.
- Author
-
Maxwell SM, Lhakhang TC, Lin Z, Kramer YG, Zhang Y, Wang F, Heguy A, Tsirigos A, Grifo JA, and Licciardi F
- Subjects
- Aneuploidy, Blastocyst metabolism, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Female, Gene Expression, Genetic Testing, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Mosaicism, Pregnancy, Preimplantation Diagnosis
- Abstract
Embryos are diagnosed as mosaic if their chromosomal copy number falls between euploid and aneuploid. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of mosaicism on global gene expression. This study included 42 blastocysts that underwent preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and were donated for IRB approved research. Fourteen blastocysts were diagnosed as mosaic with Next-generation Sequencing (NGS). Three NGS diagnosed euploid embryos, and 25 aneuploid embryos (9 NGS, 14 array Comparative Genomic Hybridization, 2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism array) were used as comparisons. RNA-sequencing was performed on all of the blastocysts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated using DESeq2/3.5 (R Bioconductor Package) with p < 0.05 considered significantly differentially expressed. Pathway analysis was performed on mosaic embryos using EnrichR with p < 0.05 considered significant. With euploid embryo gene expression used as a control, 12 of 14 mosaic embryos had fewer DEGs compared to aneuploid embryos involving the same chromosome. On principal component analysis (PCA), mosaic embryos mapped separately from aneuploid embryos. Pathways involving cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis were the most disrupted within mosaic embryos. Mosaic embryos have decreased disruption of global gene expression compared to aneuploid embryos. This study was limited by the small sample size, lack of replicate samples for each mosaic abnormality, and use of multiple different PGT-A platforms for the diagnosis of aneuploid embryos., (© 2022. Society for Reproductive Investigation.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Offshore renewables need an experimental mindset.
- Author
-
Johnson AF, Dawson CL, Conners MG, Locke CC, and Maxwell SM
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Wind
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcomes in Women With Heart Disease.
- Author
-
Quien MM, Hausvater A, Maxwell SM, and Weinberg CR
- Abstract
Background: Women with infertility and heart disease (HD) are increasingly seeking assisted reproductive technology (ART). There is only one other study that examines the safety profile of ART in this population. This study aims to evaluate the cardiac, reproductive, and obstetric outcomes of ART in women with HD., Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of women with underlying congenital or acquired HD who underwent ART at a single University fertility center from 1/2010-3/2019. Women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF), oocyte cryopreservation (OC) or embryo banking (EB) with HD were included. Cases were matched 3:1 with age-, cycle type- and cycle start date- matched controls without HD. Outcomes included cardiovascular (CV), reproductive, and obstetric complications during or following ART., Results: Twenty women with HD were included. 15 (75%) had congenital HD, 1 (5%) had valvular disease, 1 (5%) had acquired cardiomyopathy, and 3 (15%) had arrhythmias. 90% were New York Heart Association class I. 55% of HD cases were modified WHO (mWHO) risk classification 1-2, 40% were mWHO 2-3 or 3, 5% were mWHO 4. Cases underwent 25 IVF, 5 OC, and 5 EB cycles and were compared with 79 controls who underwent 174 cycles. No CV complications or deaths occurred amongst cases following ART or pregnancy. There was no difference in risk of ART or obstetric outcomes amongst cases versus controls., Conclusion: For women with HD in this small, low -risk cohort, ART posed few risks that were similar in frequency to healthy controls., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Quien, Hausvater, Maxwell and Weinberg.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats.
- Author
-
Maxwell SM, Kershaw F, Locke CC, Conners MG, Dawson C, Aylesworth S, Loomis R, and Johnson AF
- Subjects
- Animals, Oceans and Seas, Technology, Wind, Ecosystem, Renewable Energy
- Abstract
Offshore wind energy is expanding globally and new floating wind turbine technology now allows wind energy developments in areas previously too deep for fixed-platform turbines. Floating offshore wind has the potential to greatly expand our renewable energy portfolio, but with rapid expansion planned globally, concerns exist regarding impacts to marine species and habitats. Floating turbines currently exist in three countries but large-scale and rapid expansion is planned in over a dozen. This technology comes with unique potential ecological impacts. Here, we outline the various floating wind turbine configurations, and consider the potential impacts on marine mammals, seabirds, fishes and benthic ecosystems. We focus on the unique risks floating turbines may pose with respect to: primary and secondary entanglement of marine life in debris ensnared on mooring lines used to stabilize floating turbines or dynamic inter-array cables; behavioral modification and displacement, such as seabird attraction to perching opportunities; turbine and vessel collision; and benthic habitat degradation from turbine infrastructure, for example from scour from anchors and inter-array cables. We highlight mitigation techniques that can be applied by managers or mandated through policy, such as entanglement deterrents or the use of cable and mooring line monitoring technologies to monitor for and reduce entanglement potential, or smart siting to reduce impacts to critical habitats. We recommend turbine configurations that are likely to have the lower ecological impacts, particularly taut or semi-taut mooring configurations, and we recommend studies and technologies still needed that will allow for floating turbines to be applied with limited ecological impacts, for example entanglement monitoring and deterrent technologies. Our review underscores additional research and mitigation techniques are required for floating technology, beyond those needed for pile-driven offshore or inshore turbines, and that understanding and mitigating the unique impacts from this technology is critical to sustainability of marine ecosystems., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: The consequences for patients and healthcare systems, a healthcare professional survey.
- Author
-
Caseby SCL, Woodhouse FA, Montgomery SM, Kroes MA, and Duddy ME
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is an expected part of the disease trajectory for most patients. However, the transition is challenging to identify due to the gradual nature of progression, and the complications of superimposed relapses, comorbidities, and natural variability in symptoms. This healthcare professional (HCP) survey sought to characterize the transition to and management of SPMS in UK clinical practice., Methods: Telephone interviews with 20 neurologists and MS specialist nurses from England and Scotland gathered quantitative and qualitative responses. Numerical analyses and theoretical thematic methods were used to identify key emerging themes., Results: The burden SPMS imposes on patients and caregivers was a major theme; discharge from specialist services is common, leading to a sense of abandonment. Respondents acknowledged substantial hesitancy toward identifying SPMS, predominantly due to restricted options of licensed and reimbursed disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for SPMS compared with RRMS. Currently, HCPs continue DMTs under a label of RRMS, even after recognition of progression. This survey identified MS to be unusual in comparison with other disease areas in that reimbursement guidelines have a direct impact on clinicians' decisions around disease staging. Respondents suggested reimbursed DMTs proven to slow disability progression in SPMS will create a step-change in identifying SPMS, providing rationale to acknowledge progression earlier while removing key obstacles to identification. To aid this change, respondents identified a need for SPMS-specific diagnostic guidance, despite substantial divergence in implementation of current guidance., Conclusions: In contrast to the current heterogeneity, a more structured and standardized approach to the identification of SPMS, along with guidelines on treatment, will ensure patients can maximally benefit as treatment options for SPMS evolve., Competing Interests: Stephen Maxwell Montgomery and Fern Amy Woodhouse are employees of Costello Medical, who were contracted by Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK to undertake the work. Sophie Clare Laura Caseby was also an employee of Costello Medical at the time of the study. Michel Anton Kroes is an employee of Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK and a Novartis shareholder. Martin Edward Duddy has received honoraria for advisory boards, speaker's fees, research funding, and expenses to attend educational events from Novartis, Biogen, Celgene/Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, and TG Therapeutics., (© 2022 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Access to infertility care in a low-resource setting: bridging the gap through resident and fellow education in a New York City public hospital.
- Author
-
Blakemore JK, Maxwell SM, Hodes-Wertz B, and Goldman KN
- Subjects
- Adult, Education, Medical, Graduate, Female, Fertilization in Vitro, Genetic Counseling, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Humans, Infertility economics, Male, Middle Aged, New York City, Pregnancy, Reproductive Medicine economics, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted economics, Health Services Accessibility organization & administration, Hospitals, Public organization & administration, Infertility therapy, Reproductive Medicine education
- Abstract
Purpose: Improving access to care is an issue at the forefront of reproductive medicine. We sought to describe how one academic center, set in the background of a large and diverse metropolitan city, cares for patients with extremely limited access to reproductive specialists., Methods: The NYU Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) Fellowship program provides a "fellow-run clinic" within Manhattan's Bellevue Hospital Center, which is led by the REI fellows and supervised by the REI attendings of the NYU Langone Health system. A description of the history of the hospital as well as the logistics of the fertility clinic is provided as a logistical template for implementation., Results: The fellow-run fertility clinic at Bellevue hospital is held on two half days per month seeing approximately 150 new patients per year. The fertility workup, counseling, surgery, as well as ovulation induction, and early pregnancy management are offered within the construct of the fellowship and residency at NYU. Barriers to care and ways to circumvent those barriers are discussed in detail., Conclusion: By utilizing the ambition and construct of the OB/GYN programs, we greatly improve care for an otherwise underserved patient population by offering an efficient and optimal infertility workup and treatment in a population that would otherwise be without care. We utilize the framework of graduate medical education to provide autonomy, experience, and mentorship to both residents and fellows in our programs in an effort to provide a solution to combating inequity in infertility care.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. ROCK-mediated selective activation of PERK signalling causes fibroblast reprogramming and tumour progression through a CRELD2-dependent mechanism.
- Author
-
Boyle ST, Poltavets V, Kular J, Pyne NT, Sandow JJ, Lewis AC, Murphy KJ, Kolesnikoff N, Moretti PAB, Tea MN, Tergaonkar V, Timpson P, Pitson SM, Webb AI, Whitfield RJ, Lopez AF, Kochetkova M, and Samuel MS
- Subjects
- Activating Transcription Factor 4 genetics, Activating Transcription Factor 4 metabolism, Animals, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts metabolism, Cell Adhesion Molecules genetics, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Endoplasmic Reticulum metabolism, Extracellular Matrix Proteins genetics, Female, Humans, Mice, Paracrine Communication, eIF-2 Kinase genetics, rho-Associated Kinases genetics, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts pathology, Cell Adhesion Molecules metabolism, Cellular Reprogramming, Extracellular Matrix Proteins metabolism, eIF-2 Kinase metabolism, rho-Associated Kinases metabolism
- Abstract
It is well accepted that cancers co-opt the microenvironment for their growth. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie cancer-microenvironment interactions are still poorly defined. Here, we show that Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in the mammary tumour epithelium selectively actuates protein-kinase-R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), causing the recruitment and persistent education of tumour-promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are part of the cancer microenvironment. An analysis of tumours from patients and mice reveals that cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2 (CRELD2) is the paracrine factor that underlies PERK-mediated CAF education downstream of ROCK. We find that CRELD2 is regulated by PERK-regulated ATF4, and depleting CRELD2 suppressed tumour progression, demonstrating that the paracrine ROCK-PERK-ATF4-CRELD2 axis promotes the progression of breast cancer, with implications for cancer therapy.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Publisher Correction: ROCK-mediated selective activation of PERK signalling causes fibroblast reprogramming and tumour progression through a CRELD2-dependent mechanism.
- Author
-
Boyle ST, Poltavets V, Kular J, Pyne NT, Sandow JJ, Lewis AC, Murphy KJ, Kolesnikoff N, Moretti PAB, Tea MN, Tergaonkar V, Timpson P, Pitson SM, Webb AI, Whitfield RJ, Lopez AF, Kochetkova M, and Samuel MS
- Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Performance evaluation of cetacean species distribution models developed using generalized additive models and boosted regression trees.
- Author
-
Becker EA, Carretta JV, Forney KA, Barlow J, Brodie S, Hoopes R, Jacox MG, Maxwell SM, Redfern JV, Sisson NB, Welch H, and Hazen EL
- Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) are important management tools for highly mobile marine species because they provide spatially and temporally explicit information on animal distribution. Two prevalent modeling frameworks used to develop SDMs for marine species are generalized additive models (GAMs) and boosted regression trees (BRTs), but comparative studies have rarely been conducted; most rely on presence-only data; and few have explored how features such as species distribution characteristics affect model performance. Since the majority of marine species BRTs have been used to predict habitat suitability, we first compared BRTs to GAMs that used presence/absence as the response variable. We then compared results from these habitat suitability models to GAMs that predict species density (animals per km
2 ) because density models built with a subset of the data used here have previously received extensive validation. We compared both the explanatory power (i.e., model goodness of fit) and predictive power (i.e., performance on a novel dataset) of the GAMs and BRTs for a taxonomically diverse suite of cetacean species using a robust set of systematic survey data (1991-2014) within the California Current Ecosystem. Both BRTs and GAMs were successful at describing overall distribution patterns throughout the study area for the majority of species considered, but when predicting on novel data, the density GAMs exhibited substantially greater predictive power than both the presence/absence GAMs and BRTs, likely due to both the different response variables and fitting algorithms. Our results provide an improved understanding of some of the strengths and limitations of models developed using these two methods. These results can be used by modelers developing SDMs and resource managers tasked with the spatial management of marine species to determine the best modeling technique for their question of interest., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Clinical error rates of next generation sequencing and array comparative genomic hybridization with single thawed euploid embryo transfer.
- Author
-
Friedenthal J, Maxwell SM, Tiegs AW, Besser AG, McCaffrey C, Munné S, Noyes N, and Grifo JA
- Subjects
- Abortion, Spontaneous diagnosis, Abortion, Spontaneous etiology, Aneuploidy, Embryo Transfer standards, Female, Fertilization in Vitro standards, Humans, Pregnancy, Sequence Analysis, DNA standards, Abortion, Spontaneous genetics, Comparative Genomic Hybridization standards, Diagnostic Errors statistics & numerical data, Embryo Transfer adverse effects, Fertilization in Vitro adverse effects, Genetic Testing standards, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing standards
- Abstract
We investigated clinical error rates with single thawed euploid embryo transfer (STEET) diagnosed by next generation sequencing (NGS) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). A total of 1997 STEET cycles after IVF with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) from 2010 to 2017 were identified; 1151 STEET cycles utilized NGS, and 846 STEET cycles utilized aCGH. Any abortions, spontaneous or elective, in which products of conception (POCs) were collected were reviewed. Discrepancies between chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, or live birth results and PGT-A diagnosis were also included. Primary outcomes were clinical error rate per: ET, pregnancy with gestational sac, live birth, and spontaneous abortion with POCs available for analysis. Secondary outcomes included implantation rate (IR), spontaneous abortion rate (SABR), and ongoing pregnancy/live birth rate (OPR/LBR). The clinical error rates in the NGS cohort were: 0.7% per embryo, 1% per pregnancy with gestational sac, and 0.1% rate per OP/LB. The error rate per SAB with POCs was 13.3%. The IR was 69.1%, the OPR/LBR was 61.6%, and the spontaneous abortion rate was 10.2%. The clinical error rates in the aCGH cohort were: 1.3% per embryo, 2% per pregnancy with gestational sac, and 0.4% rate per OP/LB. The error rate per SAB with POCs was 23.3%. The IR was 63.8%, the OPR/LBR was 54.6%, and the SAB rate was 12.4%. Our findings demonstrate that, although NGS and aCGH are sensitive platforms for PGT-A, errors still occur. Appropriate patient counseling and routine prenatal screening are recommended for all patients undergoing IVF/PGT-A., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. YAP Non-cell-autonomously Promotes Pluripotency Induction in Mouse Cells.
- Author
-
Hartman AA, Scalf SM, Zhang J, Hu X, Chen X, Eastman AE, Yang C, and Guo S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 metabolism, Cytokines metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Mice, Protein Binding, YAP-Signaling Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing genetics, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing metabolism, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Cell Cycle Proteins metabolism, Pluripotent Stem Cells cytology
- Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is known to promote the stemness of multiple stem cell types, including pluripotent stem cells, while also antagonizing pluripotency during early embryogenesis. How YAP accomplishes these distinct functions remains unclear. Here, we report that, depending on the specific cells in which it is expressed, YAP could exhibit opposing effects on pluripotency induction from mouse somatic cells. Specifically, YAP inhibits pluripotency induction cell-autonomously but promotes it non-cell-autonomously. For its non-cell-autonomous role, YAP alters the expression of many secreted and matricellular proteins, including CYR61. YAP's non-cell-autonomous promoting effect could be recapitulated by recombinant CYR61 and abrogated by CYR61 depletion. Thus, we define a YAP-driven effect on enhancing pluripotency induction largely mediated by CYR61. Our work highlights the importance of considering the distinct contributions from heterologous cell types in deciphering cell fate control mechanisms and calls for careful re-examination of the co-existing bystander cells in complex cultures and tissues., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Mobile protected areas for biodiversity on the high seas.
- Author
-
Maxwell SM, Gjerde KM, Conners MG, and Crowder LB
- Subjects
- Animals, Birds, Fisheries, Mammals, Tuna, United Nations, Animal Migration, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources legislation & jurisprudence, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Oceans and Seas
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.