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6. Inhibition of human periodontal prostaglandin E2 synthesis with selected agents

Author

Offenbacher, S., Odle, B. M., Green, M. D., Mayambala, C. S., Smith, M. A., Fritz, M. E., van Dyke, T. E., Yeh, K. C., and Sena, F. J.

Abstract

Considerable evidence has demonstrated the importance of PGE2 synthesis in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Although various cyclooxygenase inhibitors have been known to block periodontal PGE2 synthesis and prevent disease progression in animal models, there are few reports comparing relative efficacies of various inhibitors of arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism. We have developed a sensitivein vitro assay to measure PGE2 synthesis in periodontal tissues. The apparent IC50 values (i.e. the concentration of drug which causes 50% inhibition of maximum PGE2 synthesis) have been determined for a series of arachidonic acid analogues as well as competitive and non-competitive cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Periodontal tissue homogenates were incubated in the presence of3H-arachidonic acid for 45 min at 37°C. Inhibitors were tested at 10−10–10−4M and at zero concentration to measure conversion of3H-arachidonate to3H-PGE2. Log or half log dilutions of inhibitors were tested in triplicate for each assay. Radiolabeled PGE2 was extracted from homogenates, purified by reverse phase chromatography and quantitated by double antibody capture. RIA was performed on each homogenate to determine the amount of endogenous unlabeled PGE2 present in the sample to correct for antibody capture recovery. The apparent IC50 values were determined for each drug by averaging two or more replicate assays. Specific total enzymatic activity of periodontal tissue homogenates was typically 5–11 pg PGE2/min/mg tissue. The following series of compounds were tested and are listed in order of increasing IC50 values: α-tocopherol (3.3×10−9M), ketoprofen (5.4×10−9M), indomethacin (1.0×10−8M), flurbiprofen (1.5×10−8M), meclofenamate (1.5×10−6M), naproxen (2.5×10−6M), docosahexaenoic acid (1.0×10−5M), eicosapentaenoic acid (1.5×10−5M), and ibuprofen (1.5×10−5M). These data will enable the rational design of pharmacological formulations to inhibit periodontal tissue PGE2 synthesis and resultant inflammation, attachment loss and bone resorption.

Published
1990
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7. Prevalence of sickle cell trait and needs assessment for uptake of sickle cell screening among secondary school students in Kampala City, Uganda.

Author

Namukasa S, Maina R, Nakaziba S, Among G, Asasira L, Mayambala P, Atukwatse J, Namuguzi M, and Sarki AM

Subjects
Adolescent, Humans, Prevalence, Uganda epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Needs Assessment, Schools, Students, Sickle Cell Trait diagnosis, Sickle Cell Trait epidemiology, Sickle Cell Trait genetics, Anemia, Sickle Cell diagnosis, Anemia, Sickle Cell epidemiology, Anemia, Sickle Cell genetics
Abstract

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most frequent and traumatizing genetic disease in Uganda, with the prevalence of the sickle cell trait (SCT) estimated at 13.3% leading to serious psycho-social and economic impact on the patients and their families., Aim: This study aimed to determine the burden of SCT and factors influencing the uptake of screening services among secondary school students in Uganda., Methods: We used an analytical cross-sectional design with a multi-stage sampling approach. A total of 399 students from four secondary schools in Kampala City were enrolled in this study. Data were gathered using semi-structured questionnaires and blood screening. We used the sickling test to determine the presence of sickle cell alleles among the participants and hemoglobin electrophoresis as a confirmatory test. Data gathered using the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics., Results: In total, 5.8% of participants who were tested during this study had SCT. Most (80.2%) participants were not in an intimate relationship at the time of data collection. The majority (60.4%) had moderate knowledge about SCT screening and obtained information about screening from the school. Only 29 (7.3%) participants knew of a family member with sickle cell. Overall, participants had a negative attitude toward SCT screening (67%), although 41.6% believed that most people who were sickle cell carriers did not live long and were often sick. Statistically significant associations were found between testing for SCT and knowing a partner's sickle cell status (odds ratio [OR] 2.112, p = 0.043) and Anglican religion (OR 2.075, p = 0.047)., Conclusion: Despite the moderate level of knowledge and negative attitudes, a relatively large number of participants had SCT. This highlights the need for a comprehensive health education package targeting adolescents to promote SCD/SCT screening., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Namukasa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2024
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