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217 results on '"McAuliffe T"'

1. The mechanism of twin thickening and the elastic strain state of TWIP steel nanotwins

Author

Kwok, T W J, McAuliffe, T P, Ackerman, A K, Savitzky, B H, Danaie, M, Ophus, C, and Dye, D

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

A Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel with a nominal composition of Fe-16.4Mn-0.9C-0.5Si-0.05Nb-0.05V was deformed to an engineering strain of 6\%. The strain around the deformation twins were mapped using the 4D-STEM technique. Strain mapping showed a large average elastic strain of approximately 6\% in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the twinning direction. However, the large average strain comprised of several hot spots of even larger strains of up to 12\%. These hot spots could be attributed to a high density of sessile Frank dislocations on the twin boundary and correspond to shear stresses of 1--1.5 GPa. The strain and therefore stress fields are significantly larger than other materials known to twin and are speculated to be responsible for the early thickness saturation of TWIP steel nanotwins. The ability to keep twins extremely thin helps improve grain fragmentation, \textit{i.e.} the dynamic Hall-Petch effect, and underpins the large elongations and strain hardening rates in TWIP steels.

Published
2022

2. 4D-STEM elastic stress state characterisation of a TWIP steel nanotwin

Author

McAuliffe, T P, Ackerman, A K, Savitzky, B H, Kwok, T W J, Danaie, M, Ophus, C, and Dye, D

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We measure the stress state in and around a deformation nanotwin in a twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel. Using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM), we measure the elastic strain field in a 68.2-by-83.1 nm area of interest with a scan step of 0.36 nm and a diffraction limit resolution of 0.73 nm. The stress field in and surrounding the twin matches the form expected from analytical theory and is on the order of 15 GPa, close to the theoretical strength of the material. We infer that the measured back-stress limits twin thickening, providing a rationale for why TWIP steel twins remain thin during deformation, continuously dividing grains to give substantial work hardening. Our results support modern mechanistic understanding of the influence of twinning on crack propagation and embrittlement in TWIP steels., Comment: After peer review comments and resubmission

Published
2020

3. Advancing characterisation with statistics from correlative electron diffraction and X-ray spectroscopy, in the scanning electron microscope

Author

McAuliffe, T. P., Foden, A., Bilsland, C., Daskalaki-Mountanou, D., Dye, D., and Britton, T. B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The routine and unique determination of minor phases in microstructures is critical to materials science. In metallurgy alone, applications include alloy and process development and the understanding of degradation in service. We develop a correlative method, exploring superalloy microstructures which are examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) using simultaneous energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). This is performed at an appropriate length scale for characterisation of carbide phases' shape, size, location, and distribution. EDS and EBSD data are generated using two different physical processes, but each provide a signature of the material interacting with the incoming electron beam. Recent advances in post-processing, driven by "big data" approaches, include use of principal component analysis (PCA). Components are subsequently characterised to assign labels to a mapped region. To provide physically meaningful signals, the principal components may be rotated to control the distribution of variance. In this work, we develop this method further through a weighted PCA approach. We use the EDS and EBSD signals concurrently, thereby labelling each region using both EDS (chemistry) and EBSD (crystal structure) information. This provides a new method of amplifying signal-to-noise for very small phases in mapped regions, especially where the EDS or EBSD signal is not unique enough alone for classification., Comment: As resubmitted after one round of peer review

Published
2019
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6. Effect of high temperature service on the complex through-wall microstructure of centrifugally cast HP40 reformer tube

Author

Dessolier, T, McAuliffe, T, Hamer, WJ, Hermse, CGM, Britton, TB, and Shell Global Solutions International BV

Subjects
physics.app-ph, cond-mat.mtrl-sci
Abstract

Centrifugally cast reformer tubes are used in petrochemical plants for hydrogen production. Due to the conditions of hydrogen production, reformer tubes are exposed to high temperature which causes creep damage inside the microstructure. In this study, two different ex-service HP40 alloy reformer tubes which come from the same steam reformer unit have been compared by microstructural characterisation performed at a range of length scales from mm to um. Analyses performed by EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction), EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) show that both tubes have similar microstructural constituents, with the presence of an austenitic matrix and M23C6, G phase and M6C carbides at the grain boundaries. Even if both tubes have a similar microstructure, one tube due to it localisation inside the steam reformer unit presents a region with more micro cracks which may indicate that this tube have accumulated more creep damage than the other one.

Published
2020

9. Intergenerational mentoring at Men's Sheds: A feasibility study

Author

Wilson, N.J., Cordier, R., Ciccarelli, M., MacCallum, J., Milbourn, B., Vaz, S., Joosten, A., Buchanan, A., McAuliffe, T., Stancliffe, R.J., Wilson, N.J., Cordier, R., Ciccarelli, M., MacCallum, J., Milbourn, B., Vaz, S., Joosten, A., Buchanan, A., McAuliffe, T., and Stancliffe, R.J.

Abstract

Background This study reports on the feasibility of an intergenerational mentoring programme for youth with intellectual disability (ID) aimed at developing skills and building networks. Methods Youth with ID were paired with older male mentors who were trained to support the mentees participate in activities and social interactions during weekly sessions. We interviewed the mentees and mentors, and assessed them on a range of outcomes using standardized measures. Results Interviews highlighted that the programme presented a great “opportunity” for the mentees and mentors. The participants described facilitators and challenges to the acquisition of practical skills by mentees and the development of relationships between mentors and mentees, including communication, transportation and mentor training. The youth with ID had difficulty completing the self-report measures. Conclusions Mentoring programmes are viable to support youth with ID during the transition to adulthood; however, refinement is required in the rollout out of a pilot intervention.

Published
2018

10. The experiences of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder: Managing family routines and mothers’ health and wellbeing

Author

McAuliffe, T., Thomas, Y., Vaz, Sharmila, Falkmer, Torbjorn, Cordier, Reinie, McAuliffe, T., Thomas, Y., Vaz, Sharmila, Falkmer, Torbjorn, and Cordier, Reinie

Abstract

© 2018 Occupational Therapy Australia Background/aim: Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) use family routines to provide predictability and structure to support occupational engagement of their family members. Mothers assume the major role to orchestrate occupations in constructing family routines, which may impact their health and wellbeing. However, the experiences of mothers in managing family routines and their health and wellbeing have not been the main focus in previous research. Thus, this study explored the experiences of mothers of children with ASD in managing family routines and their perceptions of the impact of family routines on their health and wellbeing. Methods: An interpretive phenomenological approach was used. Twenty mothers of children with ASD, aged between 28 and 56 years, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and each transcript was analysed. Results: Five themes that summarise mothers’ perceptions towards health and wellbeing when managing family routines emerged: (i) Keeping on track keeping healthy; (ii) My life is busy, because I do everything for everyone else; (iii) Keeping on track all the time is tiring or frustrating; (iv) Looking after my family by looking after myself; and (v) I am not perfect and it is OK. Conclusion: This study highlighted the substantial efforts required in constructing family routines that may be at the cost of mothers’ health and wellbeing. However, mothers may be able to cope with everyday demands in managing family routines by changing their perspectives. By integrating ‘me-time’ activities in family routines, mothers may be able to support their own health and wellbeing. Mothers’ values and needs are reflected in family routines; hence, thorough understanding of family routines may be a key to support mothers’ occupational engagement.

Published
2018

13. Intergenerational mentoring at Men's Sheds: A feasibility study

Author

Wilson, N., Cordier, Reinie, Ciccarelli, M., Maccallum, J., Milbourn, B., Vaz, S., Joosten, Annette, Buchanan, Angus, Mcauliffe, T., Stancliffe, R., Wilson, N., Cordier, Reinie, Ciccarelli, M., Maccallum, J., Milbourn, B., Vaz, S., Joosten, Annette, Buchanan, Angus, Mcauliffe, T., and Stancliffe, R.

Abstract

© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Background: This study reports on the feasibility of an intergenerational mentoring programme for youth with intellectual disability (ID) aimed at developing skills and building networks. Methods: Youth with ID were paired with older male mentors who were trained to support the mentees participate in activities and social interactions during weekly sessions. We interviewed the mentees and mentors, and assessed them on a range of outcomes using standardized measures. Results: Interviews highlighted that the programme presented a great "opportunity" for the mentees and mentors. The participants described facilitators and challenges to the acquisition of practical skills by mentees and the development of relationships between mentors and mentees, including communication, transportation and mentor training. The youth with ID had difficulty completing the self-report measures. Conclusions: Mentoring programmes are viable to support youth with ID during the transition to adulthood; however, refinement is required in the rollout out of a pilot intervention.

Published
2017

14. The appropriateness and feasibility of an online e-Portfolio for assessment of undergraduate allied health students

Author

McAuliffe, T., Wilson, N., Totino, R., Dender, Alma, Smith, C., Stephens, M., Cordier, Reinie, McAuliffe, T., Wilson, N., Totino, R., Dender, Alma, Smith, C., Stephens, M., and Cordier, Reinie

Abstract

Background/aim: Online technologies are widely used in tertiary institutions for both learning and assessment. There is a paucity of research into the use of e-Portfolios for assessment in the field of occupational therapy and other allied health disciplines. This study aimed to determine if a new assessment platform, using a flexible online learning platform, PebblePad™, is appropriate and feasible for use with allied health university staff and students in their first and second year of study. Methods: A mixed methods approach was employed in two phases, before the development of a new assessment (Phase 1) and after completion of the new assessment (Phase 2), aimed to generate a comprehensive analysis of the appropriateness and feasibility of the new assessment platform. Inductive thematic analysis was used to investigate participants’ focus group responses in both phases. To assess learning outcomes survey responses were analysed using t-tests, and descriptive ratings of the assessment and current use of online platforms were extracted. Results: Triangulated results indicate that the assessment did not meet all five domains of appropriateness. Negative experiences and a lack of social and ecological validity were attributed to the PebblePad™. The PebblePad™ was not feasible, requiring extensive support in implementation. Conclusions: While PebblePad™ did not meet all domains of appropriateness and was not feasible, students reported learning gains after completing the assessment, suggesting that content may be more important than the assessment platform. More rigorous research is needed to determine the best online platform for assessment in the allied health disciplines.

Published
2015

15. Should Schools Expect Poor Physical and Mental Health, Social Adjustment, and Participation Outcomes in Students with Disability?

Author

Vaz, Sharmila, Cordier, Reinie, Falkmer, Marita, Ciccarelli, Marina, Parsons, Richard, McAuliffe, T., Falkmer, Torbjorn, Vaz, Sharmila, Cordier, Reinie, Falkmer, Marita, Ciccarelli, Marina, Parsons, Richard, McAuliffe, T., and Falkmer, Torbjorn

Abstract

The literature on whether students with disabilities have worse physical and mental health, social adjustment, and participation outcomes when compared to their peers without disabilities is largely inconclusive. While the majority of case control studies showed significantly worse outcomes for students with disabilities; the proportion of variance accounted for is rarely reported. The current study used a population cross-sectional approach to determine the classification ability of commonly used screening and outcome measures in determining the disability status. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify the variables, if any, that best predicted the presence of disability. Results of univariate discriminant function analyses suggest that across the board, the sensitivity of the outcome/screening tools to correctly identify students with a disability was 31.9% higher than the related Positive Predictive Value (PPV). The lower PPV and Positive Likelihood Ratio (LR+) scores suggest that the included measures had limited discriminant ability (17.6% to 40.3%) in accurately identifying students at-risk for further assessment. Results of multivariate analyses suggested that poor health and hyperactivity increased the odds of having a disability about two to three times, while poor close perceived friendship and academic competences predicted disability with roughly the same magnitude. Overall, the findings of the current study highlight the need for researchers and clinicians to familiarize themselves with the psychometric properties of measures, and be cautious in matching the function of the measures with their research and clinical needs.

Published
2015

16. Risk of morbidity following catheter removal among neonates with catheter associated bloodstream infection.

Author

Garland, J. S., Kanneberg, S., Mayr, K. A., Porter, D. M., Heuvel, A. Vanden, Kurziak, J., and McAuliffe, T. L.

Subjects
CENTRAL line-associated bloodstream infections, NEONATAL infections, CONFIDENCE intervals, PARENTERAL feeding, REGRESSION analysis, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized that infectious morbidities following percutaneously inserted central venous catheter (PICC) removal would be greater among neonates with central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLBASI). STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study, included all neonates who required a PICC over a ten-year period. Outcomes assessed following PICC removal included: late bloodstream infection, rule-out sepsis workups, need for a subsequent PICC and antibiotic days and PICC days after PICC removal. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for outcomes. Regression analyses were used to control for confounders. RESULTS: Two-thousand nine hundred and thirteen neonates required at least one PICC during the study period. After adjusting for confounders neonates with CLABSI were 3.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5, 4.6) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.2, 4.0) times more likely respectively to require a subsequent PICC or develop a late bloodstream infection after PICC removal. Neonates with CLABSI required 1.33 (95% CI 0.77, 1.89) more days of antibiotic treatment and 6.85 (95% CI 5.34, 8.37) more PICC days following PICC removal than neonates without a CLABSI. CONCLUSIONS: Neonates with CLABSI are at risk for additional infectious morbidities after PICC removal. Future intervention studies aimed at reducing CLABSI should evaluate whether morbidities following catheterization are also reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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17. Functional MR activation correlated with intraoperative cortical mapping

Author

Yetkin, F Z, Mueller, W M, Morris, G L, McAuliffe, T L, Ulmer, J L, Cox, R W, Daniels, D L, and Haughton, V M

Subjects
Cerebral Cortex, Afferent Pathways, Brain Mapping, Mouth, Epilepsy, Brain Neoplasms, Echo-Planar Imaging, Verbal Behavior, Electroencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Motor Activity, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychosurgery, Thinking, Postoperative Complications, Tongue, Monitoring, Intraoperative, Journal Article, Computer Graphics, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Dominance, Cerebral
Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the spatial specificity of functional MR imaging by comparing it with intraoperative electrocortical mapping. METHODS: Functional MR imaging was performed in 28 patients before awake craniotomy and intraoperative electrocortical mapping. Activation was mapped for finger movement, lip movement, tongue movement, word generation, and counting paradigms. During surgery, finger movement, lip movement, tongue movement, counting, and/or speaking were mapped. The functional images and the photographic recordings of the brain functions mapped during surgery were converted to bit maps and coregistered by a computer program. The distance between the intraoperatively mapped function site and the MR activation site for a comparable function was measured. RESULTS: Forty-six functions were recorded on MR images and intraoperative maps. In 100% of correlations, the intraoperative site and the MR activation site were within 20 mm; in 87% of correlations they were within 10 mm. For each paradigm, 67% or more of the intraoperative stimulation maps correlated within 10 mm of the MR activation site. CONCLUSIONS: For the tasks used in this study, the activation site on functional MR images correlated well with the site at which intraoperative stimulation identified function.

Published
1997

18. Test-retest precision of functional MR in sensory and motor task activation

Author

Yetkin, F Z, McAuliffe, T L, Cox, R, and Haughton, V M

Subjects
Adult, Male, Brain Mapping, Echo-Planar Imaging, Brain, Reproducibility of Results, Motor Activity, Hand, behavioral disciplines and activities, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Frontal Lobe, body regions, Fingers, Reference Values, Regional Blood Flow, Touch, Parietal Lobe, Journal Article, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Female, Arousal, Artifacts
Abstract

PURPOSE: To determine the test-retest precision of functional MR maps of regions in the brain "activated" by sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks. METHODS: Echo-planar images were acquired at 1.5 T in four subjects during voluntary motor activity involving the thumb and fingers and during tactile stimulation of the palm. Each subject performed the two tasks twice. Functional images of each task were generated at three thresholds. Test-retest precision was calculated in terms of two ratios: 1) the pixels activated in both iterations of the tasks in proportion to the pixels activated by either iteration of the task, and 2) the ratio modified to include first-order neighboring pixels. The first is referred to as pixel precision, and the latter as first-order-neighbor pixel precision. RESULTS: In each subject, activation from the first and second iteration of each task was located in the same region of the same gyrus. Pixel precision was .57 for the two tasks (at a threshold of 0.50). First-order-neighbor precision was greater than .80 for the two tasks at the same threshold. CONCLUSION: High test-retest precision can be obtained in functional MR.

Published
1996

20. Programmes, resources, and needs of HIV-prevention nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Africa, Central/Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean

Author

Kelly, J. A., primary, Somlai, A. M., additional, Benotsch, E. G., additional, Amirkhanian, Y. A., additional, Fernandez, M. I., additional, Stevenson, L. Y., additional, Sitzler, C. A., additional, Mcauliffe, T. L., additional, Brown, K. D., additional, and Opgenorth, K. M., additional

Published
2006
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48. Vitamin K1Metabolism and the Production of Des-Carboxy Prothrombin and Protein C in the Term and Premature Neonate

Author

Bovill, E.G., Soil, R.F., Lynch, M., Bhushan, F., Landesman, M., Freije, M., Church, W., McAuliffe, T., Davidson, K., and Sadowski, J.

Abstract

This study investigated the incidences of undercarboxylated (protein induced by vitamin K absence: PIVKA) prothrombin and protein C in 496 neonates across a wide range of gestational ages. These findings are related to vitamin K1levels (an indicator of cofactor availability) and vitamin K1epoxide levels (a measure of the efficiency of the hepatic vitamin K cycle). PIVKA protein C was present in at least trace amounts in 27% of infants; whereas. PIVKA prothrombin was present in 7% of infants. PIVKA prothrombin and protein C were present at high plasma concentrations in 2% to 3% of term and preterm neonates and both PIVKA protein C and prothrombin increased with gestational age. Despite elevated plasma concentrations of PIVKA protein C and diminished levels of normally carboxylated protein C, clinical thrombosis was not observed. The mean (±SD) vitamin K, level in the study population was 0.009 ± 0.02 nmol/L (adult reference interval: 0.3 to 2.6 nmol/L) with no clear relationship between vitamin K, levels and production of PIVKA protein C or prothrombin. By comparison with adults, the epoxide form of the vitamin comprised an abnormally high proportion of total vitamin K1; this suggests possible inefficiencies in hepatic reductase cycling.

Published
1993
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