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180 results on '"McBride, E. E."'

1. Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting

Author: Hartley, N. J., Grenzer, J., Huang, L., Inubushi, Y., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Kodama, R., Kon, A., Lu, W., Makita, M., Matsuoka, T., Nakajima, S., Ozaki, N., Pikuz, T., Rode, A., Sagae, D., Schuster, A. K., Tono, K., Voigt, K., Vorberger, J., Yabuuchi, T., McBride, E. E., and Kraus, D.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We present results from the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) XFEL facility, using a high intensity ($\sim\!10^{20}\,$W/cm$^2$) X-ray pump X-ray probe scheme to observe changes in the ionic structure of silicon induced by X-ray heating of the electrons. By avoiding Laue spots in the scattering signal from a single crystalline sample, we observe a rapid rise in diffuse scattering, which we attribute to a loss of lattice order and a transition to a liquid state within 100 fs of irradiation, a timescale which agrees well with first principles simulations, but is faster than that predicted by purely inertial behavior. This method is capable of observing liquid scattering without masking or filtering of signal from the ambient solid, allowing the liquid structure to be measured throughout and beyond the phase change., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Updated title and abstract
Published: 2020
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2. Time-resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm-Dense Aluminium

Author: Vinko, S. M., Vozda, V., Andreasson, J., Bajt, S., Bielecki, J., Burian, T., Chalupsky, J., Ciricosta, O., Desjarlais, M. P., Fleckenstein, H., Hajdu, J., Hajkova, V., Hollebon, P., Juha, L., Kasim, M. F., McBride, E. E., Muehlig, K., Preston, T. R., Rackstraw, D. S., Roling, S., Toleikis, S., Wark, J. S., and Zacharias, H.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: The free-free opacity in plasmas is fundamental to our understanding of energy transport in stellar interiors and for inertial confinement fusion research. However, theoretical predictions in the challenging dense plasma regime are conflicting and there is a dearth of accurate experimental data to allow for direct model validation. Here we present time-resolved transmission measurements in solid-density Al heated by an XUV free-electron laser. We use a novel functional optimization approach to extract the temperature-dependent absorption coefficient directly from an oversampled pool of single-shot measurements, and find a pronounced enhancement of the opacity as the plasma is heated to temperatures of order the Fermi energy. Plasma heating and opacity-enhancement is observed on ultrafast time scales, within the duration of the femtosecond XUV pulse. We attribute further rises in the opacity on ps timescales to melt and the formation of warm-dense matter.
Published: 2020
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3. Setup for meV-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering measurements at the Matter in Extreme Conditions Endstation at the LCLS

Author: McBride, E. E., White, T. G., Descamps, A., Fletcher, L. B., Appel, K., Condamine, F., Curry, C. B., Dallari, F., Funk, S., Galtier, E., Gauthier, M., Goede, S., Kim, J. B., Lee, H. J., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Oliver, M., Rigby, A., Schoenwaelder, C., Sun, P., Tschentscher, Th., Witte, B. B. L., Zastrau, U., Gregori, G., Nagler, B., Hastings, J., Glenzer, S. H., and Monaco, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We describe a setup for performing inelastic X-ray scattering measurements at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) endstation of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). This technique is capable of performing high-, meV-resolution measurements of dynamic ion features in both crystalline and non-crystalline materials. A four-bounce silicon (533) monochromator was used in conjunction with three silicon (533) diced crystal analyzers to provide an energy resolution of ~50 meV over a range of ~500 meV in single shot measurements. In addition to the instrument resolution function, we demonstrate the measurement of longitudinal acoustic phonon modes in polycrystalline diamond. Furthermore, this setup may be combined with the high intensity laser drivers available at MEC to create warm dense matter, and subsequently measure ion acoustic modes., Comment: Proceedings for High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics
Published: 2018
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4. Liquid Structure of Shock-Compressed Hydrocarbons at Megabar Pressures

Author: Hartley, N. J., Vorberger, J., Doppner, T., Cowan, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Rohatsch, K., Saunders, A. M., Schuster, A.‰ K., Sun, P., van Driel, T., and Kraus, D.
Published: 2018

5. High-pressure chemistry of hydrocarbons relevant to planetary interiors and inertial confinement fusion

Author: Kraus, D., Hartley, N. J, Frydrych, S., Schuster, A. K, Rohatsch, K., Rödel, M., Cowan, T. E, Brown, S., Cunningham, E., van Driel, T., Fletcher, L. B, Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J, Laso Garcia, A., Gericke, D. O, Granados, E., Heimann, P. A, Lee, H. J, MacDonald, M. J, MacKinnon, A. J, McBride, E. E, Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Saunders, A. M, Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Turner, S. J, Zettl, A., Falcone, R. W, Glenzer, S. H, T. Döppner, T., and Vorberger, J.
Published: 2018

6. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn

Author: Gorman, M. G., primary, McGonegle, D., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Singh, S., additional, Jenkins, T., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, Albertazzi, B., additional, Ali, S. J., additional, Antonelli, L., additional, Armstrong, M. R., additional, Baehtz, C., additional, Ball, O. B., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, Belonoshko, A. B., additional, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., additional, Bolme, C. A., additional, Bouffetier, V., additional, Briggs, R., additional, Buakor, K., additional, Butcher, T., additional, Di Dio Cafiso, S., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chantel, J., additional, Di Cicco, A., additional, Clarke, S., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, Collier, J., additional, Collins, G. W., additional, Comley, A. J., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Cowan, T. E., additional, Cristoforetti, G., additional, Cynn, H., additional, Descamps, A., additional, Dorchies, F., additional, Duff, M. J., additional, Dwivedi, A., additional, Edwards, C., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Errandonea, D., additional, Fiquet, G., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Laso Garcia, A., additional, Ginestet, H., additional, Gizzi, L., additional, Gleason, A., additional, Goede, S., additional, Gonzalez, J. M., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Heighway, P. G., additional, Hernandez-Gomez, C., additional, Higginbotham, A., additional, Höppner, H., additional, Husband, R. J., additional, Hutchinson, T. M., additional, Hwang, H., additional, Lazicki, A. E., additional, Keen, D. A., additional, Kim, J., additional, Koester, P., additional, Konopkova, Z., additional, Kraus, D., additional, Krygier, A., additional, Labate, L., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Liermann, H.-P., additional, Mason, P., additional, Masruri, M., additional, Massani, B., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McGuire, C., additional, McHardy, J. D., additional, Merkel, S., additional, Morard, G., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Nakatsutsumi, M., additional, Nguyen-Cong, K., additional, Norton, A.-M., additional, Oleynik, I. I., additional, Otzen, C., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pandolfi, S., additional, Peake, D. J., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Pereira, K. A., additional, Phillips, J. P., additional, Prescher, C., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Randolph, L., additional, Ranjan, D., additional, Ravasio, A., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Rips, J., additional, Santamaria-Perez, D., additional, Savage, D. J., additional, Schoelmerich, M., additional, Schwinkendorf, J.-P., additional, Smith, J., additional, Sollier, A., additional, Spear, J., additional, Spindloe, C., additional, Stevenson, M., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Suer, T.-A., additional, Tang, M., additional, Toncian, M., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Tracy, S. J., additional, Trapananti, A., additional, Tschentscher, T., additional, Tyldesley, M., additional, Vennari, C. E., additional, Vinci, T., additional, Vogel, S. C., additional, Volz, T. J., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Walsh, J. P. S., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Willman, J. T., additional, Wollenweber, L., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Appel, K., additional, and McMahon, M. I., additional
Published: 2024
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7. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn

Author: Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., McMahon, M. I., Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., and McMahon, M. I.
Abstract: X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources coupled to high-power laser systems offer an avenue to study the structural dynamics of materials at extreme pressures and temperatures. The recent commissioning of the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density (HED) instrument at the European XFEL represents the state-of-the-art in combining x-ray diffraction with laser compression, allowing for compressed materials to be probed in unprecedented detail. Here, we report quantitative structural measurements of molten Sn compressed to 85(5) GPa and ∼ 3500 K. The capabilities of the HED instrument enable liquid density measurements with an uncertainty of ∼ 1 % at conditions which are extremely challenging to reach via static compression methods. We discuss best practices for conducting liquid diffraction dynamic compression experiments and the necessary intensity corrections which allow for accurate quantitative analysis. We also provide a polyimide ablation pressure vs input laser energy for the DiPOLE 100-X drive laser which will serve future users of the HED instrument.
Published: 2024

8. Release dynamics of nanodiamonds created by laser-driven shock-compression of polyethylene terephthalate

Author: (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., Bergermann, A., Stevenson, M. G., Ranjan, D., He, Z., Lütgert, J., Schumacher, S., Bethkenhagen, M., Descamps, A., Galtier, E., Gleason, A. E., Khaghani, D., Glenn, G. D., Cunningham, E. F., Glenzer, S. H., Hartley, N. J., Hernandez, J.-A., Humphries, O. S., Katagiri, K., Ja Lee, H., McBride, E. E., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Ofori-Okai, B., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Qu, C., Thomas May, P., Redmer, R., Schoenwaelder, C., Sueda, K., Yabuuchi, T., Yabashi, M., Lukic, B., Rack, A., Zinta, L. M. V., Vinci, T., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Ravasio, A., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., Bergermann, A., Stevenson, M. G., Ranjan, D., He, Z., Lütgert, J., Schumacher, S., Bethkenhagen, M., Descamps, A., Galtier, E., Gleason, A. E., Khaghani, D., Glenn, G. D., Cunningham, E. F., Glenzer, S. H., Hartley, N. J., Hernandez, J.-A., Humphries, O. S., Katagiri, K., Ja Lee, H., McBride, E. E., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Ofori-Okai, B., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Qu, C., Thomas May, P., Redmer, R., Schoenwaelder, C., Sueda, K., Yabuuchi, T., Yabashi, M., Lukic, B., Rack, A., Zinta, L. M. V., Vinci, T., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Ravasio, A., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.
Abstract: Laser-driven dynamic compression experiments of plastic materials have found surprisingly fast formation of nanodiamonds (ND) via X-ray probing. This mechanism is relevant for planetary models, but could also open efficient synthesis routes for tailored NDs. We investigate the release mechanics of compressed NDs by molecular dynamics simulation of the isotropic expansion of finite size diamond from different P-T states. Analysing the structural integrity along different release paths via molecular dynamic simulations, we found substantial disintegration rates upon shock release, increasing with the on-Hugnoiot shock temperature. We also find that recrystallization can occur after the expansion and hence during the release, depending on subsequent cooling mechanisms. Our study suggests higher ND recovery rates from off-Hugoniot states, e.g., via double-shocks, due to faster cooling. Laser-driven shock compression experiments of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) samples with in situ X-ray probing at the simulated conditions found diamond signal that persists up to 11 ns after breakout. In the diffraction pattern, we observed peak shifts, which we attribute to thermal expansion of the NDs and thus a total release of pressure, which indicates the stability of the released NDs.
Published: 2024

9. Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures

Author: Lütgert, J., Vorberger, J., Hartley, N. J., Voigt, K., Rödel, M., Schuster, A. K., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Brown, S., Cowan, T. E., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Glenzer, S. H., Laso Garcia, A., Gericke, D. O., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Vinci, T., Ravasio, A., and Kraus, D.
Published: 2021
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10. DC electrical conductivity measurements of warm dense matter using ultrafast THz radiation.

Author: Ofori-Okai, B. K., Descamps, A., McBride, E. E., Mo, M. Z., Weinmann, A., Seipp, L. E., Ali, S. J., Chen, Z., Fletcher, L. B., and Glenzer, S. H.
Subjects: ELECTRON-ion collisions, ELECTRON-electron interactions, ELECTRIC conductivity, RADIATION, ELECTRICAL conductivity measurement
Abstract: We describe measurements of the DC electrical conductivity of warm dense matter using ultrafast terahertz (THz) pulses. THz fields are sufficiently slowly varying that they behave like DC fields on the timescale of electron–electron and electron–ion interactions and hence probe DC-like responses. Using a novel single-shot electro-optic sampling technique, the electrical conductivity of the laser-generated warm dense matter was determined with <1 ps temporal resolution. We present the details of the single-shot THz detection methodology as well as considerations for warm dense matter experiments. We, then, provide proof-of-concept studies on aluminum driven to the warm dense matter regime through isochoric heating and shock compression. Our results indicate a decrease in the conductivity when driven to warm dense matter conditions and provide a platform for future warm dense matter studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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11. Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon

Author: McBride, E. E., Krygier, A., Ehnes, A., Galtier, E., Harmand, M., Konôpková, Z., Lee, H. J., Liermann, H.-P., Nagler, B., Pelka, A., Rödel, M., Schropp, A., Smith, R. F., Spindloe, C., Swift, D., Tavella, F., Toleikis, S., Tschentscher, T., Wark, J. S., and Higginbotham, A.
Published: 2019
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12. Dynamic optical spectroscopy and pyrometry of static targets under optical and x-ray laser heating at the European XFEL

Author: Ball, O. B., primary, Prescher, C., additional, Appel, K., additional, Baehtz, C., additional, Baron, M. A., additional, Briggs, R., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chantel, J., additional, Chariton, S., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, Cynn, H., additional, Damker, H., additional, Dattelbaum, D., additional, Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Ehm, L., additional, Evans, W. J., additional, Fiquet, G., additional, Frost, M., additional, Glazyrin, K., additional, Goncharov, A. F., additional, Husband, R. J., additional, Hwang, H., additional, Jaisle, N., additional, Jenei, Zs., additional, Kim, J.-Y., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Liermann, H. P., additional, Mainberger, J., additional, Makita, M., additional, Marquardt, H., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McHardy, J. D., additional, McMahon, M. I., additional, Merkel, S., additional, Morard, G., additional, O’Bannon, E. F., additional, Otzen, C., additional, Pace, E. J., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Pépin, C. M., additional, Pigott, J. S., additional, Plückthun, C., additional, Prakapenka, V. B., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Speziale, S., additional, Spiekermann, G., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Sturtevant, B. T., additional, Talkovski, P., additional, Wollenweber, L., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, and Konôpková, Z., additional
Published: 2023
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13. An approach for the measurement of the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond using an X-ray free electron laser

Author: Descamps, A., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Appel, K., Cerantola, V., Comley, A., Eggert, J. H., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Humphries, O., Karnbach, O., Lazicki, A., Loetzsch, R., McGonegle, D., Palmer, C. A. J., Plueckthun, C., Preston, T. R., Redmer, R., Senesky, D. G., Strohm, C., Uschmann, I., White, T. G., Wollenweber, L., Monaco, G., Wark, J. S., Hastings, J. B., Zastrau, U., Gregori, G., Glenzer, S. H., and McBride, E. E.
Published: 2020
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14. Investigating off-Hugoniot states using multi-layer ring-up targets

Author: McGonegle, D., Heighway, P. G., Sliwa, M., Bolme, C. A., Comley, A. J., Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., Higginbotham, A., Poole, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nagler, B., Nam, I., Seaberg, M. H., Remington, B. A., Rudd, R. E., Wehrenberg, C. E., and Wark, J. S.
Published: 2020
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15. Demonstration of X-ray Thomson scattering as diagnostics for miscibility in warm dense matter

Author: Frydrych, S., Vorberger, J., Hartley, N. J., Schuster, A. K., Ramakrishna, K., Saunders, A. M., van Driel, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Voigt, K., Roth, M., Sun, P., Gericke, D. O., Döppner, T., and Kraus, D.
Published: 2020
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16. Indirect evidence for elemental hydrogen in laser-compressed hydrocarbons

Author: Kraus, D., primary, Vorberger, J., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Lütgert, J., additional, Rödel, M., additional, Chekrygina, D., additional, Döppner, T., additional, van Driel, T., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Frydrych, S., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Granados, E., additional, Inubushi, Y., additional, Kamimura, N., additional, Katagiri, K., additional, MacDonald, M. J., additional, MacKinnon, A. J., additional, Matsuoka, T., additional, Miyanishi, K., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Nam, I., additional, Neumayer, P., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pak, A., additional, Ravasio, A., additional, Saunders, A. M., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Stevenson, M. G., additional, Sueda, K., additional, Sun, P., additional, Togashi, T., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Yabashi, M., additional, and Yabuuchi, T., additional
Published: 2023
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17. Indirect evidence for elemental hydrogen in laser-compressed hydrocarbons

Author: (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Hartley, N. J., Lütgert, J., Rödel, M., Chekrygina, D., Döppner, T., Driel, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Inubushi, Y., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Macdonald, M. J., Mackinnon, A. J., Matsuoka, T., Miyanishi, K., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Ozaki, N., Pak, A., Ravasio, A., Saunders, A. M., Schuster, A. K., Stevenson, M. G., Sueda, K., Sun, P., Togashi, T., Voigt, K., Yabashi, M., Yabuuchi, T., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Hartley, N. J., Lütgert, J., Rödel, M., Chekrygina, D., Döppner, T., Driel, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Inubushi, Y., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Macdonald, M. J., Mackinnon, A. J., Matsuoka, T., Miyanishi, K., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Ozaki, N., Pak, A., Ravasio, A., Saunders, A. M., Schuster, A. K., Stevenson, M. G., Sueda, K., Sun, P., Togashi, T., Voigt, K., Yabashi, M., and Yabuuchi, T.
Abstract: We demonstrate a significantly simplified experimental approach for investigating liquid metallic hydrogen, which is crucial to understand the internal structure and evolution of giant planets. Plastic samples were shockcompressed and then probed by short pulses of X-rays generated by free electron lasers. By comparison with ab initio simulations, we provide indirect evidence for the creation of elemental hydrogen in shock-compressed plastics at ∼150GPa and ∼5,000K and thus in a regime where hydrogen is predicted to be metallic. Being the most common form of condensed matter in our solar system, and ostensibly the simplest of all elements, hydrogen is the model case for many theoretical studies and we provide a new possibility to benchmark models for conditions with extreme pressures and temperatures. Moreover, this approach will also allow to probe the chemical behavior of metallic hydrogen in mixture with other elements, which, besides its importance for planetary physics, may open up promising pathways for the synthesis of new materials.
Published: 2023

18. Evidence for Crystalline Structure in Dynamically-Compressed Polyethylene up to 200 GPa

Author: Hartley, N. J., Brown, S., Cowan, T. E., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Laso Garcia, A., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Ravasio, A., Rödel, M., Rohatsch, K., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Schuster, A. K., Sun, P., van Driel, T., Vorberger, J., and Kraus, D.
Published: 2019
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19. Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds

Author: Schuster, A K, primary, Voigt, K, additional, Klemmed, B, additional, Hartley, N J, additional, Lütgert, J, additional, Zhang, M, additional, Bähtz, C, additional, Benad, A, additional, Brabetz, C, additional, Cowan, T, additional, Döppner, T, additional, Erb, D J, additional, Eychmüller, A, additional, Facsko, S, additional, Falcone, R W, additional, Fletcher, L B, additional, Frydrych, S, additional, Ganzenmüller, G C, additional, Gericke, D O, additional, Glenzer, S H, additional, Grenzer, J, additional, Helbig, U, additional, Hiermaier, S, additional, Hübner, R, additional, Laso Garcia, A, additional, Lee, H J, additional, MacDonald, M J, additional, McBride, E E, additional, Neumayer, P, additional, Pak, A, additional, Pelka, A, additional, Prencipe, I, additional, Prosvetov, A, additional, Rack, A, additional, Ravasio, A, additional, Redmer, R, additional, Reemts, D, additional, Rödel, M, additional, Schoelmerich, M, additional, Schumacher, D, additional, Tomut, M, additional, Turner, S J, additional, Saunders, A M, additional, Sun, P, additional, Vorberger, J, additional, Zettl, A, additional, and Kraus, D, additional
Published: 2022
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20. Formation of diamonds in laser-compressed hydrocarbons at planetary interior conditions

Author: Kraus, D., Vorberger, J., Pak, A., Hartley, N. J., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Roth, M., Saunders, A. M., Schuster, A. K., Sun, P., van Driel, T., Döppner, T., and Falcone, R. W.
Published: 2017
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21. X-ray diffraction study of phase transformation dynamics of Fe and Fe-Si alloys along the shock Hugoniot using an x-ray free electron laser

Author: Krygier, A., primary, Harmand, M., additional, Albertazzi, B., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Miyanishi, K., additional, Antonangeli, D., additional, Inubushi, Y., additional, Kodama, R., additional, Koenig, M., additional, Matsuoka, T., additional, Mogni, G., additional, Pietrucci, F., additional, Saitta, A. M., additional, Togashi, T., additional, Umeda, Y., additional, Vinci, T., additional, Yabashi, M., additional, Yabuuchi, T., additional, Fiquet, G., additional, and Ozaki, N., additional
Published: 2022
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22. Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds

Author: Schuster, A. K., Voigt, K., Klemmed, B., Hartley, N. J., Lütgert, J., Zhang, M., Bähtz, C., Benad, A., Brabetz, C., Cowan, T., Döppner, T., Erb, D. J., Eychmüller, A., Facsko, S., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Ganzenmüller, G. C., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Grenzer, J., Helbig, U., Hiermaier, S., Hübner, R., Laso Garcia, A., Lee, H. J., MacDonald, M. J., McBride, E. E., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Prosvetov, A., Rack, A., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Reemts, D., Rödel, M., Schoelmerich, M., Schumacher, D., Tomut, M., Turner, S. J., Saunders, A. M., Sun, P., Vorberger, J., Zettl, A., Kraus, D., Schuster, A. K., Voigt, K., Klemmed, B., Hartley, N. J., Lütgert, J., Zhang, M., Bähtz, C., Benad, A., Brabetz, C., Cowan, T., Döppner, T., Erb, D. J., Eychmüller, A., Facsko, S., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Ganzenmüller, G. C., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Grenzer, J., Helbig, U., Hiermaier, S., Hübner, R., Laso Garcia, A., Lee, H. J., MacDonald, M. J., McBride, E. E., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Prosvetov, A., Rack, A., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Reemts, D., Rödel, M., Schoelmerich, M., Schumacher, D., Tomut, M., Turner, S. J., Saunders, A. M., Sun, P., Vorberger, J., Zettl, A., and Kraus, D.
Abstract: This work presents first insights into the dynamics of free-surface release clouds from dynamically compressed polystyrene and pyrolytic graphite at pressures up to 200 GPa, where they transform into diamond or lonsdaleite, respectively. These ejecta clouds are released into either vacuum or various types of catcher systems, and are monitored with high-speed recordings (frame rates up to 10 MHz). Molecular dynamics simulations are used to give insights to the rate of diamond preservation throughout the free expansion and the catcher impact process, highlighting the challenges of diamond retrieval. Raman spectroscopy data show graphitic signatures on a catcher plate confirming that the shock-compressed PS is transformed. First electron microscopy analyses of solid catcher plates yield an outstanding number of different spherical-like objects in the size range between ten(s) up to hundreds of nanometres, which are one type of two potential diamond candidates identified. The origin of some objects can unambiguously be assigned, while the history of others remains speculative.
Published: 2022

23. Diamond formation kinetics in shock-compressed C-H-O samples recorded by small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction

Author: He, Z., Rödel, M., Lütgert, J., Bergermann, A., Bethkenhagen, M., Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Descamps, A., French, M., Galtier, E., Gleason, A. E., Glenn, G. D., Glenzer, S. H., Inubushi, Y., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hernandez, J.-A., Heuser, B., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Khaghani, D., Ja Lee, H., McBride, E. E., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Ofori-Okai, B., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Qu, C., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., Redmer, R., Schoenwaelder, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Stevenson, M. G., Sueda, K., Togashi, T., Vinci, T., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Yabashi, M., Yabuuchi, T., Zinta, L. M. V., Ravasio, A., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., He, Z., Rödel, M., Lütgert, J., Bergermann, A., Bethkenhagen, M., Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Descamps, A., French, M., Galtier, E., Gleason, A. E., Glenn, G. D., Glenzer, S. H., Inubushi, Y., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hernandez, J.-A., Heuser, B., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Khaghani, D., Ja Lee, H., McBride, E. E., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Ofori-Okai, B., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Qu, C., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., Redmer, R., Schoenwaelder, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Stevenson, M. G., Sueda, K., Togashi, T., Vinci, T., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Yabashi, M., Yabuuchi, T., Zinta, L. M. V., Ravasio, A., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.
Abstract: Extreme conditions inside ice giants like Uranus and Neptune can result in peculiar chemistry and structural transitions, e.g., the precipitation of diamonds or superionic water, as so far experimentally observed only for pure C-H and H2O systems, respectively. Here we investigate a stoichiometric mixture of C and H2O by shock-compressing PET plastics and performing in situ X-ray probing. We observe diamond formation at pressures between 72±7 GPa and 125±13 GPa at temperatures ranging from ~3500 K to ~6000 K. Combining X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray scattering, we access the kinetics of this exotic reaction. The observed demixing of C and H2O suggests that diamond precipitation inside the ice giants is enhanced by oxygen, which can lead to isolated water and thus the formation of superionic structures relevant to the planets’ magnetic fields. Moreover, our measurements indicate a way of producing nanodiamonds by simple laser-driven shock-compression of cheap PET plastics.
Published: 2022

24. Towards performing high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering measurements at hard X-ray free-electron lasers coupled with energetic laser drivers

Author: Descamps, A., primary, Ofori-Okai, B. K., additional, Baldwin, J. K., additional, Chen, Z., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Hasting, J. B., additional, Khaghani, D., additional, Mo, M., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Recoules, V., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Schörner, M., additional, Sun, P., additional, Wang, Y. Q., additional, White, T. G., additional, and McBride, E. E., additional
Published: 2022
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25. Erratum: Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 , 015703 (2021)]

Author: Hartley, N. J., primary, Grenzer, J., additional, Huang, L., additional, Inubushi, Y., additional, Kamimura, N., additional, Katagiri, K., additional, Kodama, R., additional, Kon, A., additional, Lu, W., additional, Makita, M., additional, Matsuoka, T., additional, Nakajima, S., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pikuz, T., additional, Rode, A., additional, Sagae, D., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Tono, K., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Yabuuchi, T., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, and Kraus, D., additional
Published: 2022
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26. Techniques for studying materials under extreme states of high energy density compression

Author: Park, Hye-Sook, primary, Ali, S. J. M., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Eggert, J., additional, Krygier, A., additional, Lazicki, A. E., additional, Mcnaney, J. M., additional, Millot, M., additional, Ping, Y., additional, Rudd, R. E., additional, Remington, B. A., additional, Sio, H., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Knudson, M. D., additional, and McBride, E. E., additional
Published: 2021
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27. Probing ultrafast laser plasma processes inside solids with resonant small angle X-ray scattering

Author: Gaus, L., Bischoff, L., Bussmann, M., Cunningham, E., Curry, C. B., E, Juncheng, Galtier, E., Gauthier, M., Laso García, A., Garten, M., Glenzer, S., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., Hartley, N., Huang, L., Hübner, U., Kraus, D., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Metzkes-Ng, J., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nikl, J., Ota, M., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., Rödel, M., Sakawa, Y., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Smid, M., Treffert, F., Voigt, K., Zeil, K., Cowan, T., Schramm, U., and Kluge, T.
Abstract: Extreme states of matter exist throughout the universe e.g. inside planetary cores, stars or astrophysical jets. Such conditions can be generated in the laboratory in the interaction of powerful lasers with solids. Yet, the measurement of the subsequent plasma dynamics with regard to density, temperature and ionization is a major experimental challenge. However, ultra-short X-ray pulses provided by X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) allow for dedicated studies, which are highly relevant to study laboratory astrophysics, laser-fusion research or laser-plasma-based particle acceleration. Here, we report on experiments that employ a novel ultrafast method, which allows to simultaneously access temperature, ionization state and nanometer scale expansion dynamics in high-intensity laser-driven solid-density plasmas with a single X-ray detector. Using this method, we gain access to the expansion dynamics of a buried layer in compound samples, and we measure opacity changes arising from bound-bound resonance transitions in highly ionized copper. The presence of highly ionized copper leads to a temperature estimate of at least 2 million Kelvin already after the first 100 femtoseconds following the high-intensity laser irradiation. More specifically, we make use of asymmetries in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns, which arise from different spatial distributions of absorption and scattering cross sections in nanostructured grating samples when we tune an XFEL to atomic resonant energies of copper. Thereby, changes in asymmetry can be connected with the evolution of the plasma expansion and ionization dynamics. The potential of XFEL-based resonant SAXS to obtain three-dimensional ultrafast, nanoscopic information on density and opacity may offer a unique path for the characterization of dynamic processes in High Energy Density plasmas.
Published: 2021

28. Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures

Author: Lütgert, B. J., Vorberger, J., Hartley, N., Voigt, K., Rödel, M., Schuster, A., Brown, S., Cowan, T., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Glenzer, S. H., Laso García, A., Gericke, D. O., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., Mcbride, E. E., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Ravasio, A., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., SchÖrner, M., Sun, P., and Kraus, D.
Abstract: We present structure measurements of biaxially orientated polyethylene terephthalate (PET, (C10H8O4)n , also called mylar) shock-compressed to (155+/-20) GPa and (6000+/-1000) K using in situ X-ray diffraction. Comparing to density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations, we find a highly correlated liquid that exhibits a temperature signficantly lower than predicted by some equation-of-state tables, which underlines the influence of complex chemical interactions in this regime. Indeed, at the inferred temperature and pressure, formation of nanodiamonds may be expected as recently observed in polystyrene at similar conditions. While some hints of diamond formation from PET are visible in the diffraction data, the strong liquid correlations prevent a conclusive statement as to whether diamonds are formed inside the sample volume.
Published: 2021

29. Dataset: Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures

Author: Lütgert, B. J., Vorberger, J., Hartley, N., Voigt, K., Rödel, M., Schuster, A., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Brown, S., Cowan, T., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Glenzer, S. H., Laso García, A., Gericke, D. O., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Vinci, T., Ravasio, A., and Kraus, D.
Abstract: This repository contains raw-data related to our publication "Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures". The XRD data in the "LCLS" folder is accompanied with a "calibration.poni" file that provides information about the experiment's geometry and can be used in pyFAI (GitHub page) or Dioptas (GitHub page) to integrate the two-dimensional data azimuthally. Integrated XRD data after background-subtraction and filter-corrections is presented in Fig. 2 and 3 of the manuscript while 2D data of run 215 is used in Fig. 1. The "shotlist.csv" file contains information about the relative X-ray to drive-laser timing, shot-type and X-ray energy for the individual events. VISAR, SOP and reflectivity measurements can be found in the "LULI" directory. 2ω-VISAR and SOP datasets of shot 08 are displayed as inserts in Fig. 5 (the first after performing a ghost-fringe subtraction). "shotlist.csv" provides additional parameters. The DFTMD folder contains the results of our density functional theory molecular dynamics simulation. In the "XRD" subdirectory, "wrofk_mylar_chomd*.dat" files can be found in which the quantities to calculate the lineouts in Fig. 3 and 4 are saved for given temperatures, pressures and densities. The header of those files is given in "header.txt" and additional information about the conditions and settings for individual calculations can be obtained from "param_mylar_md.txt". The dataset for the Hugoniot curve from our DFT-MD equation-of-state (which is plotted in Fig. 5) is provided in the "Hugoniot" sub-folder.
Published: 2021

30. Resonant SAXS data used in publication: 'Probing ultrafast laser plasma processes inside solids with resonant small angle X-ray scattering'

Author: Gaus, L., Bischoff, L., Bussmann, M., Cunningham, E., Curry, C. B., E, Juncheng, Galtier, E., Gauthier, M., Laso García, A., Garten, M., Glenzer, S., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., Hartley, N., Huang, L., Hübner, U., Kraus, D., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Metzkes-Ng, J., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nikl, J., Ota, M., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., Rödel, M., Sakawa, Y., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Smid, M., Treffert, F., Voigt, K., Zeil, K., Cowan, T., Schramm, U., and Kluge, T.
Abstract: Resonant Small-angle x-ray scattering raw data obtained in measurements at MEC at LCLS and evalutation of the asymmetry in the scattering patterns. The data set is structured in case 1/Si-Cu-compound targets and case 2/Cu-only-targets as presented in the publication for on- and off-resonant XFEL probe energies.
Published: 2021

31. Novel experimental setup for megahertz X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL)

Author: Liermann, H. P., Konôpková, Z., Appel, K., Prescher, C., Schropp, A., Cerantola, V., Husband, R. J., McHardy, J. D., McMahon, M. I., McWilliams, R. S., Pépin, C. M., Mainberger, J., Roeper, M., Berghäuser, A., Damker, H., Talkovski, P., Foese, M., Kujala, N., Ball, O. B., Baron, M. A., Briggs, R., Bykov, M., Bykova, E., Chantel, J., Coleman, A. L., Cynn, H., Dattelbaum, D., Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., Eggert, J. H., Ehm, L., Evans, W. J., Fiquet, G., Frost, M., Glazyrin, K., Goncharov, A. F., Hwang, H., Jenei, Z., Kim, J.-Y., Langenhorst, F., Lee, Y., Makita, M., Marquardt, H., McBride, E. E., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Obannon, E. F., Otzen, C., Pace, E. J., Pelka, A., Pigott, J. S., Prakapenka, V. B., Redmer, R., Sanchez-Valle, C., Schölmerich, M., Speziale, S., Spiekermann, G., Sturtevant, B. T., Toleikis, S., Velisavljevic, N., Wilke, M., Yoo, C.-S., Baehtz, C., Zastrau, U., Strohm, C., Liermann, H. P., Konôpková, Z., Appel, K., Prescher, C., Schropp, A., Cerantola, V., Husband, R. J., McHardy, J. D., McMahon, M. I., McWilliams, R. S., Pépin, C. M., Mainberger, J., Roeper, M., Berghäuser, A., Damker, H., Talkovski, P., Foese, M., Kujala, N., Ball, O. B., Baron, M. A., Briggs, R., Bykov, M., Bykova, E., Chantel, J., Coleman, A. L., Cynn, H., Dattelbaum, D., Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., Eggert, J. H., Ehm, L., Evans, W. J., Fiquet, G., Frost, M., Glazyrin, K., Goncharov, A. F., Hwang, H., Jenei, Z., Kim, J.-Y., Langenhorst, F., Lee, Y., Makita, M., Marquardt, H., McBride, E. E., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Obannon, E. F., Otzen, C., Pace, E. J., Pelka, A., Pigott, J. S., Prakapenka, V. B., Redmer, R., Sanchez-Valle, C., Schölmerich, M., Speziale, S., Spiekermann, G., Sturtevant, B. T., Toleikis, S., Velisavljevic, N., Wilke, M., Yoo, C.-S., Baehtz, C., Zastrau, U., and Strohm, C.
Abstract: The high-precision X-ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump–probe X-ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X-ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X-ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC.
Published: 2021

32. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author: Zastrau, U., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bähr, O., Batchelor, L., Berghäuser, A., Banjafar, M., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Damker, H., Dittrich, S., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Engel, H.-O., Feldmann, T., Findeisen, S., Foese, M., Fulla-Marsa, D., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., Hauser, J., (0000-0001-6706-4541) Herrmannsdörfer, T., Höppner, H., Kaa, J., Kaever, P., Knöfel, K., Konopkova, Z., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Liermann, H.-P., Mainberger, J., Makita, M., Martens, E.-C., McBride, E. E., Möller, D., Nakatsutsumi, M., Pelka, A., Plueckthun, C., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Röper, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, W., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., Schoelmerich, M. O., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Schropp, A., Strohm, C., Sukharnikov, K., Talkovski, P., Thorpe, I., Toncian, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Wollenweber, L., (0000-0001-5819-2867) Yamamoto, S., Tschentscher, T., Zastrau, U., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bähr, O., Batchelor, L., Berghäuser, A., Banjafar, M., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Damker, H., Dittrich, S., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Engel, H.-O., Feldmann, T., Findeisen, S., Foese, M., Fulla-Marsa, D., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., Hauser, J., (0000-0001-6706-4541) Herrmannsdörfer, T., Höppner, H., Kaa, J., Kaever, P., Knöfel, K., Konopkova, Z., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Liermann, H.-P., Mainberger, J., Makita, M., Martens, E.-C., McBride, E. E., Möller, D., Nakatsutsumi, M., Pelka, A., Plueckthun, C., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Röper, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, W., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., Schoelmerich, M. O., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Schropp, A., Strohm, C., Sukharnikov, K., Talkovski, P., Thorpe, I., Toncian, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Wollenweber, L., (0000-0001-5819-2867) Yamamoto, S., and Tschentscher, T.
Abstract: The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012 photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5 MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25 keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.
Published: 2021

33. Probing ultrafast laser plasma processes inside solids with resonant small angle X-ray scattering

Author: (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-3968-7498) Bischoff, L., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-0976-4416) Cunningham, E., (0000-0001-8756-181X) Curry, C. B., E, Juncheng, Galtier, E., (0000-0001-6608-9325) Gauthier, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0001-9112-0558) Glenzer, S., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., Hartley, N., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Nagler, B., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-0131-0628) Nikl, J., Ota, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., Rödel, M., Sakawa, Y., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-1277-4241) Treffert, F., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-3968-7498) Bischoff, L., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-0976-4416) Cunningham, E., (0000-0001-8756-181X) Curry, C. B., E, Juncheng, Galtier, E., (0000-0001-6608-9325) Gauthier, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0001-9112-0558) Glenzer, S., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., Hartley, N., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Nagler, B., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-0131-0628) Nikl, J., Ota, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., Rödel, M., Sakawa, Y., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-1277-4241) Treffert, F., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., and (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T.
Abstract: Extreme states of matter exist throughout the universe e.g. inside planetary cores, stars or astrophysical jets. Such conditions can be generated in the laboratory in the interaction of powerful lasers with solids. Yet, the measurement of the subsequent plasma dynamics with regard to density, temperature and ionization is a major experimental challenge. However, ultra-short X-ray pulses provided by X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) allow for dedicated studies, which are highly relevant to study laboratory astrophysics, laser-fusion research or laser-plasma-based particle acceleration. Here, we report on experiments that employ a novel ultrafast method, which allows to simultaneously access temperature, ionization state and nanometer scale expansion dynamics in high-intensity laser-driven solid-density plasmas with a single X-ray detector. Using this method, we gain access to the expansion dynamics of a buried layer in compound samples, and we measure opacity changes arising from bound-bound resonance transitions in highly ionized copper. The presence of highly ionized copper leads to a temperature estimate of at least 2 million Kelvin already after the first 100 femtoseconds following the high-intensity laser irradiation. More specifically, we make use of asymmetries in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns, which arise from different spatial distributions of absorption and scattering cross sections in nanostructured grating samples when we tune an XFEL to atomic resonant energies of copper. Thereby, changes in asymmetry can be connected with the evolution of the plasma expansion and ionization dynamics. The potential of XFEL-based resonant SAXS to obtain three-dimensional ultrafast, nanoscopic information on density and opacity may offer a unique path for the characterization of dynamic processes in High Energy Density plasmas.
Published: 2021

34. Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting

Author: (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Grenzer, J., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Inubushi, Y., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Kodama, R., Kon, A., Lu, W., Makita, M., Matsuoka, T., Nakajima, S., Ozaki, N., Pikuz, T., Rode, A. V., Sagae, D., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Tono, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Yabuuchi, T., McBride, E. E., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Grenzer, J., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Inubushi, Y., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Kodama, R., Kon, A., Lu, W., Makita, M., Matsuoka, T., Nakajima, S., Ozaki, N., Pikuz, T., Rode, A. V., Sagae, D., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Tono, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Yabuuchi, T., McBride, E. E., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.
Abstract: We present results from the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser facility, where we used a high intensity (∼10^20 W/cm2) x-ray pump x-ray probe scheme to observe changes in the ionic structure of silicon induced by x-ray heating of the electrons. By avoiding Laue spots in the scattering signal from a single crystalline sample, we observe a rapid rise in diffuse scattering and a transition to a disordered, liquidlike state with a structure significantly different from liquid silicon. The disordering occurs within 100 fs of irradiation, a timescale that agrees well with first principles simulations, and is faster than that predicted by purely inertial behavior, suggesting that both the phase change and disordered state reached are dominated by Coulomb forces. This method is capable of observing liquid scattering without masking signal from the ambient solid, allowing the liquid structure to be measured throughout and beyond the phase change.
Published: 2021

35. Resonant SAXS data used in publication: 'Probing ultrafast laser plasma processes inside solids with resonant small angle X-ray scattering'

Author: (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-3968-7498) Bischoff, L., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-0976-4416) Cunningham, E., (0000-0001-8756-181X) Curry, C. B., E, Juncheng, Galtier, E., (0000-0001-6608-9325) Gauthier, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0001-9112-0558) Glenzer, S., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Nagler, B., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-0131-0628) Nikl, J., Ota, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., Rödel, M., Sakawa, Y., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-1277-4241) Treffert, F., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-3968-7498) Bischoff, L., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-0976-4416) Cunningham, E., (0000-0001-8756-181X) Curry, C. B., E, Juncheng, Galtier, E., (0000-0001-6608-9325) Gauthier, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0001-9112-0558) Glenzer, S., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., Nagler, B., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-0131-0628) Nikl, J., Ota, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., Rödel, M., Sakawa, Y., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0003-1277-4241) Treffert, F., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., and (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T.
Abstract: Resonant Small-angle x-ray scattering raw data obtained in measurements at MEC at LCLS and evalutation of the asymmetry in the scattering patterns. The data set is structured in case 1/Si-Cu-compound targets and case 2/Cu-only-targets as presented in the publication for on- and off-resonant XFEL probe energies.
Published: 2021

36. Dataset: Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures

Author: (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., Rödel, M., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Brown, S., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Glenzer, S. H., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Gericke, D. O., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Vinci, T., Ravasio, A., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., Rödel, M., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Brown, S., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Glenzer, S. H., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Gericke, D. O., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Vinci, T., Ravasio, A., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.
Abstract: This repository contains raw-data related to our publication "Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures". The XRD data in the "LCLS" folder is accompanied with a "calibration.poni" file that provides information about the experiment's geometry and can be used in GitHub page) to integrate the two-dimensional data azimuthally. Integrated XRD data after background-subtraction and filter-corrections is presented in Fig. 2 and 3 of the manuscript while 2D data of run 215 is used in Fig. 1. The "shotlist.csv" file contains information about the relative X-ray to drive-laser timing, shot-type and X-ray energy for the individual events. VISAR, SOP and reflectivity measurements can be found in the "LULI" directory. 2ω-VISAR and SOP datasets of shot 08 are displayed as inserts in Fig. 5 (the first after performing a ghost-fringe subtraction). "shotlist.csv" provides additional parameters. The DFTMD folder contains the results of our density functional theory molecular dynamics simulation. In the "XRD" subdirectory, "wrofk_mylar_chomd*.dat" files can be found in which the quantities to calculate the lineouts in Fig. 3 and 4 are saved for given temperatures, pressures and densities. The header of those files is given in "header.txt" and additional information about the conditions and settings for individual calculations can be obtained from "param_mylar_md.txt". The dataset for the Hugoniot curve from our DFT-MD equation-of-state (which is plotted in Fig. 5) is provided in the "Hugoniot" sub-folder.
Published: 2021

37. Erratum: High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (Review of Scientific Instruments (2021) 92 (013101) DOI: 10.1063/5.0022886)

Author: Wollenweber L., Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, Göde, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Plückthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, Wollenweber L., Preston T. R., Descamps A., Cerantola V., Comley A., Eggert J. H., Fletcher L. B., Geloni G., Gericke D. O., Glenzer S. H., Göde S., Hastings J., Humphries O. S., Jenei A., Karnbach O., Konopkova Z., Loetzsch R., Marx-Glowna B., Mcbride E. E., Mcgonegle D., Monaco G., Ofori-Okai B. K., Palmer C. A. J., Plückthun C., Redmer R., Strohm C., Thorpe I., Tschentscher T., Uschmann I., Wark J. S., White T. G., Appel K., Gregori G., Zastrau U., Wollenweber L., Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, Göde, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Plückthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, Wollenweber L., Preston T. R., Descamps A., Cerantola V., Comley A., Eggert J. H., Fletcher L. B., Geloni G., Gericke D. O., Glenzer S. H., Göde S., Hastings J., Humphries O. S., Jenei A., Karnbach O., Konopkova Z., Loetzsch R., Marx-Glowna B., Mcbride E. E., Mcgonegle D., Monaco G., Ofori-Okai B. K., Palmer C. A. J., Plückthun C., Redmer R., Strohm C., Thorpe I., Tschentscher T., Uschmann I., Wark J. S., White T. G., Appel K., Gregori G., and Zastrau U.
Published: 2021

38. Novel experimental setup for megahertz X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL)

Author: Liermann, H, Konôpková, Z, Appel, K, Prescher, C, Schropp, A, Cerantola, V, Husband, R, Mchardy, J, Mcmahon, M, Mcwilliams, R, Pépin, C, Mainberger, J, Roeper, M, Berghäuser, A, Damker, H, Talkovski, P, Foese, M, Kujala, N, Ball, O, Baron, M, Briggs, R, Bykov, M, Bykova, E, Chantel, J, Coleman, A, Cynn, H, Dattelbaum, D, Dresselhaus-Marais, L, Eggert, J, Ehm, L, Evans, W, Fiquet, G, Frost, M, Glazyrin, K, Goncharov, A, Hwang, H, Jenei, Z, Kim, J, Langenhorst, F, Lee, Y, Makita, M, Marquardt, H, Mcbride, E, Merkel, S, Morard, G, O'Bannon, E, Otzen, C, Pace, E, Pelka, A, Pigott, J, Prakapenka, V, Redmer, R, Sanchez-Valle, C, Schoelmerich, M, Speziale, S, Spiekermann, G, Sturtevant, B, Toleikis, S, Velisavljevic, N, Wilke, M, Yoo, C, Baehtz, C, Zastrau, U, Strohm, C, Liermann, H P, Husband, R J, McHardy, J D, McMahon, M I, McWilliams, R S, Pépin, C M, Ball, O B, Baron, M A, Coleman, A L, Dresselhaus-Marais, L E, Eggert, J H, Evans, W J, Goncharov, A F, Jenei, Zs, Kim, J Y, McBride, E E, O'Bannon, E F, Pace, E J, Pigott, J S, Prakapenka, V B, Sturtevant, B T, Yoo, C S, Liermann, H, Konôpková, Z, Appel, K, Prescher, C, Schropp, A, Cerantola, V, Husband, R, Mchardy, J, Mcmahon, M, Mcwilliams, R, Pépin, C, Mainberger, J, Roeper, M, Berghäuser, A, Damker, H, Talkovski, P, Foese, M, Kujala, N, Ball, O, Baron, M, Briggs, R, Bykov, M, Bykova, E, Chantel, J, Coleman, A, Cynn, H, Dattelbaum, D, Dresselhaus-Marais, L, Eggert, J, Ehm, L, Evans, W, Fiquet, G, Frost, M, Glazyrin, K, Goncharov, A, Hwang, H, Jenei, Z, Kim, J, Langenhorst, F, Lee, Y, Makita, M, Marquardt, H, Mcbride, E, Merkel, S, Morard, G, O'Bannon, E, Otzen, C, Pace, E, Pelka, A, Pigott, J, Prakapenka, V, Redmer, R, Sanchez-Valle, C, Schoelmerich, M, Speziale, S, Spiekermann, G, Sturtevant, B, Toleikis, S, Velisavljevic, N, Wilke, M, Yoo, C, Baehtz, C, Zastrau, U, Strohm, C, Liermann, H P, Husband, R J, McHardy, J D, McMahon, M I, McWilliams, R S, Pépin, C M, Ball, O B, Baron, M A, Coleman, A L, Dresselhaus-Marais, L E, Eggert, J H, Evans, W J, Goncharov, A F, Jenei, Zs, Kim, J Y, McBride, E E, O'Bannon, E F, Pace, E J, Pigott, J S, Prakapenka, V B, Sturtevant, B T, and Yoo, C S
Abstract: The high-precision X-ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump-probe X-ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X-ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X-ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC.
Published: 2021

39. Novel experimental setup for megahertz X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL)

Author: Liermann, H. P., primary, Konôpková, Z., additional, Appel, K., additional, Prescher, C., additional, Schropp, A., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Husband, R. J., additional, McHardy, J. D., additional, McMahon, M. I., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, Pépin, C. M., additional, Mainberger, J., additional, Roeper, M., additional, Berghäuser, A., additional, Damker, H., additional, Talkovski, P., additional, Foese, M., additional, Kujala, N., additional, Ball, O. B., additional, Baron, M. A., additional, Briggs, R., additional, Bykov, M., additional, Bykova, E., additional, Chantel, J., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, Cynn, H., additional, Dattelbaum, D., additional, Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Ehm, L., additional, Evans, W. J., additional, Fiquet, G., additional, Frost, M., additional, Glazyrin, K., additional, Goncharov, A. F., additional, Hwang, H., additional, Jenei, Zs., additional, Kim, J.-Y., additional, Langenhorst, F., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Makita, M., additional, Marquardt, H., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Merkel, S., additional, Morard, G., additional, O'Bannon, E. F., additional, Otzen, C., additional, Pace, E. J., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Pigott, J. S., additional, Prakapenka, V. B., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Sanchez-Valle, C., additional, Schoelmerich, M., additional, Speziale, S., additional, Spiekermann, G., additional, Sturtevant, B. T., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Velisavljevic, N., additional, Wilke, M., additional, Yoo, C.-S., additional, Baehtz, C., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, and Strohm, C., additional
Published: 2021
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40. Publisher’s Note: “High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92, 013101 (2021)]

Author: Wollenweber, L., primary, Preston, T. R., additional, Descamps, A., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Comley, A., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Geloni, G., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Göde, S., additional, Hastings, J., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Jenei, A., additional, Karnbach, O., additional, Konopkova, Z., additional, Loetzsch, R., additional, Marx-Glowna, B., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McGonegle, D., additional, Monaco, G., additional, Ofori-Okai, B. K., additional, Palmer, C. A. J., additional, Plückthun, C., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Thorpe, I., additional, Tschentscher, T., additional, Uschmann, I., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, White, T. G., additional, Appel, K., additional, Gregori, G., additional, and Zastrau, U., additional
Published: 2021
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41. Using simultaneous x-ray diffraction and velocity interferometry to determine material strength in shock-compressed diamond

Author: Macdonald, M. J., Mcbride, E. E., Galtier, E., Gauthier, M., Granados, E., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Levitan, A. L., Mackinnon, A. J., Nam, I., Schumaker, W., Sun, P., Driel, T. B., Vorberger, J., Zhou, X., Drake, R. P., Glenzer, S. H., and Fletcher, L. B.
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Materials Science, high pressure, diamond, diffraction, shock, strength, Hugoniot
Abstract: We determine the strength of laser shock-compressed polycrystalline diamond at stresses above the Hugoniot elastic limit using a novel technique combining x-ray diffraction from the Linac Coherent Light Source with velocity interferometry. X-ray diffraction is used to measure lattice strains and velocity interferometry is used to infer shock and particle velocities. These measurements, combined with density-dependent elastic constants calculated using density functional theory, enable determination of material strength above the Hugoniot elastic limit. Our results indicate that diamond retains approximately 20 GPa of strength at longitudinal stresses of 150–300 GPa under shock compression.
Published: 2020

42. Measurement of Diamond Nucleation Rates from Hydrocarbons at Conditions Comparable to the Interiors of Icy Giant Planets

Author: Schuster, A. K., Hartley, N. J., Vorberger, J., Döppner, T., Driel, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Macdonald, M. J., Mackinnon, A. J., Mcbride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Prencipe, I., Rohatsch, K., Saunders, A. M., Sun, P., Kraus, D., Schuster, A. K., Hartley, N. J., Vorberger, J., Döppner, T., Driel, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Macdonald, M. J., Mackinnon, A. J., Mcbride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Prencipe, I., Rohatsch, K., Saunders, A. M., Sun, P., and Kraus, D.
Abstract: We present measurements of the nucleation rate into a diamond lattice in dynamically compressed polystyrene obtained in a pump-probe experiment using a high energy laser system and in situ femtosecond X-ray diffraction. Different temperature-pressure conditions that occur in planetary interiors were probed. For a single shock reaching 70GPa and 3000K no diamond formation was observed while with a double shock driving polystyrene to pressures around 150GPa and temperatures around 5000K nucleation rates between 1029 m-3s-1 and 1034 m-3s-1 were recorded. These nucleation rates do not a agree with predictions of recent theoretical models for carbon-hydrogen mixtures by many orders of magnitude. Our data suggests that there is indeed significant diamond formation to be expected inside icy giant planets like Neptune and Uranus.
Published: 2020

43. Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting

Author: Hartley, N. J., primary, Grenzer, J., additional, Huang, L., additional, Inubushi, Y., additional, Kamimura, N., additional, Katagiri, K., additional, Kodama, R., additional, Kon, A., additional, Lu, W., additional, Makita, M., additional, Matsuoka, T., additional, Nakajima, S., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pikuz, T., additional, Rode, A. V., additional, Sagae, D., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Tono, K., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Yabuuchi, T., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, and Kraus, D., additional
Published: 2021
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44. High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Author: Wollenweber, L., primary, Preston, T. R., additional, Descamps, A., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Comley, A., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Geloni, G., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Göde, S., additional, Hastings, J., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Jenei, A., additional, Karnbach, O., additional, Konopkova, Z., additional, Loetzsch, R., additional, Marx-Glowna, B., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McGonegle, D., additional, Monaco, G., additional, Ofori-Okai, B. K., additional, Palmer, C. A. J., additional, Plückthun, C., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Thorpe, I., additional, Tschentscher, T., additional, Uschmann, I., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, White, T. G., additional, Appel, K., additional, Gregori, G., additional, and Zastrau, U., additional
Published: 2021
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45. Using simultaneous x-ray diffraction and velocity interferometry to determine material strength in shock-compressed diamond

Author: MacDonald, M. J., primary, McBride, E. E., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Gauthier, M., additional, Granados, E., additional, Kraus, D., additional, Krygier, A., additional, Levitan, A. L., additional, MacKinnon, A. J., additional, Nam, I., additional, Schumaker, W., additional, Sun, P., additional, van Driel, T. B., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Xing, Z., additional, Drake, R. P., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, and Fletcher, L. B., additional
Published: 2020
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46. Time-Resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm Dense Aluminum

Author: Vinko, S. M., primary, Vozda, V., additional, Andreasson, J., additional, Bajt, S., additional, Bielecki, J., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupsky, J., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Desjarlais, M. P., additional, Fleckenstein, H., additional, Hajdu, J., additional, Hajkova, V., additional, Hollebon, P., additional, Juha, L., additional, Kasim, M. F., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Muehlig, K., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Roling, S., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, and Zacharias, H., additional
Published: 2020
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47. Measurement of diamond nucleation rates from hydrocarbons at conditions comparable to the interiors of icy giant planets

Author: Schuster, A. K., primary, Hartley, N. J., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Döppner, T., additional, van Driel, T., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Frydrych, S., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Gamboa, E. J., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Granados, E., additional, MacDonald, M. J., additional, MacKinnon, A. J., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Nam, I., additional, Neumayer, P., additional, Pak, A., additional, Prencipe, I., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Saunders, A. M., additional, Sun, P., additional, and Kraus, D., additional
Published: 2020
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48. Simultaneous 8.2 keV phase-contrastimaging and 24.6 keV X-ray diffraction fromshock-compressed matter at the LCLS

Author: Seiboth, F., Fletcher, L. B., Mcgonegle, D., Anzellini, S., Dresselhaus-Cooper, L. E., Frost, M., Galtier, E., Goede, S., Harmand, M., Lee, H. J., Levitan, A. L., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Nam, I., Ozaki, N., Rödel, M., Schropp, A., Spindloe, C., Sun, P., Wark, J. S., Hastings, J., Glenzer, S. H., and Mcbride, E. E.
Subjects: germanium, LCLS, x-ray diffraction, Phase Contrast Imaging, shock compression, XFEL, MEC, PCI, shock, Matter in Extreme Conditions, release
Abstract: In this work, we demonstrate simultaneous phase-contrast imaging (PCI) and X-ray diffractionfrom shock compressed matter at the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation, at the LinacCoherent Light Source (LCLS). We utilize the chromaticity from compound refractive X-ray lensesto focus the 24.6 keV 3rd order undulator harmonic of the LCLS to a spot size of 5lm on target toperform X-ray diffraction. Simultaneous PCI from the 8.2 keV fundamental X-ray beam is used tovisualize and measure the transient properties of the shock wave over a 500lm field of view.Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to extend the reciprocal space measurements by 5 Angstroem, rel-ative to the fundamental X-ray energy, by utilizing X-ray diffraction from the 3rd harmonic of theLCLS.
Published: 2018

49. Erratum: 'Setup for meV-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering measurements and X-ray diffraction at the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the Linac Coherent Light Source' (Review Of Scientific Instruments (2018) 89 (10F104) DOI: 10.1063/1.5039329)

Author: Mcbride, E. E., White, T. G., Descamps, A., Fletcher, L. B., Appel, K., Condamine, F., Curry, C. B., Dallari, F., Funk, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Gauthier, M., Goede, S., Kim, J. B., Lee, H. J., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Oliver, M., Rigby, A., Schoenwaelder, C., Sun, P., Tschentscher, Th., Witte, B. B. L., Zastrau, U., Gregori, G., Nagler, B., Hastings, J., Glenzer, S. H., and Monaco, G.
Published: 2018

50. Data for publication

Author: Kluge, T., Rödel, M., Metzkes, J., Pelka, A., Garcia, A. L., Prencipe, I., Rehwald, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., McBride, E. E., Schönherr, T., Garten, M., Hartley, N. J., Zacharias, M., Erbe, A., Georgiev, Y. M., Galtier, E., Nam, I., Lee, H. J., Glenzer, S., Bussmann, M., Gutt, C., Zeil, K., Rödel, C., Hübner, U., Schramm, U., and Cowan, T. E.
Abstract: Raw data, lineouts and fits for the publication
Published: 2018

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