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Among large cetaceans in the Southern Hemisphere, fin whales were the most heavily exploited in terms of numbers taken during the period of intense industrial whaling. Recent studies suggest that, whilst some humpback whale populations in the Southern Hemisphere appears to have almost completely recovered to their estimated pre-whaling abundance, much less is known about the status of Southern Hemisphere fin whales. Circumpolar estimates in the 1990s suggest an abundance of about 5500 animals south of 60° S, while the IDCR/SOWER-2000 survey for the Scotia Sea and Antarctic Peninsula areas estimated 4670 fin whales within this region in the year 2000. More recent studies in smaller regions indicate higher densities, suggesting that previous estimates are overly conservative and/or that fin whales are undergoing a substantial increase. Here we report findings from a recent multi-vessel single-platform sightings survey carried out as part of the 2019 Area 48 Survey for Antarctic krill. While fin whales were encountered throughout the entire survey area, which covered the majority of CCAMLR Management Area 48, they were particularly abundant around the South Orkney Islands and the eastern Bransfield Strait. Large feeding aggregations were also encountered within the central Scotia Sea between South Orkney Islands and South Georgia. Distance sampling analyses suggest an average fin whale density throughout the Scotia Sea of 0.0256 ( ) whales per km2, which agrees well with recent density estimates reported from smaller sub-regions within the Scotia Sea. Design-based distance sampling analyses resulted in an estimated total fin whale abundance of 53,873 (CV = 0.15, 95% CI 40,233–72,138), while a density surface model resulted in a slightly lower estimate of 50,837 (CV: 0.136, 95% CI 38,966–66,324). These estimates are at least an order of magnitude greater than the previous estimate from the same region based on the IDCR/SOWER-2000 data, suggesting that fin whales are und

IMPORTANCE: Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged over the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications for COVID-19 severity in children worldwide are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) were associated with differences in COVID-19 severity among hospitalized children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Clinical data from hospitalized children and adolescents (younger than 18 years) who were SARS-CoV-2 positive were obtained from 9 countries (Australia, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, UK, and the US) during 3 different time frames. Time frames 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 3 (T3) were defined to represent periods of dominance by the ancestral virus, pre-Omicron VOCs, and Omicron, respectively. Age groups for analysis were younger than 6 months, 6 months to younger than 5 years, and 5 to younger than 18 years. Children with an incidental positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded. EXPOSURES: SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization during the stipulated time frame. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The severity of disease was assessed by admission to intensive care unit (ICU), the need for ventilatory support, or oxygen therapy. RESULTS: Among 31 785 hospitalized children and adolescents, the median age was 4 (IQR 1-12) years and 16 639 were male (52.3%). In children younger than 5 years, across successive SARS-CoV-2 waves, there was a reduction in ICU admission (T3 vs T1: risk ratio [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.75 [younger than 6 months]; RR, 0.61, 95% CI; 0.47-0.79 [6 months to younger than 5 years]), but not ventilatory support or oxygen therapy. In contrast, ICU admission (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.32-0.48), ventilatory support (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27-0.51), and oxygen therapy (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.70) decreased across SARS-CoV-2 waves in children 5 years to younger than 18 years old. The results were consistent when data were restricted to unvaccinated children. CONC

Children typically experience more mild symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) when compared to adults. There is a strong body of evidence that children are also less susceptible to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with the ancestral viral isolate. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has been associated with an increased number of pediatric infections. Whether this is the result of widespread adult vaccination or fundamental changes in the biology of SARS-CoV-2 remain to be determined. Here, we use primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from children and adults, differentiated at an air-liquid interface to show that the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 replicates to significantly lower titers in the NECs of children compared to those of adults. This was associated with a heightened antiviral response to SARS-CoV-2 in the NECs of children. Importantly, the Delta variant also replicated to significantly lower titers in the NECs of children. This trend was markedly less pronounced in the case of Omicron. It is also striking to note that, at least in terms of viral RNA, Omicron replicated better in pediatric NECs compared to both Delta and the ancestral virus. Taken together, these data show that the nasal epithelium of children supports lower infection and replication of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, although this may be changing as the virus evolves.

Introduction/Aim. The Australian Bronchiectasis Registry (ABR), established in 2015, is a common nation-wide research platform to improve longitudinal data collection in children and adults with bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis. Current descriptions of paediatric cohorts with bronchiectasis are largely unicentric and ABR is thus the leading paediatric cohort in Australia. Using ABR, we described the baseline characteristics of paediatric participants and sought to determine regional variations in this cohort. Methods. We analysed the baseline data of paediatric patients (<18 years) with radiologically confirmed bronchiectasis using ABRas centralised database. Results. From March 2016-August 2019, 496 children [222 females; 321 Indigenous; median age = 8 years (IQR 6-11)] were enrolled from 4 Australian sites. The aetiology was considered post-infectious in 70% of children, with 40% having had bronchiectasis for >5 years. Asthma (24%) was the most common reported co-morbidity and non-respiratory comorbidities were uncommon. Spirometry was available only in 21% of the cohort, with median FEV1 = 59.1% predicted (IQR 50.8-69.48), FVC = 66% (58.56-74.6). On CT chest, left (80%) and right (78%) lower lobes were the most common lobes affected, majority with cylindrical bronchiectasis, 6 children had cystic bronchiectasis. 6% children isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) from the lower airways, significantly higher proportion of these had Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD, 13.3% vs 2.1% in nonPsA; P < 0.001). Macrolide therapy was used in 43.5% of the cohort, with nearly a quarter of the group on short acting bronchodilator therapy. 244/488 (50%) children had at least 1 exacerbation requiring hospital an admission in the last 12 months, with exacerbations in 6.5% of the cohort treated with outpatient intra-venous antibiotic therapy. Conclusion. The largest cohort of Australian children with bronchiectasis has been described. Some regional differences exist in the

Introduction: In adults with bronchiectasis, multicentre data advanced the field including disease characterisation and derivation of phenotypes such as 'frequent exacerbator (FE)' (>=3 exacerbations/year). However, paediatric cohorts are largely limited to single centres and no scientifically derived phenotypes of paediatric bronchiectasis yet exists. Using paediatric data from the Australian Bronchiectasis Registry (ABR), we aimed to: (a) describe the clinical characteristics and compare Indigenous with non-Indigenous children, and (b) determine if a FE phenotype can be identified and if so, its associated factors. Method(s): We retrieved data of children (aged <18-years) with radiologically confirmed bronchiectasis, enrolled between March 2016-March 2020. Result(s): Across five sites, 540 children [288 Indigenous; median age = 8-years (IQR 6-11)] were included. Baseline characteristics revealed past infection/idiopathic was the commonest (70%) underlying aetiology, most had cylindrical bronchiectasis and normal spirometry. Indigenous children (vs. non-Indigenous) had significantly more environmental tobacco smoke exposure (84% vs 32%, p < 0.0001) and lower birth weight (2797 g vs 3260 g, p < 0.0001). FE phenotype present in 162 (30%) children, was associated with being younger (ORadjusted = 0.85, 95%CI 0.81-0.90), more recent diagnosis of bronchiectasis (ORadjusted = 0.67; 95%CI 0.60-0.75), recent hospitalization (ORadj = 4.51; 95%CI 2.45-8.54) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) infection (ORadjusted = 2.43; 95%CI 1.01-5.78). The FE phenotype were less likely to be Indigenous (ORadjusted = 0.14; 95%CI 0.03-0.65). Conclusion(s): Even within a single country, the characteristics of children with bronchiectasis differ among cohorts. A paediatric FE phenotype exists and is characterised by being younger with a more recent diagnosis, PsA infection and previous hospitalization. Prospective data to consolidate our findings characterising childhood bronchiectasis phenotype

Introduction: The 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (13vPCV) replaced the 7vPCV on the national immunisation schedule in Australia in mid-2011. Aim(s): To determine the impact of 13vPCV on Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) serotypes causing childhood empyema. Method(s): Pleural fluid was collected from children with empyema presenting to 11 paediatric hospitals across Australia before (2007-2009) and after (2015-2017) the introduction of 13vPCV. Sp serotypes were identified on empyema fluid by PCR and sequencing. Result(s): Pre 13vPCV: 143 children, 81 male, median age 4.9 (range 0.4-15.5) years were recruited. Sp was identified by PCR in 73 of 143 (51%) of cases. Post 13vPCV: 167 children, 85 male, median age 3.5 (range 0.6-15.8) years were recruited. Sp was identified by PCR in 95 of 167 (56.9%) of cases (Table). Conclusion(s): The 13vPCV has not been effective against pneumococcal serotypes 3 and 19A. These data will help inform future national pneumococcal vaccination strategies. (Table presented).

The findings reported here represent a detailed behavioral analysis of data collected from Naval tactical teams. They are part of a continuing effort to document the process involved in Team Evolution and Maturation (TEAM). The primary objectives of this research were to answer the following questions: (1) Do successful teams demonstrate a specific set of behaviors that are related to performance during training? (2) Do more and less effective teams display different types of behaviors during training? (3) Can the behavioral profiles developed by Glickman, et al., (1987; Morgan, et al. 1986) be enhanced by identifying specific behaviors associated with successful performance: (4) What support do the detailed behavioral analyses provide for the previously posited model of Team Evolution and Maturation developed by Morgan, et al., 1986? (5) Can the results of the behavioral analyses be used to develop indicators of a team's potential for success during training: (6) Can teamwork be exhibited by successful teams? (jdw)

Angular distributions of alpha particles elastically scattered by 16O, obtained at 12 energies between 7.4 and 8.5 MeV, are presented together with the yield of scattered alpha particles measured by fixing the detectors at a given angle and varying the energy of the incident particles. Four such excitation curves in the energy range 7.2-8.4 MeV are presented. Resonances are observed at energies 7.32, 7.66, 7.89, and 8.28 MeV. Tentative spin and parity assignments of 4+ and 2+ are obtained for the 7.89- and 8.28-MeV resonances. (Author), Pub. in Canadian Journal of Physics v43 p111-21 Jan 1965 (Copies available only to DDC users).

Reprinted from the New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 37, no. 3, November 1955, pp. 354-368., The radioactivity of principal horizons of a number of soil types was examined for relationships to properties used in the identification and classification of soil profiles. Techniques for measuring the intensity of gamma radiations in the field and of beta radiations in the laboratory are described. After correction for cosmic ray background the measurements showed a range in gamma counts from 410 c.p.m. to 2420 c.p.m. and in beta counts from 21 c.p.m. to 154 c.p.m. Correlation of the data and soil profiles showed that the soil radioactivity depends partly on the rock materials from which the profiles are developed and partly on the extent of weathering and leaching of the profiles.

Introduction/Aim: Current descriptions of paediatric cohorts with bronchiectasis are largely limited to single centres. In adults with bronchiectasis, the 'frequent exacerbator (FE)' phenotype has been defined but there is no such paediatric data yet. We used the paediatric data from the Australian Bronchiectasis Registry (ABR) to determine if a paediatric FE phenotype could be determined. We also described baseline characteristics in a large Australian-wide cohort. Method(s): We analysed the data of paediatric patients with radiologically confirmed bronchiectasis using the ABR's centralized database. Result(s): From March 2016-March 2020, 540 children [241 female; 288 Indigenous; median age 8 years (IQR 6-11)], were enrolled from 5 sites. The aetiology was considered post-infectious in 70% of children (5 post pulmonary tuberculosis), with 34% having had bronchiectasis for >5 years. Most had cylindrical bronchiectasis; 8 had cystic changes. Spirometry was available only in 24% of the cohort; median FEV1 z-score -0.74 (IQR -1.7 to -0.05), FVC z-score -0.37(-1.2 to 0.29), 24(18%) were obstructive. Indigenous children were significantly more likely to have environmental tobacco smoke exposure (84% vs 32%, p<0.0001), and lower birth weight (2797 g vs 3260 g, p<0.0001), and less likely to have primary ciliary dyskinesia (0.3% vs 6%, p<0.001). Children with FE phenotype, comprising a third of the cohort, were likely to be younger with more recent diagnosis of bronchiectasis and more likely to have been hospitalization in the previous 12 months (adjusted OR 4.4; p<0.001). The FE phenotype were also associated with higher likelihood of P. aeruginosa infection (adjusted OR 2.2;p=0.05) but were less likely to be Indigenous (adjusted OR 0.28;p<0.001). Conclusion(s): The largest cohort of Australian children with bronchiectasis has been described. PsA infection and previous hospitalization predicted FE phenotype whilst increased duration since diagnosis and older age reduced th

Introduction/Aim: Current descriptions of paediatric cohorts with bronchiectasis are largely limited to single centres. In adults with bronchiectasis, the 'frequent exacerbator (FE)' phenotype has been defined but there is no such paediatric data yet. We used the paediatric data from the Australian Bronchiectasis Registry (ABR) to determine if a paediatric FE phenotype could be determined. We also described baseline characteristics in a large Australian-wide cohort. Method(s): We analysed the data of paediatric patients with radiologically confirmed bronchiectasis using the ABR's centralized database. Result(s): From March 2016-March 2020, 540 children [241 female; 288 Indigenous; median age 8 years (IQR 6-11)], were enrolled from 5 sites. The aetiology was considered post-infectious in 70% of children (5 post pulmonary tuberculosis), with 34% having had bronchiectasis for >5 years. Most had cylindrical bronchiectasis; 8 had cystic changes. Spirometry was available only in 24% of the cohort; median FEV1 z-score -0.74 (IQR -1.7 to -0.05), FVC z-score -0.37(-1.2 to 0.29), 24(18%) were obstructive. Indigenous children were significantly more likely to have environmental tobacco smoke exposure (84% vs 32%, p<0.0001), and lower birth weight (2797 g vs 3260 g, p<0.0001), and less likely to have primary ciliary dyskinesia (0.3% vs 6%, p<0.001). Children with FE phenotype, comprising a third of the cohort, were likely to be younger with more recent diagnosis of bronchiectasis and more likely to have been hospitalization in the previous 12 months (adjusted OR 4.4; p<0.001). The FE phenotype were also associated with higher likelihood of P. aeruginosa infection (adjusted OR 2.2;p=0.05) but were less likely to be Indigenous (adjusted OR 0.28;p<0.001). Conclusion(s): The largest cohort of Australian children with bronchiectasis has been described. PsA infection and previous hospitalization predicted FE phenotype whilst increased duration since diagnosis and older age reduced th

Progress report written for the Board of Trustees regarding faculty participation in policy formation., This collection consists of reports by or about the California State University.Reports were generated by various Chancellor’s Office divisions, committees and other entities including the state government. The reports consist of analytical, programmatic, feasibility or budgetary reports dealing with planning, administration, teaching, the functions of the university system and other subjects., r Report to the Board of Trustees of the California State Colleges FACULTY PARTICIPATION IN STATE-WIDE POLICY FORMULATION PROGRESS REPORT FACULTY SENATES AND COUNCILS IN THE CALIFORNIA STATE COLLEGES By G. A. Mccallum Office of the Chancellor August 1962 • FACULTY PARTI CIPAT I ON IN STATE-WIDE POLICY FORMULATION PROGRESS REPORT _,/ UntLl recent yea. r s , fa .cul t y participa .tion in the formula.tion of Sta.te College policies on a. system-wide basis wa.s restricted to the activities of faculty membership organizations .. The first step toward esta .blishing direct pa .rticipa .tion was ta .ken during the prepara .tion of the Ma.ster Plan for Higher Educa .tion in ca .lifornia . ., At tha .t time Chancellor Dumke , then President of Sa.n Franci .sco Sta .te College and a member of the masler plan survey tea.m u sought to a.chieve broad fa .cul ty participa .tion in the develop­ment of the plan. He visited ma.ny of the ca .mpuses in order to inform fa .culties a.bout the concepts of the study a.s they were being developed. Meetings of faculty representatives were a.lso ca .lled in order to assess fa .culty opinion .. During the course of the Master Pla.n study the Chancellor expressed his belief in t he need for a. perma.nent statewide faculty organization a.nd suggested t ha .t this should be high on the priority list of policy matters to be considered by the proposed Board of Trustees. The first a.ction ta .ken by the Trustees to establish grea.ter fa .cul ty pa.rticipation in policy formula .tion wa.s a. conference held March 4, 1961, a.t Fresno State College g when fa .culty representa .tives from each college met wi t h the Trustees . At tha .t time the Trustees became better a.cqua .inted wi th faculty v i ewpoints and a.t their next meeting passed the following resol~tion: RESOLVEDI' That it is the pol i cy of the Board of Trustees of the California . State Colleges that a representative faculty body be established at each State College for the purpose of p