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3. Nitrogen increases early‐stage and slows late‐stage decomposition across diverse grasslands

Author

Gill, Allison L, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buyarski, Christopher R, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla M, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W, Wright, Justin P, Yang, Louie H, and Hobbie, Sarah E

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Prevention, grasslands, litter decomposition, nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, Nutrient Network, phosphorus, Environmental Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Abstract

To evaluate how increased anthropogenic nutrient inputs alter carbon cycling in grasslands, we conducted a litter decomposition study across 20 temperate grasslands on three continents within the Nutrient Network, a globally distributed nutrient enrichment experiment We determined the effects of addition of experimental nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium plus micronutrient (Kμ) on decomposition of a common tree leaf litter in a long-term study (maximum of 7 years; exact deployment period varied across sites). The use of higher order decomposition models allowed us to distinguish between the effects of nutrients on early- versus late-stage decomposition. Across continents, the addition of N (but not other nutrients) accelerated early-stage decomposition and slowed late-stage decomposition, increasing the slowly decomposing fraction by 28% and the overall litter mean residence time by 58%. Synthesis. Using a novel, long-term cross-site experiment, we found widespread evidence that N enhances the early stages of above-ground plant litter decomposition across diverse and widespread temperate grassland sites but slows late-stage decomposition. These findings were corroborated by fitting the data to multiple decomposition models and have implications for N effects on soil organic matter formation. For example, following N enrichment, increased microbial processing of litter substrates early in decomposition could promote the production and transfer of low molecular weight compounds to soils and potentially enhance the stabilization of mineral-associated organic matter. By contrast, by slowing late-stage decomposition, N enrichment could promote particulate organic matter (POM) accumulation. Such hypotheses deserve further testing.

Published
2022

4. Drivers of soil microbial and detritivore activity across global grasslands

Author

Siebert, Julia, Sünnemann, Marie, Hautier, Yann, Risch, Anita C., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bugalho, Miguel N., Broadbent, Arthur A. D., Caldeira, Maria C., Cleland, Elsa, Davies, Kendi F., Eskelinen, Anu, Hagenah, Nicole, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Seabloom, Eric W., Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Zimmermann, Stephan, and Eisenhauer, Nico

Published
2023
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5. The positive effect of plant diversity on soil carbon depends on climate

Author

Spohn, Marie, Bagchi, Sumanta, Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bråthen, Kari Anne, Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Knops, Johannes M. H., Koerner, Sally E., Laanisto, Lauri, Lekberg, Ylva, Martina, Jason P., Martinson, Holly, McCulley, Rebecca L., Peri, Pablo L., Macek, Petr, Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, and Yahdjian, Laura

Published
2023
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6. Publisher Correction: Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference

Author

Dee, Laura E., Ferraro, Paul J., Severen, Christopher N., Kimmel, Kaitlin A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E. K., Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B., Wright, Alexandra J., Arnillas, Carlos A., Davies, Kendi F., MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S., Smith, Melinda D., Adler, Peter B., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brauman, Kate A., Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M. H., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A., Sullivan, Lauren L., Stevens, Carly, and Loreau, Michel

Published
2023
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7. Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference

Author

Dee, Laura E., Ferraro, Paul J., Severen, Christopher N., Kimmel, Kaitlin A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E. K., Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B., Wright, Alexandra J., Arnillas, Carlos A., Davies, Kendi F., MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S., Smith, Melinda D., Adler, Peter B., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brauman, Kate A., Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M. H., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A., Sullivan, Lauren L., Stevens, Carly, and Loreau, Michel

Published
2023
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8. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, Chris R., Dickson, Timothy L., Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S., Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Hautier, Yann

Published
2023
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9. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands

Author

Sitters, Judith, Wubs, ER Jasper, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Crowther, Thomas W, Adler, Peter B, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth T, Cleland, Elsa E, Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, Jennifer, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Knops, Johannes MH, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W, Siebert, Julia, Stevens, Carly J, and Veen, GF Ciska

Subjects
Climate Action, carbon sequestration, exclosure, fertilization, global change, grazing, herbivory, nutrient dynamics, nutrient enrichment, Nutrient Network, soil microorganisms, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.

Published
2020

10. Belowground Biomass Response to Nutrient Enrichment Depends on Light Limitation Across Globally Distributed Grasslands

Author

Cleland, Elsa E, Lind, Eric M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Wilkins, Rachel Abbott, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brown, Cynthia S, Davies, Kendi F, Esch, Ellen, Firn, Jennifer, Gressard, Scott, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes, Kopp, Christopher W, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Moore, Joslin L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, Borer, Elizabeth T, and Seabloom, Eric W

Subjects
belowground biomass, fertilization, nitrogen, Nutrient Network, optimal allocation, phosphorus, roots, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences
Published
2019

11. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity

Author

Wilfahrt, Peter A., Asmus, Ashley L., Seabloom, Eric W., Henning, Jeremiah A., Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Hueso, Raul Ochoa, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T., Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, and Borer, Elizabeth T.

Published
2021

12. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, Jodi N., Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M., Brown, Cynthia S., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Prober, Suzanne M., Bakker, Elisabeth S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Dickman, Chris R., Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, Luciola S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.

Published
2022
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13. Nitrogen but not phosphorus addition affects symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes in natural and semi-natural grasslands located on four continents

Author

Vázquez, Eduardo, Schleuss, Per-Marten, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin P., McCulley, Rebecca L., Peri, Pablo L., Price, Jodi, Richards, Anna E., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Tedder, Michelle J., Virtanen, Risto, and Spohn, Marie

Published
2022
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15. Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide

Author

Tognetti, Pedro M., Prober, Suzanne M., Báez, Selene, Chaneton, Enrique J., Firn, Jennifer, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna K., Yahdjian, Laura, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dwyer, John M., Fay, Philip A., Gherardi, Laureano A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Price, Jodi N., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Wragg, Peter D., and Sankaran, Mahesh

Published
2021

16. Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori, Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc W., Collins, Scott L., Dee, Laura, Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hobbie, Sarah E., Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M. H., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., L. Moore, Joslin, Morgan, John W., Ohlert, Timothy, Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., and Borer, Elizabeth T.

Published
2021

18. Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation.

Author

Hodapp, Dorothee, Borer, Elizabeth T, Harpole, W Stanley, Lind, Eric M, Seabloom, Eric W, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Cadotte, Marc, Cleland, Elsa E, Collins, Scott, Fay, Philip A, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Iribarne, Oscar, Knops, Johannes MH, McCulley, Rebecca L, MacDougall, Andrew, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Mortensen, Brent, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Peri, Pablo, Stevens, Carly J, Wright, Justin, and Hillebrand, Helmut

Subjects
Plants, Biodiversity, Herbivory, Beta diversity, Nutrient Network, diversity, fertilisation, grassland, nitrogen, spatial heterogeneity, species composition, temporal turnover, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Environmental change can result in substantial shifts in community composition. The associated immigration and extinction events are likely constrained by the spatial distribution of species. Still, studies on environmental change typically quantify biotic responses at single spatial (time series within a single plot) or temporal (spatial beta diversity at single time points) scales, ignoring their potential interdependence. Here, we use data from a global network of grassland experiments to determine how turnover responses to two major forms of environmental change - fertilisation and herbivore loss - are affected by species pool size and spatial compositional heterogeneity. Fertilisation led to higher rates of local extinction, whereas turnover in herbivore exclusion plots was driven by species replacement. Overall, sites with more spatially heterogeneous composition showed significantly higher rates of annual turnover, independent of species pool size and treatment. Taking into account spatial biodiversity aspects will therefore improve our understanding of consequences of global and anthropogenic change on community dynamics.

Published
2018

20. Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity.

Author

Harpole, W Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L, Lind, Eric M, Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Williams, Ryan, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, and Wragg, Peter D

Subjects
Plants, Poaceae, Fertilizers, Biodiversity, Biomass, Light, Food, Grassland, MD Multidisciplinary, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Niche dimensionality provides a general theoretical explanation for biodiversity-more niches, defined by more limiting factors, allow for more ways that species can coexist. Because plant species compete for the same set of limiting resources, theory predicts that addition of a limiting resource eliminates potential trade-offs, reducing the number of species that can coexist. Multiple nutrient limitation of plant production is common and therefore fertilization may reduce diversity by reducing the number or dimensionality of belowground limiting factors. At the same time, nutrient addition, by increasing biomass, should ultimately shift competition from belowground nutrients towards a one-dimensional competitive trade-off for light. Here we show that plant species diversity decreased when a greater number of limiting nutrients were added across 45 grassland sites from a multi-continent experimental network. The number of added nutrients predicted diversity loss, even after controlling for effects of plant biomass, and even where biomass production was not nutrient-limited. We found that elevated resource supply reduced niche dimensionality and diversity and increased both productivity and compositional turnover. Our results point to the importance of understanding dimensionality in ecological systems that are undergoing diversity loss in response to multiple global change factors.

Published
2016

22. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Author

Komatsu, Kimberly J., Avolio, Meghan L., Lemoine, Nathan P., Isbell, Forest, Grman, Emily, Houseman, Gregory R., Koerner, Sally E., Johnson, David S., Wilcox, Kevin R., Alatalo, Juha M., Anderson, John P., Aerts, Rien, Baer, Sara G., Baldwin, Andrew H., Bates, Jonathan, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Belote, R. Travis, Blair, John, Bloor, Juliette M. G., Bohlen, Patrick J., Bork, Edward W., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Bowman, William D., Britton, Andrea J., Cahill, James F., Chaneton, Enrique, Chiariello, Nona R., Cheng, Jimin, Collins, Scott L., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Du, Guozhen, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Foster, Bryan, Gough, Laura, Gross, Katherine, Hallett, Lauren M., Han, Xingguo, Harmens, Harry, Hovenden, Mark J., Jagerbrand, Annika, Jentsch, Anke, Kern, Christel, Klanderud, Kari, Knapp, Alan K., Kreyling, Juergen, Li, Wei, Luo, Yiqi, McCulley, Rebecca L., McLaren, Jennie R., Megonigal, J. Patrick, Morgan, John W., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Pennings, Steven C., Prevéy, Janet S., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Robinson, Clare H., Russell, F. Leland, Sala, Osvaldo E., Seabloom, Eric W., Smith, Melinda D., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Souza, Lara, Suding, Katherine, Suttle, K. Blake, Svejcar, Tony, Tilman, David, Tognetti, Pedro, Turkington, Roy, White, Shannon, Xu, Zhuwen, Yahdjian, Laura, Yu, Qiang, Zhang, Pengfei, and Zhang, Yunhai

Published
2019

25. Author Correction: General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales

Author

Hautier, Yann, Zhang, Pengfei, Loreau, Michel, Wilcox, Kevin R., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E. K., Koerner, Sally E., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Hector, Andy, Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Carroll, Oliver, Crawley, Mick, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Dee, Laura E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Gilbert, Benjamin, Hansar, Amandine, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mori, Akira S., Peri, Pablo L., Pos, Edwin T., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Wang, Shaopeng

Published
2021
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26. Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Subjects
Animals, Vertebrates, Plants, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Soil, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Eutrophication, Food, Introduced Species, Herbivory, Grassland, MD Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

27. A continent‐wide study reveals clear relationships between regional abiotic conditions and post‐dispersal seed predation

Author

Orrock, John L, Borer, Elizabeth T, Brudvig, Lars A, Firn, Jennifer, MacDougall, Andrew S, Melbourne, Brett A, Yang, Louie H, Baker, Dirk V, Bar‐Massada, Avi, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Kay, Adam D, Lind, Eric, McCulley, Rebecca L, and Seabloom, Eric W

Subjects
AET, Annual actual evapotranspiration, Climate, Granivory, North America, Plant-consumer interactions, Precipitation, Seed predation, climate, granivory, plant-consumer interactions, precipitation, seed predation, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Aim: Large-scale patterns linking energy availability, biological productivity and diversity form a central focus of ecology. Despite evidence that the activity and abundance of animals may be limited by climatic variables associated with regional biological productivity (e.g. mean annual precipitation and annual actual evapotranspiration), it is unclear whether plant-granivore interactions are themselves influenced by these climatic factors across broad spatial extents. We evaluated whether climatic conditions that are known to alter the abundance and activity of granivorous animals also affect rates of seed removal. Location: Eleven sites across temperate North America. Methods: We used a common protocol to assess the removal of the same seed species (Avena sativa) over a 2-day period. Model selection via the Akaike information criterion was used to determine a set of candidate binomial generalized linear mixed models that evaluated the relationship between local climatic data and post-dispersal seed predation. Results: Annual actual evapotranspiration was the single best predictor of the proportion of seeds removed. Annual actual evapotranspiration and mean annual precipitation were both positively related to mean seed removal and were included in four and three of the top five models, respectively. Annual temperature range was also positively related to seed removal and was an explanatory variable in three of the top four models. Main conclusions: Our work provides the first evidence that energy and precipitation, which are known to affect consumer abundance and activity, also translate to strong, predictable patterns of seed predation across a continent. More generally, these findings suggest that future changes in temperature and precipitation could have widespread consequences for plant species composition in grasslands, through impacts on plant recruitment.

Published
2015

28. Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide.

Author

Prober, Suzanne M, Leff, Jonathan W, Bates, Scott T, Borer, Elizabeth T, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Lind, Eric M, Seabloom, Eric W, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cleland, Elsa E, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Kirkman, Kevin P, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Mitchell, Charles E, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Williams, Ryan J, and Fierer, Noah

Subjects
Bacteria, Fungi, Plants, Archaea, Linear Models, Soil Microbiology, Biodiversity, Biota, Grassland, Aboveground-belowground interactions, archaea, bacteria, fungi, grasslands, microbial biogeography, soil biodiversity, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Aboveground-belowground interactions exert critical controls on the composition and function of terrestrial ecosystems, yet the fundamental relationships between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity remain elusive. Theory predicts predominantly positive associations but tests within single sites have shown variable relationships, and associations between plant and microbial diversity across broad spatial scales remain largely unexplored. We compared the diversity of plant, bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in one hundred and forty-five 1 m(2) plots across 25 temperate grassland sites from four continents. Across sites, the plant alpha diversity patterns were poorly related to those observed for any soil microbial group. However, plant beta diversity (compositional dissimilarity between sites) was significantly correlated with the beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities, even after controlling for environmental factors. Thus, across a global range of temperate grasslands, plant diversity can predict patterns in the composition of soil microbial communities, but not patterns in alpha diversity.

Published
2015

29. Grassland productivity limited by multiple nutrients.

Author

Fay, Philip A, Prober, Suzanne M, Harpole, W Stanley, Knops, Johannes MH, Bakker, Jonathan D, Borer, Elizabeth T, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Wragg, Peter D, Adler, Peter B, Blumenthal, Dana M, Buckley, Yvonne M, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Collins, Scott L, Davies, Kendi F, Du, Guozhen, Feng, Xiaohui, Firn, Jennifer, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Jin, Virginia L, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia, Ladwig, Laura M, Li, Qi, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, Wedin, David A, and Yang, Louie H

Subjects
Prevention, Nutrition
Abstract

Terrestrial ecosystem productivity is widely accepted to be nutrient limited(1). Although nitrogen (N) is deemed a key determinant of aboveground net primary production (ANPP)(2,3), the prevalence of co-limitation by N and phosphorus (P) is increasingly recognized(4-8). However, the extent to which terrestrial productivity is co-limited by nutrients other than N and P has remained unclear. Here, we report results from a standardized factorial nutrient addition experiment, in which we added N, P and potassium (K) combined with a selection of micronutrients (K+μ), alone or in concert, to 42 grassland sites spanning five continents, and monitored ANPP. Nutrient availability limited productivity at 31 of the 42 grassland sites. And pairwise combinations of N, P, and K+μ co-limited ANPP at 29 of the sites. Nitrogen limitation peaked in cool, high latitude sites. Our findings highlight the importance of less studied nutrients, such as K and micronutrients, for grassland productivity, and point to significant variations in the type and degree of nutrient limitation. We suggest that multiple-nutrient constraints must be considered when assessing the ecosystem-scale consequences of nutrient enrichment.

Published
2015

30. Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands

Author

Risch, Anita C., Zimmermann, Stephan, Schütz, Martin, Fay, Philip A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A. D., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Hagedorn, Frank, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lembrechts, Jonas J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Seabloom, Eric W., Silveira, Maria L., Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, and Ochoa-Hueso, Raul

Subjects
CLIMATE, Chemistry, HERBIVORE EXCLUSION, Global and Planetary Change, MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON, Ecology, Economics, MICROBIAL RESPIRATION, SOIL PROPERTIES, ANTHROPOGENIC MANAGEMENT, NUTRIENT ADDITION, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based. Paper Citation: Risch Anita C., Zimmermann, Stefan, Schütz, Martin, Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Hagedorn, Frank, Knops, Johannes M.H., Lembrechts, Jonas, J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Seabloom, Eric W., Silveira, Maria L., Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul (accepted). Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands. Global Ecology and Biogeography Please cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile. The microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ; mg CO2-C mg MBC-1 h-1), defined as the amount of microbial CO2 respired (MR; mg CO2-C kg soil-1 h-1) per unit of microbial biomass C (MBC; mg C kg soil-1), is a key parameter for understanding the microbial regulation of the carbon (C) cycle, including soil C sequestration. Here, we experimentally tested hypotheses about the individual and interactive effects of multiple nutrient addition (NPK+micronutrients) and herbivore exclusion on MR, MBC, and MMQ across 23 sites (5 continents). Our sites encompassed a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions, thus we assessed which edaphoclimatic variables affected MMQ the most and how they interacted with our treatments. Soils were collected in plots with established experimental treatments. MR was assessed in a five-week laboratory incubation without glucose addition, MBC via substrate-induced respiration. MMQ was calculated as MR/MBC and corrected for soil temperatures (MMQsoil). Using LMMs and SEMs, we analysed how edaphoclimatic characteristics and treatments interactively affected MMQsoil. MMQsoil was higher in locations with higher mean annual temperature, lower water holding capacity, and soil organic C concentration, but did not respond to our treatments across sites as neither MR nor MBC changed. We attributed this relative homeostasis to our treatments to the modulating influence of edaphoclimatic variables. For example, herbivore exclusion, regardless of fertilization, led to greater MMQsoil only at sites with lower soil organic C (-1.7%). Our results pinpoint the main variables related to MMQsoil across grasslands and emphasize the importance of the local edaphoclimatic conditions in controlling the response of the C cycle to anthropogenic stressors. By testing hypotheses about MMQsoil across global edaphoclimatic gradients, this work also helps to align the conflicting results of prior studies.

Published
2023

31. Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation

Author

Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hillebrand, Helmut, Lind, Eric M, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, Crawley, Michael J, Daleo, Pedro, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Firn, Jennifer, Hautier, Yann, Heckman, Robert W, Hector, Andy, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Iribarne, Oscar, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Leakey, Andrew DB, Li, Wei, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Orrock, John L, Pascual, Jesús, Prober, Suzanne M, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Williams, Ryan J, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin P, and Yang, Louie H

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Nutrition, Biodiversity, Climate, Eutrophication, Geography, Herbivory, Human Activities, Internationality, Light, Nitrogen, Plants, Poaceae, Time Factors, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Human alterations to nutrient cycles and herbivore communities are affecting global biodiversity dramatically. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly counteractive: nutrient addition drives plant species loss through intensified competition for light, whereas herbivores prevent competitive exclusion by increasing ground-level light, particularly in productive systems. Here we use experimental data spanning a globally relevant range of conditions to test the hypothesis that herbaceous plant species losses caused by eutrophication may be offset by increased light availability due to herbivory. This experiment, replicated in 40 grasslands on 6 continents, demonstrates that nutrients and herbivores can serve as counteracting forces to control local plant diversity through light limitation, independent of site productivity, soil nitrogen, herbivore type and climate. Nutrient addition consistently reduced local diversity through light limitation, and herbivory rescued diversity at sites where it alleviated light limitation. Thus, species loss from anthropogenic eutrophication can be ameliorated in grasslands where herbivory increases ground-level light.

Published
2014

33. Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient

Author

Anderson, T. Michael, Griffith, Daniel M., Grace, James B., Lind, Eric M., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., Blumenthal, Dana M., Daleo, Pedro, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Wragg, Peter D., and Borer, Elizabeth T.

Published
2018

36. General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales

Author

Hautier, Yann, Zhang, Pengfei, Loreau, Michel, Wilcox, Kevin R., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E. K., Koerner, Sally E., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Hector, Andy, Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Carroll, Oliver, Crawley, Mick, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Dee, Laura E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Gilbert, Benjamin, Hansar, Amandine, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mori, Akira S., Peri, Pablo L., Pos, Edwin T., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Wang, Shaopeng

Published
2020
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39. Local loss and spatial homogenization of plant diversity reduce ecosystem multifunctionality

Author

Hautier, Yann, Isbell, Forest, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Harpole, W. Stanley, Lind, Eric M., MacDougall, Andrew S., Stevens, Carly J., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Chaneton, Enrique J., Chu, Chengjin, Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Christopher R., Dwyer, John M., Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Hillebrand, Helmut, Iribarne, Oscar, Kirkman, Kevin P., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Morgan, John W., Pärtel, Meelis, Pascual, Jesus, Price, Jodi N., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, and Hector, Andy

Published
2018
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42. Long-term N-addition alters the community structure of functionally important N-cycling soil microorganisms across global grasslands

Author

Frey, Beat, primary, Moser, Barbara, additional, Tytgat, Bjorn, additional, Zimmermann, Stephan, additional, Alberti, Juan, additional, Biederman, Lori A., additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Broadbent, Arthur A.D., additional, Caldeira, Maria C., additional, Davies, Kendi F., additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Hagedorn, Frank, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, MacDougall, Andrew S., additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Nepel, Maximilian, additional, Power, Sally A., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Vázquez, Eduardo, additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, and Risch, Anita C., additional

Published
2023
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45. Climate modifies response of non-native and native species richness to nutrient enrichment

Author

Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Reich, Peter B., Lind, Eric M., Sullivan, Lauren L., Seabloom, Eric W., Yahdjian, Laura, MacDougall, Andrew S., Reichmann, Lara G., Alberti, Juan, Báez, Selene, Bakker, Jonathan D., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Chaneton, Enrique J., D'Antonio, Carla M., Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Iribarne, Oscar, Kirkman, Kevin P., Knops, Johannes M. H., La Pierre, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, Leakey, Andrew D. B., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Pascual, Jesus, and Borer, Elizabeth T.

Published
2016

46. Nutrient addition drives declines in grassland species richness primarily via enhanced species loss

Author

Muehleisen, Andrew J., Watkins, Carmen R.E., Altmire, Gabriella R., Shaw, E. Ashley, Case, Madelon F., Aoyama, Lina, Brambila, Alejandro, Reed, Paul B., LaForgia, Marina, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Bakker, Jonathan D., Amillas, Carlos Alberto, Biederman, Lori, Chen, Qingqing, Cleland, Elsa E., Fay, Philip A., Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, Stan, Hautier, Yann, Henning, Jeremiah A., Knops, Johannes M.H., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Ladouceur, Emma, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Ohlert, Tim, Power, Sally A., Stevens, Carly J., Wilfahrt, Peter, Hallett, Lauren M., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
nutrient enrichment, dynamic equilibrium, Ecology, grasslands, Nutrient Network (NutNet), Taverne, turnover, Plant Science, plant population and community dynamics, richness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Declines in grassland diversity in response to nutrient addition are a general consequence of global change. This decline in species richness may be driven by multiple underlying processes operating at different time-scales. Nutrient addition can reduce diversity by enhancing the rate of local extinction via competitive exclusion, or by reducing the rate of colonization by constraining the pool of species able to colonize under new conditions. Partitioning net change into extinction and colonization rates will better delineate the long-term effect of global change in grasslands. We synthesized changes in richness in response to experimental fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with micronutrients across 30 grasslands. We quantified changes in local richness, colonization, and extinction over 8–10 years of nutrient addition, and compared these rates against control conditions to isolate the effect of nutrient addition from background dynamics. Total richness at steady state in the control plots was the sum of equal, relatively high rates of local colonization and extinction. On aggregate, 30%–35% of initial species were lost and the same proportion of new species were gained at least once over a decade. Absolute turnover increased with site-level richness but was proportionately greater at lower-richness sites relative to starting richness. Loss of total richness with nutrient addition, especially N in combination with P or K, was driven by enhanced rates of extinction with a smaller contribution from reduced colonization. Enhanced extinction and reduced colonization were disproportionately among native species, perennials, and forbs. Reduced colonization plateaued after the first few (

Published
2023

47. Nutrient addition drives declines in grassland species richness primarily via enhanced species loss

Author

Muehleisen, Andrew J., primary, Watkins, Carmen R. E., additional, Altmire, Gabriella R., additional, Shaw, E. Ashley, additional, Case, Madelon F., additional, Aoyama, Lina, additional, Brambila, Alejandro, additional, Reed, Paul B., additional, LaForgia, Marina, additional, Borer, Elizabeth T., additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Amillas, Carlos Alberto, additional, Biederman, Lori, additional, Chen, Qingqing, additional, Cleland, Elsa E., additional, Fay, Philip A., additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Harpole, Stan, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Henning, Jeremiah A., additional, Knops, Johannes M. H., additional, Komatsu, Kimberly J., additional, Ladouceur, Emma, additional, MacDougall, Andrew, additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Moore, Joslin L., additional, Ohlert, Tim, additional, Power, Sally A., additional, Stevens, Carly J., additional, Wilfahrt, Peter, additional, and Hallett, Lauren M., additional

Published
2022
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49. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition predicts local grassland primary production worldwide

Author

Stevens, Carly J., Lind, Eric M., Hautier, Yann, Harpole, W. Stanley, Borer, Elizabeth T., Hobbie, Sarah, Seabloom, Eric W., Ladwig, Laura, Bakker, Jonathan D., Chu, Chengjin, Collins, Scott, Davies, Kendi F., Firn, Jennifer, Hillebrand, Helmut, La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew, Melbourne, Brett, McCulley, Rebecca L., Morgan, John, Orrock, John L., Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, and Wragg, Peter D.

Published
2015

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