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2. Volatile organic compound and microbiome profiling in patients with colorectal cancer, their spouses and first degree relatives

Author

McFarlane, Michael J.

Subjects
610, RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer)
Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the one of the commonest causes of cancer and cancer related death worldwide. Its aetiology is linked to a number of reversible and irreversible genetic and environmental factors, including age, sex, genetics, smoking and diet. There has been a drive in recent years for non-invasive biomarkers for many malignant and non-malignant diseases across multiple medical specialties. One of the areas of interest is the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various bodily substances by means such as mass spectrometry and electronic noses. CRC patients have been shown to be distinguishable from healthy controls using urinary VOC detection in several studies, including two published by the research group at UHCW and the University of Warwick. There has also been much interest in recent years into the role that the intestinal microbiome plays in health and disease in humans. The aim of this thesis was to characterise the urinary VOC and stool microbiome profiles of CRC patients, their spouses and first degree relatives. The aim being to determine whether the urinary VOC profiles could be distinguished using this technology and to try and better understand the underlying mechanism which lead to CRC carcinogenesis. The first degree relatives and spouses were selected as “common gene pool” and “shared environment” control groups respectively. This work was done using an LC-FAIMS-MS hybrid machine to detect urinary VOCs and 16s RNA sequencing using an Illumina Miseq platform. Comparisons were also made between pre-treatment and post-treatment CRC samples to try and determine if there was any change in either VOC or microbiome profiles after CRC treatment. The urinary VOC profiles of CRC subjects could be distinguished from both sets of healthy controls using a 5-fold cross validation and sparse logistics regression and Random Forrest statistical classifiers, achieving sensitivities of 63-69%, specificities of 64-69% and AUC 0.71-0.72. No statistically significant differences could be found in the urinary VOC profiles of pre-operative and post operative samples. Microbiome analysis revealed over 1300 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with a similarity of >93% between the CRC samples and the control groups, with significantly different bacterial abundances identified in only 82 OTUs (6.2%), mainly Clostridiales bacteria. Pre-treatment and post-treatment sample analysis revealed differences of 17 (3%) and 22 (4%) OTUs at 3 and 6 months respectively, again principally clostridiales. This thesis provides further data on the microbiome composition in CRC. It also provides further proof of the utility of urinary VOCs, for the first time here using LC-FAIMS-MS technology, a variant of the previously utilised FAIMS technology, as a non-invasive biomarker for CRC.

Published
2017

3. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a British Society of Gastroenterology Inflammatory Bowel Disease section and IBD Clinical Research Group position statement

Author

Norton, Christine, Din, Shahida, Glatter, Jackie, Kammermeier, Jochen, Ramdeen, Madhoor, Quraishi, Nabil, Sagar, Peter, Radford, Shellie, Speight, R. Alexander, Steed, Helen, Mcfarlane, Michael, Hawthorne, A. Barney, Alexander, James L, Moran, Gordon W, Gaya, Daniel R, Raine, Tim, Hart, Ailsa, Kennedy, Nicholas A, Lindsay, James O, MacDonald, Jonathan, Segal, Jonathan P, Sebastian, Shaji, Selinger, Christian P, Parkes, Miles, Smith, Philip J, Dhar, Anjan, Subramanian, Sreedhar, Arasaradnam, Ramesh, Lamb, Christopher A, Ahmad, Tariq, Lees, Charlie W, Dobson, Liz, Wakeman, Ruth, Iqbal, Tariq H, Arnott, Ian, and Powell, Nick

Published
2021
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6. Target Mass Monitoring and Instrumentation in the Daya Bay Antineutrino Detectors

Author

Band, Henry R., Cherwinka, Jeffrey J., Greenler, Lee S., Heeger, Karsten M., Hinrichs, Paul, Kang, Li, Lewis, Christine A., Li, Shanfeng, Lin, Shengxin, McFarlane, Michael C., Wang, Wei, Webber, David M., Wei, Yadong, Wise, Thomas S., Xiao, Qiang, Yang, Li, and Zhang, Zhijian

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Daya Bay experiment measures sin^2 2{\theta}_13 using functionally identical antineutrino detectors located at distances of 300 to 2000 meters from the Daya Bay nuclear power complex. Each detector consists of three nested fluid volumes surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. These volumes are coupled to overflow tanks on top of the detector to allow for thermal expansion of the liquid. Antineutrinos are detected through the inverse beta decay reaction on the proton-rich scintillator target. A precise and continuous measurement of the detector's central target mass is achieved by monitoring the the fluid level in the overflow tanks with cameras and ultrasonic and capacitive sensors. In addition, the monitoring system records detector temperature and levelness at multiple positions. This monitoring information allows the precise determination of the detectors' effective number of target protons during data taking. We present the design, calibration, installation and in-situ tests of the Daya Bay real-time antineutrino detector monitoring sensors and readout electronics., Comment: 22 pages, 20 figures; accepted by JINST. Changes in v2: minor revisions to incorporate editorial feedback from JINST

Published
2012
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8. Development of novel indicators

Author

McFarlane, Michael

Subjects
540
Abstract

Two indicating systems for measuring the dose of erythmal UV light have been developed. The first system is of a viologen salt, preferably benzyl viologen chloride, dissolved in poly(vinyl alcohol). This viologen dosimeter responds clearly to different wavelengths and intensities of UV light, although the colour change is hampered by the presence of oxygen, and completely reversed in the absence of UV light. Attempts are made to enhance the rate of the reaction of the viologens with UV light by changing the halide of the salt or adding electron donating species. There is no positive effect noted with the addition of these materials, but changing the halide does alter the UV spectrum of the viologen species, resulting in a slower reaction and thus providing a way of retarding the dosimeter if required. This dosimeter shows a demonstrable reaction to both artificial and natural sources of erythemal light. The second UV dosimeter is based on the tetrazolium salts and is shown to behave in a similar way to the viologen dosimeter, with the neotetrazolium chloride salt as a preferred material for use in the dosimeter. This tetrazolium system is shown to respond clearly to different wavelengths and intensities of light, and shows a demonstrable response to erythemal levels of UV. A solvatochromic indicator is developed, using Reichardt's dye adsorbed onto fumed silica to identify and measure the concentration of various solvent vapours. The fumed silica films are shown to be faster in response than polymer systems and have been shown to distinguish between different solvent vapours, but do not do so in a way that correlates with Reichardt's dye in the pure solvent. These films are shown to be more reliable in identifying alcohol vapours in a predictable manner. A review is also carried out on existing methods of assessing the performance of photocatalytic films, comparing them with a new method developed within the Mills group.

Published
2012
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10. 2020 update of the WSES guidelines for the management of acute colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Weber, Dieter G., Kluger, Yoram, Ansaloni, Luca, Coccolini, Federico, Abu-Zidan, Fikri, Augustin, Goran, Ben-Ishay, Offir, Biffl, Walter L., Bouliaris, Konstantinos, Catena, Rodolfo, Ceresoli, Marco, Chiara, Osvaldo, Chiarugi, Massimo, Coimbra, Raul, Cortese, Francesco, Cui, Yunfeng, Damaskos, Dimitris, de’ Angelis, Gian Luigi, Delibegovic, Samir, Demetrashvili, Zaza, De Simone, Belinda, Di Marzo, Francesco, Di Saverio, Salomone, Duane, Therese M., Faro, Mario Paulo, Fraga, Gustavo P., Gkiokas, George, Gomes, Carlos Augusto, Hardcastle, Timothy C., Hecker, Andreas, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Kashuk, Jeffry, Khokha, Vladimir, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Kok, Kenneth Y. Y., Inaba, Kenji, Isik, Arda, Labricciosa, Francesco M., Latifi, Rifat, Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Mazuski, John E., Maier, Ronald V., Marwah, Sanjay, McFarlane, Michael, Moore, Ernest E., Moore, Frederick A., Negoi, Ionut, Pagani, Leonardo, Rasa, Kemal, Rubio-Perez, Ines, Sakakushev, Boris, Sato, Norio, Sganga, Gabriele, Siquini, Walter, Tarasconi, Antonio, Tolonen, Matti, Ulrych, Jan, Zachariah, Sannop K., and Catena, Fausto

Published
2020
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15. Physiological parameters for Prognosis in Abdominal Sepsis (PIPAS) Study: a WSES observational study

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M., Labricciosa, Francesco M., Kluger, Yoram, Coccolini, Federico, Ansaloni, Luca, Leppäniemi, Ari, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Tolonen, Matti, Tranà, Cristian, Regimbeau, Jean-Marc, Hardcastle, Timothy, Koshy, Renol M., Abbas, Ashraf, Aday, Ulaş, Adesunkanmi, A. R. K., Ajibade, Adesina, Akhmeteli, Lali, Akın, Emrah, Akkapulu, Nezih, Alotaibi, Alhenouf, Altintoprak, Fatih, Anyfantakis, Dimitrios, Atanasov, Boyko, Augustin, Goran, Azevedo, Constança, Bala, Miklosh, Balalis, Dimitrios, Baraket, Oussama, Baral, Suman, Barkai, Or, Beltran, Marcelo, Bini, Roberto, Bouliaris, Konstantinos, Caballero, Ana B., Calu, Valentin, Catani, Marco, Ceresoli, Marco, Charalampakis, Vasileios, Jusoh, Asri Che, Chiarugi, Massimo, Cillara, Nicola, Cuesta, Raquel Cobos, Cobuccio, Luigi, Cocorullo, Gianfranco, Colak, Elif, Conti, Luigi, Cui, Yunfeng, De Simone, Belinda, Delibegovic, Samir, Demetrashvili, Zaza, Demetriades, Demetrios, Dimova, Ana, Dogjani, Agron, Enani, Mushira, Farina, Federica, Ferrara, Francesco, Foghetti, Domitilla, Fontana, Tommaso, Fraga, Gustavo P., Gachabayov, Mahir, Gérard, Grelpois, Ghnnam, Wagih, Maurel, Teresa Giménez, Gkiokas, Georgios, Gomes, Carlos A., Guner, Ali, Gupta, Sanjay, Hecker, Andreas, Hirano, Elcio S., Hodonou, Adrien, Hutan, Martin, Ilaschuk, Igor, Ioannidis, Orestis, Isik, Arda, Ivakhov, Georgy, Jain, Sumita, Jokubauskas, Mantas, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Kaushik, Robin, Kenig, Jakub, Khokha, Vladimir, Khokha, Denis, Kim, Jae Il, Kong, Victor, Korkolis, Dimitris, Kruger, Vitor F., Kshirsagar, Ashok, Simões, Romeo Lages, Lanaia, Andrea, Lasithiotakis, Konstantinos, Leão, Pedro, Arellano, Miguel León, Listle, Holger, Litvin, Andrey, Lizarazu Pérez, Aintzane, Lopez-Tomassetti Fernandez, Eudaldo, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Luppi, Davide, Machain V, Gustavo M., Major, Piotr, Manatakis, Dimitrios, Reitz, Marianne Marchini, Marinis, Athanasios, Marrelli, Daniele, Martínez-Pérez, Aleix, Marwah, Sanjay, McFarlane, Michael, Mesic, Mirza, Mesina, Cristian, Michalopoulos, Nickos, Misiakos, Evangelos, Moreira, Felipe Gonçalves, Mouaqit, Ouadii, Muhtaroglu, Ali, Naidoo, Noel, Negoi, Ionut, Nikitina, Zane, Nikolopoulos, Ioannis, Nita, Gabriela-Elisa, Occhionorelli, Savino, Olaoye, Iyiade, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Ozkan, Zeynep, Pal, Ajay, Palini, Gian M., Papageorgiou, Kyriaki, Papagoras, Dimitris, Pata, Francesco, Pędziwiatr, Michał, Pereira, Jorge, Pereira Junior, Gerson A., Perrone, Gennaro, Pintar, Tadeja, Pisarska, Magdalena, Plehutsa, Oleksandr, Podda, Mauro, Poillucci, Gaetano, Quiodettis, Martha, Rahim, Tuba, Rios-Cruz, Daniel, Rodrigues, Gabriel, Rozov, Dmytry, Sakakushev, Boris, Sall, Ibrahima, Sazhin, Alexander, Semião, Miguel, Sharda, Taanya, Shelat, Vishal, Sinibaldi, Giovanni, Skicko, Dmitrijs, Skrovina, Matej, Stamatiou, Dimitrios, Stella, Marco, Strzałka, Marcin, Sydorchuk, Ruslan, Teixeira Gonsaga, Ricardo A., Tochie, Joel Noutakdie, Tomadze, Gia, Ugoletti, Lara, Ulrych, Jan, Ümarik, Toomas, Uzunoglu, Mustafa Y., Vasilescu, Alin, Vaz, Osborne, Vereczkei, Andras, Vlad, Nutu, Walędziak, Maciej, Yahya, Ali I., Yalkin, Omer, Yilmaz, Tonguç U., Ünal, Ali Ekrem, Yuan, Kuo-Ching, Zachariah, Sanoop K., Žilinskas, Justas, Zizzo, Maurizio, Pattonieri, Vittoria, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, and Catena, Fausto

Published
2019
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17. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude towards infection prevention and management among surgeons: identifying the surgeon champion

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Kluger, Yoram, Ansaloni, Luca, Coccolini, Federico, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, Hardcastle, Timothy C., Moore, Ernest E., May, Addison K., Itani, Kamal M. F., Fry, Donald E., Boermeester, Marja A., Guirao, Xavier, Napolitano, Lena, Sawyer, Robert G., Rasa, Kemal, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M., Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K., Atanasov, Boyko, Augustin, Goran, Bala, Miklosh, Cainzos, Miguel A., Chichom-Mefire, Alain, Cortese, Francesco, Damaskos, Dimitris, Delibegovic, Samir, Demetrashvili, Zaza, De Simone, Belinda, Duane, Therese M., Ghnnam, Wagih, Gkiokas, George, Gomes, Carlos A., Hecker, Andreas, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Kenig, Jakub, Khokha, Vladimir, Kong, Victor, Isik, Arda, Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Machain, Gustavo M., Marwah, Sanjay, McFarlane, Michael, Mesina, Cristian, Negoi, Ionut, Olaoye, Iyiade, Pintar, Tadeja, Pupelis, Guntars, Rems, Miran, Rubio-Perez, Ines, Sakakushev, Boris, Segovia-Lohse, Helmut, Siribumrungwong, Boonying, Talving, Peep, Ulrych, Jan, Vereczkei, András G., Labricciosa, Francesco M., and Catena, Fausto

Published
2018
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18. Prospective Observational Study on acute Appendicitis Worldwide (POSAW)

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Baiocchi, Gian L., Di Saverio, Salomone, Ferrara, Francesco, Labricciosa, Francesco M., Ansaloni, Luca, Coccolini, Federico, Vijayan, Deepak, Abbas, Ashraf, Abongwa, Hariscine K., Agboola, John, Ahmed, Adamu, Akhmeteli, Lali, Akkapulu, Nezih, Akkucuk, Seckin, Altintoprak, Fatih, Andreiev, Aurelia L., Anyfantakis, Dimitrios, Atanasov, Boiko, Bala, Miklosh, Balalis, Dimitrios, Baraket, Oussama, Bellanova, Giovanni, Beltran, Marcelo, Melo, Renato Bessa, Bini, Roberto, Bouliaris, Konstantinos, Brunelli, Daniele, Castillo, Adrian, Catani, Marco, Che Jusoh, Asri, Chichom-Mefire, Alain, Cocorullo, Gianfranco, Coimbra, Raul, Colak, Elif, Costa, Silvia, Das, Koray, Delibegovic, Samir, Demetrashvili, Zaza, Di Carlo, Isidoro, Kiseleva, Nadezda, El Zalabany, Tamer, Faro, Mario, Ferreira, Margarida, Fraga, Gustavo P., Gachabayov, Mahir, Ghnnam, Wagih M., Giménez Maurel, Teresa, Gkiokas, Georgios, Gomes, Carlos A., Griffiths, Ewen, Guner, Ali, Gupta, Sanjay, Hecker, Andreas, Hirano, Elcio S., Hodonou, Adrien, Hutan, Martin, Ioannidis, Orestis, Isik, Arda, Ivakhov, Georgy, Jain, Sumita, Jokubauskas, Mantas, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Kauhanen, Saila, Kaushik, Robin, Kavalakat, Alfie, Kenig, Jakub, Khokha, Vladimir, Khor, Desmond, Kim, Dennis, Kim, Jae I., Kong, Victor, Lasithiotakis, Konstantinos, Leão, Pedro, Leon, Miguel, Litvin, Andrey, Lohsiriwat, Varut, López-Tomassetti Fernandez, Eudaldo, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Maciel, James, Major, Piotr, Dimova, Ana, Manatakis, Dimitrios, Marinis, Athanasio, Martinez-Perez, Aleix, Marwah, Sanjay, McFarlane, Michael, Mesina, Cristian, Pędziwiatr, Michał, Michalopoulos, Nickos, Misiakos, Evangelos, Mohamedahmed, Ali, Moldovanu, Radu, Montori, Giulia, Mysore Narayana, Raghuveer, Negoi, Ionut, Nikolopoulos, Ioannis, Novelli, Giuseppe, Novikovs, Viktors, Olaoye, Iyiade, Omari, Abdelkarim, Ordoñez, Carlos A., Ouadii, Mouaqit, Ozkan, Zeynep, Pal, Ajay, Palini, Gian M., Partecke, Lars I., Pata, Francesco, Pędziwiatr, Michał, Pereira Júnior, Gerson A., Pintar, Tadeja, Pisarska, Magdalena, Ploneda-Valencia, Cesar F., Pouggouras, Konstantinos, Prabhu, Vinod, Ramakrishnapillai, Padmakumar, Regimbeau, Jean-Marc, Reitz, Marianne, Rios-Cruz, Daniel, Saar, Sten, Sakakushev, Boris, Seretis, Charalampos, Sazhin, Alexander, Shelat, Vishal, Skrovina, Matej, Smirnov, Dmitry, Spyropoulos, Charalampos, Strzałka, Marcin, Talving, Peep, Teixeira Gonsaga, Ricardo A., Theobald, George, Tomadze, Gia, Torba, Myftar, Tranà, Cristian, Ulrych, Jan, Uzunoğlu, Mustafa Y., Vasilescu, Alin, Occhionorelli, Savino, Venara, Aurélien, Vereczkei, Andras, Vettoretto, Nereo, Vlad, Nutu, Walędziak, Maciej, Yilmaz, Tonguç U., Yuan, Kuo-Ching, Yunfeng, Cui, Zilinskas, Justas, Grelpois, Gérard, and Catena, Fausto

Published
2018
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20. HTH-14 A multi-centre analysis of AUGIB; urea-creatinine ratiois a useful predictor for bleeding, and endotherapy

Author

Serna, Solange, primary, Segal, Jonathan, additional, Abbasi, Abdullah, additional, Aleem, Junaid, additional, Alhamamy, Noor, additional, Alkoury, Jad, additional, Anjum, Raheel, additional, Disney, Mr Benjamin, additional, Howard, Emma, additional, Hundle, Aaron, additional, Hussain, Nasir, additional, Ismail, Mr Asem, additional, McFarlane, Michael, additional, Mozdiak, Ella, additional, Port, Saskia, additional, Rattehalli, Deepa, additional, Schembri, John, additional, Silva, Geeth, additional, Thoufeeq, Mo, additional, and Verma, Ajay, additional

Published
2021
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21. P047 Nutrition in decompensated liver disease: A regional trainee-led audit investigating malnutrition and the impact of nutritional interventions following admission with decompensated chronic liver disease

Author

Morgan, James, primary, O’Flynn, Lauren, additional, Srinivasa, Amar, additional, Ahmed, Shahd, additional, Nia, Gohar Jalayeri, additional, Mahgoub, Sara, additional, Ngonadi, Chemilie, additional, McFarlane, Michael, additional, Burch, Nicola, additional, and Gordon, Victoria, additional

Published
2021
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25. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a British Society of Gastroenterology Inflammatory Bowel Disease section and IBD Clinical Research Group position statement

Author

Alexander, James L, primary, Moran, Gordon W, additional, Gaya, Daniel R, additional, Raine, Tim, additional, Hart, Ailsa, additional, Kennedy, Nicholas A, additional, Lindsay, James O, additional, MacDonald, Jonathan, additional, Segal, Jonathan P, additional, Sebastian, Shaji, additional, Selinger, Christian P, additional, Parkes, Miles, additional, Smith, Philip J, additional, Dhar, Anjan, additional, Subramanian, Sreedhar, additional, Arasaradnam, Ramesh, additional, Lamb, Christopher A, additional, Ahmad, Tariq, additional, Lees, Charlie W, additional, Dobson, Liz, additional, Wakeman, Ruth, additional, Iqbal, Tariq H, additional, Arnott, Ian, additional, Powell, Nick, additional, Norton, Christine, additional, Din, Shahida, additional, Glatter, Jackie, additional, Kammermeier, Jochen, additional, Ramdeen, Madhoor, additional, Quraishi, Nabil, additional, Sagar, Peter, additional, Radford, Shellie, additional, Speight, R. Alexander, additional, Steed, Helen, additional, Mcfarlane, Michael, additional, and Hawthorne, A. Barney, additional

Published
2021
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36. A multicentre development and validation study of a novel lower gastrointestinal bleeding score—The Birmingham Score

Author

Smith, Samuel C. L., primary, Bazarova, Alina, additional, Ejenavi, Efe, additional, Qurashi, Maria, additional, Shivaji, Uday N., additional, Harvey, Phil R., additional, Slaney, Emma, additional, McFarlane, Michael, additional, Baker, Graham, additional, Elnagar, Mohamed, additional, Yuzari, Sarah, additional, Gkoutos, Georgios, additional, Ghosh, Subrata, additional, and Iacucci, Marietta, additional

Published
2019
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37. Base-induced cyclisations of ortho-substituted nitro-aromatics

Author

McFarlane, Michael David and Smith, D. M.

Subjects
547, QD341.N8M3, Nitroaromatic compounds
Abstract

In Chapter I some of the chemical, biological and physical properties of purine analogues, particularly benzimidazole N-oxides, are briefly discussed. In Chapter II, the preparations of 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-amino-1H-benzimidazole 3-oxides are described. The methods employed involve base-induced cyclisation of suitably protected aminonitrophenyl glycine derivatives (esters or nitriles) followed by hydrolysis of the ester or nitrile and decarboxylation. In Chapter III, attempts are made to prepare imidazopyridine N-oxides, an area of N-oxide chemistry little explored. Although few derivatives of this class of compound are synthesised, the preparation of the parent 3H-imidazo[4 ,5-b]pyridine 1-oxide is accomplished. In Chapter IV, the possibility of preparing 1-methylbenzimidazole 3-oxides by the methods used in Chapters II and III is investigated, but unexpected results are obtained e.g. cyclisation of O-nitropheny1-sarcosine esters gives 1-hydroxy-4-methylquinoxaline-2, 3-diones. These reactions have instigated an investigation into the general mechanism for the base-induced cyclisations discussed in this thesis.

Published
1988

38. Systems Engineering Simulator (SES) Simulator Planning Guide

Author

McFarlane, Michael

Subjects
Ground Support Systems And Facilities (Space)
Abstract

The simulation process, milestones and inputs are unknowns to first-time users of the SES. The Simulator Planning Guide aids in establishing expectations for both NASA and non-NASA facility customers. The potential audience for this guide includes both internal and commercial spaceflight hardware/software developers. It is intended to assist their engineering personnel in simulation planning and execution. Material covered includes a roadmap of the simulation process, roles and responsibilities of facility and user, major milestones, facility capabilities, and inputs required by the facility. Samples of deliverables, facility interfaces, and inputs necessary to define scope, cost, and schedule are included as an appendix to the guide.

Published
2011

44. The epidemiologic necropsy for abdominal aortic aneurysm

Author

McFarlane, Michael J.

Subjects
Aortic aneurysms -- Demographic aspects, Autopsy -- Statistics, Epidemiological research -- Methods
Abstract

Determining the number of cases of an illness in a given population has traditionally been done through screening surveys of living subjects. A new tool for determining disease prevalence is the epidemiologic necropsy, or autopsy survey. One disease entity so studied was the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), which involves a ballooning and thinning of the walls of the aorta, the body's largest artery, as it passes through the abdomen. These aneurysms are a not uncommon cause of death, but their prevalence in the population in general is unknown. A series of over 7,000 autopsies from the same hospital, in cases where no diagnosis of AAA was suspected, were reviewed to determine how frequently AAA was diagnosed after death. The autopsy detection rate of AAA in men was 81 of 4,155, and in women, 28 of 3,142. A comparison of these results with ultrasound screenings of living populations revealed similar prevalences of unsuspected AAA. The validity of epidemiologic autopsy as a research tool is still to be determined. These preliminary results suggest that such autopsy reviews will be useful, but more must be done, involving hospitals in different geographic areas, to determine if the epidemiological technique will reveal the true incidence of disease in given populations. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

45. Jane Jacobs The Ethicist: Systems of Survival and Jacobs' Moral Philosophy

Author

McFarlane, Michael Wright, Soifer, Eldon, Elliott, David, Piercey, Robert, and Jaffe, JoAnn

Abstract

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Social & Political Thought, University of Regina. iv, 150 p. This work intends to show that Jacobs’ moral philosophy makes a strong case for objective moral knowledge. She posits that there are two moral syndromes that are intended to guide working life morality. Roughly speaking, the commercial syndrome guides commerce and the guardian syndrome governs politics and other occupations associated with territorial management. These syndromes are composed of several interconnected precepts and Jacobs argues that these precepts from one syndrome should not be employed with precepts from the other. Should we fail to observe this rule, we will trigger what she calls the Law of Intractable Systemic Corruption (LISC). This law states that every time a working environment mixes precepts together the result is a monstrous moral hybrid syndrome that produces intractable systemic corruption. While this work is too small to prove such a grandiose claim, by diving into Jacobs’ example of the Latin American debt crisis we can see how her system of analysis makes it clear what moral knowledge the actors involved mistakenly ignored and how their doing so caused the crisis. Even though one successful example does not prove the LISC correct it does show that, in at least some instances, it is objectively better to behave morally than to behave immorally. Jacobs hopes to employ this objective knowledge, through increased moral education, to support the use of fear and enforcement that are intended to keep societies from collapsing from corruption within. However, Thomas Hobbes, whose political philosophy also relies on fear, has a different perspective on human nature than Jacobs. Jacobs assumes that people generally want to behave morally and that many moral mistakes can ultimately be attributed to a lack of understanding instead of intentional ii selfishness. Hobbes uses the idea that human beings prioritize their self-interest as the basis of his conception of human nature. He argues that if this is the case then people can only be motivated by fear to adhere to the prosocial behaviour necessary for societies to succeed. A set of experiments conducted by C. Daniel Batson et al. on moral hypocrisy seem to create a sort of Ring of Gyges scenario in the lab meaning that participants can pursue their self-interest without with the fear of consequences. At first glance, the results of these experiments provide a justification for Hobbes’ view of human nature. However, through reference to the work of George W. Watson et al. and Maureen Sie, we can show that Batson’s experiments failed to take into account reporting bias and context. Through further experiments Watson et al. show that we still have good reason to believe that people value morality and can be motivated by it. If Hobbes’ pessimistic view is not justified by the empirical evidence then it seems fair to say that Jacobs’ contributions toward objective moral knowledge are a helpful step toward supporting her proposed addition to fear in moral education. Student yes

Published
2018

46. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude towards infection prevention and management among surgeons: identifying the surgeon champion

Author

Sartelli, Massimo Kluger, Yoram Ansaloni, Luca Coccolini, Federico Baiocchi, Gian Luca Hardcastle, Timothy C. Moore, Ernest E. May, Addison K. Itani, Kamal M. F. Fry, Donald E. and Boermeester, Marja A. Guirao, Xavier Napolitano, Lena and Sawyer, Robert G. Rasa, Kemal Abu-Zidan, Fikri M. and Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K. Atanasov, Boyko Augustin, Goran and Bala, Miklosh Cainzos, Miguel A. Chichom-Mefire, Alain and Cortese, Francesco Damaskos, Dimitris Delibegovic, Samir and Demetrashvili, Zaza De Simone, Belinda Duane, Therese M. and Ghnnam, Wagih Gkiokas, George Gomes, Carlos A. Hecker, Andreas Karamarkovic, Aleksandar Kenig, Jakub Khokha, Vladimir Kong, Victor Isik, Arda Leppaniemi, Ari Litvin, Andrey Lostoridis, Eftychios Machain, Gustavo M. Marwah, Sanjay McFarlane, Michael Mesina, Cristian Negoi, Ionut and Olaoye, Iyiade Pintar, Tadeja Pupelis, Guntars Rems, Miran and Rubio-Perez, Ines Sakakushev, Boris Segovia-Lohse, Helmut and Siribumrungwong, Boonying Talving, Peep Ulrych, Jan and Vereczkei, Andras G. Labricciosa, Francesco M. Catena, Fausto

Abstract

Despite evidence supporting the effectiveness of best practices of infection prevention and management, many surgeons worldwide fail to implement them. Evidence-based practices tend to be underused in routine practice. Surgeons with knowledge in surgical infections should provide feedback to prescribers and integrate best practices among surgeons and implement changes within their team. Identifying a local opinion leader to serve as a champion within the surgical department may be important. The “surgeon champion” can integrate best clinical practices of infection prevention and management, drive behavior change in their colleagues, and interact with both infection control teams in promoting antimicrobial stewardship.

Published
2018

48. 899 A MULTICENTRE VALIDATION STUDY OF A NOVEL LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING (LGIB) SCORE-THE BIRMINGHAM (BHAM) SCORE

Author

Smith, Samuel C., primary, Bazarova, Alina, additional, Ejenavi, Efe, additional, Qurashi, Maria, additional, Shivaji, Uday N., additional, Harvey, Philip R., additional, Slaney, Emma, additional, McFarlane, Michael, additional, Baker, Graham, additional, Elnagar, Mohamed, additional, Yuzari, Sarah, additional, Gkoutos, Georgios, additional, Ghosh, Subrata, additional, and Iacucci, Marietta, additional

Published
2019
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49. Time to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Results from a prospective multicentre trainee‐led audit

Author

Siau, Keith, primary, Hodson, James, additional, Ingram, Richard, additional, Baxter, Andrew, additional, Widlak, Monika M, additional, Sharratt, Caroline, additional, Baker, Graham M, additional, Troth, Tom, additional, Hicken, Ben, additional, Tahir, Faraz, additional, Magrabi, Malik, additional, Yousaf, Nouman, additional, Grant, Claire, additional, Poon, Dennis, additional, Khalil, Hesham, additional, Lee, Hui Lin, additional, White, Jonathan R, additional, Tan, Huey, additional, Samani, Syazeddy, additional, Hooper, Patricia, additional, Ahmed, Saeed, additional, Amin, Muhammad, additional, Mahgoub, Sara, additional, Asghar, Khayal, additional, Leet, Farique, additional, Harborne, Matthew J, additional, Polewiczowska, Beata, additional, Khan, Sheeba, additional, Anjum, Muhammad R, additional, McFarlane, Michael, additional, Mozdiak, Ella, additional, O'Flynn, Lauren D, additional, Blee, Ilona C, additional, Molyneux, Rachel M, additional, Kurian, Ashok, additional, Abbas, Syed N, additional, Abbasi, Abdullah, additional, Karim, Aadil, additional, Yasin, Asif, additional, Khattak, Fawad, additional, White, Josephine, additional, Ahmed, Ruhina, additional, Morgan, James A, additional, Alleyne, Lance, additional, Alam, Mohamed A, additional, Palaniyappan, Naaventhan, additional, Rodger, Victoria J, additional, Sawhney, Paramvir, additional, Aslam, Nasar, additional, Okeke, Theodore, additional, Lawson, Adam, additional, Cheung, Danny, additional, Reid, Jeremy P, additional, Awasthi, Ashish, additional, Anderson, Mark R, additional, Timothy, Joe R, additional, Pattni, Sanjeev, additional, Ahmad, Saqib, additional, Townson, Gillian, additional, Shearman, Jeremy, additional, Giljaca, Vanja, additional, Brookes, Matthew J, additional, Disney, Ben R, additional, Guha, Neil, additional, Thomas, Titus, additional, Norman, Anthony, additional, Wurm, Peter, additional, Shah, Ashit, additional, Fisher, Neil C, additional, Ishaq, Sauid, additional, and Major, Giles, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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