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In this work we combine sentiment analysis with graph theory to analyze user posts, likes/dislikes on a variety of social media to provide recommendations for YouTube videos. We focus on the topic of climate change/global warming, which has caused much alarm and controversy over recent years. Our intention is to recommend informative YouTube videos to those seeking a balanced viewpoint of this area and the key arguments/issues. To this end we analyze Twitter data; Reddit comments and posts; user comments, view statistics and likes/dislikes of YouTube videos. The combination of sentiment analysis with raw statistics and linking users with their posts gives deeper insights into their needs and quest for quality information. Sentiment analysis provides the insights into user likes and dislikes, graph theory provides the linkage patterns and relationships between users, posts, and sentiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many users of image retrieval systems would prefer to express initial queries using keywords. However, manual keyword indexing is very time-consuming. Therefore, a content-based image retrieval system which can automatically assign keywords to images would be very attractive. Unfortunately, it has proved very challenging to build such systems, except where either the image domain is restricted or the keywords relate only to low-level concepts such as color. This article presents a novel image indexing and classification system, called CLAIRE (CLAssifying Images for REtrieval), composed of one image processing module and three modules of support vector machines for color, texture, and high-level concept classification for keyword assignment. The experimental prototype system described here assigns up to five keywords selected from a controlled vocabulary of 60 terms to each image. The system is trained offline by 1639 examples from the Corel stock photo library. For evaluation, five judges reviewed a sample of 800 unknown images to identify which automatically assigned keywords were actually relevant to the image. The system proved to have an 80% probability to assign at least one relevant keyword to an image. Categories and Subject Descriptors: H.3.1 [Information Storage and Retrieval I: Content Analysis and Indexing; 1.4.7 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]: Feature Measurement; 1.4.10 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]: Image Representation General Terms: Algorithms, Experimentation Additional Key Words and Phrases: Content-based image retrieval, image indexing, image classification, support vector machines, multiple classifier systems

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Clinical Guideline 156 advises that transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) should be used in the first cycle of treatment with clomifene citrate, to assess for multifollicular development and hence the risk of multiple pregnancy. This guidance is based on expert opinion rather than research evidence. We conducted a cross-sectional online and postal survey among UK-based consultant gynaecologists and fertility specialists, to explore compliance with this guideline. A total of 110 responses met the inclusion criteria. During first-cycle treatment with clomifene, 50.9% of respondents were not always using TVUS, and 21.8% never were. Clinicians who did not have immediate access to TVUS were significantly less likely to scan (p < 0.01). Other key factors influencing practice were, personal experience of the clinician, lack of an evidence base to support the guideline and a willingness to accept the risk of multiple pregnancy. Several respondents questioned the value of scanning the first cycle only and highlighted that over-response may be seen in subsequent cycles. This study confirms that there is variation in adherence to the guideline and uncertainty about the clinical need for scan monitoring. Further evidence to support or refute the guideline is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical drug promotion practices are found to have potentially controversial ethical standards. They may compromise on patient's wellbeing especially when it inordinately affects the clinical care and patient's interests by influencing the prescribing behavior of physicians. There is no proper system to keep a watch on the drug marketing and promotion strategies by the pharmaceuticals in Pakistan. A cross sectional study using a specially designed questionnaire and convenience sampling was conducted in Karachi for 6 months targeting prescribers and medical sales representative (MSRs). A total of 600 MSRs and prescribers consented to participate. 66% of MSRs highlighted that prescribers follow ethical prescribing but only (58%) seek evidence base behind promoted drug. This was contradictory to prescribers' response to same, which was 87%. Only (10%) of prescribers acknowledged demanding expensive gifts such as laptops, ACs, furniture and renovation of the clinic which was about 40% according to MSRs. This study offered intricate insights into the MSR and physicians interactions. It highlighted various aspects of these relationships from both MSRs' and prescribers' point of view. Although majority of the physicians negated the notion of expecting expensive favors from the sales representatives, responses by MSRs suggest that anticipation of gifts and incentives exists on part of the physicians. This has the potential to indulge in unethical promotion and irrational prescribing on part of MSRs and prescribers respectively that may further contribute to untoward patient outcomes such as increased treatment costs and adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]