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1. The Role of Human Creativity in the Presence of AI Creativity Tools at Work: A Case Study on AI-Driven Content Transformation in Journalism

Author

Wang, Sitong, McKinnon-Crowley, Jocelyn, Long, Tao, Lua, Kian Loong, Henderson, Keren, Crowston, Kevin, Nickerson, Jeffrey V., Hansen, Mark, and Chilton, Lydia B.

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

As AI becomes more capable, it is unclear how human creativity will remain essential in jobs that incorporate AI. We conducted a 14-week study of a student newsroom using an AI tool to convert web articles into social media videos. Most treated the tool as a creative springboard, yet still had to edit many AI outputs. The tool enabled the team to publish successful content, receiving over 500,000 views. Yet creators sometimes treated AI as an unquestioned expert, accepting flawed suggestions. Editorial critique was essential to spot errors and guide creative solutions when AI failed. We discuss how AI's inherent gaps ensure human creativity remains vital.

Published
2025

2. Inclusive Electron Scattering in the Resonance Region off a Hydrogen Target with CLAS12

Author

Klimenko, V., Carman, D. S., Gothe, R. W., Joo, K., Markov, N., Mokeev, V. I., Niculescu, G., Achenbach, P., Alvarado, J. S., Armstrong, W., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Baashen, L., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Boiarinov, S., Bossu, F., Brinkmann, K. -Th., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Bueltmann, S., Capobianco, R., Carvajal, J., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Ciullo, G., Angelo, A. D, Dashyan, N., Defurne, M., De Vita, R., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Fegan, S., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Glazier, D. I., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T. B., Heddle, D., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jiang, H., Jo, H. S., Joosten, S., Kageya, T., Keller, D., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klest, H. T., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Livingston, K., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Martiryan, D., Mascagna, V., Matamoris, D., McKinnon, B., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Camacho, C. Munoz, Turonski, P. Nadel, Nagorna, T., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Osipenko, M., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Phelps, W., Pilleux, N., Rafael, S. Polcher, Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Raue, B. A., Richards, J., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rossi, P., Rusova, A. A., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Sparveris, N., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A, Tenorio, M., Trotta, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Vittorini, T., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Weerasinghe, U., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Xu, L., Zachariou, N., Zhao, Z. W., Zurek, M., and Shresth, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Inclusive electron scattering cross sections off a hydrogen target at a beam energy of 10.6 GeV have been measured with data collected from the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. These first absolute cross sections from CLAS12 cover a wide kinematic area in invariant mass W of the final state hadrons from the pion threshold up to 2.5 GeV for each bin in virtual photon four-momentum transfer squared $Q^2$ from 2.55 to 10.4~GeV$^2$ owing to the large scattering angle acceptance of the CLAS12 detector. Comparison of the cross sections with the resonant contributions computed from the CLAS results on the nucleon resonance electroexcitation amplitudes has demonstrated a promising opportunity to extend the information on their $Q^2$ evolution up to 10 GeV$^2$. Together these results from CLAS and CLAS12 offer good prospects for probing the nucleon parton distributions at large fractional parton momenta $x$ for $W$ < 2.5 GeV, while covering the range of distances where the transition from the strongly coupled to the perturbative regimes is expected.

Published
2025

4. Immunological and molecular features of the tumor microenvironment of long-term survivors of ovarian cancer

Author

Nelson, Brad H, Hamilton, Phineas T, Phung, Minh Tung, Milne, Katy, Harris, Bronwyn, Thornton, Shelby, Stevens, Donald LI, Kalaria, Shreena, Singh, Karanvir, Laumont, Céline M, Moss, Elena, Alimujiang, Aliya, Meagher, Nicola S, Bolithon, Adelyn, Fereday, Sian, Kennedy, Catherine J, Hendley, Joy, Ariyaratne, Dinuka, Alsop, Kathryn, Traficante, Nadia, Goode, Ellen L, Karnezis, Anthony N, Shen, Hui, Richardson, Jean, Deurloo, Cindy McKinnon, Chase, Anne, Grout, Bronwyn, Doherty, Jennifer A, Harris, Holly R, Cushing-Haugen, Kara L, Anglesio, Michael S, Heinze, Karolin, Huntsman, David, Talhouk, Aline, Hanley, Gillian E, Alsop, Jennifer, Jimenez-Linan, Mercedes, Pharoah, Paul DP, Boros, Jessica, Brand, Alison H, Harnett, Paul R, Sharma, Raghwa, Hecht, Jonathan L, Sasamoto, Naoko, Terry, Kathryn L, Karlan, Beth Y, Lester, Jenny, Carney, Michael E, Goodman, Marc T, Hernandez, Brenda Y, Wilkens, Lynne R, Behrens, Sabine, Fortner, Renée Turzanski, Fasching, Peter A, Bisinotto, Christiani, dos Reis, Francisco José Candido, Ghatage, Prafull, Köbel, Martin, Elishaev, Esther, Modugno, Francesmary, Cook, Linda S, Le, Nhu D, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Menon, Usha, García, María J, Rodriguez-Antona, Cristina, Farrington, Kyo M, Kelemen, Linda E, Kommoss, Stefan, Staebler, Annette, Garsed, Dale W, Brenton, James D, Piskorz, Anna M, Bowtell, David DL, DeFazio, Anna, Ramus, Susan J, Pike, Malcolm C, and Pearce, Celeste Leigh

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Cancer, Women's Health, Ovarian Cancer, Rare Diseases, Orphan Drug, Humans, Female, Tumor Microenvironment, Ovarian Neoplasms, Cancer Survivors, Middle Aged, Aged, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Neoplasm Proteins, Adult, Cellular immune response, Epidemiology, Oncology, Medical and Health Sciences, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BACKGROUNDDespite an overall poor prognosis, about 15% of patients with advanced-stage tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) survive 10 or more years after standard treatment.METHODSWe evaluated the tumor microenvironment of this exceptional, understudied group using a large international cohort enriched for long-term survivors (LTS; 10+ years; n = 374) compared with mid-term (MTS; 5-7.99 years; n = 433) and short-term survivors (STS; 2-4.99 years; n = 416). Primary tumor samples were immunostained and scored for intraepithelial and intrastromal densities of 10 immune-cell subsets (including T cells, B cells, plasma cells, myeloid cells, PD-1+ cells, and PD-L1+ cells) and epithelial content.RESULTSPositive associations with LTS compared with STS were seen for 9 of 10 immune-cell subsets. In particular, the combination of intraepithelial CD8+ T cells and intrastromal B cells showed near 5-fold increased odds of LTS compared with STS. All of these associations were stronger in tumors with high epithelial content and/or the C4/Differentiated molecular subtype, despite immune-cell densities generally being higher in tumors with low epithelial content and/or the C2/Immunoreactive molecular subtype.CONCLUSIONThe tumor microenvironment of HGSC LTS is distinguished by the intersection of T and B cell coinfiltration, high epithelial content, and C4/differentiated molecular subtype, features which may inspire new approaches to immunotherapy.FUNDINGOvarian Cancer Research Program (OCRP) of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (CDMRP), U.S. Department of Defense (DOD); American Cancer Society; BC Cancer Foundation; Canada's Networks of Centres of Excellence; Canadian Cancer Society; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Cancer Councils of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and Tasmania, Cancer Foundation of Western Australia; Cancer Institute NSW; Cancer Research UK; Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft; ELAN Funds of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Fred C. and Katherine B. Andersen Foundation; Genome BC; German Cancer Research Center; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Programme of Clinical Biomedical Research; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Mayo Foundation; Minnesota Ovarian Cancer Alliance; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Medical Research Council (MRC); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC); Ovarian Cancer Australia; Peter MacCallum Foundation; Sydney West Translational Cancer Research Centre; Terry Fox Research Institute; The Eve Appeal (The Oak Foundation); UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres at the University of Cambridge; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; U.S. National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health; VGH & UBC Hospital Foundation; Victorian Cancer Agency.

Published
2024

5. Unusual intra-burst variations of polarization states in FRB 20210912A and FRB 20230708A : Effects of plasma birefringence?

Author

Bera, Apurba, James, Clancy W., McKinnon, Mark M., Ekers, Ronald D., Dial, Tyson, Deller, Adam T., Bannister, Keith W., Glowacki, Marcin, and Shannon, Ryan M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are highly energetic events of short-duration intense radio emission, the origin of which remains elusive till date. Polarization of the FRB signals carry information about the emission source as well as the magneto-ionic media the signal passes through before reaching terrestrial radio telescopes. Currently known FRBs show a diverse range of polarization, sometimes with complex features, making it challenging to describe them in a unified model. FRB 20230708A and FRB 20210912A are two bright and highly polarized FRBs detected in the Commensal Real-time ASKAP Fast Transients (CRAFT) survey with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) that exhibit time-dependent conversion between linear and circular polarization as well as intra-burst (apparent) variation of Faraday rotation measure. We investigate the intra-burst temporal evolution of the polarization state of radio emission in these two events using the Poincar\'e sphere representation and find that the trajectories of the polarization state are well described by great circles on the Poincar\'e sphere. These polarization features may be signatures of a transition between two partially coherent orthogonal polarization modes or propagation through a birefringent medium. We find that the observed variations of the polarization states of these two FRBs are qualitatively consistent a magnetospheric origin of the bursts and the effects of propagation through a birefringent medium with linearly polarized modes in the outer magnetosphere or near-wind region of a neutron star., Comment: Submitted

Published
2024

6. Considerations and recommendations from the ISMRM Diffusion Study Group for preclinical diffusion MRI: Part 3 -- Ex vivo imaging: data processing, comparisons with microscopy, and tractography

Author

Schilling, Kurt G, Howard, Amy FD, Grussu, Francesco, Ianus, Andrada, Hansen, Brian, Barrett, Rachel L C, Aggarwal, Manisha, Michielse, Stijn, Nasrallah, Fatima, Syeda, Warda, Wang, Nian, Veraart, Jelle, Roebroeck, Alard, Bagdasarian, Andrew F, Eichner, Cornelius, Sepehrband, Farshid, Zimmermann, Jan, Soustelle, Lucas, Bowman, Christien, Tendler, Benjamin C, Hertanu, Andreea, Jeurissen, Ben, Verhoye, Marleen, Frydman, Lucio, van de Looij, Yohan, Hike, David, Dunn, Jeff F, Miller, Karla, Landman, Bennett A, Shemesh, Noam, Anderson, Adam, McKinnon, Emilie, Farquharson, Shawna, Acqua, Flavio Dell', Pierpaoli, Carlo, Drobnjak, Ivana, Leemans, Alexander, Harkins, Kevin D, Descoteaux, Maxime, Xu, Duan, Huang, Hao, Santin, Mathieu D, Grant, Samuel C., Obenaus, Andre, Kim, Gene S, Wu, Dan, Bihan, Denis Le, Blackband, Stephen J, Ciobanu, Luisa, Fieremans, Els, Bai, Ruiliang, Leergaard, Trygve B, Zhang, Jiangyang, Dyrby, Tim B, Johnson, G Allan, Cohen-Adad, Julien, Budde, Matthew D, and Jelescu, Ileana O

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Preclinical diffusion MRI (dMRI) has proven value in methods development and validation, characterizing the biological basis of diffusion phenomena, and comparative anatomy. While dMRI enables in vivo non-invasive characterization of tissue, ex vivo dMRI is increasingly being used to probe tissue microstructure and brain connectivity. Ex vivo dMRI has several experimental advantages that facilitate high spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) images, cutting-edge diffusion contrasts, and direct comparison with histological data as a methodological validation. However, there are a number of considerations that must be made when performing ex vivo experiments. The steps from tissue preparation, image acquisition and processing, and interpretation of results are complex, with many decisions that not only differ dramatically from in vivo imaging of small animals, but ultimately affect what questions can be answered using the data. This work concludes a 3-part series of recommendations and considerations for preclinical dMRI. Herein, we describe best practices for dMRI of ex vivo tissue, with a focus on image pre-processing, data processing and model fitting, and tractography. In each section, we attempt to provide guidelines and recommendations, but also highlight areas for which no guidelines exist (and why), and where future work should lie. We end by providing guidelines on code sharing and data sharing, and point towards open-source software and databases specific to small animal and ex vivo imaging., Comment: Part 3 of 3 in "Considerations and recommendations for preclinical diffusion MRI"

Published
2024

7. Measurement of the nucleon spin structure functions for 0.01<$Q^2$<1 GeV$^2$ using CLAS

Author

Deur, A., Kuhn, S. E., Ripani, M., Zheng, X., Acar, A. G., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, K. P., Alvarado, J. S., Amaryan, M. J., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Baashen, L., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Booth, W. A., ossu, F. B, Bosted, P., Boiarinov, S., Brinkmann, K. Th., Briscoe, W. J., Bueltmann, S., Burkert, V. D., Carman, D. S., Chatagnon, P., Chen, J. P., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Crede, V., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Diehl, S., Djalali, C., Drozdov, V. A., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Eugenio, P., Faggert, J. C., Fegan, S., Fersch, R., Filippi, A., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Gothe, R. W., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Heddle, D., Hobart, A., Holtrop, M., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jiang, H., Jo, H. S., Joosten, S., Kang, H., Keith, C., Khandaker, M., Kim, W., Klein, F. J., Klimenko, V., Konczykowski, P., Kovacs, K., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Lanza, L., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Li, X., Long, E., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., Matamoros, D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Migliorati, S., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Munoz-Camacho, C., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nagorna, T., Neupane, K., Niccolai, S., Osipenko, M., Ostrovidov, A. I., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Phelps, W., Phillips, S. K., Pierce, J., Pilleux, N., Pokhrel, M., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Radic, A., Reed, T., Richards, J., Rosner, G., Rossi, P., Rusova, A. A., Salgado, C., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Sirca, S., Sparveris, N., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Sulkosky, V., Tan, J. A., Tenorio, M., Trotta, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Upton, D. W., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P., Wei, X., Wood, M. H., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., and Zurek, M.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The spin structure functions of the proton and the deuteron were measured during the EG4 experiment at Jefferson Lab in 2006. Data were collected for longitudinally polarized electron scattering off longitudinally polarized NH$_3$ and ND$_3$ targets, for $Q^2$ values as small as 0.012 and 0.02 GeV$^2$, respectively, using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). This is the archival paper of the EG4 experiment that summaries the previously reported results of the polarized structure functions $g_1$, $A_1F_1$, and their moments $\overline \Gamma_1$, $\overline \gamma_0$, and $\overline I_{TT}$, for both the proton and the deuteron. In addition, we report on new results on the neutron $g_1$ extracted by combining proton and deuteron data and correcting for Fermi smearing, and on the neutron moments $\overline \Gamma_1$, $\overline \gamma_0$, and $\overline I_{TT}$ formed directly from those of the proton and the deuteron. Our data are in good agreement with the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for the proton, deuteron, and neutron. Furthermore, the isovector combination was formed for $g_1$ and the Bjorken integral $\overline \Gamma_1^{p-n}$, and compared to available theoretical predictions. All of our results provide for the first time extensive tests of spin observable predictions from chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT) in a $Q^2$ range commensurate with the pion mass. They motivate further improvement in $\chi$EFT calculations from other approaches such as the lattice gauge method., Comment: 33 pages. 26 figures. Data table provided as supplementary material (30 pages latex and csv tables)

Published
2024

8. 'The Numbers Are There but the Attention Is Elsewhere': An Analysis of the Boyer Report

Author

Saralyn McKinnon-Crowley and Aaron W. Voyles

Abstract

A 1998 report from the Boyer Commission called "Reinventing Undergraduate Education: A Blueprint for America's Research Universities" issued a series of directives, suggestions, and critiques concerning the then-current state of undergraduate education at research universities. The document caused a minor media firestorm in the higher education and national outlets. This paper will analyze the report, the media responses to the report, and the academic articles inspired by it through the lens of the neoliberal economic models influencing higher education, encapsulated in the titular quote from the report regarding deficits in undergraduate education. We argue that neoliberal concepts infiltrated the discourse surrounding undergraduate education and provide the underpinnings for a value-added perspective on undergraduate education. We describe the historical circumstances influencing the report, conduct a poststructural analysis of the report using the lens of neoliberalism, and reflect upon the impact of the report for contemporary student affairs practitioners and faculty collaboration.

Published
2024

9. Early Intervention

Author

Heinz Family Foundation, Adele McKinnon Research Fund for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema, Olayan-Xefos Family Fund for Breast Cancer Research, and Alphonse Taghian, Principal Investigator

Published
2025

10. Implementing Purpose-Studies: A Humanising Approach for Bridging the Spaces between Writers, Their Worlds and the Test

Author

Charlotte L. Land, Alison Eike Elliot, and Barbara McKinnon

Abstract

Teachers of young writers often feel pressure to focus on narrow, tested conventions, forms and processes of writing. These pressures can contribute to instruction that does not consider students' interests, experiences, language or cultures, but rather can further deficit views of students whose backgrounds do not closely align with those making decisions about what counts as writing in schools. This paper explores purpose-studies--an alternative to genre-studies--Barbara, a fourth-grade teacher, and Alison, a ninth-grade teacher, used to help balance the needs of their students, position students as strong and capable writers and prepare students to write for the test and the world beyond the school walls.

Published
2024
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11. Moving beyond '…of Its Time': Statements on Harmful Content and Descriptions in Library and Archival Collections

Author

Alexandra Kohn and Dawn McKinnon

Abstract

Many libraries and archives have recently released statements about harmful material in their collections and the descriptions of these collections. However, these types of statements are not required for any professional accreditation or membership, nor are there specific guidelines to follow. This study collected and analyzed statements from members of ARL (Association of Research Libraries) and CARL (Canadian Association of Research Libraries), measuring their prevalence and identifying common elements. The findings and discussion can be used as a resource by those hoping to create or amend a statement, and for the larger library community to take stock on this topic.

Published
2024
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12. The pace of change of summertime temperature extremes.

Author

McKinnon, Karen, Simpson, Isla, and Williams, Park

Subjects
climate change, heat extremes, temperature variability
Abstract

Summer temperature extremes can have large impacts on humans and the biosphere, and an increase in heat extremes is one of the most visible symptoms of climate change. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed that would predict faster warming of heat extremes than typical summer days, but it is unclear whether this is occurring. Here, we show that, in both observations and historical climate model simulations, the hottest summer days have warmed at the same pace as the median globally, in each hemisphere, and in the tropics from 1959 to 2023. In contrast, the coldest summer days have warmed more slowly than the median in the global average, a signal that is not simulated in any of 262 simulations across 28 CMIP6 models. The observed stretching of the cold tail indicates that observed summertime temperatures have become more variable despite the lack of hot day amplification. The interannual variability and trend in the warming of both hot and cold extremes compared to the median can be explained from a surface energy balance perspective based on changes in net surface radiation and evaporative fraction. Tropical hot day amplification is projected to emerge in the future (2024-2099, SSP3-7.0 scenario), while Northern Hemisphere heat extremes are expected to continue to follow the median.

Published
2024

13. Retrospective Seroprevalence of Orthopoxvirus Antibodies among Key Populations, Kenya.

Author

Loeb, Kristi, Milner, Kieran, Lemaille, Candice, Martens, Brielle, Stein, Derek, Lajoie, Julie, Shaw, Souradet, Rimoin, Anne, Mbala-Kingebeni, Placide, Hoff, Nicole, Noyce, Ryan, Fowke, Keith, Kimani, Joshua, McKinnon, Lyle, and Kindrachuk, Jason

Subjects
Kenya, antibodies, orthopoxvirus, seroprevalence, sexually transmitted infections, viruses, zoonoses, Humans, Kenya, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Male, Antibodies, Viral, Retrospective Studies, Adult, Orthopoxvirus, Female, Poxviridae Infections, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Adolescent
Abstract

We identified a cluster of mpox exposures among key populations in Kenya through retrospective serologic screening. We identified strong seropositivity among sex workers and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. These findings demonstrate the need for increased mpox surveillance among mpox-endemic and mpox-endemic-adjacent regions in Africa.

Published
2024

14. Behavior of the Position and Ellipticity Angles at Polarization Mode Transitions in Pulsar Radio Emission

Author

McKinnon, M. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Polarization observations of radio pulsars show that abrupt transitions in the polarization vector's position angle can be accompanied by large excursions in the vector's ellipticity angle, suggesting the vector passes near the right or left circular pole of the Poincar\'e sphere. The behavior of the angles can be explained by a transition in dominance of the orthogonal polarization modes or a vector rotation caused by a change in the phase difference between the modes. Four polarization models are examined to quantify and understand the behavior of the angles at a mode transition: coherent polarization modes, partially coherent modes, incoherent modes with nonorthogonal polarization vectors, and incoherent orthogonal modes with an elliptically polarized emission component. In all four models, the trajectory of the mode transition on the Poincar\'e sphere follows the geodesic that connects the orientations of the mode polarization vectors. The results from the models can be similar, indicating that the interpretation of an observed transition within the context of a particular model is not necessarily unique. The polarization fraction of the emission and the average ellipticity angle depend upon the statistical character of the mode intensity fluctuations. The polarization fraction increases as the fluctuations increase. The excursion in ellipticity angle can be large when the mode intensities are quasi-stable and is suppressed when the intensity fluctuations are large., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 28 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024

15. First Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the Neutron with Detection of the Active Neutron

Author

CLAS Collaboration, Hobart, A., Niccolai, S., Čuić, M., Kumerički, K., Achenbach, P., Alvarado, J. S., Armstrong, W. R., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Baashen, L., Baltzell, N. A., Barion, L., Bashkanov, M., Battaglieri, M., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A. S., Boiarinov, S., Bondi, M., Booth, W. A., Bossù, F., Brinkmann, K. -Th., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Bueltmann, S., Burkert, V. D., Cao, T., Capobianco, R., Carman, D. S., Chatagnon, P., Ciullo, G., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., D'Angelo, A., Dashyan, N., De Vita, R., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Djalali, C., Dupre, R., Egiyan, H., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Fogler, C., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Gilfoyle, G. P., Glazier, D., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Guidal, M., Hafidi, K., Hakobyan, H., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Heddle, D., Holtrop, M., Ilieva, Y., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Jiang, H., Jo, H. S., Joo, K., Kageya, T., Kim, A., Kim, W., Klimenko, V., Kripko, A., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lee, S., Lenisa, P., Li, X., MacGregor, I. J. D., Marchand, D., Mascagna, V., Maynes, M., McKinnon, B., Meziani, Z. E., Migliorati, S., Milner, R. G., Mineeva, T., Mirazita, M., Mokeev, V., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Naidoo, P., Neupane, K., Niculescu, G., Osipenko, M., Pandey, P., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L. L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasyuk, E., Paul, S. J., Phelps, W., Pilleux, N., Pokhrel, M., Rafael, S. Polcher, Poudel, J., Price, J. W., Prok, Y., Reed, T., Richards, J., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., Rossi, P., Golubenko, A. A., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Scott, Marshall B. C., Seroka, E. M., Sharabian, Y. G., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, U., Sparveris, N., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Tan, J. A., Trotta, N., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Vallarino, S., Venturelli, L., Tommaso, V., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watts, D. P, Wei, X., Williams, R., Wood, M. H., Xu, L., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z. W., and Zurek, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Measuring Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering on the neutron is one of the necessary steps to understand the structure of the nucleon in terms of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). Neutron targets play a complementary role to transversely polarized proton targets in the determination of the GPD $E$. This poorly known and poorly constrained GPD is essential to obtain the contribution of the quarks' angular momentum to the spin of the nucleon. DVCS on the neutron was measured for the first time selecting the exclusive final state by detecting the neutron, using the Jefferson Lab longitudinally polarized electron beam, with energies up to 10.6 GeV, and the CLAS12 detector. The extracted beam-spin asymmetries, combined with DVCS observables measured on the proton, allow a clean quark-flavor separation of the imaginary parts of the GPDs $H$ and $E$., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

16. Io’s tidal response precludes a shallow magma ocean

Author

Park, R. S., Jacobson, R. A., Gomez Casajus, L., Nimmo, F., Ermakov, A. I., Keane, J. T., McKinnon, W. B., Stevenson, D. J., Akiba, R., Idini, B., Buccino, D. R., Magnanini, A., Parisi, M., Tortora, P., Zannoni, M., Mura, A., Durante, D., Iess, L., Connerney, J. E. P., Levin, S. M., and Bolton, S. J.

Published
2025
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25. Affine-based Deformable Attention and Selective Fusion for Semi-dense Matching

Author

Chen, Hongkai, Luo, Zixin, Tian, Yurun, Bai, Xuyang, Wang, Ziyu, Zhou, Lei, Zhen, Mingmin, Fang, Tian, McKinnon, David, Tsin, Yanghai, and Quan, Long

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Identifying robust and accurate correspondences across images is a fundamental problem in computer vision that enables various downstream tasks. Recent semi-dense matching methods emphasize the effectiveness of fusing relevant cross-view information through Transformer. In this paper, we propose several improvements upon this paradigm. Firstly, we introduce affine-based local attention to model cross-view deformations. Secondly, we present selective fusion to merge local and global messages from cross attention. Apart from network structure, we also identify the importance of enforcing spatial smoothness in loss design, which has been omitted by previous works. Based on these augmentations, our network demonstrate strong matching capacity under different settings. The full version of our network achieves state-of-the-art performance among semi-dense matching methods at a similar cost to LoFTR, while the slim version reaches LoFTR baseline's performance with only 15% computation cost and 18% parameters., Comment: Accepted to CVPR2024 Image Matching Workshop

Published
2024

26. Letter of Intent: Open Charm at JLab with the sPHENIX MAPS tracker

Author

Arratia, Miguel, Paul, Sebouh J., Gotra, Yuri, Hakobyan, Hayk, and McKinnon, Bryan

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We propose a physics program at JLab with CLAS12 focusing on open-charm measurements, aiming to complement and expand current studies of $J/\psi$ at (sub) threshold. This program will aid us in elucidating the $J/\psi$ production mechanisms, which is crucial for interpreting data in terms of gluon form factors and offer potential insights into the intrinsic charm hypothesis and cold-nuclear matter effects. We discuss the technical feasibility of integrating the sPHENIX monolithic-active-pixel sensor (MAPS) tracker, known as MVTX, with the CLAS12 detector. The sPHENIX MTVX would support an open-charm program by providing excellent secondary-vertex performance for tagging $D$ mesons. We study the kinematics of $\gamma p \to \bar{D}^{0}\Lambda_{c}$ through phase-space simulations and estimate rates for the tagged quasi-photoproduction regime available with the CLAS12 forward tagger. While open-charm cross-sections at threshold remain uncertain, various predictions suggest that these measurements could be feasible when combined with conservative estimates of detector acceptance and luminosity. These preliminary estimates motivate detailed Geant detector simulations of signals and backgrounds, along with thorough technical assessments of operating conditions, to further explore the feasibility of these measurements in future dedicated CLAS12 experiments at JLab., Comment: LOI submitted to JLab PAC 52

Published
2024

27. Photoproduction of the {\Sigma}+ hyperon using linearly polarized photons with CLAS

Author

CLAS Collaboration, Clark, L., McKinnon, B., Ireland, D. G., Glazier, D. I., Livingston, K., and Rönchen, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Background: Measurements of the polarization observables {\Sigma}, P, T, Ox, Oz for the reaction {\gamma}p {\rightarrow) KS0 {\Sigma}+ using a linearly polarized photon beam of energy 1.1 to 2.1 GeV are reported. Purpose: The measured data provide information on a channel that has not been studied extensively, but is required for a full coupled-channel analysis in the nucleon resonance region. Method: Observables have been simultaneously extracted using likelihood sampling with a Markov-Chain Monte- Carlo process. Results: Angular distributions in bins of photon energy E{\gamma} are produced for each polarization observable. T, Ox and Oz are first time measurements of these observables in this reaction. The extraction of {\Sigma} extends the energy range beyond a previous measurement. The measurement of P, the recoil polarization, is consistent with previous measurements. Conclusions: The measured data are shown to be significant enough to affect the estimation of the nucleon resonance parameters when fitted within a coupled-channels model., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

28. Approximating rational points on surfaces

Author

Lehmann, Brian, McKinnon, David, and Satriano, Matthew

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics - Number Theory, 14G05 (Primary) 14E30 (Secondary)
Abstract

Let $X$ be a smooth projective algebraic variety over a number field $k$ and $P$ in $X(k)$. In 2007, the second author conjectured that, in a precise sense, if rational points on $X$ are dense enough, then the best rational approximations to $P$ must lie on a curve. We present a strategy for deducing a slightly weaker conjecture from Vojta's conjecture, and execute this strategy for the full conjecture for split surfaces., Comment: 12 pages

Published
2024

29. Anthropogenic Intensification of Cool‐Season Precipitation Is Not Yet Detectable Across the Western United States

Author

Williams, A Park, McKinnon, Karen A, Anchukaitis, Kevin J, Gershunov, Alexander, Varuolo‐Clarke, Arianna M, Clemesha, Rachel ES, and Liu, Haibo

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Change Science, Climate Action, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract

Abstract: The cool season (November–March) of 2022–2023 was exceptional in the western United States (US), with the highest precipitation totals in ≥128 years in some areas. Recent precipitation extremes and expectations based on thermodynamics motivate us to evaluate the evidence for an anthropogenic intensification of western US cool‐season precipitation to date. Over cool seasons 1951–2023, trends in precipitation totals on the wettest cool‐season days were neutral or negative across the western US, and significantly negative in northern California and parts of the Pacific Northwest, counter to the expected net intensification effect from anthropogenic forcing. Multiple reanalysis data sets indicate a corresponding lack of increase in moisture transports into the western US, suggesting that atmospheric circulation trends over the North Pacific have counteracted the increases in atmospheric moisture expected from warming alone. The lack of precipitation intensification to date is generally consistent with climate model simulations. A large ensemble of 648 simulations from 35 climate models suggests it is too soon to detect anthropogenic intensification of precipitation across much of the western US. In California, the 35‐model median time of emergence for intensification of the wettest days is 2080 under a mid‐level emissions scenario. On the other hand, observed reductions of precipitation extremes in California and the Pacific Northwest are near the lower edge of the large ensemble of simulated trends, calling into question model representation of western US precipitation variability.

Published
2024

30. Problems with 'Problem Behavior': A Secondary Systematic Review of Intervention Research on Transition-Age Autistic Youth

Author

Kristen Bottema-Beutel, Rachael McKinnon, Sarah Mohiuddin, Shannon Crowley LaPoint, and So Yoon Kim

Abstract

In this secondary systematic review of single-case and controlled group design intervention studies conducted with transition-age autistic youth, we examined features of 48 studies with 273 participants that measured at least one "problem behavior" outcome (Prospero registration number: 231764). We searched 11 databases for relevant studies, and the final search date was November 2022. Our primary aims were to determine how problem behaviors were defined and selected for reduction, how functions were determined, and the interventions used to address them. Studies were coded and codes were tabulated and converted to percentages to answer each research question. Thirty-eight percent of studies defined problem behavior, and 88% of studies implemented behavioral strategies to reduce problem behaviors. Behaviors with low potential for harm constituted the majority of the 67 outcome variables (61%), while behaviors with high potential for harm were a minority (39%). The most common intervention target was stereotypic behavior. Fewer than half of studies: reported procedures for selecting behaviors, reported procedures to determine behavior function, or ascribed functions to behaviors. We were unable to report on some demographic features of participants (e.g. race/ethnicity) because they were rarely reported in primary studies. We conclude that problem behavior is poorly conceptualized in this research.

Published
2024
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31. Assessing Fear, Embarrassment, and Disgust in Colonoscopy: The Development of Measurement Instruments and Psychometric Evidence

Author

Wei Peng, Jocelyn McKinnon-Crowley, Qian Huang, and Bingjing Mao

Abstract

Background: Avoidance of colonoscopy is often associated with fear, embarrassment, and disgust aroused in screening procedures. However, each emotion can be linked to different challenges faced by patients. More research is needed to evaluate and address the causes of these respective emotions. Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the scales of three negative emotions (i.e., fear, embarrassment, and disgust) caused by specific issues in colonoscopy screening. Method: The measurement items were developed based on multiple common barriers in colonoscopy screening procedures. An online sample of 232 adults aged 45-75 was recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to test the scales. Explorative and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the measurement models. Results: Psychometric evidence demonstrated the factor structures of three negative emotions. Each emotional factor was caused by unique combinations of barriers in the preparation, screening, and recovery stages of colonoscopy. Most of the emotional factors were associated with attitudes and screening intention. Conclusion: This study showed different dimensions of negative emotions and their underlying causes in colonoscopy. These findings will help assess specific causes of negative emotions in colonoscopy and develop effective interventions to improve screening uptake.

Published
2024
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32. Predictors of Developmental and Adaptive Behaviour Outcomes in Response to Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention and the Early Start Denver Model

Author

Catherine Bent, Susan Glencross, Karen McKinnon, Kristelle Hudry, Cheryl Dissanayake, The Victorian ASELCC Team, and Giacomo Vivanti

Abstract

Many autistic children require support to meet their learning needs. Given the heterogeneity within the autism spectrum it is plausible that different types of support might be better suited to different children. However, knowledge on what interventions work best for which children is limited. We examined the outcomes of autistic preschool-aged children receiving one of two community early intervention approaches. Our main objective was to understand which baseline child characteristics might be associated with the degree of individual response to intervention--whether prognostically (i.e., irrespective of intervention received) or predictively (i.e., specifically in the context of one or other EI approach). Participants comprised two matched groups of preschool-aged autistic children receiving either Group-based Early Start Denver Model (G-ESDM; n = 42) delivered in a 1:3-4 staff:child ratio or an Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention (EIBI; n = 40) delivered in combination of 1:1 and 1:2 staff:child ratio. Over an approximate one-year follow-up period, children in both groups made significant gains in Developmental Quotient (DQ) scores, and trend-level gains in adaptive behaviour composite scores. Higher attention to a playful adult measured via an eye-tracking task was prognostically indicative of better verbal DQ and adaptive behaviour outcomes for the cohort overall. Moderation analyses indicated a single predictive effect--of pre-program sustained attention for subsequent NVDQ outcomes specific to those children receiving G-ESDM. These findings suggest that fine-grained measures of learning skills offer promise towards the selection and tailoring of intervention approaches to meet individual children's learning needs.

Published
2024
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33. Is Social Media Here to Stay? Survey Results Indicate Increasing Pathologist Interest and Engagement Over Time

Author

Gonzalez, Raul S., McKinnon, Elizabeth L., Fuller, Maren Y., Gardner, Jerad M., Chen, Wei, and Jiang, Xiaoyin, "Sara"

Subjects
Technology application, Educational aspects, Usage, Social media -- Usage, Telemedicine -- Educational aspects, Medical education -- Technology application, Pathology -- Technology application
Abstract

Social media, once considered the realm of the young and unprofessional, has become widely adopted by physicians for professional purposes through the years. Pathologists were some of the earliest adopters [...], * Context.--Social media has become widely adopted by pathologists and other physicians for professional purposes. While engagement has likely increased over time, there remain few concrete data regarding attitudes toward its use. Objective.--To assess pathologists&apos; use of and attitudes toward social media over time. Design.--We created a survey regarding personal and professional use of social media and circulated it via multiple channels in December 2017 and again in February 2022. Results of the 2 surveys were compared for statistically significant differences. Results.--The 2017 survey was completed by 97 participants, and the 2022 survey by 305 participants. Respondents were predominantly female and academics, included pathologists in all age categories and all time-in-practice length. In both surveys, Twitter (now X) was the most popular platform for professional use and Facebook was the most popular for personal use. Professional barriers to social media use remained consistent between the 2 surveys, including the amount of time required. Education was seen as the main benefit of social media use in both surveys, while other benefits such as networking and increasing professional visibility were endorsed significantly less often in the second survey. While the second survey received more than 3 times as many responses as the first, several aspects of social media use (mainly demographics) remained similar during the timeframe, while other aspects (such as usage and perceived values) decreased. Conclusions.--Pathologists continue to find social media valuable. Barriers remain, though overall pathologists of all ages and practice settings appear receptive to using social media to further educational and other opportunities. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:1159-1165; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0387-OA)

Published
2024
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36. Theory and the future of land-climate science

Author

Byrne, Michael P., Hegerl, Gabriele C., Scheff, Jacob, Adam, Ori, Berg, Alexis, Biasutti, Michela, Bordoni, Simona, Dai, Aiguo, Geen, Ruth, Henry, Matthew, Hill, Spencer A., Hohenegger, Cathy, Humphrey, Vincent, Joshi, Manoj, Konings, Alexandra G., Laguë, Marysa M., Lambert, F. Hugo, Lehner, Flavio, Mankin, Justin S., McColl, Kaighin A., McKinnon, Karen A., Pendergrass, Angeline G., Pietschnig, Marianne, Schmidt, Luca, Schurer, Andrew P., Scott, E. Marian, Sexton, David, Sherwood, Steven C., Vargas Zeppetello, Lucas R., and Zhang, Yi

Published
2024
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39. Thin Ice Lithospheres and High Heat Flows on Europa From Large Impact Structure Ring-graben

Author

Singer, Kelsi N., McKinnon, William B., and Schenk, Paul M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Craters are probes of planetary surface and interior properties. Here we measure depths, widths, and spacing of circumferential ring-graben surrounding the two largest multiring impact structures on Europa, Tyre and Callanish. We estimate formation conditions including the ice shell structure. The radial extension necessary to form these graben is thought to be caused by asthenospheric drag of warmer, more ductile ice and/or water flowing toward the excavated center of the crater, under a brittle-elastic lithospheric lid. Measurements of graben depths from stereo-photoclinometric digital elevation models result in estimates of displacement, strain, and stress experienced by the ice shell. Graben widths are used to estimate the intersection depth of the bounding normal faults, a quantity related to the brittle-ductile transition depth that approximates elastic shell thickness during crater collapse. Heat flows at the time of crater formation as well as ice lithosphere and total shell thickness are thus also constrained. Average widths and depths tend to decrease with increasing distance from the structure center, while inter-graben spacing generally increases. Varied assumptions yield plausible total conductive ice shell thickness estimates between 4-8 and 2.5-5 km for Tyre and Callanish, respectively, and heat flows of ~70-115 (+/-30) mW m^-2 for realistic thermal conductivities, consistent with other geophysical estimates for Europa. Higher heat flows are consistent with thin (<10 km), conductive ice shells and impact breaching, or penetration of the stagnant lid for a convecting ice shell. Callanish, geologically younger, formed in a time or region of greater heat flow than Tyre., Comment: 50 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables, published in JGR-Planets

Published
2024
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41. Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Author

Gemini Team, Anil, Rohan, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Alayrac, Jean-Baptiste, Yu, Jiahui, Soricut, Radu, Schalkwyk, Johan, Dai, Andrew M., Hauth, Anja, Millican, Katie, Silver, David, Johnson, Melvin, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Schrittwieser, Julian, Glaese, Amelia, Chen, Jilin, Pitler, Emily, Lillicrap, Timothy, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Firat, Orhan, Molloy, James, Isard, Michael, Barham, Paul R., Hennigan, Tom, Lee, Benjamin, Viola, Fabio, Reynolds, Malcolm, Xu, Yuanzhong, Doherty, Ryan, Collins, Eli, Meyer, Clemens, Rutherford, Eliza, Moreira, Erica, Ayoub, Kareem, Goel, Megha, Krawczyk, Jack, Du, Cosmo, Chi, Ed, Cheng, Heng-Tze, Ni, Eric, Shah, Purvi, Kane, Patrick, Chan, Betty, Faruqui, Manaal, Severyn, Aliaksei, Lin, Hanzhao, Li, YaGuang, Cheng, Yong, Ittycheriah, Abe, Mahdieh, Mahdis, Chen, Mia, Sun, Pei, Tran, Dustin, Bagri, Sumit, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Liu, Jeremiah, Orban, Andras, Güra, Fabian, Zhou, Hao, Song, Xinying, Boffy, Aurelien, Ganapathy, Harish, Zheng, Steven, Choe, HyunJeong, Weisz, Ágoston, Zhu, Tao, Lu, Yifeng, Gopal, Siddharth, Kahn, Jarrod, Kula, Maciej, Pitman, Jeff, Shah, Rushin, Taropa, Emanuel, Merey, Majd Al, Baeuml, Martin, Chen, Zhifeng, Shafey, Laurent El, Zhang, Yujing, Sercinoglu, Olcan, Tucker, George, Piqueras, Enrique, Krikun, Maxim, Barr, Iain, Savinov, Nikolay, Danihelka, Ivo, Roelofs, Becca, White, Anaïs, Andreassen, Anders, von Glehn, Tamara, Yagati, Lakshman, Kazemi, Mehran, Gonzalez, Lucas, Khalman, Misha, Sygnowski, Jakub, Frechette, Alexandre, Smith, Charlotte, Culp, Laura, Proleev, Lev, Luan, Yi, Chen, Xi, Lottes, James, Schucher, Nathan, Lebron, Federico, Rrustemi, Alban, Clay, Natalie, Crone, Phil, Kocisky, Tomas, Zhao, Jeffrey, Perz, Bartek, Yu, Dian, Howard, Heidi, Bloniarz, Adam, Rae, Jack W., Lu, Han, Sifre, Laurent, Maggioni, Marcello, Alcober, Fred, Garrette, Dan, Barnes, Megan, Thakoor, Shantanu, Austin, Jacob, Barth-Maron, Gabriel, Wong, William, Joshi, Rishabh, Chaabouni, Rahma, Fatiha, Deeni, Ahuja, Arun, Tomar, Gaurav Singh, Senter, Evan, Chadwick, Martin, Kornakov, Ilya, Attaluri, Nithya, Iturrate, Iñaki, Liu, Ruibo, Li, Yunxuan, Cogan, Sarah, Chen, Jeremy, Jia, Chao, Gu, Chenjie, Zhang, Qiao, Grimstad, Jordan, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Garcia, Xavier, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Devlin, Jacob, Laskin, Michael, Casas, Diego de Las, Valter, Dasha, Tao, Connie, Blanco, Lorenzo, Badia, Adrià Puigdomènech, Reitter, David, Chen, Mianna, Brennan, Jenny, Rivera, Clara, Brin, Sergey, Iqbal, Shariq, Surita, Gabriela, Labanowski, Jane, Rao, Abhi, Winkler, Stephanie, Parisotto, Emilio, Gu, Yiming, Olszewska, Kate, Addanki, Ravi, Miech, Antoine, Louis, Annie, Teplyashin, Denis, Brown, Geoff, Catt, Elliot, Balaguer, Jan, Xiang, Jackie, Wang, Pidong, Ashwood, Zoe, Briukhov, Anton, Webson, Albert, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Sanghavi, Smit, Kannan, Ajay, Chang, Ming-Wei, Stjerngren, Axel, Djolonga, Josip, Sun, Yuting, Bapna, Ankur, Aitchison, Matthew, Pejman, Pedram, Michalewski, Henryk, Yu, Tianhe, Wang, Cindy, Love, Juliette, Ahn, Junwhan, Bloxwich, Dawn, Han, Kehang, Humphreys, Peter, Sellam, Thibault, Bradbury, James, Godbole, Varun, Samangooei, Sina, Damoc, Bogdan, Kaskasoli, Alex, Arnold, Sébastien M. R., Vasudevan, Vijay, Agrawal, Shubham, Riesa, Jason, Lepikhin, Dmitry, Tanburn, Richard, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Lim, Hyeontaek, Hodkinson, Sarah, Shyam, Pranav, Ferret, Johan, Hand, Steven, Garg, Ankush, Paine, Tom Le, Li, Jian, Li, Yujia, Giang, Minh, Neitz, Alexander, Abbas, Zaheer, York, Sarah, Reid, Machel, Cole, Elizabeth, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Das, Dipanjan, Rogozińska, Dominika, Nikolaev, Vitaliy, Sprechmann, Pablo, Nado, Zachary, Zilka, Lukas, Prost, Flavien, He, Luheng, Monteiro, Marianne, Mishra, Gaurav, Welty, Chris, Newlan, Josh, Jia, Dawei, Allamanis, Miltiadis, Hu, Clara Huiyi, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Gilmer, Justin, Saroufim, Carl, Rijhwani, Shruti, Hou, Shaobo, Shrivastava, Disha, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Goldin, Alex, Ozturel, Adnan, Cassirer, Albin, Xu, Yunhan, Sohn, Daniel, Sachan, Devendra, Amplayo, Reinald Kim, Swanson, Craig, Petrova, Dessie, Narayan, Shashi, Guez, Arthur, Brahma, Siddhartha, Landon, Jessica, Patel, Miteyan, Zhao, Ruizhe, Villela, Kevin, Wang, Luyu, Jia, Wenhao, Rahtz, Matthew, Giménez, Mai, Yeung, Legg, Keeling, James, Georgiev, Petko, Mincu, Diana, Wu, Boxi, Haykal, Salem, Saputro, Rachel, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Qin, James, Cankara, Zeynep, Sharma, Abhanshu, Fernando, Nick, Hawkins, Will, Neyshabur, Behnam, Kim, Solomon, Hutter, Adrian, Agrawal, Priyanka, Castro-Ros, Alex, Driessche, George van den, Wang, Tao, Yang, Fan, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Komarek, Paul, McIlroy, Ross, Lučić, Mario, Zhang, Guodong, Farhan, Wael, Sharman, Michael, Natsev, Paul, Michel, Paul, Bansal, Yamini, Qiao, Siyuan, Cao, Kris, Shakeri, Siamak, Butterfield, Christina, Chung, Justin, Rubenstein, Paul Kishan, Agrawal, Shivani, Mensch, Arthur, Soparkar, Kedar, Lenc, Karel, Chung, Timothy, Pope, Aedan, Maggiore, Loren, Kay, Jackie, Jhakra, Priya, Wang, Shibo, Maynez, Joshua, Phuong, Mary, Tobin, Taylor, Tacchetti, Andrea, Trebacz, Maja, Robinson, Kevin, Katariya, Yash, Riedel, Sebastian, Bailey, Paige, Xiao, Kefan, Ghelani, Nimesh, Aroyo, Lora, Slone, Ambrose, Houlsby, Neil, Xiong, Xuehan, Yang, Zhen, Gribovskaya, Elena, Adler, Jonas, Wirth, Mateo, Lee, Lisa, Li, Music, Kagohara, Thais, Pavagadhi, Jay, Bridgers, Sophie, Bortsova, Anna, Ghemawat, Sanjay, Ahmed, Zafarali, Liu, Tianqi, Powell, Richard, Bolina, Vijay, Iinuma, Mariko, Zablotskaia, Polina, Besley, James, Chung, Da-Woon, Dozat, Timothy, Comanescu, Ramona, Si, Xiance, Greer, Jeremy, Su, Guolong, Polacek, Martin, Kaufman, Raphaël Lopez, Tokumine, Simon, Hu, Hexiang, Buchatskaya, Elena, Miao, Yingjie, Elhawaty, Mohamed, Siddhant, Aditya, Tomasev, Nenad, Xing, Jinwei, Greer, Christina, Miller, Helen, Ashraf, Shereen, Roy, Aurko, Zhang, Zizhao, Ma, Ada, Filos, Angelos, Besta, Milos, Blevins, Rory, Klimenko, Ted, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Changpinyo, Soravit, Mu, Jiaqi, Chang, Oscar, Pajarskas, Mantas, Muir, Carrie, Cohen, Vered, Lan, Charline Le, Haridasan, Krishna, Marathe, Amit, Hansen, Steven, Douglas, Sholto, Samuel, Rajkumar, Wang, Mingqiu, Austin, Sophia, Lan, Chang, Jiang, Jiepu, Chiu, Justin, Lorenzo, Jaime Alonso, Sjösund, Lars Lowe, Cevey, Sébastien, Gleicher, Zach, Avrahami, Thi, Boral, Anudhyan, Srinivasan, Hansa, Selo, Vittorio, May, Rhys, Aisopos, Konstantinos, Hussenot, Léonard, Soares, Livio Baldini, Baumli, Kate, Chang, Michael B., Recasens, Adrià, Caine, Ben, Pritzel, Alexander, Pavetic, Filip, Pardo, Fabio, Gergely, Anita, Frye, Justin, Ramasesh, Vinay, Horgan, Dan, Badola, Kartikeya, Kassner, Nora, Roy, Subhrajit, Dyer, Ethan, Campos, Víctor Campos, Tomala, Alex, Tang, Yunhao, Badawy, Dalia El, White, Elspeth, Mustafa, Basil, Lang, Oran, Jindal, Abhishek, Vikram, Sharad, Gong, Zhitao, Caelles, Sergi, Hemsley, Ross, Thornton, Gregory, Feng, Fangxiaoyu, Stokowiec, Wojciech, Zheng, Ce, Thacker, Phoebe, Ünlü, Çağlar, Zhang, Zhishuai, Saleh, Mohammad, Svensson, James, Bileschi, Max, Patil, Piyush, Anand, Ankesh, Ring, Roman, Tsihlas, Katerina, Vezer, Arpi, Selvi, Marco, Shevlane, Toby, Rodriguez, Mikel, Kwiatkowski, Tom, Daruki, Samira, Rong, Keran, Dafoe, Allan, FitzGerald, Nicholas, Gu-Lemberg, Keren, Khan, Mina, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Pellat, Marie, Feinberg, Vladimir, Cobon-Kerr, James, Sainath, Tara, Rauh, Maribeth, Hashemi, Sayed Hadi, Ives, Richard, Hasson, Yana, Noland, Eric, Cao, Yuan, Byrd, Nathan, Hou, Le, Wang, Qingze, Sottiaux, Thibault, Paganini, Michela, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Moufarek, Alexandre, Hassan, Samer, Shivakumar, Kaushik, van Amersfoort, Joost, Mandhane, Amol, Joshi, Pratik, Goyal, Anirudh, Tung, Matthew, Brock, Andrew, Sheahan, Hannah, Misra, Vedant, Li, Cheng, Rakićević, Nemanja, Dehghani, Mostafa, Liu, Fangyu, Mittal, Sid, Oh, Junhyuk, Noury, Seb, Sezener, Eren, Huot, Fantine, Lamm, Matthew, De Cao, Nicola, Chen, Charlie, Mudgal, Sidharth, Stella, Romina, Brooks, Kevin, Vasudevan, Gautam, Liu, Chenxi, Chain, Mainak, Melinkeri, Nivedita, Cohen, Aaron, Wang, Venus, Seymore, Kristie, Zubkov, Sergey, Goel, Rahul, Yue, Summer, Krishnakumaran, Sai, Albert, Brian, Hurley, Nate, Sano, Motoki, Mohananey, Anhad, Joughin, Jonah, Filonov, Egor, Kępa, Tomasz, Eldawy, Yomna, Lim, Jiawern, Rishi, Rahul, Badiezadegan, Shirin, Bos, Taylor, Chang, Jerry, Jain, Sanil, Padmanabhan, Sri Gayatri Sundara, Puttagunta, Subha, Krishna, Kalpesh, Baker, Leslie, Kalb, Norbert, Bedapudi, Vamsi, Kurzrok, Adam, Lei, Shuntong, Yu, Anthony, Litvin, Oren, Zhou, Xiang, Wu, Zhichun, Sobell, Sam, Siciliano, Andrea, Papir, Alan, Neale, Robby, Bragagnolo, Jonas, Toor, Tej, Chen, Tina, Anklin, Valentin, Wang, Feiran, Feng, Richie, Gholami, Milad, Ling, Kevin, Liu, Lijuan, Walter, Jules, Moghaddam, Hamid, Kishore, Arun, Adamek, Jakub, Mercado, Tyler, Mallinson, Jonathan, Wandekar, Siddhinita, Cagle, Stephen, Ofek, Eran, Garrido, Guillermo, Lombriser, Clemens, Mukha, Maksim, Sun, Botu, Mohammad, Hafeezul Rahman, Matak, Josip, Qian, Yadi, Peswani, Vikas, Janus, Pawel, Yuan, Quan, Schelin, Leif, David, Oana, Garg, Ankur, He, Yifan, Duzhyi, Oleksii, Älgmyr, Anton, Lottaz, Timothée, Li, Qi, Yadav, Vikas, Xu, Luyao, Chinien, Alex, Shivanna, Rakesh, Chuklin, Aleksandr, Li, Josie, Spadine, Carrie, Wolfe, Travis, Mohamed, Kareem, Das, Subhabrata, Dai, Zihang, He, Kyle, von Dincklage, Daniel, Upadhyay, Shyam, Maurya, Akanksha, Chi, Luyan, Krause, Sebastian, Salama, Khalid, Rabinovitch, Pam G, M, Pavan Kumar Reddy, Selvan, Aarush, Dektiarev, Mikhail, Ghiasi, Golnaz, Guven, Erdem, Gupta, Himanshu, Liu, Boyi, Sharma, Deepak, Shtacher, Idan Heimlich, Paul, Shachi, Akerlund, Oscar, Aubet, François-Xavier, Huang, Terry, Zhu, Chen, Zhu, Eric, Teixeira, Elico, Fritze, Matthew, Bertolini, Francesco, Marinescu, Liana-Eleonora, Bölle, Martin, Paulus, Dominik, Gupta, Khyatti, Latkar, Tejasi, Chang, Max, Sanders, Jason, Wilson, Roopa, Wu, Xuewei, Tan, Yi-Xuan, Thiet, Lam Nguyen, Doshi, Tulsee, Lall, Sid, Mishra, Swaroop, Chen, Wanming, Luong, Thang, Benjamin, Seth, Lee, Jasmine, Andrejczuk, Ewa, Rabiej, Dominik, Ranjan, Vipul, Styrc, Krzysztof, Yin, Pengcheng, Simon, Jon, Harriott, Malcolm Rose, Bansal, Mudit, Robsky, Alexei, Bacon, Geoff, Greene, David, Mirylenka, Daniil, Zhou, Chen, Sarvana, Obaid, Goyal, Abhimanyu, Andermatt, Samuel, Siegler, Patrick, Horn, Ben, Israel, Assaf, Pongetti, Francesco, Chen, Chih-Wei "Louis", Selvatici, Marco, Silva, Pedro, Wang, Kathie, Tolins, Jackson, Guu, Kelvin, Yogev, Roey, Cai, Xiaochen, Agostini, Alessandro, Shah, Maulik, Nguyen, Hung, Donnaile, Noah Ó, Pereira, Sébastien, Friso, Linda, Stambler, Adam, Kuang, Chenkai, Romanikhin, Yan, Geller, Mark, Yan, ZJ, Jang, Kane, Lee, Cheng-Chun, Fica, Wojciech, Malmi, Eric, Tan, Qijun, Banica, Dan, Balle, Daniel, Pham, Ryan, Huang, Yanping, Avram, Diana, Shi, Hongzhi, Singh, Jasjot, Hidey, Chris, Ahuja, Niharika, Saxena, Pranab, Dooley, Dan, Potharaju, Srividya Pranavi, O'Neill, Eileen, Gokulchandran, Anand, Foley, Ryan, Zhao, Kai, Dusenberry, Mike, Liu, Yuan, Mehta, Pulkit, Kotikalapudi, Ragha, Safranek-Shrader, Chalence, Goodman, Andrew, Kessinger, Joshua, Globen, Eran, Kolhar, Prateek, Gorgolewski, Chris, Ibrahim, Ali, Song, Yang, Eichenbaum, Ali, Brovelli, Thomas, Potluri, Sahitya, Lahoti, Preethi, Baetu, Cip, Ghorbani, Ali, Chen, Charles, Crawford, Andy, Pal, Shalini, Sridhar, Mukund, Gurita, Petru, Mujika, Asier, Petrovski, Igor, Cedoz, Pierre-Louis, Li, Chenmei, Chen, Shiyuan, Santo, Niccolò Dal, Goyal, Siddharth, Punjabi, Jitesh, Kappaganthu, Karthik, Kwak, Chester, LV, Pallavi, Velury, Sarmishta, Choudhury, Himadri, Hall, Jamie, Shah, Premal, Figueira, Ricardo, Thomas, Matt, Lu, Minjie, Zhou, Ting, Kumar, Chintu, Jurdi, Thomas, Chikkerur, Sharat, Ma, Yenai, Yu, Adams, Kwak, Soo, Ähdel, Victor, Rajayogam, Sujeevan, Choma, Travis, Liu, Fei, Barua, Aditya, Ji, Colin, Park, Ji Ho, Hellendoorn, Vincent, Bailey, Alex, Bilal, Taylan, Zhou, Huanjie, Khatir, Mehrdad, Sutton, Charles, Rzadkowski, Wojciech, Macintosh, Fiona, Shagin, Konstantin, Medina, Paul, Liang, Chen, Zhou, Jinjing, Shah, Pararth, Bi, Yingying, Dankovics, Attila, Banga, Shipra, Lehmann, Sabine, Bredesen, Marissa, Lin, Zifan, Hoffmann, John Eric, Lai, Jonathan, Chung, Raynald, Yang, Kai, Balani, Nihal, Bražinskas, Arthur, Sozanschi, Andrei, Hayes, Matthew, Alcalde, Héctor Fernández, Makarov, Peter, Chen, Will, Stella, Antonio, Snijders, Liselotte, Mandl, Michael, Kärrman, Ante, Nowak, Paweł, Wu, Xinyi, Dyck, Alex, Vaidyanathan, Krishnan, R, Raghavender, Mallet, Jessica, Rudominer, Mitch, Johnston, Eric, Mittal, Sushil, Udathu, Akhil, Christensen, Janara, Verma, Vishal, Irving, Zach, Santucci, Andreas, Elsayed, Gamaleldin, Davoodi, Elnaz, Georgiev, Marin, Tenney, Ian, Hua, Nan, Cideron, Geoffrey, Leurent, Edouard, Alnahlawi, Mahmoud, Georgescu, Ionut, Wei, Nan, Zheng, Ivy, Scandinaro, Dylan, Jiang, Heinrich, Snoek, Jasper, Sundararajan, Mukund, Wang, Xuezhi, Ontiveros, Zack, Karo, Itay, Cole, Jeremy, Rajashekhar, Vinu, Tumeh, Lara, Ben-David, Eyal, Jain, Rishub, Uesato, Jonathan, Datta, Romina, Bunyan, Oskar, Wu, Shimu, Zhang, John, Stanczyk, Piotr, Zhang, Ye, Steiner, David, Naskar, Subhajit, Azzam, Michael, Johnson, Matthew, Paszke, Adam, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Elias, Jaume Sanchez, Mohiuddin, Afroz, Muhammad, Faizan, Miao, Jin, Lee, Andrew, Vieillard, Nino, Park, Jane, Zhang, Jiageng, Stanway, Jeff, Garmon, Drew, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Dong, Zhe, Lee, Jong, Kumar, Aviral, Zhou, Luowei, Evens, Jonathan, Isaac, William, Irving, Geoffrey, Loper, Edward, Fink, Michael, Arkatkar, Isha, Chen, Nanxin, Shafran, Izhak, Petrychenko, Ivan, Chen, Zhe, Jia, Johnson, Levskaya, Anselm, Zhu, Zhenkai, Grabowski, Peter, Mao, Yu, Magni, Alberto, Yao, Kaisheng, Snaider, Javier, Casagrande, Norman, Palmer, Evan, Suganthan, Paul, Castaño, Alfonso, Giannoumis, Irene, Kim, Wooyeol, Rybiński, Mikołaj, Sreevatsa, Ashwin, Prendki, Jennifer, Soergel, David, Goedeckemeyer, Adrian, Gierke, Willi, Jafari, Mohsen, Gaba, Meenu, Wiesner, Jeremy, Wright, Diana Gage, Wei, Yawen, Vashisht, Harsha, Kulizhskaya, Yana, Hoover, Jay, Le, Maigo, Li, Lu, Iwuanyanwu, Chimezie, Liu, Lu, Ramirez, Kevin, Khorlin, Andrey, Cui, Albert, LIN, Tian, Wu, Marcus, Aguilar, Ricardo, Pallo, Keith, Chakladar, Abhishek, Perng, Ginger, Abellan, Elena Allica, Zhang, Mingyang, Dasgupta, Ishita, Kushman, Nate, Penchev, Ivo, Repina, Alena, Wu, Xihui, van der Weide, Tom, Ponnapalli, Priya, Kaplan, Caroline, Simsa, Jiri, Li, Shuangfeng, Dousse, Olivier, Piper, Jeff, Ie, Nathan, Pasumarthi, Rama, Lintz, Nathan, Vijayakumar, Anitha, Andor, Daniel, Valenzuela, Pedro, Lui, Minnie, Paduraru, Cosmin, Peng, Daiyi, Lee, Katherine, Zhang, Shuyuan, Greene, Somer, Nguyen, Duc Dung, Kurylowicz, Paula, Hardin, Cassidy, Dixon, Lucas, Janzer, Lili, Choo, Kiam, Feng, Ziqiang, Zhang, Biao, Singhal, Achintya, Du, Dayou, McKinnon, Dan, Antropova, Natasha, Bolukbasi, Tolga, Keller, Orgad, Reid, David, Finchelstein, Daniel, Raad, Maria Abi, Crocker, Remi, Hawkins, Peter, Dadashi, Robert, Gaffney, Colin, Franko, Ken, Bulanova, Anna, Leblond, Rémi, Chung, Shirley, Askham, Harry, Cobo, Luis C., Xu, Kelvin, Fischer, Felix, Xu, Jun, Sorokin, Christina, Alberti, Chris, Lin, Chu-Cheng, Evans, Colin, Dimitriev, Alek, Forbes, Hannah, Banarse, Dylan, Tung, Zora, Omernick, Mark, Bishop, Colton, Sterneck, Rachel, Jain, Rohan, Xia, Jiawei, Amid, Ehsan, Piccinno, Francesco, Wang, Xingyu, Banzal, Praseem, Mankowitz, Daniel J., Polozov, Alex, Krakovna, Victoria, Brown, Sasha, Bateni, MohammadHossein, Duan, Dennis, Firoiu, Vlad, Thotakuri, Meghana, Natan, Tom, Geist, Matthieu, Girgin, Ser tan, Li, Hui, Ye, Jiayu, Roval, Ofir, Tojo, Reiko, Kwong, Michael, Lee-Thorp, James, Yew, Christopher, Sinopalnikov, Danila, Ramos, Sabela, Mellor, John, Sharma, Abhishek, Wu, Kathy, Miller, David, Sonnerat, Nicolas, Vnukov, Denis, Greig, Rory, Beattie, Jennifer, Caveness, Emily, Bai, Libin, Eisenschlos, Julian, Korchemniy, Alex, Tsai, Tomy, Jasarevic, Mimi, Kong, Weize, Dao, Phuong, Zheng, Zeyu, Liu, Frederick, Zhu, Rui, Teh, Tian Huey, Sanmiya, Jason, Gladchenko, Evgeny, Trdin, Nejc, Toyama, Daniel, Rosen, Evan, Tavakkol, Sasan, Xue, Linting, Elkind, Chen, Woodman, Oliver, Carpenter, John, Papamakarios, George, Kemp, Rupert, Kafle, Sushant, Grunina, Tanya, Sinha, Rishika, Talbert, Alice, Wu, Diane, Owusu-Afriyie, Denese, Thornton, Chloe, Pont-Tuset, Jordi, Narayana, Pradyumna, Li, Jing, Fatehi, Saaber, Wieting, John, Ajmeri, Omar, Uria, Benigno, Ko, Yeongil, Knight, Laura, Héliou, Amélie, Niu, Ning, Gu, Shane, Pang, Chenxi, Li, Yeqing, Levine, Nir, Stolovich, Ariel, Santamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca, Goenka, Sonam, Yustalim, Wenny, Strudel, Robin, Elqursh, Ali, Deck, Charlie, Lee, Hyo, Li, Zonglin, Levin, Kyle, Hoffmann, Raphael, Holtmann-Rice, Dan, Bachem, Olivier, Arora, Sho, Koh, Christy, Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas, Põder, Siim, Tariq, Mukarram, Sun, Yanhua, Ionita, Lucian, Seyedhosseini, Mojtaba, Tafti, Pouya, Liu, Zhiyu, Gulati, Anmol, Liu, Jasmine, Ye, Xinyu, Chrzaszcz, Bart, Wang, Lily, Sethi, Nikhil, Li, Tianrun, Brown, Ben, Singh, Shreya, Fan, Wei, Parisi, Aaron, Stanton, Joe, Koverkathu, Vinod, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Li, Yunjie, Lu, TJ, Shroff, Prakash, Varadarajan, Mani, Bahargam, Sanaz, Willoughby, Rob, Gaddy, David, Desjardins, Guillaume, Cornero, Marco, Robenek, Brona, Mittal, Bhavishya, Albrecht, Ben, Shenoy, Ashish, Moiseev, Fedor, Jacobsson, Henrik, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Rivière, Morgane, Walton, Alanna, Crepy, Clément, Parrish, Alicia, Zhou, Zongwei, Farabet, Clement, Radebaugh, Carey, Srinivasan, Praveen, van der Salm, Claudia, Fidjeland, Andreas, Scellato, Salvatore, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Klimczak-Plucińska, Hanna, Bridson, David, de Cesare, Dario, Hudson, Tom, Mendolicchio, Piermaria, Walker, Lexi, Morris, Alex, Mauger, Matthew, Guseynov, Alexey, Reid, Alison, Odoom, Seth, Loher, Lucia, Cotruta, Victor, Yenugula, Madhavi, Grewe, Dominik, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Duerig, Tom, Sanchez, Antonio, Yadlowsky, Steve, Shen, Amy, Globerson, Amir, Webb, Lynette, Dua, Sahil, Li, Dong, Bhupatiraju, Surya, Hurt, Dan, Qureshi, Haroon, Agarwal, Ananth, Shani, Tomer, Eyal, Matan, Khare, Anuj, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Wang, Lei, Tekur, Chetan, Kale, Mihir Sanjay, Wei, Jinliang, Sang, Ruoxin, Saeta, Brennan, Liechty, Tyler, Sun, Yi, Zhao, Yao, Lee, Stephan, Nayak, Pandu, Fritz, Doug, Vuyyuru, Manish Reddy, Aslanides, John, Vyas, Nidhi, Wicke, Martin, Ma, Xiao, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Martin, Nina, Cate, Hardie, Manyika, James, Amiri, Keyvan, Kim, Yelin, Xiong, Xi, Kang, Kai, Luisier, Florian, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Madras, David, Guo, Mandy, Waters, Austin, Wang, Oliver, Ainslie, Joshua, Baldridge, Jason, Zhang, Han, Pruthi, Garima, Bauer, Jakob, Yang, Feng, Mansour, Riham, Gelman, Jason, Xu, Yang, Polovets, George, Liu, Ji, Cai, Honglong, Chen, Warren, Sheng, XiangHai, Xue, Emily, Ozair, Sherjil, Angermueller, Christof, Li, Xiaowei, Sinha, Anoop, Wang, Weiren, Wiesinger, Julia, Koukoumidis, Emmanouil, Tian, Yuan, Iyer, Anand, Gurumurthy, Madhu, Goldenson, Mark, Shah, Parashar, Blake, MK, Yu, Hongkun, Urbanowicz, Anthony, Palomaki, Jennimaria, Fernando, Chrisantha, Durden, Ken, Mehta, Harsh, Momchev, Nikola, Rahimtoroghi, Elahe, Georgaki, Maria, Raul, Amit, Ruder, Sebastian, Redshaw, Morgan, Lee, Jinhyuk, Zhou, Denny, Jalan, Komal, Li, Dinghua, Hechtman, Blake, Schuh, Parker, Nasr, Milad, Milan, Kieran, Mikulik, Vladimir, Franco, Juliana, Green, Tim, Nguyen, Nam, Kelley, Joe, Mahendru, Aroma, Hu, Andrea, Howland, Joshua, Vargas, Ben, Hui, Jeffrey, Bansal, Kshitij, Rao, Vikram, Ghiya, Rakesh, Wang, Emma, Ye, Ke, Sarr, Jean Michel, Preston, Melanie Moranski, Elish, Madeleine, Li, Steve, Kaku, Aakash, Gupta, Jigar, Pasupat, Ice, Juan, Da-Cheng, Someswar, Milan, M., Tejvi, Chen, Xinyun, Amini, Aida, Fabrikant, Alex, Chu, Eric, Dong, Xuanyi, Muthal, Amruta, Buthpitiya, Senaka, Jauhari, Sarthak, Khandelwal, Urvashi, Hitron, Ayal, Ren, Jie, Rinaldi, Larissa, Drath, Shahar, Dabush, Avigail, Jiang, Nan-Jiang, Godhia, Harshal, Sachs, Uli, Chen, Anthony, Fan, Yicheng, Taitelbaum, Hagai, Noga, Hila, Dai, Zhuyun, Wang, James, Hamer, Jenny, Ferng, Chun-Sung, Elkind, Chenel, Atias, Aviel, Lee, Paulina, Listík, Vít, Carlen, Mathias, van de Kerkhof, Jan, Pikus, Marcin, Zaher, Krunoslav, Müller, Paul, Zykova, Sasha, Stefanec, Richard, Gatsko, Vitaly, Hirnschall, Christoph, Sethi, Ashwin, Xu, Xingyu Federico, Ahuja, Chetan, Tsai, Beth, Stefanoiu, Anca, Feng, Bo, Dhandhania, Keshav, Katyal, Manish, Gupta, Akshay, Parulekar, Atharva, Pitta, Divya, Zhao, Jing, Bhatia, Vivaan, Bhavnani, Yashodha, Alhadlaq, Omar, Li, Xiaolin, Danenberg, Peter, Tu, Dennis, Pine, Alex, Filippova, Vera, Ghosh, Abhipso, Limonchik, Ben, Urala, Bhargava, Lanka, Chaitanya Krishna, Clive, Derik, Li, Edward, Wu, Hao, Hongtongsak, Kevin, Li, Ianna, Thakkar, Kalind, Omarov, Kuanysh, Majmundar, Kushal, Alverson, Michael, Kucharski, Michael, Patel, Mohak, Jain, Mudit, Zabelin, Maksim, Pelagatti, Paolo, Kohli, Rohan, Kumar, Saurabh, Kim, Joseph, Sankar, Swetha, Shah, Vineet, Ramachandruni, Lakshmi, Zeng, Xiangkai, Bariach, Ben, Weidinger, Laura, Vu, Tu, Andreev, Alek, He, Antoine, Hui, Kevin, Kashem, Sheleem, Subramanya, Amar, Hsiao, Sissie, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Sadovsky, Adam, Le, Quoc, Strohman, Trevor, Wu, Yonghui, Petrov, Slav, Dean, Jeffrey, and Vinyals, Oriol

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

This report introduces a new family of multimodal models, Gemini, that exhibit remarkable capabilities across image, audio, video, and text understanding. The Gemini family consists of Ultra, Pro, and Nano sizes, suitable for applications ranging from complex reasoning tasks to on-device memory-constrained use-cases. Evaluation on a broad range of benchmarks shows that our most-capable Gemini Ultra model advances the state of the art in 30 of 32 of these benchmarks - notably being the first model to achieve human-expert performance on the well-studied exam benchmark MMLU, and improving the state of the art in every one of the 20 multimodal benchmarks we examined. We believe that the new capabilities of the Gemini family in cross-modal reasoning and language understanding will enable a wide variety of use cases. We discuss our approach toward post-training and deploying Gemini models responsibly to users through services including Gemini, Gemini Advanced, Google AI Studio, and Cloud Vertex AI.

Published
2023

42. An Examination of Polarization Mode Transitions in Pulsar Radio Emission

Author

McKinnon, M. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

A statistical model is used to determine how stochastic fluctuations in the intensities of orthogonal polarization modes contribute to the modulation and depolarization of pulsar radio emission. General expressions for the distributions of the Stokes parameters, linear polarization, polarization position angle, and fractional polarization are derived when the mode intensities follow the same or different probability distributions. The transition between modes is examined. When the mode intensities follow the same distribution, the fractional linear polarization and modulation index are symmetric about the transition. The symmetry is disrupted when the mode intensities follow different distributions. The fractional linear polarization is minimum and the mode frequency of occurrence changes rapidly at transitions where the mode intensity distributions are the same and the modulation index is small. A lower limit on the fractional linear polarization that can be attained via the simultaneous occurrence of the modes as a function of modulation index is quantified., Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023

43. An Unexpected Decline in Spring Atmospheric Humidity in the Interior Southwestern United States and Implications for Forest Fires

Author

Jacobson, Tess WP, Seager, Richard, Williams, A Park, Simpson, Isla R, McKinnon, Karen A, and Liu, Haibo

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences
Abstract

Abstract: On seasonal time scales, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a known predictor of burned area in the southwestern United States (“the Southwest”). VPD increases with atmospheric warming due to the exponential relationship between temperature and saturation vapor pressure. Another control on VPD is specific humidity, such that increases in specific humidity can counteract temperature-driven increases in VPD. Unexpectedly, despite the increased capacity of a warmer atmosphere to hold water vapor, near-surface specific humidity decreased from 1970 to 2019 in much of the Southwest, particularly in spring, summer, and fall. Here, we identify declining near-surface humidity from 1970 to 2019 in the southwestern United States with both reanalysis and in situ station data. Focusing on the interior Southwest in the months preceding the summer forest fire season, we explain the decline in terms of changes in atmospheric circulation and moisture fluxes between the surface and the atmosphere. We find that an early spring decline in precipitation in the interior region induced a decline in soil moisture and evapotranspiration, drying the lower troposphere in summer. This prior season precipitation decline is in turn related to a trend toward a Northern Hemisphere stationary wave pattern. Finally, using fixed humidity scenarios and the observed exponential relationship between VPD and burned forest area, we estimate that with no increase in temperature at all, the humidity decline alone would still lead to nearly one-quarter of the observed VPD-induced increase in burned area over 1984–2019. Significance Statement: Burned forest area has increased significantly in the southwestern United States in recent decades, driven in part by an increase in atmospheric aridity [vapor pressure deficit (VPD)]. Increases in VPD can be caused by a combination of increasing temperature and decreasing specific humidity. As the atmosphere warms with climate change, its capacity to hold moisture increases. Despite this, there is a decrease in near-surface air humidity in the interior southwestern United States over 1970–2019, which during the summer is likely caused by a decline in early spring precipitation leading to limited soil moisture and evaporation in spring and summer. We estimate that this declining humidity alone, without an increase in temperature, would cause about one-quarter of the VPD-induced increase in burned forest area in this region over 1984–2019.

Published
2024

44. HIV phylogenetic clusters point to unmet hiv prevention, testing and treatment needs among men who have sex with men in kenya

Author

Cholette, François, Lazarus, Lisa, Macharia, Pascal, Walimbwa, Jeffrey, Kuria, Samuel, Bhattacharjee, Parinita, Musyoki, Helgar, Mugambi, Mary, Ongaro, Martin K., Olango, Kennedy, Musimbi, Janet, Emmanuel, Faran, Isac, Shajy, Pickles, Michael, Becker, Marissa L., Mishra, Sharmistha, McKinnon, Lyle R., Blanchard, James, Ho, John, Henry, Omari, Fabia, Rissa, Sandstrom, Paul, Lorway, Robert, and Shaw, Souradet Y.

Published
2024
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45. “They feel shame sometime, but that is why we need to talk to them…we need to tell them how important it is not to feel shame”: Hepatitis B related shame and improving hepatitis B care in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in the Top End of the Northern Territory, according to the Aboriginal health workforce

Author

Sullivan, Richard P., Bukulatjpi, Sarah Mariyalawuy, Binks, Paula, Hosking, Kelly, Nundhirribala, Patricia, Vintour-Cesar, Emily, McKinnon, Melita, Gurruwiwi, George, Green, Anna, Davis, Joshua S., and Davies, Jane

Published
2024
Full Text
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49. Capmatinib is an effective treatment for MET-fusion driven pediatric high-grade glioma and synergizes with radiotherapy

Author

Zuckermann, Marc, He, Chen, Andrews, Jared, Bagchi, Aditi, Sloan-Henry, Roketa, Bianski, Brandon, Xie, Jia, Wang, Yingzhe, Twarog, Nathaniel, Onar-Thomas, Arzu, Ernst, Kati J., Yang, Lei, Li, Yong, Zhu, Xiaoyan, Ocasio, Jennifer K., Budd, Kaitlin M., Dalton, James, Li, Xiaoyu, Chepyala, Divyabharathi, Zhang, Junyuan, Xu, Ke, Hover, Laura, Roach, Jordan T., Chan, Kenneth Chun-Ho, Hofmann, Nina, McKinnon, Peter J., Pfister, Stefan M., Shelat, Anang A., Rankovic, Zoran, Freeman, III, Burgess B., Chiang, Jason, Jones, David T. W., Tinkle, Christopher L., and Baker, Suzanne J.

Published
2024
Full Text
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