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1. Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061 Report, Chapter 4: From planetary exploration goals to technology requirements

Author

Lasue, Jérémie, Bousquet, Pierre, Blanc, Michel, André, Nicolas, Beck, Pierre, Berger, Gilles, Bolton, Scott, Bunce, Emma, Chide, Baptiste, Foing, Bernard, Hammel, Heidi, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Griton, Lea, Mcnutt, Ralph, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mousis, Olivier, Opher, Merav, Sotin, Christophe, Senske, Dave, Spilker, Linda, Vernazza, Pierre, and Zong, Qiugang

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

This chapter reviews for each province and destination of the Solar System the representative space missions that will have to be designed and implemented by 2061 to address the six key science questions about the diversity, origins, workings and habitability of planetary systems (described in chapter 1) and to perform the critical observations that have been described in chapters 3 and partly 2. It derives from this set of future representative missions, some of which will have to be flown during the 2041-2061 period, the critical technologies and supporting infrastructures that will be needed to fly these challenging missions, thus laying the foundation for the description of technologies and infrastructures for the future of planetary exploration that is given in chapters 5 and 6, respectively., Comment: 83 pages, 23 figures, 7 tables, Horizon 2061 is a science-driven, foresight exercise, for future scientific investigations

Published
2022
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2. Anomalous Flux in the Cosmic Optical Background Detected With New Horizons Observations

Author

Lauer, Tod R., Postman, Marc, Spencer, John R., Weaver, Harold A., Stern, S. Alan, Gladstone, G. Randall, Binzel, Richard P., Britt, Daniel T., Buie, Marc W., Buratti, Bonnie J., Cheng, Andrew F., Grundy, W. M., Horányi, Mihaly, Kavelaars, J. J., Linscott, Ivan R., Lisse, Carey M., McKinnon, William B., McNutt, Ralph L., Moore, Jeffrey M., Núñez, Jorge I., Olkin, Catherine B., Parker, Joel W., Porter, Simon B., Reuter, Dennis C., Robbins, Stuart J., Schenk, Paul M., Showalter, Mark R., Singer, Kelsi N., Verbiscer, Anne. J., and Young, Leslie A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We used New Horizons LORRI images to measure the optical-band ($0.4\lesssim\lambda\lesssim0.9{\rm\mu m}$) sky brightness within a high galactic-latitude field selected to have reduced diffuse scattered light from the Milky Way galaxy (DGL), as inferred from the IRIS all-sky $100~\mu$m map. We also selected the field to significantly reduce the scattered light from bright stars (SSL) outside the LORRI field. Suppression of DGL and SSL reduced the large uncertainties in the background flux levels present in our earlier New Horizons COB results. The raw total sky level, measured when New Horizons was 51.3 AU from the Sun, is $24.22\pm0.80{\rm ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}.$ Isolating the COB contribution to the raw total required subtracting scattered light from bright stars and galaxies, faint stars below the photometric detection-limit within the field, and the hydrogen plus ionized-helium two-photon continua. This yielded a highly significant detection of the COB at ${\rm 16.37\pm 1.47 ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}$ at the LORRI pivot wavelength of 0.608 $\mu$m. This result is in strong tension with the hypothesis that the COB only comprises the integrated light of external galaxies (IGL) presently known from deep HST counts. Subtraction of the estimated IGL flux from the total COB level leaves a flux component of unknown origin at ${\rm 8.06\pm1.92 ~nW ~m^{-2} ~sr^{-1}}.$ Its amplitude is equal to the IGL., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2022
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4. Opportunities for Astrophysical Science from the Inner and Outer Solar System

Author

Zemcov, Michael, Arcavi, Iair, Arendt, Richard G., Bachelet, Etienne, Beichman, Chas, Bock, James, Brandt, Pontus, Chary, Ranga Ram, Cooray, Asantha, Dragomir, Diana, Gorjian, Varoujan, Harman, Chester E., Henry, Richard Conn, Lisse, Carey, Lubin, Philip, Matsuura, Shuji, McNutt, Ralph, Murthy, Jayant, Poppe, Andrew R., Paul, Michael V., Reach, William T., Shvartzvald, Yossi, Street, R. A., Symons, Teresa, and Werner, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Astrophysical measurements away from the 1 AU orbit of Earth can enable several astrophysical science cases that are challenging or impossible to perform from Earthbound platforms, including: building a detailed understanding of the extragalactic background light throughout the electromagnetic spectrum; measurements of the properties of dust and ice in the inner and outer solar system; determinations of the mass of planets and stellar remnants far from luminous stars using gravitational microlensing; and stable time-domain astronomy. Though potentially transformative for astrophysics, opportunities to fly instrumentation capable of these measurements are rare, and a mission to the distant solar system that includes instrumentation expressly designed to perform astrophysical science, or even one primarily for a different purpose but capable of precise astronomical investigation, has not yet been flown. In this White Paper, we describe the science motivations for this kind of measurement, and advocate for future flight opportunities that permit intersectional collaboration and cooperation to make these science investigations a reality., Comment: Science white paper submitted for the Astro2020 decadal review, 5 pages + references

Published
2019

6. Contributors

Author

Alves, Jorge, primary, Ammannito, Eleonora, additional, André, Nicolas, additional, Arrigo, Gabriella, additional, Asmar, Sami, additional, Atkinson, David, additional, Autino, Adriano, additional, Beck, Pierre, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Blanc, Michel, additional, Bolton, Scott, additional, Bourdon, Anne, additional, Bousquet, Pierre, additional, Bunce, Emma, additional, Capria, Maria Teresa, additional, Chabert, Pascal, additional, Charnoz, Sébastien, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Chien, Steve, additional, Cinelli, Ilaria, additional, Day, John, additional, Dehant, Véronique, additional, Demory, Brice, additional, Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, additional, Dorn, Caroline, additional, Fairén, Alberto G., additional, Filice, Valerio, additional, Fletcher, Leigh N., additional, Foing, Bernard, additional, Forget, François, additional, Freeman, Anthony, additional, Gaudi, B. Scott, additional, Genova, Antonio, additional, Grande, Manuel, additional, Green, James, additional, Griton, Léa, additional, Guo, Linli, additional, Hammel, Heidi, additional, Heinicke, Christiane, additional, Helled, Ravit, additional, Heng, Kevin, additional, Herique, Alain, additional, Höning, Dennis, additional, Hook, Joshua Vander, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Imamura, Takeshi, additional, Jackman, Caitriona, additional, Kaspi, Yohai, additional, Kim, Jyeong Ja, additional, Kitzman, Daniel, additional, Kofman, Wlodek, additional, Kokubo, Eiichiro, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lazio, Joseph, additional, Leconte, Jérémy, additional, Lellouch, Emmanuel, additional, Le Sergeant d'Hendecourt, Louis, additional, Lewis, Jonathan, additional, Li, Ming, additional, Mackwell, Steve, additional, Madi, Mohammad, additional, Makaya, Advenit, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, Michel, Patrick, additional, Morbidelli, Alessandro, additional, Mordasini, Christoph, additional, Mousis, Olivier, additional, Nesvorny, David, additional, Noack, Lena, additional, Onoda, Masami, additional, Opher, Merav, additional, Ori, Gian Gabriele, additional, Owen, James, additional, Paranicas, Chris, additional, Parro, Victor, additional, Perino, Maria Antonietta, additional, Plainaki, Christina, additional, Preston, Robert, additional, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Qin, Liping, additional, Quanz, Sascha, additional, Rauer, Heike, additional, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose A., additional, Schmidt, Juergen, additional, Senske, Dave, additional, Snellen, Ignas, additional, Soderlund, Krista M., additional, Sotin, Christophe, additional, Spilker, Linda, additional, Spohn, Tilman, additional, Stephenson, Keith, additional, Sterken, Veerle J., additional, Testi, Leonardo, additional, Tosi, Nicola, additional, Toukaku, Yoshio, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, Vandaele, Ann C., additional, Vazan, Allona, additional, Venturini, Julia, additional, Vernazza, Pierre, additional, Waite, J. Hunter, additional, Wambsganss, Joachim, additional, Wedler, Armin, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Zarka, Philippe, additional, Zine, Sonia, additional, and Zong, Qiugang, additional

Published
2023
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7. From planetary exploration goals to technology requirements

Author

Lasue, Jérémie, primary, Bousquet, Pierre, additional, Blanc, Michel, additional, André, Nicolas, additional, Beck, Pierre, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Bolton, Scott, additional, Bunce, Emma, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Foing, Bernard, additional, Hammel, Heidi, additional, Lellouch, Emmanuel, additional, Griton, Léa, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Mousis, Olivier, additional, Opher, Merav, additional, Sotin, Christophe, additional, Senske, Dave, additional, Spilker, Linda, additional, Vernazza, Pierre, additional, and Zong, Qiugang, additional

Published
2023
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8. Solar System Ice Giants: Exoplanets in our Backyard

Author

Rymer, Abigail, Mandt, Kathleen, Hurley, Dana, Lisse, Carey, Izenberg, Noam, Smith, H. Todd, Westlake, Joseph, Bunce, Emma, Arridge, Christopher, Masters, Adam, Hofstadter, Mark, Simon, Amy, Brandt, Pontus, Clark, George, Cohen, Ian, Allen, Robert, Vine, Sarah, Hansen, Kenneth, Hospodarsky, George, Kurth, William, Romani, Paul, Lamy, Laurent, Zarka, Philippe, Cao, Hao, Paty, Carol, Hedman, Matthew, Roussos, Elias, Cruikshank, Dale, Farrell, William, Fieseler, Paul, Coates, Andrew, Yelle, Roger, Parkinson, Christopher, Militzer, Burkhard, Grodent, Denis, Kollmann, Peter, McNutt, Ralph, André, Nicolas, Strange, Nathan, Barnes, Jason, Dones, Luke, Denk, Tilmann, Rathbun, Julie, Lunine, Jonathan, Desai, Ravi, Cochrane, Corey, Sayanagi, Kunio M., Postberg, Frank, Ebert, Robert, Hill, Thomas, Mueller-Wodarg, Ingo, Regoli, Leonardo, Pontius, Duane, Stanley, Sabine, Greathouse, Thomas, Saur, Joachim, Marouf, Essam, Bergman, Jan, Higgins, Chuck, Johnson, Robert, Thomsen, Michelle, Soderlund, Krista, Jia, Xianzhe, Wilson, Robert, Englander, Jacob, Burch, Jim, Nordheim, Tom, Grava, Cesare, Baines, Kevin, Quick, Lynnae, Russell, Christopher, Cravens, Thomas, Cecconi, Baptiste, Aslam, Shahid, Bray, Veronica, Garcia-Sage, Katherine, Richardson, John, Clark, John, Hsu, Sean, Achterberg, Richard, Sergis, Nick, Paganelli, Flora, Kempf, Sasha, Orton, Glenn, Portyankina, Ganna, Jones, Geraint, Economou, Thanasis, Livengood, Timothy, Krimigi, Stamatios, Szalay, James, Jackman, Catriona, Valek, Phillip, Lecacheux, Alain, Colwell, Joshua, Jasinski, Jamie, Tosi, Federico, Sulaiman, Ali, Galand, Marina, Kotova, Anna, Khurana, Krishan, Kivelson, Margaret, Strobel, Darrell, Radiota, Aikaterina, Estrada, Paul, Livi, Stefano, Azari, Abigail, Yates, Japheth, Allegrini, Frederic, Vogt, Marissa, Felici, Marianna, Luhmann, Janet, Filacchione, Gianrico, and Moore, Luke

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Future remote sensing of exoplanets will be enhanced by a thorough investigation of our solar system Ice Giants (Neptune-size planets). What can the configuration of the magnetic field tell us (remotely) about the interior, and what implications does that field have for the structure of the magnetosphere; energy input into the atmosphere, and surface geophysics (for example surface weathering of satellites that might harbour sub-surface oceans). How can monitoring of auroral emission help inform future remote observations of emission from exoplanets? Our Solar System provides the only laboratory in which we can perform in-situ experiments to understand exoplanet formation, dynamos, systems and magnetospheres., Comment: Exoplanet Science Strategy White Paper, submitted to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, Space Studies Board, 9 March 2018

Published
2018

9. Interstellar Probe: Humanity's exploration of the Galaxy Begins

Author

Brandt, Pontus C., Provornikova, E.A., Cocoros, A., Turner, D., DeMajistre, R., Runyon, K., Lisse, C.M., Bale, S., Kurth, W.S., Galli, A., Wurz, P., McNutt, Ralph L., Jr., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Linsky, J., Redfield, S., Kollmann, P., Mandt, K.E., Rymer, A.M., Roelof, E.C., Kinnison, J., Opher, M., Hill, M.E., and Paul, M.V.

Published
2022
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10. Interstellar probe – Destination: Universe!

Author

McNutt, Ralph L., Jr., Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., Gruntman, Mike, Krimigis, Stamatios M., Roelof, Edmond C., Brandt, Pontus C., Vernon, Steven R., Paul, Michael V., Stough, Robert W., and Kinnison, James D.

Published
2022
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11. Science Overview of the Europa Clipper Mission

Author

Pappalardo, Robert T., primary, Buratti, Bonnie J., additional, Korth, Haje, additional, Senske, David A., additional, Blaney, Diana L., additional, Blankenship, Donald D., additional, Burch, James L., additional, Christensen, Philip R., additional, Kempf, Sascha, additional, Kivelson, Margaret G., additional, Mazarico, Erwan, additional, Retherford, Kurt D., additional, Turtle, Elizabeth P., additional, Westlake, Joseph H., additional, Paczkowski, Brian G., additional, Ray, Trina L., additional, Kampmeier, Jennifer, additional, Craft, Kate L., additional, Howell, Samuel M., additional, Klima, Rachel L., additional, Leonard, Erin J., additional, Matiella Novak, Alexandra, additional, Phillips, Cynthia B., additional, Daubar, Ingrid J., additional, Blacksberg, Jordana, additional, Brooks, Shawn M., additional, Choukroun, Mathieu N., additional, Cochrane, Corey J., additional, Diniega, Serina, additional, Elder, Catherine M., additional, Ernst, Carolyn M., additional, Gudipati, Murthy S., additional, Luspay-Kuti, Adrienn, additional, Piqueux, Sylvain, additional, Rymer, Abigail M., additional, Roberts, James H., additional, Steinbrügge, Gregor, additional, Cable, Morgan L., additional, Scully, Jennifer E. C., additional, Castillo-Rogez, Julie C., additional, Hay, Hamish C. F. C., additional, Persaud, Divya M., additional, Glein, Christopher R., additional, McKinnon, William B., additional, Moore, Jeffrey M., additional, Raymond, Carol A., additional, Schroeder, Dustin M., additional, Vance, Steven D., additional, Wyrick, Danielle Y., additional, Zolotov, Mikhail Y., additional, Hand, Kevin P., additional, Nimmo, Francis, additional, McGrath, Melissa A., additional, Spencer, John R., additional, Lunine, Jonathan I., additional, Paty, Carol S., additional, Soderblom, Jason M., additional, Collins, Geoffrey C., additional, Schmidt, Britney E., additional, Rathbun, Julie A., additional, Shock, Everett L., additional, Becker, Tracy C., additional, Hayes, Alexander G., additional, Prockter, Louise M., additional, Weiss, Benjamin P., additional, Hibbitts, Charles A., additional, Moussessian, Alina, additional, Brockwell, Timothy G., additional, Hsu, Hsiang-Wen, additional, Jia, Xianzhe, additional, Gladstone, G. Randall, additional, McEwen, Alfred S., additional, Patterson, G. Wesley, additional, McNutt, Ralph L., additional, Evans, Jordan P., additional, Larson, Timothy W., additional, Cangahuala, L. Alberto, additional, Havens, Glen G., additional, Buffington, Brent B., additional, Bradley, Ben, additional, Campagnola, Stefano, additional, Hardman, Sean H., additional, Srinivasan, Jeffrey M., additional, Short, Kendra L., additional, Jedrey, Thomas C., additional, St. Vaughn, Joshua A., additional, Clark, Kevin P., additional, Vertesi, Janet, additional, and Niebur, Curt, additional

Published
2024
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13. Hypotheses Concerning Global Magnetospheric Convection, Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling, and Auroral Activity at Uranus.

Author

Turner, Drew L., Cohen, Ian J., Clark, George, Kollmann, Peter, Regoli, Leonardo, Caggiano, Joe, McNutt, Ralph, and Mauk, Barry

Subjects
INTERPLANETARY magnetic fields, AURORAS, MAGNETOPAUSE, PARTICLE acceleration, URANUS (Planet), SOLAR wind
Abstract

We investigate the unique magnetosphere of Uranus and its interaction with the solar wind. Following the work of Masters (2014), https://doi.org/10.1002/2014ja020077 and others, we developed and validated a simple yet valuable and illustrative model of Uranus' offset, tilted, and rapidly‐spinning magnetic field and magnetopause (nominal and fit to the Voyager‐2 inbound crossing point) in three‐dimensional space. With this model, we investigated details of the seasonal and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation dependencies of dayside and flank reconnection along the Uranian magnetopause. We found that anti‐parallel (magnetic field shear angle greater than 170°) reconnection occurs nearly continuously along the Uranian dayside and/or flank magnetopause under all seasons of the 84 (Earth) year Uranian orbit and the most likely IMF orientations. Such active and continuous driving of the Uranian magnetosphere should result in constant loading and unloading of the Uranian magnetotail, which may be further complicated and destabilized by sudden changes in the IMF orientation and solar wind conditions plus the reconfigurations from the rotation of Uranus itself. We demonstrate that unlike the other magnetospheric systems that are Dungey‐cycle driven (i.e., Mercury and Earth) or rotationally driven (Jupiter and Saturn), global magnetospheric convection of plasma, magnetic flux, and energy flow may occur via three distinct cycles, two of which are unique to Uranus (and possibly also Neptune). Our simple model is also used to map signatures of dayside and flank reconnection down to the Uranian ionosphere, as a function of planetary latitude and longitude. Such mapping demonstrates that "spot‐like" auroral features should be very common on the Uranian dayside, consistent with observations from Hubble Space Telescope. We further detail how the combination of Uranus' rapid rotation and unique and very active global magnetospheric convection should be consistent with fueling of the surprisingly intense trapped radiation environment observed by Voyager‐2 during its single flyby. Summarizing, Uranus is a very interesting magnetosphere that offers new insights on the nature, complexity, and diversity of planetary magnetospheric systems and the acceleration of particles in space plasmas, which might have important analogs to exoplanetary magnetospheric systems. Our hypotheses can be tested with further work involving more advanced models, new auroral observations, and unprecedented missions to explore the in situ environment from orbit around Uranus, which should include a complement of magnetospheric instruments in the payload. Key Points: Dayside and/or flank reconnection occurs nearly continuously at Uranus, loading energy into the magnetotail and driving global convectionMagnetospheric convection occurs in three distinct types of cycle, two unique to Uranus and one explaining "spot" auroral observationsSolar wind coupling with Uranus' magnetosphere occurs for all seasons, diurnal phases, and most likely interplanetary magnetic field orientations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Near-term interstellar probe: First step

Author

McNutt, Ralph L., Jr., Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., Gruntman, Mike, Krimigis, Stamatios M., Roelof, Edmond C., Brandt, Pontus C., Vernon, Steven R., Paul, Michael V., Lathrop, Brian W., Mehoke, Douglas S., Napolillo, David H., and Stough, Robert W.

Published
2019
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15. New Horizons: Anticipated Scientific Investigations at the Pluto System

Author

Young, Leslie A., Stern, S. Alan, Weaver, Harold A., Bagenal, Fran, Binzel, Richard P., Buratti, Bonnie, Cheng, Andrew F., Cruikshank, Dale, Gladstone, G. Randall, Grundy, William M., Hinson, David P., Horanyi, Mihaly, Jennings, Donald E., Linscott, Ivan R., McComas, David J., McKinnon, William B., McNutt, Ralph, Moore, Jeffery M., Murchie, Scott, Porco, Carolyn C., Reitsema, Harold, Reuter, Dennis C., Spencer, John R., Slater, David C., Strobel, Darrell, Summers, Michael E., and Tyler, G. Leonard

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The New Horizons spacecraft will achieve a wide range of measurement objectives at the Pluto system, including color and panchromatic maps, 1.25-2.50 micron spectral images for studying surface compositions, and measurements of Pluto's atmosphere (temperatures, composition, hazes, and the escape rate). Additional measurement objectives include topography, surface temperatures, and the solar wind interaction. The fulfillment of these measurement objectives will broaden our understanding of the Pluto system, such as the origin of the Pluto system, the processes operating on the surface, the volatile transport cycle, and the energetics and chemistry of the atmosphere. The mission, payload, and strawman observing sequences have been designed to acheive the NASA-specified measurement objectives and maximize the science return. The planned observations at the Pluto system will extend our knowledge of other objects formed by giant impact (such as the Earth-moon), other objects formed in the outer solar system (such as comets and other icy dwarf planets), other bodies with surfaces in vapor-pressure equilibrium (such as Triton and Mars), and other bodies with N2:CH4 atmospheres (such as Titan, Triton, and the early Earth)., Comment: 40 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables; To appear in a special volume of Space Science Reviews on the New Horizons mission

Published
2007
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17. Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer Results from the First Flyby of Titan

Author

Waite, J. Hunter, Niemann, Hasso, Yelle, Roger V., Kasprzak, Wayne T., Cravens, Thomas E., Luhmann, Janet G., McNutt, Ralph L., Ip, Wing-Huen, Gell, David, De La Haye, Virginie, Müller-Wordag, Ingo, Magee, Brian, Borggren, Nathan, Ledvina, Steve, Fletcher, Greg, Walter, Erin, Miller, Ryan, Scherer, Stefan, Thorpe, Rob, Xu, Jing, Block, Bruce, and Arnett, Ken

Published
2005

18. Cross-scale physics and the acceleration of particles in collisionless plasmas throughout the Heliosphere and beyond: I. Collisionless shocks

Author

Turner, Drew L., primary, III, Lynn B. Wilson,, additional, Goodrich, Katy, additional, Cohen, Ian J., additional, Liu, Terry Z., additional, Schwartz, Steven J., additional, Caprioli, Damiano, additional, Haggerty, Colby, additional, Gingell, Imogen, additional, Hill, Matt, additional, Provornikova, Elena, additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, Kollmann, Peter, additional, Brandt, Pontus, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, and Lavraud, Benoit, additional

Published
2023
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19. Sensing the Shape, Dynamics and Global Structure of the Heliosphere

Author

DeMajistre, Robert, primary, Mitchell, Donald, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, Roelof, Edmond, additional, Provornikova, Elena, additional, Gkioulidou, Matina, additional, Parisa, Mostafavi, additional, Nikoukar, Romina, additional, Westlake, Joe, additional, Opher, Merav, additional, Kornbleuth, Marc, additional, Dialynas, Konstantinos, additional, Galli, Andre, additional, Gruntman, Michal, additional, Reisenfeld, Danial, additional, Kubiak, Marzena, additional, Sokół, Justyna, additional, Devanshu, Jha, additional, and Chen, Thomas, additional

Published
2023
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20. STELLA — In situ Investigations of the Very Local Interstellar Medium

Author

Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., primary, André, Nicolas, additional, Barabash, Stas, additional, Brandt, Pontus C., additional, Horbury, Tim, additional, Iess, Luciano, additional, Lavraud, Benoit, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, Provornikova, Elena, additional, Quemerais, Eric, additional, Wicks, Robert, additional, Wieser, Martin, additional, and Wurz, Peter, additional

Published
2023
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21. A future Interstellar Probe on the dynamic heliosphere and its interaction with the very local interstellar medium

Author

Dialynas, Konstantinos, primary, Brandt, Pontus C., additional, Burlaga, Leonard, additional, Berdichevsky, Daniel, additional, Decker, Robert B., additional, Torre, Stefano Della, additional, DeMajistre, Robert, additional, Galli, Andre, additional, Gkioulidou, Matina, additional, Hill, Matthew E., additional, Krimigis, Stamatios M., additional, Kornbleuth, Marc, additional, Kurth, William S., additional, Lavraud, Benoit, additional, McNutt, Ralph L., additional, Mitchell, Donald G., additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, Nikoukar, Romina, additional, Opher, Merav, additional, Provornikova, Elena A., additional, Roelof, Edmond C., additional, Rancoita, Pier Giorgio, additional, Richardson, John, additional, Roussos, Elias, additional, Sokół, Justyna M., additional, Sterken, Veerle, additional, Vacca, Giuseppe La, additional, Westlake, Joseph H., additional, and Chen, Thomas Y., additional

Published
2023
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22. Pushing the Frontier of Solar & Space Physics: Exploration of the Heliosphere and the Very Local Interstellar Medium by an Interstellar Probe

Author

Brandt, Pontus, primary, Alterman, Benjamin, additional, Alvarez, Erika, additional, Baker, Daniel, additional, Bale, Stuart, additional, Baliukin, Igor, additional, Barabash, Stas, additional, Beichman, Charles, additional, Bergman, Jan, additional, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, additional, Bladek, Piotr, additional, Blanc, Michel, additional, Christian, Eric, additional, Clarke, John, additional, Cocoros, Alice, additional, Cooper, John, additional, Decker, Robert, additional, DeMajistre, Robert, additional, Desai, Mihir, additional, Dialynas, Kostas, additional, Dodd, Suzanne, additional, Eriksson, Stefan, additional, Fedorov, Andrei, additional, Fields, Brian, additional, Fisk, Lennard, additional, Fountain, Glen, additional, Friedman, Louis, additional, Frisch, Priscilla, additional, Fujimoto, Masaki, additional, Funsten, Herbert, additional, Galli, Andre, additional, Gavilian, Lisseth, additional, Gkioulidou, Matina, additional, Gladstone, Randy, additional, Gloeckler, George, additional, Gruntman, Mike, additional, Gurvits, Leonid, additional, Harman, Sonny, additional, Hill, Matthew, additional, Ho, George, additional, Holler, Bryan, additional, Horanyi, Mihaly, additional, Horbury, Timothy, additional, Hunziker, Silvan, additional, Iess, Luciano, additional, Katushkina, Olga, additional, Kempf, Sascha, additional, Kha, Kathy, additional, Kinnison, James, additional, Kornbleuth, Marc, additional, Korreck, Kelly, additional, Krimigis, Tom, additional, Kucharek, Harald, additional, Kurth, William, additional, Lallement, Rosine, additional, Lavraud, Benoit, additional, Liewer, Paulett, additional, Linsky, Jeffrey, additional, Lisse, Casey, additional, Livi, Stefano, additional, Magnes, Werner, additional, Mandt, Kathleen, additional, Mayyasi, Majd, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, Mewaldt, Richard, additional, Miller, Jesse, additional, Mitchell, Donald, additional, Moebius, Eberhard, additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, Nicolaou, Georgios, additional, Nikoukar, Romina, additional, Opher, Merav, additional, Owino, Stephen, additional, Park, Jeewoo, additional, Paschalidis, Nikolaos, additional, Paul, Michael, additional, Paxton, Larry, additional, Plaschke, Ferdinand, additional, Plumaris, Michael, additional, Pogorelov, Nikolai, additional, Poppe, Andrew, additional, Provornikova, Elena, additional, Ratkiewicz, Romana, additional, Redfield, Seth, additional, Reisenfeld, Daniel, additional, Retherford, Kurt, additional, Richardson, John, additional, Roelof, Edmond, additional, Runyon, Kirby, additional, Rymer, Abigail, additional, Santos-Costa, Daniel, additional, Schwadron, Nathan, additional, Sigurdsson, Steinn, additional, Slavin, Jonathan, additional, Smith, Todd, additional, Sokol, Justyna, additional, Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, additional, Spilker, Linda, additional, Spitzer, Sarah, additional, Stapelfeldt, Karl, additional, Sterken, Veerle, additional, Stern, Alan, additional, Stough, Robert, additional, Swaczyna, Pawel, additional, Szabo, Adam, additional, Szalay, Jamey, additional, Turner, Drew, additional, Vertesi, Janet, additional, Wahlund, Jan-Erik, additional, Wang, Chi, additional, Westlake, Joseph, additional, Wicks, Robert, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, additional, Wood, Brian, additional, Wurz, Peter, additional, Zarka, Philippe, additional, Zemcov, Michael, additional, Zirnstein, Eric, additional, and Zong, Qiugang, additional

Published
2023
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23. What is the Heliopause? Importance of magnetic reconnection and measurement requirements

Author

Lavraud, Benoit, primary, Kornbleuth, Marc, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., additional, Génot, Vincent, additional, Eubanks, T. Marshall, additional, Turner, Drew, additional, Fedorov, Andrey, additional, Chen, Thomas Y., additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, Eriksson, Stefan, additional, Drake, James, additional, Swisdak, Marc, additional, Provornikova, Elena, additional, Opher, Merav, additional, Andre, Nicolas, additional, Dialynas, Kostas, additional, Richardson, John, additional, Blanc, Michel, additional, Barabash, Stanislas, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, Brandt, Pontus, additional, Kollmann, Peter, additional, and Kucharek, Harald, additional

Published
2023
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25. Our Heliosphere in the Very Local Interstellar Medium: Exploration by New Horizons, Voyager, IBEX, IMAP and a Future Interstellar Probe

Author

Brandt, Pontus, primary, Stern, Alan, additional, Spilker, Linda, additional, Elliott, Heather, additional, Hill, Matt, additional, Kollmann, Peter, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, McComas, Dave, additional, Gladstone, Randy, additional, Horanyi, Mihaly, additional, Poppe, Andrew, additional, Provornikova, Elena, additional, Linsky, Jeff, additional, Redfield, Seth, additional, Lauer, Tod, additional, Singer, Kelsi, additional, Spencer, John, additional, Verbiscer, Anne, additional, and Opher, Merav, additional

Published
2023
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26. Energetic Particles in the Outer Heliosphere

Author

Mostafavi, Parisa, primary, Hill, Matthew, additional, Kollmann, Peter, additional, Brandt, Pontus, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, Stern, Alan, additional, Shrestha, Bishwas, additional, Bagenal, Fran, additional, Singer, Kelsi, additional, Verbiscer, Anne, additional, and Spencer, John, additional

Published
2023
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27. STELLA—Potential European contributions to a NASA-led interstellar probe

Author

Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., primary, André, Nicolas, additional, Barabash, Stanislav, additional, Brandt, Pontus C., additional, Horbury, Timothy S., additional, Iess, Luciano, additional, Lavraud, Benoit, additional, McNutt, Ralph L., additional, Provornikova, Elena A., additional, Quémerais, Eric, additional, Wicks, Robert, additional, Wieser, Martin, additional, and Wurz, Peter, additional

Published
2022
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28. Chapter 4 - From planetary exploration goals to technology requirements

Author

Lasue, Jérémie, Bousquet, Pierre, Blanc, Michel, André, Nicolas, Beck, Pierre, Berger, Gilles, Bolton, Scott, Bunce, Emma, Chide, Baptiste, Foing, Bernard, Hammel, Heidi, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Griton, Léa, McNutt, Ralph, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mousis, Olivier, Opher, Merav, Sotin, Christophe, Senske, Dave, Spilker, Linda, Vernazza, Pierre, and Zong, Qiugang

Published
2023
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29. MESSENGER at Mercury: Early orbital operations

Author

McNutt, Ralph L., Jr., Solomon, Sean C., Bedini, Peter D., Anderson, Brian J., Blewett, David T., Evans, Larry G., Gold, Robert E., Krimigis, Stamatios M., Murchie, Scott L., Nittler, Larry R., Phillips, Roger J., Prockter, Louise M., Slavin, James A., Zuber, Maria T., Finnegan, Eric J., and Grant, David G.

Published
2014
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31. New Horizons: Anticipated Scientific Investigations at the Pluto System

Author

Young, Leslie A., Stern, S. Alan, Weaver, Harold A., Bagenal, Fran, Binzel, Richard P., Buratti, Bonnie, Cheng, Andrew F., Cruikshank, Dale, Gladstone, G. Randall, Grundy, William M., Hinson, David P., Horanyi, Mihaly, Jennings, Donald E., Linscott, Ivan R., McComas, David J., McKinnon, William B., McNutt, Ralph, Moore, Jeffery M., Murchie, Scott, Olkin, Catherine B., Porco, Carolyn C., Reitsema, Harold, Reuter, Dennis C., Spencer, John R., Slater, David C., Strobel, Darrell, Summers, Michael E., Tyler, G. Leonard, and Russell, C. T., editor

Published
2009
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32. The Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) on the New Horizons Mission

Author

McNutt, Ralph L., Jr., Livi, Stefano A., Gurnee, Reid S., Hill, Matthew E., Cooper, Kim A., Andrews, G. Bruce, Keath, Edwin P., Krimigis, Stamatios M., Mitchell, Donald G., Tossman, Barry, Bagenal, Fran, Boldt, John D., Bradley, Walter, Devereux, William S., Ho, George C., Jaskulek, Stephen E., LeFevere, Thomas W., Malcom, Horace, Marcus, Geoffrey A., Hayes, John R., Moore, G. Ty, Perry, Mark E., Williams, Bruce D., Wilson, Paul, IV, Brown, Lawrence E., Kusterer, Martha B., Vandegriff, Jon D., and Russell, C. T., editor

Published
2009
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36. Non-Nuclear Exploration of the Solar System Study

Author

Brophy, John, Pellegrino, Sergio, Lubin, Philip, Alkalai, Leon, Atwater, Harry, Biswas, Abi, Boca, Andreea, Carr, Greg, Davoyan, Artur, Frazier, William, Gdoutos, Terry, Grandidier, Jonathan, Hogstrom, Kristina, Hughes, Mike, Johnson, Les, Kelzenberg, Michael, Lee, Andrew, Luther, Joseph, Marshall, Michael, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McCarty, Steve, McNutt, Ralph, Petro, Elaine, Polk, James, Scully, Jennifer, Sekerak, Michael, Sellers, Ian, Brophy, John, Pellegrino, Sergio, Lubin, Philip, Alkalai, Leon, Atwater, Harry, Biswas, Abi, Boca, Andreea, Carr, Greg, Davoyan, Artur, Frazier, William, Gdoutos, Terry, Grandidier, Jonathan, Hogstrom, Kristina, Hughes, Mike, Johnson, Les, Kelzenberg, Michael, Lee, Andrew, Luther, Joseph, Marshall, Michael, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McCarty, Steve, McNutt, Ralph, Petro, Elaine, Polk, James, Scully, Jennifer, Sekerak, Michael, and Sellers, Ian

Abstract

Advances in solar array, electric propulsion (EP), and power beaming technologies will very likely enable future missions to the ice giants (Uranus and Neptune) by spacecraft that are completely solar powered. Between 1959 and 2001 the power from solar arrays on missions in Earth orbit have increased by five orders of magnitude (from 1 W to >100,000 W). Simultaneously, the use of solar power has been extended to ever larger distances from the Sun. Three solar powered missions out to solar ranges of just beyond 5 au have now been developed and flown (Rosetta, Juno, and Lucy). At these distances, the solar insolation is roughly 25 times lower than that at 1 au. Solar-powered spacecraft to Saturn, where the solar insolation is 100 times lower than that at 1 au have recently been proposed to NASA. A solar-powered mission to Uranus would have to function where solar insolation is only 4 times lower than it is at Saturn. For Neptune, it would be 9 times lower than at Saturn. Three improvements in solar array technology are required to make this feasible. First, solar cells have to be able to function in the low-intensity, low-temperature (LILT) environment at Uranus and Neptune. Specially designed triple-junction solar cells have been tested at JPL under LILT conditions equivalent to the environment at 30 au have shown excellent performance (high efficiency and high fill factor). Second, the size of deployable solar arrays has to increase by one to two orders of magnitude relative to the current state of the art. Third, the areal density of solar arrays has to be reduced by an order of magnitude. This will most likely be accomplished through a combination of new thin-film solar cell technology like the Perovskite cells under development worldwide and the development of new deployable solar array structures such as those under investigation for solar-powered satellites. The solar insolation at Uranus and Neptune is 400 to 900 times lower, respectively, than it is at 1 au.

Published
2022

39. Topography of the Northern Hemisphere of Mercury from MESSENGER Laser Altimetry

Author

Zuber, María T., Smith, David E., Phillips, Roger J., Solomon, Sean C., Neumann, Gregory A., Hauck, Steven A., Peale, Stanton J., Barnouin, Olivier S., Head, James W., Johnson, Catherine L., Lemoine, Frank G., Mazarico, Erwan, Sun, Xiaoli, Torrence, Mark H., Freed, Andrew M., Klimczak, Christian, Margot, Jean-Luc, Oberst, Jürgen, Perry, Mark E., McNutt, Ralph L., Balcerski, Jeffrey A., Michel, Nathalie, Talpe, Matthieu J., and Di Yang

Published
2012
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40. A science-driven mission concept to an exoplanet

Author

Weinstein-Weiss, Stacy, Rayman, Marc, Turyshev, Slava, Biswass, Abhijit, Jun, Insoo, Price, Hoppy, Mamajek, Eric, Callas, John, McElrath, Tim, Woerner, Dave, Brophy, John, Shao, Mike, Alkalai, Leon, Arora, Nitin, Johnson, Les, Opher, Merav, Redfield, Seth, McNutt, Ralph, Stoker, Carol, Blank, Jennifer, Caldwell, Douglas, Friedman, Louis, Frisbee, Robert, and Bennett, Gary

Published
2017

41. A Science-Driven Mission Concept to An Exoplanet

Author

Bennett, Gary, Frisbee, Robert, Friedman, Louis, Caldwell, Douglas, Blank, Jennifer, Stoker, Carol, McNutt, Ralph, Redfield, Seth, Opher, Merav, Johnson, Les, Arora, Nitin, Alkalai, Leon, Shao, Mike, Brophy, John, Woerner, Dave, McElrath, Tim, Callas, John, Mamajek, Eric, Price, Hoppy, Jun, Insoo, Biswass, Abhijit, Turyshev, Slava, Rayman, Marc, and Weinstein-Weiss, Stacy

Abstract

A concept for a science-driven robotic mission to an exoplanet was developed by a team of scientists and engineers from NASA and academia. The concept and scope were based on key mission and science requirements designed to address the question: “What makes a flight mission to an exoplanet compelling, in terms of science return, compared to what we will be able to learn in the next few decades with large near-Earth telescopes or other remote sensing techniques such as a telescope at the Solar Gravity Lens Focus?” By thinking systematically through mission and science goals and objectives, key requirements were developed that would drive technology developments in all necessary aspects, not just on propulsion. Unique science measurements would be performed en route to the exoplanet, including exploring the environment in the outer regions of our solar system, the Oort Cloud, the local interstellar medium, and the astrospheric environment around the host star. One of the key mission science objectives, and one that addresses why a mission to an exoplanet is compelling, was to confirm and characterize life. This objective is fundamental and drives the need for a precursor exoplanet characterization program to search for Earth-centric biosignatures and also drives key aspects of the mission concept. The team concluded that a direct confirmation of life would require in situ observations and measurements which cannot be performed on a fast (~10% of the speed of light) flyby; thus, the mission would require a method to slow down, orbit, or send a probe to the exoplanet’s surface. This capability drives a trade between interstellar travel velocity, trip duration, and propulsion architecture, as well as a high level of onboard autonomy, including adaptive science data collection, on-board data processing, and analysis. This paper describes our mission concept, the key requirements, and open trades.

Published
2017

44. Anomalous Flux in the Cosmic Optical Background Detected with New Horizons Observations

Author

Lauer, Tod R., primary, Postman, Marc, additional, Spencer, John R., additional, Weaver, Harold A., additional, Stern, S. Alan, additional, Gladstone, G. Randall, additional, Binzel, Richard P., additional, Britt, Daniel T., additional, Buie, Marc W., additional, Buratti, Bonnie J., additional, Cheng, Andrew F., additional, Grundy, W. M., additional, Horányi, Mihaly, additional, Kavelaars, J. J., additional, Linscott, Ivan R., additional, Lisse, Carey M., additional, McKinnon, William B., additional, McNutt, Ralph L., additional, Moore, Jeffrey M., additional, Núñez, J. I., additional, Olkin, Catherine B., additional, Parker, Joel W., additional, Porter, Simon B., additional, Reuter, Dennis C., additional, Robbins, Stuart J., additional, Schenk, Paul M., additional, Showalter, Mark R., additional, Singer, Kelsi N., additional, Verbiscer, Anne. J., additional, and Young, Leslie A., additional

Published
2022
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45. Science Goals and Mission Concept for a Landed Investigation of Mercury

Author

Ernst, Carolyn M., primary, Chabot, Nancy L., additional, Klima, Rachel L., additional, Kubota, Sanae, additional, Rogers, Gabe, additional, Byrne, Paul K., additional, Hauck, Steven A., additional, Vander Kaaden, Kathleen E., additional, Vervack, Ronald J., additional, Besse, Sébastien, additional, Blewett, David T., additional, Denevi, Brett W., additional, Goossens, Sander, additional, Indyk, Stephen J., additional, Izenberg, Noam R., additional, Johnson, Catherine L., additional, Jozwiak, Lauren M., additional, Korth, Haje, additional, McNutt, Ralph L., additional, Murchie, Scott L., additional, Peplowski, Patrick N., additional, Raines, Jim M., additional, Rampe, Elizabeth B., additional, Thompson, Michelle S., additional, and Weider, Shoshana Z., additional

Published
2022
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