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Data sharing is central to the rapid translation of research into advances in clinical medicine and public health practice. In the context of COVID-19, there has been a rush to share data marked by an explosion of population-specific and discipline-specific resources for collecting, curating, and disseminating participant-level data. We conducted a scoping review and cross-sectional survey to identify and describe COVID-19-related platforms and registries that harmonise and share participant-level clinical, omics (eg, genomic and metabolomic data), imaging data, and metadata. We assess how these initiatives map to the best practices for the ethical and equitable management of data and the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) principles for data resources. We review gaps and redundancies in COVID-19 data-sharing efforts and provide recommendations to build on existing synergies that align with frameworks for effective and equitable data reuse. We identified 44 COVID-19-related registries and 20 platforms from the scoping review. Data-sharing resources were concentrated in high-income countries and siloed by comorbidity, body system, and data type. Resources for harmonising and sharing clinical data were less likely to implement FAIR principles than those sharing omics or imaging data. Our findings are that more data sharing does not equate to better data sharing, and the semantic and technical interoperability of platforms and registries harmonising and sharing COVID-19-related participant-level data needs to improve to facilitate the global collaboration required to address the COVID-19 crisis.

The FAIR Guiding Principles, published in 2016, aim to improve the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability of digital research objects for both humans and machines. Until now the FAIR principles have been mostly applied to research data. The ideas behind these principles are, however, also directly relevant to research software. Hence there is a distinct need to explore how the FAIR principles can be applied to software. In this work, we aim to summarize the current status of the debate around FAIR and software, as basis for the development of community-agreed principles for FAIR research software in the future. We discuss what makes software different from data with regard to the application of the FAIR principles, and which desired characteristics of research software go beyond FAIR. Then we present an analysis of where the existing principles can directly be applied to software, where they need to be adapted or reinterpreted, and where the definition of additional principles is required. Here interoperability has proven to be the most challenging principle, calling for particular attention in future discussions. Finally, we outline next steps on the way towards definite FAIR principles for research software.

Infection triggers large-scale changes in the phenotype and function of T cells that are critical for immune clearance, yet the gene regulatory mechanisms that control these changes are largely unknown. Using ChIP-seq for specific histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), we mapped the dynamics of ∼25,000 putative CD8+T cell transcriptional enhancers (TEs) differentially utilized during virus-specific T cell differentiation. Interestingly, we identified a subset of dynamically regulated TEs that exhibited acquisition of a non-canonical (H3K4me3+) chromatin signature upon differentiation. This unique TE subset exhibited characteristics of poised enhancers in the naive CD8+T cell subset and demonstrated enrichment for transcription factor binding motifs known to be important for virus-specific CD8+T cell differentiation. These data provide insights into the establishment and maintenance of the gene transcription profiles that define each stage of virus-specific T cell differentiation.

Andrew Scott, Running on Empty, Pluto Press, 2000, pp 330, $32.95Carol Johnson, Governing Change Keating to Howard, University of Queensland Press in association with the API network, 2000, pp v + 175, pb $29.95Marian Simms and John Warhurst (eds), Howard's Agenda: The 1998 Australian Election, University of Queensland Press, pp xxi + 260, pb $29.95Charles Fox, Fighting Back: The Politics of the Unemployed in Victoria in the Great Depression, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2000, pp 296, pb $32.95.Bill Pritchard and Phil McManus (eds), Land of Discontent: The Dynamics of Change in Rural and Regional Australia, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, 2000, pb $32.95.Robert Paddle, The Last Tasmanian Tiger: The History and Extinction of the Thylacine, Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp 273, hb $49.95Elaine Brown, Cooloola Coast Noosa to Fraser Island: The Aboriginal and Settler Histories of a Unique Environment, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 2000, pb $40.00.Kate Deverall, Rebecca Huntley, Penny Sharpe and Jo Tilly (eds), Party Girls: Labor Women Now, Sydney, Pluto Press, 2000, pp xix + 293, pb $32.95.John Ritchie, The Wenhvorths: Father and Son, Miegunyah Press (Melbourne University Press), Melbourne, 1997, pp xvi + 311, hb $39.95.Garrie Hutchinson (ed), Australian Football League's Hall of Fame, HarperSports, 2000, 160pp, hb $32.95.Ian Tyrrell, Deadly Enemies: Tobacco and its Opponents in Australia, Sydney, University of New South Wales Press, 1999, pp 271, pb $32.95.Carmel Bird (ed), The Penguin Century of Australian Short Stories, Penguin Books Australia, Ringwood, 2000, pp 848, pb $25.00/hb $49.27Clinton Walker, Buried Country: The Story of Aboriginal Country Music, Pluto Press, Annandale, 2000, pp350, pb $30.00Sian Rees, The Floating Brothel, Hodder Headline, London, 2001, pp 264, pb $27.95Brian Matthews, A Fine and Private Place, Pan Macmillian, 2000, pb $28.00.Eric Rolls, Australia: a Biography The Beginnings from the Cosmos to the Genesis of Gondwana, and its Rivers, Forests, Flora, Fauna and Fecundity, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 2000, pp 320, pb $35.00.Robert A Hall, Combat Battalion: The Eighth Battalion in Vietnam, Allen & Unwin, St Leonards, 2000, pp 308, pb $29.95.Peter A Jackson and Gerard Sullivan (eds), Multicultural Queer: Australian Narratives, Haworth Press, New York, 1999, pp 233, pb $36.00Christopher Cunneen: William John McKell, Boilermaker, Premier, Governor General, University of New South Wales Press, 2000; 272 pp, pb $39.95Margaret Harris (ed) The Magic Phrase: Critical Essays on Christina Stead, University of Queensland Press, 2000, pb $32.95Henri Gilbert, A Frenchman's Walk Across the Nullarbor: Henri Gilbert's Diary, Perth to Brisbane, 1897-1899. Translated and edited by Colin Dyer. Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 2000, pp 208, hb $29.95.Simon Ville: The Rural Entrepreneurs: a History of the Stock and Station Agent Industry in Australia and New Zealand, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp xii + 259, hb $49.95Jane Lydon, Many Inventions: The Chinese in the Rocks 1890 — 1930, Monash Publications in History, Clayton, 1999, pp 276, pb $22.00.Helen Gilbert, Tseen Khoo & Jacqueline Lo (eds), Diaspora: Negotiating Asian-Australia, University of Queensland Press, 2000, pp 245, pb $24.95.Tara Brabazon, Tracking the Jack: a Retracing of the Antipodes, University of New South Wales Press, 2000, pp vii + 214 pb $34.95.Ouyang Yu (ed), Otherland Literary Journal/Yuanxiang, vol 6, no 1, June 2000.Ien Ang, Sharon Chalmers, Lisa Law and Mandy Thomas (eds), Alter/Asians: Asian-Australian Identities in Art, Media and Popular Culture, Pluto Press, Annandale, 2000, pp 323, $32.95.Helen Topliss (ed), Earth Fire Water Air: Anne Dangar's Letters to Grace Crowley 1930-1951, Allen & Unwin, pp 366, hb $55.00.Julian Watkinson, The Architect, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 2000, pb $28The making and unmaking of white feminist privilegeAileen Moreton-Robinson, Talkin' Up to the White Woman: Indigenous Women and Feminism, University of Queensland Press, 2000. pp.xxv +234, $22.00Joy Damousi and Katherine Ellinghaus (eds), Citizenship, Women and Social Justice: International Historical Perspectives. History Department, University of Melbourne, 1999. pp.iv +435,John Docker and Gerhard Fischer (eds), Race, Colour and Identity in Australia and New Zealand. University of New South Wales Press, 2000. pp. xiii+288, $35.00

For many severely handicapped children requiring external trunk support there is probably no better solution than to provide custom moulded seating. This will improve the patient's posture, reduce the occurrence of pressure sores and facilitate such activities as feeding. However, if large numbers of patients are to be supplied with this type of equipment, it is important that it should be manufactured at the lowest cost compatible with an acceptable quality.These manufacturing problems have been studied in considerable detail and a production method using vacuum consolidation casting together with a modified vacuum forming process has been developed. This has made it possible to produce custom moulded seating efficiently with the minimum of capital equipment. Much attention has been paid to the final appearance of the article and this has been enhanced by the use of commercially available items for the supporting structure and for the finishing of edges, etc.It is suggested that other orthoses could be redesigned for production using an approach similar to that described in this paper.

The Australian Welfare State. By M. A. Jones. George Allen and Unwin, Sydney 1980. pp. viii + 244. $22.50 cloth, $ 10.95 paper.The Condition of the People. Social Welfare in Australia 1900-1975. By Ronald Mendelsohn. George Allen and Unwin, Sydney 1979. pp. 361. $24.00 cloth (with Statistical Appendix), $10.95 paper.No Charity There. A Short History of Social Welfare in Australia. By Brian Dickey. Thomas Nelson Australia, Melbourne 1980. pp. xix + 252. $9.95.The Australian People and the Great War. By Michael McKernan. Nelson, Melbourne 1980. pp. vi + 242. $19.95.Our War. By Brian Lewis. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne 1980. pp. iii + 336 $18.60.Women, Class and History: Feminist Perspectives on Australia 1788-1978. Edited by Elizabeth Windschuttle. Fontana/Collins, Sydney 1980. pp. ix + 604. $9.95.My Dear P.M.: R. G. Casey's Letters to S. M. Bruce, 1924-1929. Edited by W.J. Hudson and Jane North. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1980. pp. xxiv + 578. $30.00.Diplomatic Witness: Australian Foreign Affairs 1941-1947. By Paul Hasluck. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne 1980. pp. 306. $25.00.Australians and Egypt 1914-1919. By Suzanne Brugger. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne 1980. pp. 178. $17.60.Australia and the League of Nations. By W. J. Hudson. Sydney University Press in association with the Australian Institute of International Affairs, Sydney 1980. pp. ix + 224. $22.50.A Dream of Islands; voyages of self-discovery in the South Seas, By Gavan Daws. Jacaranda Press, Brisbane 1980. pp. xiv + 289. $12.95.Viceroy of the Pacific. The Majesty of Colour. A Life of Sir John Bates Thurston. By Deryck Scarr. Pacific Research Monograph, no. 4, Australian National University, Canberra 1980, pp. xvii + 334.Sir George Arthur, Bart 1784-1854. By A. G. L. Shaw. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne 1980. pp. xv + 307. $24.50.A Slave to Duty: Portrait Sketch of Sir George Arthur, Bart P.C., K.C.H. By. S. W. Jackman. Hawthorn Press, Melbourne 1979. pp. 152. $16.50.A Settlement Amply Supplied: Food Technology in Nineteenth Century Australia. By K. T. H. Farrer. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne 1980. pp. xiv + 332. $26.00.In the land of Kangaroos and Goldmines, a Frenchman's view of Australia in 1888. By Oscar Commetant, translated by Judith Armstrong. Rigby, Adelaide 1980. pp. 275. $9.95. First published Paris 1890.Convicts, Clergymen and Churches: Attitudes of convicts and ex-convicts towards the churches and clergy in New South Wales from 1788 to 1851. By Allan M. Grocott. Sydney University Press, Sydney 1980. pp. xiii + 327. $20.00.Yesterday's News. A History of the Newspaper Press in New South Wales from 1920 to 1945. By R. B. Walker. Sydney University Press, Sydney 1980. pp. xi + 243. $18.00.Darwin 1942: Australia's Darkest Hour. By Timothy Hall. Methuen, Sydney 1980. pp. 224. $10.95.Dictionary of Australian History. By John Larkins. Rigby, Adelaide 1980. pp. 226. $9.95.Little Moscows: Communism and Working-Class Militancy in Inter-war Britain. By Stuart Macintyre. Croom Helm, London 1980. pp. 213. £11.95.The Death of Woman Wang: Rural Life in China in the Seventeenth Century. By Jonathan D. Spence. Penguin, Harmondsworth 1980. pp. xix + 169. $4.95. First published 1978.

THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE GREAT BARRIER REEF, QUATERNARY DEVELOPMENT OF CORAL REEFS by David Hopley. xiv and 453 pages, plates, text figures, tables. Wiley -- New York 1982 (ISBN 0 471 04562 4) $A95.95ATLAS OF VICTORIA edited by J. S. Duncan. 30 by 41 cm, xv and 239 pages, text figures, tables, plates. Victorian Government -- Melbourne 1982 (ISBN 0 7241 8255 1) $A39.95STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN AUSTRALIA: Some Spatial and Organisational Responses edited by G. J. R. Linge and J. McKay. 17 by 24 cm, xvii and 329 pages, tables, text figures. Publication HG/15(1981), Department of Human Geography, Australian National University. Australian National University Press -- Canberra 1981 (ISBN 0 86784 022 6) $A11.95 limpBUYING AND RENTING: Household Moves in Adelaide by H. Kendig. 17 by 25 cm, xviii and 183 pages, tables, text figures, maps and photographs. AIUS Publication No. 91 -- Canberra 1981 (ISBN 0 909733 77 5) $7.50 limpAN ISSUE OF PEOPLE: Population and Australian Society by R. Birrell and T. Birrell. 14 by 21 cm, xvi and 277 pages, tables. Longman Cheshire -- Melbourne 1981 (ISBN 0 582 71087 1) $A9.95 limpOUTDOOR RECREATION: AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVES edited by D. Mercer. 19 by 26 cm, 171 pages, tables, text figures. Sorrett Publishing -- Malvern 1981 (ISBN 0 909752 81 8)BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS IN GEOGRAPHY REVISED edited by K. Cox and R. Golledge. 13 by 21 cm, xxix and 290 pages, tables, text figures. Methuen -- New York 1981 (ISBN 0 416 72440 X) $A16.75 limpPOLITICAL GEOGRAPHY: A Contemporary Perspective by R. D. Dikshit. 24 by 18 cm, xviii and 268 pages, tables, text figures. Tata McGraw-Hill -- New Delhi 1982 (ISBN 0 07 096398 3) $A18.20 limpQUANTITATIVE GEOGRAPHY: A British View edited by N. Wrigley and R. Bennett. 19 by 25 cm, vi and 419 pages, tables, text figures. Routlege and Kegan Paul -- London 1982 (ISBN 0 7100 0731 0) £30.00APPLIED GEOGRAPHY: Practice, Problems and Prospects by M. Sant. 19 by 24 cm, xi and 152 pages, tables, text figures. Longman -- Melbourne 1982 (ISBN 0 582 30041 X) $A16.70 limpPOPULATION AND TECHNOLOGY by E. Boserup. 16 by 24 cm, xi and 255 pages, tables. Blackwell -- Oxford 1981 (ISBN 0 631 12817 4) £9.95INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION AND LOCATION by P. McDermott and M. Taylor. 25 by 18 cm, vii and 226 pages, tables, text figures. Cambridge University Press 1982 (ISBN 0 521 24671 7) $A62.00THE GEOGRAPHY OF MULTINATIONALS edited by Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift. 14 by 22 cm, 338 pages, text figures, tables. Croom Helm -- London 1982 (ISBN 0 7099 2403 8) $A30.25THE IMPACT OF RECESSION by A. R. Townsend. 22 by 14 cm, 225 pages, text figures, tables. Croom Helm -- London 1983 (ISBN 0 7099 2417 8) $A24.95THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOUSING by L. S. Bourne. 15 by 23 cm, 288 pages, tables, text figures. Edward Arnold -- London 1981 (ISBN 0 7131 6340 2) $A19.75AN ATLAS OF RURAL PROTEST IN BRITAIN 1548-1900 edited by A. Charlesworth. 24 by 16 cm, 197 pages, maps. Croom Helm -- London 1983 (ISBN 0 7099 0703 6) $A30.25THE GEOGRAPHY OF URBAN CRIME by D. Herbert. 15 by 23cm, xii and 120 pages, tables, text figures. Longman -- London 1982 (ISBN 0 582 30046 0) $A13.90 limpVALUED ENVIRONMENTS edited by J. R. Gold and J. Burgess. 16 by 24 cm, xi and 206 pages, text figures, plates. Allen and Unwin -- London 1982 (ISBN 0 04 710001 X) $A41.95CLIMATE HISTORY AND THE MODERN WORLD by H. H. Lamb. 16 by 24 cm, xix and 387 pages, plates, text figures, tables. Methuen -- London 1982 (ISBN 0 416 33440 7) $A26.95 limpTHE NATURE OF GEOMORPHOLOGY by Alistair F. Pitty. 15 by 23 cm, 161 pages, text figures, tables. Methuen -- London 1982 (ISBN 0 416 32120 8) £3.95 limpGEOMORPHOLOGY IN ARID REGIONS edited by D. O. Doehring. 15.5 by 23.5 cm, 272 pages, plates, text figures, tables. Allen and Unwin -- London 1977 (ISBN 0 04 551041 5) $A35.00ADJUSTMENTS OF THE FLUVIAL SYSTEM edited by D. D. Rhodes and G. P. Williams, ix and 372 pages, plates, text figures, tables. Allen and Unwin -- Boston 1982 (ISBN 0 04 551059 8) $A44.00UNDERSTANDING MAPS by J. S. Keates. 16 by 23 cm, xi and 139 pages, text figures, tables. Longman -- London 1982 (ISBN 0 582 30039 8) $A16.70GEOGRAPHY AND MARXISM by M. Quaini. 14 by 21 cm, 204 pages, text figure. Blackwell -- Oxford 1982 (ISBN 0 631 12565 5) $A5.50 limp; $A12.95 library edition.

Craig McGregor, Class in Australia, Penguin, 1997, pp viii + 327, $24.95 pbA G L Shaw, A History of the Port Phillip District of Victoria Before Separation, The Miegunyah Press, 1996, pp 334, $49.95, hbJohn Warhurst (ed.), Keeping the Bastards Honest, Allen and Unwin, 1997, pp 314, $29.95 pbEric Rolls, Citizens: Flowers and the Wide Sea, University of Queensland Press, 1996, $29.95, pp 631, pbTom Griffiths and Libby Robin (eds), Ecology and Empire: Environmental History of Settler Societies, Melbourne University Press, 1997, pp 248, $29.95Malcolm Gillies (ed), Northern Exposures: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Symposium of the Australian Academy of the Humnanities, Occasional Paper 19, Australian Academy of the Humanities, 1997, pp 139 + colour plates, $24.95, pbGrace Karskens, The Rocks: Life in Early Sydney, Melbourne University Press, 1997, pp 287 + index, $34.95 hbMalcolm Campbell, The Kingdom of the Ryans: The Irish in Southwest New South Wales, 1816-1890, University of New South Wales Press, 1997, pp 210, $35.00, pbJenny Gregory, Building a Tradition: A History of Scotch College, Perth, 1897-1996, University of Western Australia Press, 1996, pp 576, $48.00.Bruce Scates, A New Australia: Citizenship, Radicalism and the First Republic, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp vii + 261, illustrations and index, $29.95 pb, $90.00 hbThea Astley, Collected Stories, University of Queensland Press, 1997, pp 342, $17.95, pb

Jill Barnard, Jenny Keating, Plus Ca Change. The Sad History of The 'People's Playground', Albert Park. Chandos, Burwood, 1996, pp. 222, $25.Peter Read, Returning to Nothing: the Meaning of Lost Places, Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. xiv + 240, $29.95.John Dargavel, Fashioning Australia's Forests, Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. xvi + 312, $39.95.Steve Mullins, Torres Strait: A History of Colonial Occupation and Culture Contact 1864-1897, Central Queensland University Press, Rockhampton, 1995, pp. viii + 240, $19.95.Lynnette Peel (ed), The Henty Journals. A Record of Farming, Whaling and Shipping in Portland Bay, 1834-1839, The Miegunyah Press, Melbourne, in association with The State Library of Victoria, 1996, pp. xi + 297, hardcover, $49.95.Graham Seal, The Outlaw Legend: A Cultural Tradition in Britain, America and Australia, Cambridge University ress, Oakleigh, 1996, pp. xvi + 246, $90, hardback. $29.95, paperback.Ken Stewart, (ed). The 1890s: Australian Literature and Literary Culture, University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, 1996, xii + 379 pages, $26.95.Lachlan Strahan, Australia's China: Changing Perceptions From The 1930s to the 1991s, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 376, $34.95.Jan Gothard (ed), Asian Orientations: Studies in Western Australian History, Centre for Western Australian History, University of Western Australia, No.16, 1995, pp. viii + 183, $15.Sang Ye, The Year the Dragon Came, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 1996, pp. x + 204, $18.95.D. O'Connor, No need to be afraid: Italian settlers in South Australia between 1839 and the Second World War, Wakefield Press, Kent Town (SA), 1996, pp. 283, $24.95.Alan Powell, War by Stealth: Australians and the Allied Intelligence Bureau 1942-1945, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1996, pp. xix + 403. $59.95.Geoffrey Serle, Robin Boyd: A Life, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1996, pp. 352, $29.95.Shirley Fitzgerald and Garry Wotherspoon (eds), Minorities: Cultural Diversity in Sydney, State Library of New South Wales Press/Sydney History Group, Sydney, 1995, pp. 216, $24.95.Neil Boyack, Simon Colvey, See Through, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 1996, pp. 250, $16.95.

As research in the biological sciences continues to advance at a rapid pace, it is increasingly important that the data be captured, standardized, organized, and made accessible to the scientific community. This is the job of a biocurator. Here we describe the process of biocuration from our perspective as FlyBase curators.

This paper describes an alternative approach to seating the cerebral palsied child, and presents the development and use of a seating system primarily designed to seat the cerebral palsied child during functional therapy.

An algorithm is presented which can be applied to Reed-Massey algorithm codes and utilises orthogonal and non-orthogonal check sums with a resulting improved performance. The algorithm is applied to a well-known class of convolutional threshold codes with a subsequent improvement in the nonbounded error-correcting capability.

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of planning and arranging his allotment plot.