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BACKGROUND: No biological treatment has been firmly established for the at-risk stage of psychotic disorder. In this study we aim to test if subthreshold psychotic symptoms can be effectively treated with cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound of the plant Cannabis sativa. The question has taken on increased importance in the wake of evidence questioning both the need and efficacy of specific pharmacological interventions in the ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis group. METHODS: Three-arm randomized controlled trial of 405 patients (135 per arm) aged 12-25 years who meet UHR for psychosis criteria. The study includes a 6-week lead-in phase during which 10% of UHR individuals are expected to experience symptom remission. Participants will receive CBD (per oral) at doses 600 or 1000 mg per day (fixed schedule) for 12 weeks. Participants in the third arm of the trial will receive matching placebo capsules. Primary outcome is severity of positive psychotic symptoms as measured by the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States at 12 weeks. We hypothesize that CBD will be significantly more effective than placebo in improving positive psychotic symptoms in UHR patients. All participants will also be followed up 6 months post baseline to evaluate if treatment effects are sustained. CONCLUSION: This paper reports on the rationale and protocol of the Cannabidiol for At Risk for psychosis Youth (CanARY) study. This study will test CBD for the first time in the UHR phase of psychotic disorder.

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Sustainability learning is holistic and complex as it draws on diverse disciplines and can be interpreted differently within individual pedagogies. Embedding sustainability across and within business schools relies on developing suitable boundary objects. These may include representations such as models, frameworks or classificatory schemes that are malleable enough to be adapted for use within the disparate disciplines and pedagogies, yet durable enough to be recognisable and to maintain consistency across them. Boundary objects thus allow the sharing of ways of knowing or practice across various social boundaries. This paper outlines how participatory curriculum development processes can enable sustainability to be embedded in a business school curriculum. Distinct phases of the process were marked by different ways of knowing, as disciplinary-specific academics developed and embedded sustainability into and across curricula. Boundary objects were both outcomes and productive facilitators of this process. They acted as catalysts and attracted ongoing processes of dialogue, debate and meaning-making between these academics. The institutional context provided enabling conditions to legitimize outcomes from the participatory process. The process may be replicable in other business schools by the use of boundary objects.

Much of the literature concerned with the politics of rising tides is about the involvement of states and others in the processes of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its annual Conference of the Parties (COP). Although non-state actors, including international non-government organizations (NGOs), are acknowledged as being part of these processes, it has often been claimed that the voices of local NGOs are absent from debates on vulnerability and resilience, as though there were no debates taking place elsewhere. This chapter addresses this absence by explicitly acknowledging that rising sea levels and the consequent changes to local lives are the focus of discussions beyond the UNFCCC. It shows how the politics of vulnerability is clear in messages around mitigation of climate change, where the audiences are foreign governments, institutions at a transnational level, and activists and interested citizens from around the world. It explores the politics of resilience in messages about adaptation to climate change, disseminated by and through local NGOs, sometimes in collaboration with international NGOs, where the key audience is the population of island states. The focus here is on small island developing states (SIDS) in the Pacific, the engagement of their local NGOs with issues of sea level rise and their involvement with other organizations and alliances, including the international NGOs, specifically the Pacific Calling Partnership (PCP) and the Climate Action Network (CAN). CAN is a worldwide organization that aims to promote government and individual actions on climate change, through information flow and the coordination of strategies on climate issues from local to international levels. It operates at the regional level through hubs such as the Pacific Island Climate Action Network (PICAN) and through coordinating local NGOs, through organizations such Kiribati Climate Action Network (KiriCAN) and Tuvalu Climate Action n

© 2018 by the author(s). The contributions of small local non-government organisations (NGOs) in countries at risk from climate change to knowledge creation and action on climate change are rarely considered. This study sought to remedy this by focusing on NGOs in member countries of the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF). Analysing data from Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), NGO websites and email correspondence with NGO staff through a knowledge brokering typology, this study examines the ways in which local NGOs in five members of the CVF (Afghanistan, Bhutan, Kiribati, Nepal and Tuvalu) take action, generate new knowledge and understandings and contribute to the plans and actions of their government and the international community. The study found that local NGOs are involved in the creation of new knowledge both at the scientific and community level and engage in actions to support adaptation to climate change. However, there are differences in the approaches they take when making contributions to scientific knowledge and climate change debates. The findings of this study suggest the need to reconceptualise the role of local NGOs in small countries at risk from climate change.

© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are a dynamic class of new psychoactive substances (NPS), with novel chemotypes emerging each year. Following the putative detection of 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA in Australia in 2016, the scaffold-hopping SCRAs 5F-CUMYL-PICA, 5F-CUMYL-PINACA, and 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–MS (LC–QTOF–MS). Since little is known of the pharmacology of 7-azaindole SCRAs like 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA, the binding affinities and functional activities of all compounds at cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2, respectively) were assessed using tritiated radioligand competition experiments and fluorescence-based plate reader membrane potential assays. Despite CB1 binding affinities differing by over two orders of magnitude (Ki = 2.95–174 nM), all compounds were potent and efficacious CB1 agonists (EC50 = 0.43–4.7 nM), with consistent rank order for binding and functional activity (5F-CUMYL-PINACA >5F-CUMYL-PICA >5F-CUMYL-P7AICA). Additionally, 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA was found to exert potent cannabimimetic effects in mice, inducing hypothermia (6°C, 3 mg/kg) through a CB1-dependent mechanism.