Search

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habit of either diarrhoea, constipation or both. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and incompletely understood.The role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of IBS is supported by various evidences.These are differences in mucosal and faecal microbiota between patients with IBS and healthy individuals,development of post-infectious IBS and the efficacy of some probiotics and nonsystemic antibiotics such as Rifaximin. Previous study showed resetting microbial diversity via Rifaximin use may lead to a decrease in bacterial fermentation and a reduction in the clinical symptoms of IBS. This study is designed to assess efficacy of Rifaximin in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Rifaximin in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome patient. Materials and Methods: This quasi experimental study was conducted on patients aged 18-55 years with IBS-D in department of Gastroenterology, BSMMU during the period of September, 2020 to August, 2021. Results: There was significant improvement on abdominal pain(p

In this study, a hydrogel composite based on natural jute fiber (JF) has been prepared and employed for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel was synthesized by thermal polymerization in presence of N,N□-methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA) as the cross-linker and potassium per sulfate (KPS) as the initiator. JF reinforced hydrogel (JFRH) composite was prepared by incorporating JF into PAAm matrix prior to the polymerization. The prepared JFRH was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. It was found that, JFRH composite demonstrated strong mechanical properties with a compressive strength of 1.5 MPa at a deformation of above 80%. The prepared JFRH composite can remove more than 90% of MB from an aqueous solution and be separated easily from the solution after the adsorption process. Therefore, the synthesized JF based hydrogel composite could significantly expand the use of our natural golden fiber for reinforcement of composite materials and removal of dyes from water bodies. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 70(2): 59-64, 2022 (July)

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared from the graphite electrode of waste dry cells, and the application of the prepared GO as a potential adsorbent for rapid and effective removal of an antibiotic, azithromycin (AZM), has been investigated. The synthesis process of GO is very simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. As-prepared GO is characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller sorptometry, and zeta potential analysis. The obtained GO has been employed for removal of the widely used AZM antibiotic from an aqueous solution. The quantitative analysis of AZM before and after adsorption has been carried out by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The adsorption of AZM by GO was performed in a batch of experiments where the effects of adsorbent (GO) dose, solution pH, temperature, and contact time were investigated. Under optimum conditions (pH = 7.0, contact time = 15 min, and adsorbent dose = 0.25 g/L), 98.8% AZM was removed from the aqueous solution. The rapid and effective removal of AZM was significantly controlled by the electrostatic attractions and hydrogen bonding on the surface of GO. Adsorption isotherms of AZM onto GO were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model, while the kinetic data were fitted perfectly with the pseudo-second order. Therefore, the simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly synthesis of GO from waste material could be applicable to fabricate an effective and promising low-cost adsorbent for removal of AZM from aqueous media.

Human resource management (HRM) practices can have a big impact on how well employees perform in the aspects of both in-role and extra-role performance. The impact of various HRM methods, notably the digitization of HRM practices, on the in-role and extra-role performance of employees working in the ready-made garment business has not yet been examined in the context of Bangladesh. Therefore, this study's main objective was to investigate the impact of human resource management digitalization on employees' in-role and extra-role performance in the context of Bangladeshi ready-made garment (RMG) enterprises. Using the 25th version of the Statistical Package for The Social Sciences (SPSS), the study investigated the opinions of the employees working in various departments of RMG companies in Bangladesh. It sought to determine how certain digitalized HRM practices, particularly e-recruitment and selection, e-training and development, e-performance appraisal and management, e-compensation management, e-complaints management, e-communication management, e-career management, etc., have an impact on both in-role and extra-role employee performances. Findings of this study indicated that, though certain digitalized HRM practices like e-compensation management and e-career impact significantly on employee extra-role performance they contribute insignificantly on employee in-role performance. Additionally, it has been found that e-performance appraisal management has a significant positive impact on the in-role performance of the employees. The study also made an effort to advise management body of the RMG firms to digitalize some HRM procedures that can improve employee and organizational performance.

Background: The scapulothorasic joint plays an important role in overall shoulder function by providing a stable base for glenohumeral rotation. Snapping scapula syndrome, a likely under diagnosed condition, can produce significant shoulder dysfunction in many patients. Because the precise origin is difficult to understand, sometimes mimic with shoulder pain. Dysfunctioning of any of muscles, ligament, bursa may cause abnormal scapular motion and predispose to scapulothoracic joint disorders. Accurate recognition of the syndrome may lead to prompt and long-term relief of symptoms by conservative or noninvesiveintervension treatment.Results:The causes of scapulothoracic bursitis and crepitus include direct or indirect trauma, overuse syndromes, glenohumeral joint dysfunction, boney abnormalities, muscle microtrauma or atrophy or fibrosis, and idiopathic causes. Scapulothoracic bursitis and crepitus remain primarily clinical diagnoses. However, imaging studies or local injections may also be helpful. The initial treatment of scapulothoracic bursitis and scapulothoracic crepitus should be conservative. Intevension procedure is best for treating modalitis for scapulothoracic dysfunction, most reports have demonstrated well to excellent outcomes in a significantly high percentage of patients.Conclusions:Clearly, the best initial approach to these conditions is a conservative treatment like nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs plan that combines scapular strengthening, postural reeducation, and core strength endurance. If an appropriate trial of nonoperative management proves unsuccessful, local non invesiveintervension can produce good results.

Cancer is a fatal disorder that affects people across the globe, yet existing therapeutics are ineffective. The development of submicrometer transport for optimizing the biodistribution of systemically provided medications is the focus of nanomedicine. Nanoparticle- (NP-) based treatments may enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches to combat this deadly disorder. In multifunctional, multimodal imaging, and drug delivery carriers, NPs generally play a major role. They have emerged as potential strategies for the invention of innovative therapeutic procedures in the last decade. The exponential growth of nanotechnologies in recent years has increased public awareness of the application of these innovative therapeutic approaches. Many tumor-targeted nanomedicines have been studied in cancer therapy, and there is clear evidence for a significant improvement in the therapeutic index of antineoplastic drugs. Age-related factors such as metabolic and physiological alterations in old age and inadequate animal models are currently understudied in nanomedicine and pharmacology. This review highlighted the most important targeting approaches, as well as public awareness, therapeutic advancements, and future prospects in age-related metabolic variations, and tumor-targeted nanomedicine studies.

Globally, health promotion measures have been undertaken in preventing the emergence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, whether these measures influence public awareness and behaviors is unclear and evidence is limited in particular in low-and-middle income country. We conducted an online survey among internet users in Bangladesh to understand the status and attributes of their knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 during second wave of the pandemic when COVID educational information was more accessible to the public. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of 964 respondents, 40.2%, 51.5%, and 64.3% had good knowledge, confident attitudes, and proper practices towards COVID-19, respectively. The multivariate regression analysis found that the knowledge and practice scores were associated (p

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is the most common medical problem in the world. Undoubtedly one of the major problems among both Middle and high-aged people is low back pain. Especially among the office-going class. This study focuses on whether social status and low back pain in middle age people have a relationship. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the Socioeconomic Inequalities of Low Back Pain in Middle Age Income People. Methods: The data of this study were collected between July 2017 to June 2018 among the people of Bangladesh who were aged over 45 and above and all of them were functionally independent. To be exact, the number of Studies was 101 people. With a robust variance estimator, the relationship between socio-economic status and low back pain was investigated using multilevel Poisson regression analysis. The dependent variable was self-reported cases of low back pain in the previous year. Educational attainment, but occupation, equivalent household income, wealth, and subjective economic situation Where are the indicators of socioeconomic status. These indicators were independently and separately analyzed as an independent variable after regulating for covariants such as age and gender. Statistical analyses of the result were obtained by using Windows-based computer software devised with Statistical pages for social science (SPSS-24). Result & Conclusions: Significant socioeconomic despair of low back pain was observed among middle-income earning individuals in Bangladesh. The nature of these inequalities must be understood by physicians to come up with a proper solution and overcome this challenge.

With the improvement of living standards, everybody is very much conscious about the environmental protection and health safety. Natural dyes have attracted more attention to the industry due to exhibiting better biodegradability and more compatibility with the environment. Characteristic colours that are gathered from common assets can be categorized as either plant, creature, mineral, or microbial colours and can be used for colouring a wide range of regular filaments. Late examination shows that it can likewise be utilized to colour a portion of the manufactured filaments too. Normal colours are not just utilized in the shading of material filaments, they are also utilized for food, prescriptions, handiwork articles, and leather preparing. Extraction and purification play a vital role in the processing of natural dyes. There are different types of extraction process currently available for these natural dyes, such as solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction and fermentation, extraction with microwave or ultrasonic energy, supercritical fluid extraction, and alkaline or acid extraction. All these extraction processes have their own advantages as well as some drawbacks depending on the parameters that need to be maintained during the extraction process. Appropriate extraction can be beneficial for specific types of such dyes. In this paper, the classification, characteristics, extraction methods, and the application of natural dyes are introduced in an organized manner.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been successfully prepared usingCocos nuciferaleaf extract and investigated with their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and photocatalytic activity. The structural, compositional, and morphological properties of the NPs were recorded and studied systematically to confirm the synthesis. The aqueous suspension of NPs showed a UV-Vis. absorption maxima of 370 nm indicating primarily its formation. The XRD analysis identified the NPs with hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average particle size of 16.6 nm. The FTIR analysis identified some biomolecules and functional groups in the leaf extract as responsible for the encapsulation and stabilization of ZnO NPs. The EDX analysis showed the desired elemental compositions in the material. A flower-shaped morphology of ZnO NPs was observed by SEM with a grain size of around 15 nm. The optical properties of the NPs were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the band gap was calculated as 3.37 eV. The prepared ZnO NPs have demonstrated antimicrobial activity againstT. harzianum and S. aureuswith a ZOI (zone of inhibition) of 14 and 10 mm, respectively. The photocatalytic behavior of ZnO NPs showed absorbance degradation at around 640 nm and discolored methylene blue dye after one hour with a degradation maximum of 84.29 %. Thus, the prepared ZnO NPs could be used potentially in antibiotic development, pharmaceutical industries, and as photocatalysts.

application/pdf, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2022, 734, P.109487

Objectives: The aim of urodynamic testing is to obtain objective information regarding urinary bladder storage and voiding function. This investigation provides information of the underlying causes depending on the individual situation and findings. Materials and Methods: This Retrospective study of the UDS was conducted at Urology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2012 to April 2017. A total of 403 cases of urodynamic studies done. Patient age range was 10-85 years. Female Patient was only 41 and post operative cases was only six. Bladder dairy, Ultrasonography of Kidney, ureter, bladder with maximum cystometric capacity (MCC)and post void residue (PVR), Urine culture were done for most of the patient. Patient with indwelling catheter was remove and clean intermittent catheterization was demonstrated. There was no patient with pace maker or valve replacement. We didn’t use routine prophylactic antibiotics, Patients was advice to contact to UDS room physically or over telephone if they feel fever, retention, and other complications. Urodynamic tests include uroflowmetry, postvoid residual measurement, cystometric test, leak point pressure measurement, pressure flow study, and few cases with electromyography. Results: Among them most cases are equivocal and obstructive cases are ranked second about 68 cases (16.87 These were Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), stricture urethra, atonic bladder, and dysfunctional voiding. Only five patients had urinary tract infections (1.2%) with rise of temperature but only two had cultural positive and treated with sensitive antibiotics. Organism were streptococcus aureus and pseudomonus. One female and one male patient develop retention and relived by continuous catheterisation and after 7 days removed catheter. Conclusions: Urodynamics could help most diagnosis of LUTSs in most of the cases. We are not yet in using video urodynamics instead urethrocystoscopy may help in assessing the urethra and bladder neck. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2018 p.8-13

A facile and well-known synthetic strategy has been used to prepare two novel 8-hydroxyquinoline-based azo dyes to apply as a disperse dye to polyester fabric. In this method, 8-hydroxyquinoline possessing a “privileged structure” which is made up of two rings, a phenol ring fused with pyridine ring, has been coupled with diazonium salt obtained from 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene (Dye-I) and with the diazonium salt obtained from 4-chloro-aniline (Dye-II). The structure of the dyes has been confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. As-synthesized dyes are used as disperse to polyester fabric, and the dyed samples were characterized for color fastness to washing, light, rubbing, and perspiration. The fastness testing results indicate that the dyes have a good affinity to PET fabric as the dyed PET fabrics have moderate to excellent fastness to washing and light and very good fastness to rubbing and perspiration. The dyeing property of 8-hydroxyquinoline-based dyes is very promising and can be considered as the potential candidate to meet the actual demand of PET fabric dyeing in the textile industry.

The investigation of photodegradation of sunfix yellow dye in aqueous solution of sunfix yellow/ ZnO suspension by sunlight was found to be time dependent UV-visible spectrum photodegradation. The absorption peak for sunfix yellow was found at 415.5 nm in visible region while the absorption of sunfix yellow dye shows disintegrate trend with time and finally disappeared with the increase in irradiation time. The optimum time for the photodegradation of sunfix yellow dye was found to be 150 minutes as well as 96.64% of sunfix yellow dye was degraded after 150 minutes. The effect of photocatalyst concentration on photodegradation rate of sunfix yellow dye solution was observed by different concentration range of ZnO from 0.1 to 0.8 g/ 100 mL, with dye concentration 0.20 to 1.25 mg/ 100 mL at pH 2 to 11 of sunfix yellow dye solution. The maximum decrease in concentration of sunfix yellow dye solution was found for the 0.25 mg/ 100 mL during 150 minute of radiation. The optimum catalyst concentration was found to be 0.2 g/ 100 mL. pH of the suspension turned out to be an efficient factor for the photodegradation of sunfix yellow dye and the optimum pH was noticed to be 10.

Arsenic is abundant in the environment and takes the form of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic compounds. Arsenite has been reported to both promote and suppress erythropoietin (EPO) production and autophagy induction. EPO production is involved in hematopoiesis and autophagy induction is involved in cytoprotection, both of which are thought to be cellular responses to arsenic stress. While there are reports that show the effects of EPO on autophagy induction, the relationship between EPO production and autophagy induction is unclear. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of the pentavalent inorganic arsenic compound arsenate on EPO production and EPO-induced autophagy in HepG2 cells. Exposure of HepG2 cells to low-concentration arsenate was observed to increase EPO production and induced autophagy. Moreover, arsenate-induced ROS production was required to induce elevated EPO mRNA levels and autophagy. Both EPO production and autophagy induction contributed to protection from arsenate-induced cytotoxic stress. HepG2 cells expressed the EPO receptor and production of EPO by HepG2 cells acted in an autoregulatory manner to suppress autophagy induction. These results suggested that low-concentration arsenate promotes EPO production and autophagy induction in HepG2 cells, and the resultant EPO production contributes to cytoprotection of cultured cells via EPO receptor activation.

Scientists identified SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China. Soon after its identification, Covid-19 spreads almost everywhere. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Covid-19 outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Countries are facing multiple waves due to the different variants of the coronavirus. Personal preventive measures, vaccines, and antiviral drugs are the approaches to control Covid-19. However, these approaches are being implemented in different countries at different levels because of the availability of personal protective measures and antiviral agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of practicing measures to fight the Covid-19 pandemic. Here we searched relevant literature from PubMed and Scopus using the keywords such as personal protective measures, antiviral agents, and vaccine effectiveness. According to the present findings, protective measures were found comparatively less effective. Nevertheless, these measures can be used to limit the spreading of Covid-19. Antiviral agents can reduce the hospitalization rate and are more effective than personal protective measures. The most effective strategy against Covid-19 is early vaccination or multiple vaccination dose. The respective authorities should ensure equal distribution of vaccines, free availability of antiviral drugs, and personal protective measure in poor and developing countries. We recommend more studies to describe the effectiveness of practicing preventive measures and antiviral agents against recent variants of the coronavirus.

Overweight and obesity in people are epidemic in North America and internationally. In the United States, the number of overweight children and adolescents has doubled in the last two to three decades, and similar increasing rates are being observed worldwide, including developing countries as Bangladesh where an increase in Westernization of behavioral and dietary lifestyles is evident. Human diseases associated with overweight and obesity are similar in children as in the adult population. The main purpose of this study was to examine the association between overweight and obesity with human disease and other factors in Bangladesh. We have attempted to estimate the relationship between associated variables by using the Pearson Chi-Square test. It also showed how important an individual variable is by itself. The study also employed a statistical technique namely, logistic regression analysis which has been used to find out the association of overweight and obesity with human disease and other factors. We have seen that 16.96% people are overweight and 4.14% people are obese, i.e. 21.1% people are overweight or obese in Bangladesh. From the logistic regression analysis technique among the independent variables type of place of residence, Highest educational level, Wealth index, Current marital status, Ever had vaccination, Had fever in last two weeks, Had cough in last two weeks, Short, rapid breaths, Problem in the chest or blocked or running nose have significant effect on dependent variable BMI classification.

One-dimensional photonic crystals or multilayer films produce colors that change depending on viewing and light illumination angles because of the periodic refractive index variation in alternating layers that satisfy Bragg's law. Recently, we have developed multilayered photonic hydrogels of two distinct bulk geometries that possess an alternating structure of a rigid polymeric lamellar bilayer and a ductile polyacrylamide (PAAm) matrix. In this paper, we focus on fabrication of composite gels with variable photonic band gaps by controlling the PAAm layer thickness. We report programmable angle-dependent and angle-independent structural colors produced by composite hydrogels, which is achieved by varying bulk and internal geometries. In the sheet geometry, where the lamellae are aligned parallel to the sheet surface, the photonic gel sheet exhibits strong angle-dependent colors. On the other hand, when lamellae are coaxially aligned in a cylindrical geometry, the gel rod exhibits an angle-independent color, in sharp contrast with the gel sheet. Rocking curves have been constructed to justify the diverse angle-dependent behavior of various geometries. Despite varying the bulk geometry, the tunable photonic gels exhibit strong mechanical performances and toughness. The distinct angle dependence of these tough photonic materials with variable band gaps could benefit light modulation in displays and sensor technologies.

We study the effect of dehydration on the structure and mechanical properties of anisotropic lamellar hydrogels, consisting of alternative stacking of several thousands of nanoscale rigid bilayers from amphiphilic poly(dodecyl glyceryl itaconate) (PDGI) and submicroscale soft hydrogel layers from hydrophilic polyacrylamide (PAAm) networks. We found that the layered microstructure is well preserved with dehydration, and a ductile–brittle transition occurs at the critical water content. This transition is related to the rubbery–glassy transition of the PAAm layers, which occurs at 58 wt % water content and is much higher than 26 wt % of bulk PAAm hydrogels. Such specific behavior of the lamellar hydrogels indicates that the dynamics of the submicroscale PAAm hydrated layer intercalated between the rigid bilayers are very different from its bulk state.

Novel, supramolecular, anisotropic hydrogels (called MC-PDGI gels) are presented in this study. These MC-PDGI gels consist of multi-cylindrical lipid bilayers aligned in a uniaxial manner and embedded in a soft hydrogel matrix. The bilayers and the hydrogel interact weakly due to hydrogen bonding. These MC-PDGI gels swell after exposure to water, which causes their volume and diameter to increase while simultaneously causing their length to decrease. This anisotropic swelling-induced contraction behavior is the result of competition between the isotropic elasticity of the hydrogel matrix and the interfacial tension of the lipid bilayers. Moreover, the MC-PDGI gels exhibit unique quasi one-dimensional diffusion behavior owing to the difficulty of molecular penetration through the multi-layered lipid bilayers. These materials would be useful for prolonged drug release or as an actuator.

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a non-invasive imaging process. In wireless capsule endoscopy system, a tiny wireless camera is used to take image of patient digestive tract. This paper introduces a Microstrip patch antenna which operates at MICS band (402–406 MHz) for wireless capsule endoscopy. MICS band meets requirement with high data rate transmission, low power, long range (10 feet), leads to design miniaturized antenna and compatible signal propagation characteristics in the human body. All the important parameter related to the proposed antenna such as operating frequency, bandwidth, return loss, VSWR < 2, radiation pattern has investigated through simulation and measurement.