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Background: The use of disease-specific scales would be more valuable for the evaluation of the effects of lymphedema. To manage accordingly, and maintain the optimum quality of life of lymphedema patient, a validated outcome measure is helpful.Objective: To investigate the reliability and validity of Bangla Version of Lymphedema Life Impact Scale Version 2 (B-LLIS V2).Materials and Methods: A structured process that included translation, verification, compromise assessment, reverse translation, feedback, and final correction. B-LLIS V2 reliability and validity were conducted on 52 lymphedema patients. The reliability was evaluated by performing internal consistency and test–retest analyses. Its validity was assessed by comparing the B-LLIS V2 with other scales implying Pearson’s correlation.Results: Internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha was 0.92 for total score and 0.79, 0.82, 0.80 and 0.78 for physical, psychosocial, functional, and infection respectively. The calculated overall tool score in Intra-class correlation co-efficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability was 0.94 and among subscales, the scores were 0.92, 0.95, 0.91 and 0.93 for physical, Psychosocial, functional, and infection respectively, which signified substantial reliability. The overall values of Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the construct validity were 0.91, 0.78 and 0.86 against reference standard Bengali SF-36 Health Survey, Bangla version of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire and Bangla Start Back Screening Tool, and they all were statistically significant.Conclusions: B-LLIS V2 is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of impairment due to lymphedema. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 198-203

Background: Obesity is a proven independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. There are different Methods for evaluation of obesity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between waist hip ratio and the severity of CAD in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka. A total of 100 patients with NSTEMI who underwent coronary angiogram during the indexed hospitalization period were included in this study. On the basis of WHR, study patients were divided into two groups 50 patients of NSTEMI with normal WHR (Male

Background: Cardiovascular disease is leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTEMI by Gensini score and \Vessel score. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka. A total of 100 patients with NSTEMI underwent coronary angiography were included in the study. Coronary angiogram was done during index hospital admission. On the basis of WHR, study patients were divided into two groups: 50 patients of NSTEMI with normal WHR (Male

Monosex tilapia has great acceptability particularly among the lower income people due to its lower price. However, due to increased feed price the price of tilapia has been increased in recent years. Compensatory growth (CG) of fish that is achieved after a period of feed deprivation can potentially reduce the feed cost. The present study aimed to get CG in tilapia farming so as to reduce the production cost of this popular fish. Tilapia fry of 0.54 g body weight were nursed in hapa for one month and then stocked in earthen ponds where two different restricted feeding regimes were imposed for next two months followed by one month feeding at satiation level. Sampling was done fortnightly to record average weight gain in control and treatment groups. Average individual weight in restricted feeding group (T1) reached to 170.11±4.6 g in a three months experimental period and it did not significantly (p>0.05) differ with the weight gained in control group (182.79±5.32 g) where fish were fed on regular basis. The specific growth rate (SGR) also showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between T1 (SGR 2.66±0.011 % day-1) and control group (SGR 2.69±0.012 % day-1). Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in T1 (1.26) was found significantly (p

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder. Invariably it is co-morbid with psychiatric disorder and is associated with psychosocial stressors. Objectives: To see the association of types of IBS with psychiatric disorders and to assess the association of psychosocial stressors. Materials and methods: It was descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2014 to December 2014. Total 250 samples were included in this study those were diagnosed as IBS. Respondents were above 18 years of age of either sex. Sampling technique was consecutive. Results: The patients with psychiatric disorders among IBS patients were 86.4%. Maximum (35.2%) were IBS-D followed by 32.8% IBS-C and 32% IBS-M. Majority (93.2%) presented with stressful life events. Common stressful life events were changing eating habit (25.2%), change in sleeping habit (20.8%) and financial loss or problem (18.8%). Conclusion: Many people remain troubled by symptoms for long term. So, proper psychiatric evaluation is necessary for successful alleviation of the bothering symptoms of such incurable functional illness. KYAMC Journal. 2022;12(04): 200-204

Background: Somatoform and dissociative disorder categories have emerged from a common root, there was no apparent anatomical and physiological basis and which had a temporal relationship to a precipitating event. Objectives: To evaluate and compare of stressful life events of the patients of somatoform disorders and dissociative disorders. Materials and methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study carried out in the outpatient department of Psychiatry, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College, Sirajganj. The study populations were 100 somatoform disorder and 100 dissociative disorder patients. Data were collected by pre-designed data collection sheet. Then data were edited, cleaned and analyzed. Results: Stressful life events were observed to be significantly more frequent in both the groups. Family conflicts (29%) and sexual problem (16%) were more common in the somatoform disorder group of patients but marital conflict (26%) and death of the close family member (11%) were more common in the dissociative disorder group of patients. This study shows that dissociative disorder patients were observed to experience a variety of life events more than somatoform disorder group of patients. Conclusion: The stressful life events were reported more in dissociative disorder. The results suggest a substantial involvement of stressful life events in genesis of somatoform disorders and dissociative disorders, although no significant difference is noticed. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 02, July 2022: 63-65

Spirulina has been so popular in the present world’s context due to its high nutritional value. Due to its primitive and good quality protein, vitamins, essential fatty acids contents, antioxidant pigments, antimicrobial activity, and anticancer properties Spirulina which is a fast-growing cyanobacteria have been used as a possible alternative source of protein for the fish culture. As it is known that, the biomass of Spirulina is nutritionally rich in protein it may be used as a splendid alternative to fish protein to reduce the cost of feed. It has its tremendous attributes to replenish the required amount of protein dwindling the excessive cost as 70% of the total operating costs belongs to the feed supplement in terms of whole culture period. The study was conducted on the feasibility of Spirulina culture assessing its growth pattern through lab scale culture. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the lab scale cultivation of Spirulina by using different substrates having different concentration of Fish Meal Medium (FMM) each with the three replications T1 (15% FMM), T2 (20% FMM), T3 (25% FMM) & T4 (Kosaric medium), respectively. The growth rate of S. platensis was significantly higher in T4 (p

In this paper, we investigate the existence of solutions to a class of initial value problem for fractional order impulsive partial hyperbolic differential equations (for short FOIPHDEs) with infinite delay. Here we use Mixed Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative to construct the considered FOIPHDEs. The analysis of this paper is based on Burton-Krik fixed point theorem. A new existence result for FOIPHDEs with infinite delay has been obtained. To support the analytic proof, we give an illustrative example.

Predicting the quantitative regulatory function of transcription factors (TFs) based on factors such as binding sequence, binding location, and promoter type is not possible. The interconnected nature of gene networks and the difficulty in tuning individual TF concentrations make the isolated study of TF function challenging. Here, we present a library of Escherichia coli strains designed to allow for precise control of the concentration of individual TFs enabling the study of the role of TF concentration on physiology and regulation. We demonstrate the usefulness of this resource by measuring the regulatory function of the zinc-responsive TF, ZntR, and the paralogous TF pair, GalR/GalS. For ZntR, we find that zinc alters ZntR regulatory function in a way that enables activation of the regulated gene to be robust with respect to ZntR concentration. For GalR and GalS, we are able to demonstrate that these paralogous TFs have fundamentally distinct regulatory roles beyond differences in binding affinity.

Gene networks typically involve the regulatory control of multiple genes with related function. This connectivity enables correlated control of the levels and timing of gene expression. Here we study how gene expression timing in the single-input module motif can be encoded in the regulatory DNA of a gene. Using stochastic simulations, we examine the role of binding affinity, TF regulatory function and network size in controlling the mean first-passage time to reach a fixed fraction of steady-state expression for both an auto-regulated TF gene and a target gene. We also examine how the variability in first-passage time depends on these factors. We find that both network size and binding affinity can dramatically speed up or slow down the response time of network genes, in some cases predicting more than a 100-fold change compared to that for a constitutive gene. Furthermore, these factors can also significantly impact the fidelity of this response. Importantly, these effects do not occur at “extremes” of network size or binding affinity, but rather in an intermediate window of either quantity., Author summary Regulated genes are able to respond to stimuli in order to ramp up or down production of specific proteins. Although there is considerable focus on the magnitude (or fold-change) of the response and how that depends on the architectural details of the regulatory DNA, the dynamics, which dictates the response time of the gene, is another key feature of a gene that is encoded within the DNA. Unraveling the rules that dictate both the response time of a gene and the precision of that response encoded in the DNA poses a fundamental problem. In this manuscript, we systematically investigate how the response time of genes in auto-regulatory networks is controlled by the molecular details of the network. In particular, we find that network size and TF-binding affinity are key parameters that can slow, in the case of auto-activation, or speed up, in the case of auto-repression, the response time of not only the auto-regulated gene but also the genes that are controlled by the auto-regulated TF. In addition, we find that the precision of the response depends crucially on these characteristics.

Background: In conventional coronary angiography (CAG) by transfemoral approach patients usually need to stay at least one night in hospital. CAG by transradial approach gives the opportunity for same day hospital discharge. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and feasibly of day case CAG in Bangladesh. Methods: This is a single operator observational study where patients admitted for CAG through transradial (conventional and distal radial) approach were included. Patients were admitted at least 2 hours before the procedure. Hemostasis was done with manual compression followed by tight gauge-rolled bandage. Predischarge criteria had been set and applied to all patients. An emergency telephone number was given to the patient and they were contacted on the next day over telephone. Results: 30 (30%) female and 70 (70%) male were included with mean age 53±9SD years. Patients were discharged from the hospital on an average after 3.3±1.1 hours of the procedure. Only 4(4%) patients contacted to the emergency number. No bleeding complication was noted and 16(16%) patients complained about of some puncture site pain. Radial artery patency was was maintained in 96% of the patient on subsequent follow up. Conclusion: Same day hospital discharge is a feasible and safe alternative with similar radial artery patency rate. It will reduce the hospital cost and bed occupancy rate in a busy center in Bangladesh. Cardiovasc. j. 2019; 11(2): 152-158

This paper reflects the execution of a reliable technique which we proposed as a modified double sub-equation method for solving nonlinear evolution equations. The proposed scheme has been successfully hardened on a very important evolution equation namely the ( $$1+1$$ )-dimensional Burger equation and the ( $$1+1$$ )-dimensional Gardner equation (or combined KdV–mKdV). As a results, we found more complexiton solutions in-terms of trigonometric, hyperbolic functions. Finally, the interaction phenomena of the achieved complexiton solutions between solitary waves and/or periodic waves are presented with in depth derivation. The outcome can be used to enhance the dynamical activities of higher dimensional nonlinear wave field areas.

The process of transcription initiation and elongation are primary points of control in the regulation of gene expression. While biochemical studies have uncovered the mechanisms involved in controlling transcription at each step, how these mechanisms manifestin vivoat the level of individual genes is still unclear. Recent experimental advances have enabled single-cell measurements of RNAP molecules engaged in the process of transcribing a gene of interest. In this manuscript, we use Gillespie simulations to show that measurements of cell-to-cell variability of RNAP numbers and inter-polymerase distances can reveal the prevailing mode of regulation of a given gene. Mechanisms of regulation at each step, from initiation to elongation dynamics, produce qualitatively distinct signatures which can further be used to discern between them. Intriguingly, depending on the initiation kinetics, stochastic elongation can either enhance or suppress cell-to-cell variability at the RNAP level. To demonstrate the value of this framework, we analyze RNAP number distribution data for ribosomal genes in S. cerevisiae from three previously published studies and show that this approach provides crucial mechanistic insights into the transcriptional regulation of these genes.Author SummaryThe process of transcription comprises many distinct steps and understanding the regulation of each of these steps provides insight into how the levels of gene expression are controlled in the cell. In this manuscript, we use stochastic simulations to explore how regulation at the level of elongation and initiation together influences the distribution of actively transcribing RNAP on a gene. We find that each of these steps of regulation leaves a distinct imprint on the gene-to-gene variability of number of actively transcribing RNAP on the gene and their inter-RNAP distances. Using these results, we analyze recent experimental data of transcribing RNAP distributions and find that the perturbations in these studies primarily impact the transcription initiation dynamics of the genes.

not availableKYAMC Journal Vol. 5, No.-2, Jan 2015, Page 494-496

SUMMARY Biological systems must possess mechanisms that prevent inappropriate responses to spurious environmental inputs. Caenorhabditis elegans has two breakdown pathways for the short-chain fatty acid propionate: a canonical, vitamin B12-dependent pathway and a propionate shunt that is used when vitamin B12 levels are low. The shunt pathway is kept off when there is sufficient flux through the canonical pathway, likely to avoid generating shunt-specific toxic intermediates. Here, we discovered a transcriptional regulatory circuit that activates shunt gene expression upon propionate buildup. Nuclear hormone receptor 10 (NHR-10) and NHR-68 function together as a “persistence detector” in a type 1, coherent feed-forward loop with an AND-logic gate to delay shunt activation upon propionate accumulation and to avoid spurious shunt activation in response to a non-sustained pulse of propionate. Together, our findings identify a persistence detector in an animal, which transcriptionally rewires propionate metabolism to maintain homeostasis., Graphical Abstract, In Brief Bulcha et al. discover a transcriptional persistence detector composed of a type 1 coherent feed-forward loop with an AND-logic gate that rewires propionate metabolism in C. elegans.

In this paper, we have established the convergence result and the data dependence for Noor iterative scheme dealing with contractive-like operators. A numerical example has also given, in which instead of computing the fixed point of an operator, we have approximated the operator with a contractive-like one. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. Vol. 33 (2013) 13-24 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v33i0.17651

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem with an increasing incidence and prevalence. Outcomes of chronic kidney disease include not only complications of decreased kidney function and cardiovascular disease but also end stage renal failure causing increased morbidity and mortality. The development of acute but serious uremic complications in advanced kidney disease may put the patient's life at risk requiring immediate dialysis. The objective of this study was to find out the outcomes of urgent hemodialysis in advanced kidney disease, the minimum number of hemodialysis required for satisfactory clinical improvement, and to detect uremic emergencies associated with those patients. Twenty two patients with end stage renal failure admitted in a rural tertiary care private hospital of Bangladesh for emergency and short term dialysis were included in this study. For each patient hemodialysis was done at one day interval three times in a week in a dialysis unit. Results show that two sessions of hemodialysis produced 72 % and three sessions, almost 100% clinical recovery at satisfactory level. Urgent hemodialysis was found to be life saving in observed uremic emergencies like acute pulmonary edema, cerebral encephalopathy, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, gross fluid overload and pericardial effusion. Dialysis therapy ameliorates many of the clinical manifestations of renal failure and postpones otherwise imminent death and for these logical reasons it is recommended that dialysis should not be delayed in uremic emergencies for the best interest of clinical outcomes. KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-2, January 2013, Page 277-281 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i2.15167

We introduce a minimal model for the evolution of functional protein-interaction networks using a sequence-based mutational algorithm, and apply the model to study neutral drift in networks that yield oscillatory dynamics. Starting with a functional core module, random evolutionary drift increases network complexity even in the absence of specific selective pressures. Surprisingly, we uncover a hidden order in sequence space that gives rise to long-term evolutionary memory, implying strong constraints on network evolution due to the topology of accessible sequence space., Comment: 20 Pages, 14 Figures

Background: This quasi-experimental community trial was done through door-to-door health education to find out effect of reducing extra table salt intake on patients with high blood pressure. Material and Method: This study was conducted among 4,930 respondents out of 7,474 population (response rate was 65.96%). Respondents had age 18 years or above living in Mohammadpur area of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Study period was from August 2005 to February 2009. Intervention was for 18 months on 282 (male 69.5% and female 30.5%) respondents with stage-I hypertension. Respondents on trial had no co-morbidity and they were neither aware about their hypertension nor were ever treated for it. The intervention was given person-to-person to quit extra table salt after signing the informed consent form. Follow-up for selected parameters were done after 6, 12 and 18 month of intervention. Data analysis and interpretation were done through SPSS. Result: Mean Blood Pressure of the respondents was found to be 121/78 mmHg. Overall prevalence of hypertension is 20.1% (JNC-7 criteria). After 18m intervention percent reduction of SBP is -7.0% and DBP is -9.9%. Blood pressure of 14.9% (n=42) went up in spite of behavioural risk reduction. Normal blood pressure was found among 7.8% respondents having stage-I hypertension while 17.7% remained at stage-I but their blood pressure is reduced. Multinominal regression analysis showed chi-square value of 25.8 df 13 p=0.018 between use of extra table salt and systolic blood pressure while the value was 28.684 df 11 p= 0.003 for diastolic blood pressure in a -2 Log Likelihood reduced model. At beginning 44% respondents used extra salt while eating. After 6m, 12m and 18m of intervention, extra salt intake was found among 20.6%, 5.0% and 1.8% respondents respectively. Quantitatively extra salt intake reduced from 63±6.5g per week at beginning to 29±4.6g per week after 18m intervention. Change of salt intake was significantly related to change of both SBP (F= 9.688; p=0.000) and DBP (F=6.544; p=0.002). Quality of life was evaluated for both subjective and objective indices. Conclusion: Reversal of hypertension was 56.7% by lifestyle modification and behavioural changes including salt intake reduction. This study confirmed relation of salt with hypertension and also confirmed reduction of blood pressure after reducing salt intake. This study recommended no extra salt intake for patients at risk or with high blood pressure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v1i2.13314 KYAMC Journal Vol.1(2) January 2011, 48-53

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v1i1.13305KYAMC Journal Vol.1(1) July 2010, 30-33

Sinus histiocytosis with lymphadenopathy is a rare condition of unknown etiology that is characterized by the overproduction of histiocytes accumulating in the lymph node sinuses and in the lymphatics of extranodal sites if involved. Lymph nodes of the neck are the most common place of histiocyte accumulation, although other lymph nodes and organs may involve, as well. The common sites of the disease outside the lymph nodes are skin, soft tissues, upper respiratory tract, the sinuses, kidney, thyroid, small bowel, breast, and bone. Hepatosplenomegaly is uncommon. The symptoms of this disease vary with the site of involvement. It is often referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML). In this article an adult male of 38 years, has been described who presented with bilateral cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy clinically suspected of infectious (tubercular-in the context of our country) or hematological malignant etiology. However on fine needle aspiration cytology, the smears showed many histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Biopsy of cervical lymph node showed dilated sinuses filled with histiocytes and lymph node architecture showing inflammatory cells having lymphocytes and histiocytes. These findings were considered consistent with sinus histiocytosis with chronic lymphadenitis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v2i2.13266KYAMC Journal Vol.2(2) January 2012, 205-208

not availableKYAMC Journal Vol. 5, No.-1, Jul 2014, Page 434-435

A peptic ulcer, also known as peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is the most common ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful. It is defined as mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 0.5 cm. As many as 70%-90% of such ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach. KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-2, January 2013, Page 270-272 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i2.15164

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v1i2.13311KYAMC Journal Vol.1(2) January 2011, 36-38

Theoretical theorems are usually discussed on the real number system. But, in numerical computation, such system has to be approximated by real number system of a rather special type such as fixed point number system or floating point number system. Hence, when we discuss the theoretical theorems in numerical analysis, we must take care of their numerical properties.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v1i1.13297KYAMC Journal Vol.1(1) July 2010, 1-2

A new theorem has been given that generalizes Rall's theorem.