3,975 results on '"MedStar Washington Hospital Center"'
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2. Technical Development of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Author
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Medstar Washington Hospital Center
- Published
- 2024
3. Outcomes of the Nanoscopic Partial Meniscectomy Versus Standard Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy
- Author
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Arthrex, Inc., Medstar Washington Hospital Center, and Shane Taylor, Principal Investigator
- Published
- 2024
4. Use of Cardiac-MRI to Predict Results for People With Severe Aortic Stenosis
- Author
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Medstar Washington Hospital Center
- Published
- 2019
5. Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection
- Author
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Bhangu, A, Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection GlobalSurg Collaborative Appendix S1 Collaborators Authors (all the following are PubMed citable): Writing group: James, C Glasbey (UK), Adewale, O Adisa (Nigeria), Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri (Rwanda), Ahmad, U Qureshi (Pakistan), Jean, C Allen-Ingabire (Rwanda), Hosni Khairy Salem (Egypt), Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo (Ghana), Stephen Tabiri (Ghana), Dmitri Nepogodiev (UK), Richard, J Lilford (UK), Ewen, M Harrison (UK), Thomas, D Pinkney (UK), Neil Smart (UK), Aneel Bhangu (UK, denotes joint first author Patient representatives: Azmina Verjee (UK), study guarantor)., Emmy Runigamugabo (Rwanda) Statistical analysis: James Glasbey, Aneel Bhangu Protocol development and project steering: Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Adewale, O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Afnan, Altamini, Philip, Alexander, Sara, W Al-Saqqa, Giuliano, Borda-Luque, Jen, Cornick, Ainhoa, Costas-Chavarri, Thomas, M Drake, Stuart, J Fergusson, J Edward Fitzgerald, James, Glasbey, Allen Ingabire, J. C., Lawani, Ismaïl, Zahra, Jaffry, Hosni Khairy Salem, Chetan, Khatri, Andrew, Kirby, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard, Lilford, Andre, L Mihaljevic, Midhun, Mohan, Dion, Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Riinu, Ots, Francesco, Pata, Thomas, Pinkney, Tomas, Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah, Rayne, Gustavo, Recinos, Kjetil, Søreide, Catherine, A Shaw, Sebastian, Shu, Richard, Spence, Neil, Smart, Stephen, Tabiri, Ewen, M Harrison, Aneel Bhangu National leads (GlobalSurg-1) Lead coordinator, Australia, Neel Gobin, Brazil, Ana Vega Freitas, Canada, Nigel Hall, China, &, Hong Kong, Sung-Hee Kim, Egypt, Ahmed, Negida, Hosni, Khairy, England, Stephen, J Chapman, France, Alexis P Arnaud, Ghana, Stephen Tabiri, Guatemala, Gustavo Recinos, India, Cutting Edge Manipal, Indonesia, Radhian Amandito, Iraq, Marwan Shawki, Ireland, Michael Hanrahan, Italy, Francesco Pata, Lithuania, Justas Zilinskas, Malaysia, April Camilla Roslani, Cheng Chun Goh, Nigeria, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Northern Ireland, Gareth Irwin, Peru, Laura, Luque, Saudi, Arabia, Hunain, Shiwani, Afnan, Altamimi, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Scotland, Stuart J Fergusson, South, Africa, Sri Lanka, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Sweden, Yucel Cengiz, Switzerland, Dmitri A Raptis, Wales, James, C Glasbey National leads (GlobalSurg-2) Argentina, Maria Marta Modolo, Australia, Dushyant, Iyer, Sebastian, King, Tom, Arthur, Bangladesh, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Barbados, Ade Waterman, Benin, Lawani Ismaïl, Botswana, Michael Walsh, Canada, Arnav, Agarwal, Augusto, Zani, Mohammed, Firdouse, Tyler, Rouse, China, Qinyang Liu, Colombia, Juan Camilo Correa, Egypt, Hosni Khairy Salem, Estonia, Peep Talving, Ethiopia, Mengistu Worku, France, Alexis Arnaud, Greece, Vassilis Kalles, Guatemala, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Kumar, Ireland, Roy Quek, Italy, Luca, Ansaloni, Jordan, Ahmed Altibi, Lithuania, Donatas, Venskutonis, Justas, Zilinskas, Tomas, Poskus, Madagascar, John Whitaker, Malawi, Vanessa Msosa, Malaysia, Yong Yong Tew, Malta, Alexia, Farrugia, Elaine, Borg, Mexico, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Morocco, Zineb Bentounsi, Norway, Kjetil Søreide, Pakistan, Tanzeela Gala, Palestinian, Territory, Ibrahim, Al-Slaibi, Haya, Tahboub, Alser, Osaid H., Diego, Romani, Sebestian, Shu, Poland, Piotr Major, Romania, Aurel, Mironescu, Matei, Bratu, Amar, Kourdouli, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz, Altwijri, Ahmad, Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sierra Leone, Sam Seisay, Singapore, Bettina Lieske, Spain, Irene Ortega, Sri, Lanka, Jenifa, Jeyakumar, Senanayake, Kithsiri J., Sudan, Omar Abdulbagi, Switzerland, Dmitri Raptis, Turkey, Yuksel Altinel, United, Kingdom, Chia, Kong, Ella, Teasdale, Gareth, Irwin, Michael, Stoddart, Rakan, Kabariti, Sukrit, Suresh, United, States, Katherine, Gash, Ragavan, Narayanan, Zambia, Mayaba Maimbo Local collaborators (GlobalSurg-1) Argentina: Claudio Fermani, Ruben, Balmaceda, Australia: Ewan Macdermid, Maria Marta Modolo (Hospital Luis Lagomaggiore)., Neel, Gobin, Roxanne, Chenn, Cheryl Ou Yong, Michael Edye (Blacktown Hospital), Martin, Jarmin, Scott, K D'amours, Dushyant Iyer (Liverpool Hospital, The University Of New South Wales), Daniel, Youssef, Nicholas, Phillips, Jason Brown (Royal Brisbane &, Women'S, Hospital), Robert, George, Cherry, Koh, Oliver Warren (The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia), Isaac Hanley (The Tweed Hospital), Austria: Clemens Nawara, Marilla Dickfos (Toowoomba Hospital)., Dietmar, Öfner, Florian Primavesi (Department Of Surgery, Bangladesh: Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg)., Khalid Mahmud (Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital), Margub, Hussain, Hafiz, Hakim, Tapan Kumar (Dhaka Medical College Hospital), Benin: Pamphile A Assouto, Antje Oosterkamp (Lamb Hospital)., Ismail, Lawani, Brunei: Aung Kyaw Tun, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga)., Chean Leung Chong (Pmmpmhamb Hospital) Giridhar, H Devadasar, Chean Leung Chong, Muhammad Rashid Minhas Qadir (Ssb Hospital), Kyaw Phyo Aung, Lee Shi Yeo, Brazil: Vanessa Dina Palomino Castillo, Chean Leung Chong (Ripas Hospital)., Monique Moron Munhoz, Gisele Moreira (Conjunto Hospitalar De Sorocaba), Luiz Carlos Barros De Castro Segundo, Salim Anderson Khouri Ferreira, Maíra Cassa Careta (Hospital Da Santa Casa De Misericórdia De Vitória), Stella Binna Kim, Alexandre Venancio De Sousa, Alyne Daltri Lazzarini Cury (Hospital De Caridade Sãƒo De Paula), Gustavo Peixoto Soares Miguel, Ana Vega Carreiro De Freitas, Barbara Pereira Silvestre (Hospital Estadual Doutor Jayme Dos Santos Neves), Julia Guasti Pinto Vianna, Carolina Oliveira Felipe, Luis Alberto Valente Laufer (Hospital Estadual Doutor Jayme Santos Neves), Fernanda, Altoe, Luana Ayres Da Silva, Marina Luiza Pimenta, Thiago Fernandes Giuriato, Paulo Alves Bezerra Morais, Jessica Souza Luiz (Hospital Estadual Dr Jayme Santos Neves), Rafael, Araujo, Juliana, Menegussi, Marisa, Leal, Caio Vinícius Barroso de Lima, Luiza Sarmento Tatagiba, Antônio Leal (Hospital Infantil Nosa Senhora Da Gloria), Diogo Vinicius dos Santos, Gustavo Pereira Fraga, Romeo Lages Simoes (Hospital De Clinicas, Cameroon: Samuel Nigo, University Of Campinas). Cambodia: Simon Stock (World Mate Emergency Hospital)., Juana, Kabba, Tagang Ebogo Ngwa, Canada: Sebastian King, James Brown (Mbingo Baptist Hospital)., Georges, Azzie, Sameer, Kushwaha, Arnav Agarwal (The Hospital For Sick Children), Karen, Bailey, Brian, Cameron, Michael Livingston (McMaster Children's Hospital), Alexandre, Horobjowsky, Dan, L Deckelbaum, Tarek Razek (Centre for Global Surgery, Chile: Boris Marinkovic, McGill University Health Centre)., Eugenio, Grasset, Nicole D'aguzan (Hospital Del Salvador), Julio, Jimenez, China: Zhongtao Zhang, Roberto Macchiavello (Hospital Luis Tisne)., Wei, Guo, Junyeong, Oh, Colombia: Irene Montes, Fei Zheng (Beijing Friendship Hospital)., Sebastian, Sierra, Manuela Mendez (Clinica Ces), Maria Isabel Villegas, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza (Clinica Las Vegas), Fred Alexander Naranjo Aristizã¡bal, Jaime Andres Montoya Botero, Victor Manuel Quintero Riaza (Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe), Jakeline, Restrepo, Carlos, Morales, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion), Herman, Cruz, Alejandro, Munera, Croatia: Robert Karlo, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Ips Universitaria Clinica Leon Xiii)., Edgar, Domini, Jakov Mihanovic (Zadar General Hospital), Mihael, Radic, Kresimir, Zamarin, Dominican Republic: Manuel Hache-Marliere, Nikica Pezelj (General Hospital Sibenik)., Sylvia Batista Lemaire, Ruben Rivas (Cedimat, - Centro De Diagnostico Medicina Avanzada, Egypt: Ahmed Khyrallh, Laboratorio Y Telemedicina)., Ahamed, Hassan, Gamal, Shimy, Mohamed, A Baky Fahmy (Al-Azher Universty Hospital), Ayman, Nabawi, Mohamed, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad Gohar, Mohamed, Asal, Mostafa, Abdelkader, Mahmoud, Gomah, Hayssam, Rashwan, Mohamed, Karkeet, Ahmed Gomaa (Alexandria Main University Hospital), Amr, Hasan, Ahmed, Elgebaly, Omar, Saleh, Ahmad Abdel Fattah, Abdullah, Gouda, Abd Elrahman Elshafay, Abdalla, Gharib, Ahmed, Menshawy, Mohammed, Hanafy, Abdullah, Al-Mallah, Mahmoud, Abdulgawad, Mohamad, Baheeg, Mohammed, Alhendy, Ibrahim, Abdelfattah, Abdalla, Kenibar, Omar, Osman, Mostafa, Gemeah, Ahmed, Mohammed, Abdalrahman, Adel, Abdelrahman, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Mohamed Abozaid (Al-Hussein Hospital), Ahmed Hafez El-Badri Kotb, Ali Amin Ahmed Ata, Mohammed, Nasr, Abdelrahman, Alkammash, Mohammed, Saeed, Nader Abd El Hamid, Attia Mohamed Attia, Ahmed Abd El Galeel, Eslam, Elbanby, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Usama, Hantour, Omar, Alahmady, Billal, Mansour, Amr Muhammad Elkorashy (Bab El-Shareia Hospital), Emad Mohamed Saeed Taha, Kholod Tarek Lasheen, Salma Said Elkolaly, Nehal Yosri Elsayed Abdel-Wahab, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi Abozyed, Ahmed, Adel, Ahmed Moustafa Saeed, Gehad Samir El Sayed, Jehad Hassan Youssif (Banha University Hospital), Soliman Magdy Ahmed, Nermeen Soubhy El-Shahat, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy Khedr (Belbes Central Hospital), Abdelrhman Osama Elsebaaye, Mohamed, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Ibrahim, Elzayat, Mahmoud, Warda, Khaled Naser El Deen, Abdelrhman Essam Elnemr, Omar, Salah, Mohamed, Abbas, Mona, Rashad, Ibrahim, Elzayyat, Dalia, Hemeda, Gehad, Tawfik, Mai, Salama, Hazem, Khaled, Mohamed Seisa (El Dawly Hospital, - Mansoura), Kareem, Elshaer, Abdelfatah, Hussein, Mahmoud Elkhadrawi (El Mahalla General Hospital), Ahmed Mohamed Afifi, Osama Saadeldeen Ebrahim, Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally (El, - Mataria Educational Hospital), Rowida, Elmelegy, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary Elsawahly, Hisham, Safa, Eman, Nofal, Mohamed, Elbermawy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb Ghazy, Hisham, Samih, Asmaa, Abdelgelil, Sarah, Abdelghany, Ahmed El Kholy, Metwally, Aboraya, Fatma, Elkady, Mahmoud, Salma, Sarah, Samy, Reem, Fakher, Aya, Aboarab, Ahmed, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Abdelrahman, Haroun, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman Al-Aarag, Ahmed, Elkholy, Sally Elshanwany (El-Menshawy Hospital), Esraa Ghanem (Elshohadaa Central Hospital), Ahmed, Tammam, Ali Mohamed Hammad, Yousra El Shoura, Gehad El Ashal, Hosni Khairy (Kasr Alainy School Of Medicine), Sarah, Antar, Sara, Mehrez, Mahmoud, Abdelshafy, Maha Gamal Mohamad Hamad, Mona, Hosh, Emad, Abdallah, Basma, Magdy, Thuraya, Alzayat, Elsayed, Gamaly, Hossam, Elfeki, Amany, Abouzahra, Shereen, Elsheikh, Fatimah, I Elgendy (Mansoura University Hospitals), Fathia Abd El-Salam, Osama, Seifelnasr, Mohamed, Ammar, Athar, Eysa, Aliaa, Sadek, Aliaa Gamal Toeema, Aly, Nasr, Mohamed, Abuseif, Hagar, Zidan, Sara Abd Elmageed Barakat, Nadin, Elsayed, Yasmin Abd Elrasoul, Ahmed, Elkelany, Mohamed Sabry Ammar, Mennat-Allah, Mustafa, Yasmin, Hegazy, Mohamed, Etman, Samar, Saad, Mahmoud, Alrahawy, Ahmed, Raslan, Mahmoud, Morsi, Ahmed, Rslan, Ahmed, Sabry, Hager, Elwakil, Heba, Shaker, Yasmin, Abd-Elrasoul, Ahmed Elkelany (Menoufia University Hospitals), Hussein, El-Kashef, Mohamed, Shaalan, Areej Tarek (Minia University Hospital), Ayman, Elwan, Ahmed Ragab Nayel, Mostafa, Seif, Doaa, Emadeldin, Mohamed Ali Ghonaim, Ahmad, Almallah, Ahmed, Fouad, Eman Adel Sayma (New Damietta University Hospital), Ahmad, Elbatahgy, Angham Solaiman El-Ma'doul, Ahmed, Mosad, Hager, Tolba, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin Elsorogy, Hassan Ali Mostafa, Amira Atef Omar, Ola Sherief Abd El Hameed, Ahmed Lasheen (Quweisna Central Hospital In Quweisna), Yasser Abd El Salam, Ashraf, Morsi, Mohammed Ismail (Ras El Tin General Hospital), Hager Ahmed El-badawy, Mohamed, A Amer, Ahmed Sabry El-Hamouly, Attallah, Noura A., Omnia, Mosalum, Ahmed, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Alaa, Abouelnasr, Sara, Ayad, Ramdan, Shaker, Rokia, Sakr, Ramadan, Shaker, Mahmoud, Amreia, Soaad, Elsobky, Mohamed, Mustafa, Ahmed Abo El Magd, Abeer, Marey, Amr Tarek Hafez, Mohamed, F Zalabia (Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia), Mohamed Moamen Mohamed, Amr, Fadel, Emad Ali Ahmed (Sohag University Hospital), Ahmad, Ali, Mohammad Ghassan Alwafai, Abdullah, Dwydar, Sara, Kharsa, Ehab, Mamdouh, Hatem, El-Sheemy, Ibrahim, Alyoussef, Abouelatta Khairy Aly, Ahmad, Aldalaq, Ehab, Alnawam, Dalia Alkhabbaz (Souad Kafafi University Hospital), Mahmoud, Saad, Shady, Hussein, Ahmed Abo Elazayem, Ahmed, Meshref, Marwa, Elashmawy, Mohammed, Mousa, Ahmad, Nashaat, Sara, Ghanem, Zaynab, M Elsayed, Aya, Elwaey, Iman Elkadsh (Suez Canal University Hospitals), Mariam, Darweesh, Ahmed, Mohameden, Mennaallah Hafez (Suez General Hospital), Ahmed, Badr, Assmaa, Badwy, Mohamed Abd El Slam (Talla Central Hospital), Mohamed, Elazoul, Safwat, Al-Nahrawi, Lotfy, Eldamaty, Fathee, Nada, Mohamed, Ameen, Aya, Hagar, Mohamed, Elsehimy, Mohammad, Aboraya, Hossam, Dawoud, Shorouk El Mesery, Abeer El Gendy, Ahmed, Abdelkareem, Ahmed Safwan Marey, Mostafa, Allam, Sherif, Shehata, Khaled, Abozeid, Marwa, Elshobary, Ahmed, Fahiem, Sameh, Sarsik, Amel, Hashish, Mohamed, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Shaimaa, Aql, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz Elhendawy (Tanta University Hospital), Mohamed, Husseini, Esraa, Kasem, Ahmed, Gheith, Yasmin, Elfouly, Ahmed Ragab Soliman, Yasmein, Ibrahim, Nesma, Elfouly, Ahmed, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Mohammad, Rashid, Abdallah Salah Elsherbiny, Basem, Sieda, Nermin, M Badwi, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Osama, Mohamed, Ethiopia: Mengistu Worku, Mohammad Abdulkhalek Habeeb (Zagazig University Hospitals)., Nichole Starr (Dessie Referral Hospital), Semay, Desta, Sahlu, Wondimu, Nebyou Seyoum Abebe (Minilik Ii Hospital), Efeson, Thomas, Frehun Ayele Asele, Daniel Dabessa (Myungsung Christian Medical Center), Nebiyou Seyoum Abebe, Finland: Panu Mentula, Abebe Bekele Zerihun (Tikur Anbessa Hospital)., Ari, Leppäniemi, France: Aurelien Scalabre, Ville Sallinen (Helsinki University Central Hospital)., Fernanda, Frade, Sabine Irtan (Trousseau Hospital Sorbonnes Universités, Upmc Univ Paris), Vivien, Graffeille, Elodie, Gaignard, Quentin Alimi (Chu De Rennes), Quentin, Alimi, Vivien, Graffieille, Elodie Gaignard (Fr Rennes University), Olivier, Abbo, Sofia, Mouttalib, Ourdia Bouali (Hopital Des Enfants), Erik, Hervieux, Yves, Aigrain, Nathalie Botto (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades), Alice, Faure, Lucile, Fievet, Nicoleta Panait (Hopitâl Nord), Emilie, Eyssartier, Francoise, Schmitt, Guillaume Podevin (Pediatric Surgery Department, University Hospital Of Angers, France), Valentine, Parent, Amandine, Martin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud (Rennes University Hospital), Cecile, Muller, Arnaud, Bonnard, Ghana: Francis Abantanga, Matthieu Peycelon (Robert Debré Children University Hospital)., Kwaku, Boakye-Yiadom, Mohammed Bukari (Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Frank Owusu (Offinso District Hospital), Joseph, Awuku-Asabre, Lemuel Davies Bray (University For Development Studies, School Of Medicine And Health Sciences, General Surgery Department, Greece: Dimitrios Lytras, Tamale Teaching Hospital)., Kyriakos, Psarianos, Anastasia Bamicha (Achillopoyleio General Hospital Of Volos), Eirini Kefalidi (Attikon General Hospital), Georgios Gemenetzis (Attikon University Hospital), Christos, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Gouvas, Christos Agalianos (Konstantopouleio General Hospital Of Athens), Michail, Kontos, Gregory, Kouraklis, Dimitrios Karousos (Laiko University Hospital), Stylianos, Germanos, Constantinos Marinos (Larissa General Hospital), Christos, Anthoulakis, Nikolaos, Nikoloudis, Guatemala: Gustavo Recinos, Nikolaos Mitroudis (Serres General Hospital)., Sergio, Estupinian, Walter Forno (Hospital De Accidentes Ceibal), José René Arévalo Azmitia (Hospital General De Enfermedades, Cirugia De Emergencia, Instituto Guatemalteco De Seguridad Social), Carla Cecilia Ramãrez Cabrera (Hospital General De Enfermedades, Servicio De Cirugia Abdominal, Romeo, Guevara, Maria, Aguilera, Napoleon, Mendez, Cesar Augusto Azmitia Mendizabal, Pablo, Ramazzini, Mario Contreras Urquizu (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), Fernando, Tale, Rafael, Soley, Emanuel, Barrios, Emmanuel Barrios (Hospital Juan Jose Arevalo Bermejo), Daniel Estuardo Marroquín Rodríguez, Carlos Iván Pérez Velásquez, Sara María Contreras Mérida (Hospital Regional De Retalhuleu), Francisco, Regalado, Mario, Lopez, Miguel Siguantay (Hospital Roosevelt, Hong Kong: Fong Yee Lam, Guatemala)., Kylie Joan-yi Szeto, Charing Cheuk Ling Szeto, Wing Sum Li, Kieran Ka Kei Li, Man Fung Leung, Tony, Mak, India: SS Prasad, Simon Ng (Prince of Wales Hospital)., Anand, Kirishnan, Nidhi Gyanchandani (KMC Hospital), Bylapudi Seshu Kumar, Muthukumaran Rangarajan (Kovai Medical Centre &, Hospital), Sriram, Bhat, Anjana, Sreedharan, Kinnera (Kasturba Medical College), S. V., Yella, Reddy, Caranj, Venugopal, Sunil Kumar (Pes Institute Of Medical Sciences &, Research), Abhishek Mittal (Safdarjung Hospital, New, Delhi), Shravan, Nadkarni, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Puneet Malik (Sawai Man Singh Medical College &, Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan), Neel, Limaye, Srinivas, Pai, Pratik Jain (Sdm College Of Medical Sciences And Hospital), Monty, Khajanchi, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev Satoskar (Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College And King Edward Memorial Hospital), Indonesia: Eldaa Prisca Refianti Sutanto, Abid Bin Mahamood (Travancore Medical College Hospital)., Daniel Ardian Soeselo, Chintya Tedjaatmadja (Atmajaya Hospital), Fitriana Nur Rahmawati, Radhian, Amandito, Maria Mayasari (Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Iraq: Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad Al-Hasani, Jakarta)., Hasan Ismael Ibraheem Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Israa Abdullah Aziz Al-Azraqi (Alsader Medical City), Lubna, Sabeeh, Rahma, Kamil, Marwan Shawki (Baghdad Medical City), Muwaffaq Mezeil Telfah (Department Of Surgery, College Of Medicine, University Of Mosul, Ireland: Amoudtha Rasendran, Al-Jumhoori Teaching Hospital)., Jacqueline, Sheehan, Robert, Kerley, Caoimhe, Normile, Richard William Gilbert, Jiheon, Song, Mohamed, Dablouk, Linnea, Mauro, Mohammed Osman Dablouk, Michael, Hanrahan, Paul, Kielty, Eleanor Marks (Cork University Hospital), Simon, Gosling, Michelle, Mccarthy, Amoudtha Rasendran (Cork University Hospital &, University College Cork), Diya, Mirghani, Syed Altaf Naqvi, Chee Siong Wong (Limerick University Hospital), Siyi, Chung, Reuban, D'Cruz, Ronan Cahill (Mater Misericordiae University Hospital), Simon George Gosling, Amoudtha, Rasendran, Ciara, Fahy, Diana Duarte Cadogan, Anna, Powell, Richard, Gilbert, Caroline, Clifford, Aoife Driscoll (Mercy University Hospital), Stassen, Paul, Chris, Lee, Ross Bowe (Midlands Regional Hospital Mullingar), William, Hutch, Michael Hanrahan (University College Cork), Helen, Mohan, Maeve, O'Neill, Italy: Piergiorgio Danelli, Kenneth Mealy (Wexford General Hospital)., Andrea, Bondurri, Anna Maffioli (Azienda Ospedaliera Luigi Sacco, - Polo Universitario), Mario, Pasini, Giacomo, Pata, Stefano Roncali (Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili Di Brescia, - Chirurgia Generale), Paolo, Silvani, Michele, Carlucci, Roberto Faccincani (Irccs Ospedale San Raffaele), Luigi, Bonavina, Yuri, Macchitella, Chiara Ceriani (University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato), Gregorio, Tugnoli, Salomone Di Saverio, Khaled Khattab (Maggiore Hospital), Miguel Angel Paludi, Domenica, Pata, Luigi Maria Cloro (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital), Andrea, Allegri, Federico Coccolini (Papa Giovanni Xxiii Hospital), Ezio, Veronese, Luca, Bortolasi, Alireza Hasheminia (San Bonifacio Hospital), Giacomo, Nastri, Massimiliano Dal Canto, Stefano Cucumazzo (Santa Croce Hospital), Angelo, Benevento, Gaetano Tessera (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Gallarate), Pier Paolo Grandinetti, Alessio, Maniscalco, Giovanni Luca Lamanna (Santi Benvenuto, E Rocco Hospital Asur), Luca, Turati, Giovanni, Sgroi, Emanuele Rausa (Treviglio Hospital), Roberta, Villa, Michela, Monteleone, David Merlini (Unita' Di Chirurgia D'urgenza Azienda Ospedaliera Salvini), Federico, Coccolini, Andrea Allegri (Unit Of General Surgery, I, Papa Giovanni Xxiii Hospital), Veronica, Grassi, Roberto, Cirocchi, Libya: Hamza Waleed, Alban Cacurri (University Of Perugia)., Ahmed, Diab, Lithuania: Mantas Jokubauskas, Fathi Elzowawi (Misurata Central Hospital)., Karolis, Varkalys, Donatas Venskutonis (Kaunas Clinical Hospital), Robertas, Pranevicius, Viktorija Ambrozeviciute (Klaipedas Seaman Hospital), Simona, Juciute, Austė Skardžiukaitė (Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų Universitetas), Saulius, Bradulskis, Linas, Urbanavicius, Aiste, Austraite, Romualdas, Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Paulius, Karumnas, Zigmantas, Urniezius, Reda Zilinskiene (Republic Hospital Of Kaunas), Anele Rudzenskaite (Republic Hospital Of Panevezys), Ausrine, Usaityte, Margarita, Montrimaite, Nerijus Kaselis (Republic Klaipeda Hospital), Andrius, Strazdas, Kristijonas Jokubonis (Stasys Kudirka Regional Hospital Of Alytus), Kornelija, Maceviciute, Virgilijus, Beisa, Kestutis, Strupas, Erikas Laugzemys (Vilnius University, Center Of Abdominal Surgery), Andrej, Kolosov, Valdemaras, Jotautas, Ignas Rakita (Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics), Saulius, Mikalauskas, Darius, Kazanavicius, Rokas, Rackauskas, Virgilijus Beisa (Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos), Ritauras, Rakauskas, Malawi: Ross Coomber, Egle Preckailaite (Vsi Jonavos Ligonine)., Kenneth, Johnson, Malaysia: Dineshwary Periasammy, Jennifer Nowers (Queen Elizabeth Hospital)., Afizah, Salleh, Andre Das (Hospital Kajang), Reuben Goh Ern Tze, Milaksh Nirumal Kumar, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah (Sarawak General Hospital), Nik Ritza Kosai, Mustafa, Taher, Reynu Rajan (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre), Hoong Yin Chong, Malta: Marija Agius, Cheng Chun Goh (University Malaya Medical Centre)., Maureen, Bezzina, Roberta, Bugeja, Martinique, Vella-Baldacchino, Andrew, Spina, Josephine Psaila (Mater Dei Hospital, Martinique: Helene Francois-Coridon, Malta)., Cecilia, Tolg, Jean-Francois Colombani (Department Of Pediatric Surgery, Mother And Children's Hospital, Mexico: Carmina Diaz-Zorrilla, University Hospital Of Martinique)., Antonio Ramos-De La Medina, Mozambique: Mário Jacobe, Samantha Corro-Diaz Gonzalez (Hospital Español de Veracruz)., Domingos, Mapasse, New Zealand: Ramadan Oumer, Elizabeth Snyder (Hospital Central Maputo)., Mohammed Osman (Whangarei Hospital, Nigeria: Aminu Mohammad, Northland District Health Board)., Lofty-John, Anyanwu, Abdulrahman Sheshe (Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital), Alaba, Adesina, Olubukola, Faturoti, Ogechukwu Taiwo (Babcock University Teaching Hospital), Muhammad Habib Ibrahim, Abdulrasheed, A Nasir, Siyaka Itopa Suleiman (Federal Medical Centre, Birnin, Kebbi), Adewale, Adeniyi, Opeoluwa, Adesanya, Ademola Adebanjo (Federal Medical Centre), Roland, Osuoji, Kazeem, Atobatele, Ayokunle, Ogunyemi, Omolara, Williams, Mobolaji, Oludara, Olabode Oshodi (Lagos State University Teaching Hospital), Adesoji, Ademuyiwa, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga Lawal, Felix, Alakaloko, Olumide, Elebute, Adedapo, Osinowo, Christopher Bode(Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Abidemi Adesuyi (National Hospital Abuja), Adesoji, Tade, Adeleke, Adekoya, Collins Nwokoro (Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital), Omobolaji, O Ayandipo, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Akinlabi, E Ajao (University College Hospital), Samuel Sani Ali, Babatunde, Odeyemi, Samson Olori (University of Abuja Teaching Hospital), Ademola, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Lossius (Department Of Gastrointestinal Surgery, James Adeniran (University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital). Norway: William J., Olavs Hospital, St., Trondheim University Hospital), Ingemar Havemann (Soerlandet Hospital Kristiansand), Kenneth, Thorsen, Jon Kristian Narvestad, Kjetil Soreide (Stavanger University Hospital), Trude Beate Wold, Linn Nymo (University Hospital Of North Norway, Oman: Mohammed Elsiddig, Troms)., Pakistan: Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Manzoor Dar (Sohar Hospital)., Zainab, Iftikhar, Muhammad Mohsin Furqan (Bahawal Victoria Hospital), Bakhtiar, Nighat, Masood, Jawaid, Abdul Khalique (Dow University Hospital), Ahsan, Zil-E-Ali, Anam Rashid (Fatima Memorial Hospital), Hasnain Abbas Dharamshi, Tahira, Naqvi, Ahmad Faraz (Karachi Medical And Dental College, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital), Abdul Wahid Anwar, Tahir Muhammad Yaseen, Ghina Shamim Shamsi, Ghina, Shamsi, Tahir, Yaseen, Paraguay: Horacio Paredes Decoud, Wahid Anwer (The Indus Hospital)., Omar, Aguilera, Ismael Isaac Zelada Alvarez, Juan Marcelo Delgado, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Peru: Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse (Hospital De Clínicas)., Jose Antonio Cabala Chiong, Essalud), Ana Cecilia Manchego Bautista (Carlos Alberto Seguin Escobedo National Hospital., Eduardo, Huaman, Sergio, Zegarra, Rony Camacho (Hospital Necional Guillermo Almenara), Jose María Vergara Celis, Diego Alonso Romani Pozo (Hospital De Emergencias Pediatricas), José, Hamasaki, Edilberto, Temoche, Jaime Herrera-Matta (Hospital De Policia), Carla Pierina García Torres, Luis Miguel Alvarez Barreda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo Ojeda (Hospital Goyeneche), Octavio Garaycochea (Hospital Ii -1 Minsa Moyobamba), Melanie Castro Mollo, Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linares Delgado, Francisco Fujii (Hospital Maria Auxiliadora), Ana Cecilia Manchego Bautista, Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar, Jose Antonio Cabala Chiong (Hospital Nacional Carlos Alberto Seguin), Susana Yrma Aranzabal Durand, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo Basto, Nelson Manuel Urbina Rojas (Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins-Essalud), Sebastian Bernardo Shu Yip, Ana Lucia Contreras Vergara, Andrea Echevarria Rosas Moran, Giuliano Borda Luque, Manuel Rodriguez Castro, Ramon Alvarado Jaramillo (Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia), George Manrique Sila, Crislee Elizabeth Lopez, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze De Leon, Massiell, Machaca, Ronald Coasaca Huaraya, Andy, Arenas, Crislee, López, Clara Milagros Herrera Puma, Wilfredo, Pino, Christian, Hinojosa, Melanie Zapata Ponze De Leon, Susan, Limache, George Manrrique Sila, Portugal: Renato Melo, Layza-Alejandra Mercado Rodriguez (Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado Espinoza)., Jose, Costa-Maia, Romania: Ionasc Dan, Nuno Muralha (Servico De Cirurgia Geral - Centro Hospitalar Sao Joao - Porto). Reunion: Frederique Sauvat (Chu Reunion)., Mircea, Hogea, Pandi Eduard (Emergency Clinical Hospital Brasov), Razvan-Matei, Bratu, Mircea, Beuran, Ionut-Bogdan, Diaconescu, Bogdan-Valeriu, Martian, Florin-Mihail, Iordache, Mihaela Vartic (Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest), Lucian Corneliu Vida, Liviu Iuliu Muntean, Rwanda: Vizir Jean Paul Nsengimana (Chuk), Aurel Sandu Mironescu (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov)., Alice, Niragire, Jean De La Croix Allen Ingabire, San Marino: Nicola Zanini, Eugene Niyirera (University Teaching Hospital Of Kigali)., Elio, Jovine, Alomar, Giovanni Landolfo (San Marino State Hospital). Saudi Arabia: Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry (Buraydah Central Hospital), Abdulrahman M., Moayad, Othman, Nohad Osman (Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal Hospital), Enas Alqahtani (King Abdulaziz Hospital Al Ahsa National Guard), Mohammed, Alzahrani, Rifan, Alyami, Emad Aljohani (King Abdulaziz Medical City), Ibrahim, Alhabli, Zaher, Mikwar, Sultan Almuallem (King Abdulaziz Medical City (King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah), Emad, Aljohani, Mohammed Alzahrani (King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh), Abrar, Nawawi, Mohamad, Bakhaidar, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Mohammed, Alsaggaf, Murad, Aljiffry, Abdulmalik, Altaf, Ahmad, Khoja, Alaa, Habeebullah, Nouf Akeel (Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi, Arabia), Nashat, Ghandora, Abdullah, Almoflihi, Abdulmalik Huwait (King Fahad General Hospital), Abeer, Al-shammari, Mashael Al-Mousa (King Fahad Hospital), Masood, Alghamdi, Walid, Adham, Bandar, Albeladi, Muayad Ahmed Alfarsi, Atif, Mahdi, Saad Al Awwad (King Fahd Hospital), Thamer, Nouh, Mazen Hassanain (King Khaled University Hospital, King Saud University), Salman, Aldhafeeri, Nawal, Sadig, Osama Algohary (King Khalid General Hospital), Mohannad, Aledrisy, Ahmad Alrifaie (King Khalid National Guard Hospital), Mohammed, Alrowais, Amani Althwainy (Department of Surgery, Alaa, Shabkah, Uthman, Alamoudi, Mawaddah Alrajraji (National Guard Hospital), Basim, Alghamdi, Saud, Aljohani, Abdullah Daqeeq (Rcymc), South Africa: Vicky Jennings, Jubran J Al-Faifi (Security Forces Hospital)., Nyawira, Ngayu, Rachel Moore (Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital), Victor Kong (Edendale Hospital), Hayden, Kretzmann, Katie, Connor, Daniel Nel (Frere Hospital), Colleen, Sampson, Eugenio Panieri (Groote Schuur), Nosisa Sishuba (Helen Joseph Hospital, Department Of Surgery, University Of The Witwatersrand), Myint, Tun, Albert Mohale Mphatsoe, Jo-Anne Carreira (Leratong Hospital), Mark Wagener (Ngwelezana Hospital), Stefan, Botes, Spain: Fernando Fernandez-Bueno (Hospital Central De La Defensa Gomez Ulla), Danelo Du Plessis (Rob Ferreira Hospital)., Jose, Aguilar-Jimenez, Sms), Jose Andres Garcia-Marin (Hospital Morales Meseguer., Lorena Solar García, Luis Joaquín García Florez, Rubén Darío Arias Pacheco (Hospital San Agustín), Janet, Pagnozzi, Jimy Harold Jara Quezada, Jose Luis Rodicio, German, Minguez, Raquel, Rodríguez-Uría, Paul, Ugalde, Camilo, Lopez-Arevalo, Luis, Barneo, Jessica Patricia Gonzales Stuva (Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias), Irene, Ortega-Vazquez, Lorena, Rodriguez, Sri Lanka: Prasad Pitigala Arachchi, Norberto Herrera (Severo Ochoa University Hospital)., Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya Arachchige (Department Of General Surgery, Teaching Hospital Kandy), Sivasuriya, Sivaganesh, Dulan Irusha Samaraweera, Sudan: Ahmed Elgaili Khalid Musa, Vimalakanthan Thanusan (National Hospital Of Sri Lanka)., Reem Mohammed Hassan Balila, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad Mohamed (Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital), Hussein, Ali, Hagir Zain Elabdin, Alaa Hassan (Jarash International Specialized Hospital), Sefeldin, Mahdi, Hala, Ahmed, Sahar Abdoun Ishag Idris (Khartoum Teaching Hospital), Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Elsayed, Sweden: Magnus Boijsen, Mohamed Mahmoud (Omdurman Teaching Hospital)., Per-Olof Lundgren (Capio St Goran Hospital), Ulf, Gustafsson, Ali Kiasat (Danderyds Hospital), Fredrik, Wogensen, Emma, Jurdell, Anders Thorell (Department Of Surgery, Ersta, Hospital, Stockholm), Hildur, Thorarinsdottir, Maria Utter (Helsingborgs Lasarett), Sami Martin Sundstrom (Hudiksvall Sjukhus), Cecilia, Wredberg, Ann Kjellin (Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset), Johanna, Nyberg, Bjorn Frisk (Skaraborg Hospital Skovde), Malin, Sund, Linda, Andersson, Ulf Gunnarsson (Department Of Surgical And Perioperative Sciences, Umea University and Umea University Hospital), Yücel, Cengiz, Sandra, Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund (Sundsvall Hostpital) Hanna Royson, Per Weber (Vaexjoe Central Hospital), Hans-Ivar, Pahlsson, Eva Borin (Visby Hospital, Department Of Surgery), Maria Hjertberg (Vrinnevi Hospital), Hanna, Royson, Switzerland: Roger Schmid, Per Weber (Vaxjo Central Hospital)., Debora, Schivo, Vasileios Despotidis (Bürgerspital Solothurn), Stefan, Breitenstein, Ralph, F Staerkle, Erik Schadde (Kantonsspital Winterthur), Fabian, Deichsel, Alexandra, Gerosa, Antonio Nocito (Kantonsspital Baden), Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Barbara, Mijuskovic, Markus, Zuber, Lukas Eisner (Kantonsspital Olten), Swantje, Kruspi, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christin Schoewe (Kreisspital Fuer Das Freiamt Muri Ag), Allan, Novak, Palma, Adrian F., Gerfried Teufelberger (Kreisspital Muri, Tanzania: Msafiri Kimaro, Department Of Surgery)., Rachel King (Mbalizi Christian Designated Hospital) Turkey: Ali Zeynel Abidin Balkan, Mehmet, Gumar, Mehmet Ali Yavuz (Harran University Research And Treatment Hospital), Ufuk, Karabacak, Gokhan, Lap, Bahar Busra Ozkan (Ondokuz Mayis University, Medical, Faculty), Bahar Busra Ozkan, United Kingdom: Ryan Adams, Murat Karakahya (Ordu University Training And Research Hospital)., Robert, Morton, Liam, Henderson, Ruth, Gratton, Keiran David Clement, Kate Yu-Ching Chang, David, Mcnish, Ryan, Mcintosh, William Milligan (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary), Brendan, Skelly, Hannah, Anderson-Knight, Roger Lawther (Altnagelvin Area Hospital), Jemina, Onimowo, Veereanna, Shatkar, Shivanee Tharmalingam (Barking, Havering And Redbridge University Hospitals Trust (Queens Hospital, Romford), Evelina, Woin, Tessa, Fautz, Oliver Ziff (Barnet General Hospital), Shiva, Dindyal, Sam, Arman, Shagorika, Talukder, Vijay, Gadhvi, Shagorika Talukder (Basildon And Thurrock University Foundation Trust), Luen Shaun Chew, Jonathan Heath (Blackpool Victoria Teaching Hospitals), Natalie, Blencowe, Sally, Hallam, Katherine Gash (Bristol Royal Infirmary), Gurdeep Singh Mannu, Dimitris-Christos, Zachariades, Ailsa Claire Snaith (Buckinghamshire NHS Trust), Thusitha Sampath Hettiarachchi, Arjun, Nesaratnam, James Wheeler (Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Darragh, Mccullagh, Joshua Michael Clements, Ata Khan (Causeway Hospital), Foteini, Koumpa, Christina, Neophytou, Jessica, Roth, Wai Cheong Soon, Mohammed, Deputy, Ahmed, Ahmed, Annelisse, Ashton, Joe, Vincent, Jack, Almy, Taufiq, Khan, John Lee, Y Allen, Charlotte Jane Mcintyre, Dominic Charles Marshall (Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust), Mark, Sykes, Nebil, Behar, Harriet Jordan (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital), Yaseen, Rajjoub, Thomas Sherman (Cheltenham General Hospital), Timothy, White, Anna, Watts, Rohan Ardley (Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust), Tan, Arulampalam, Apar, Shah, Damien Brown (Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust), Emma, Blower, Paul, Sutton, Konstantinos, Gasteratos, Dale Vimalachandran (Countess Of Chester Hospital), Cathy, Magee, Andrew Mcguigan (Craigavon Area Hospital), Stephen, Mcaleer, Clare Morgan (Daisy Hill Hospital), Sarah Braungart (Department Of Paediatric Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary), Kirsten, Lafferty, Peter, Labib, Andrei, Tanase, Clodagh, Mangan, Lillian, Reza, Clodagh Mangan (Derriford Hospital), Helen, Woodward, Craig, Gouldthorpe, Megan Turner (Diana Princess Of Wales Hospital), Jonathan R, L Wild, Tom AM Malik, Victoria, K Proctor (Doncaster Royal Infirmary NHS Foundation Trust), Kalon, Hewage, James Davies (Dorset County Hospital), Andre, Dubois, Sayed, Sarwary, Ali, Zardab, Alan, Grant, Robert Mcintyre (Dr Grays Hospital), Yogendra Praveen Mogan, Weiguang, Ho, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi Chong (Dumfries And Galloway Royal Infirmary), Shirish, Tewari, Gemma, Humm, Eriberto Farinella (East And North Hertfordshire NHS Trust Lister Hospital) Nigel, J Hall, Naomi, J Wright, Christina, P Major (Evelina Children's Hospital), Thelma, Xerri, Phoebe De Bono, Jasim, Amin, Mustafa, Farhad, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Andrew G, N Robertson, Joanna, Swann, James, Richards, Aijaz, Jabbar, Myranda, Attard, Hannah, Burns, Euan, Macdonald, Matthew, Baldacchino, Jennifer, Skehan, Julian Camilleri-Brennan (Forth Valley Royal Hospital), Tom Falconer Hall, Madelaine, Gimzewska, Greta Mclachlan (Frimley Park Hospital), Jamie, Shah, James Giles (George Elliot Hospital), Selina, Chiu, Beatrix, Weber, Selina Man Yeng Chiu, Saskia Highcock (Gilbert Bain Hospital), Maleeha, Hassan, William, Beasley, Apostolos, Vlachogiorgos, Stephen, Dias, Geta, Maharaj, Rosie Mcdonald (Glangwili General Hospital), Alisdair, Macdonald, Paul, Witherspoon, Alan Baird (Glasgow Southern General Hospital), Panchali, Sarmah, Nikki, Green, Haney Youssef (Good Hope Hospital), Kate, Cross, Clare, M Rees, Bernard Van Duren (Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Foundation Trust), Emma Upchurch (Great Western Hospital), Khurram, Khan, Haytham, Abudeeb, Ahmed Hammad (Hairmyres Hospital, Nhs, Lanarkshire), Sharad, Karandikar, Doug, Bowley, Ahmed Karim (Heart Of England Foundation Trust), Witold, Chachulski, Liam, Richardson, Giles, Dawnay, Ben, Thompson, Ajayesh, Mistry, Aneel, Bhangu, Millika, Ghetia, Sudipta, Roy, Ossama, Al-Obaedi, Kaustuv Das (Hereford County Hospital), Ash, Prabhudesai, Cocker, Dm, Jessica Juliana Tan (Hillingdon Hospital), Robert, Tyler, Filippo Di Franco, Shruti Ayyar (Hinchingbrooke Hospital), Sayinthen, Vivekanantham, Shyam Gokani (Imperial College London), Michael, Gillespie, Katrin Gudlaugsdottir (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Theodore, Pezas, Chelise, Currow, Matthew Young-Han Kim (Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust), Amerdip, Birring, Joanne, Edwards, Ased, Ali, Suparna, Das, Madan, Jha, Kieran Atkinson (James Cook University Hospital), Joshua, Luck, Thomas, Fozard, Michael Puttick (John Radcliffe Hospital), Yahya, Salama, Rohi, Shah, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Hamdi, Ebdewi, Gianpiero, Gravante, Saleem El-Rabaa (Kettering General Hospital), Henry, Nnajiuba, Rebecca, Allott, Aman Bhargava (King George Hospital), Zoe, Chan, Zaffar Hassan (Kings College Hospital), Misty, Makinde, David, Hemingway, Ramzana, Dean, Alexander, Boddy, Ahmed, Aber, Vijay Patel (Leicester Royal Infirmary), Jehangirshaw Parakh (Leighton Hospital, - Mid Cheshire NHS Foundation Trust), Sunil Parthiban (Lister Hospital), Harmony Kaur Ubhi, Simon-Peter Hosein (Luton And Dunstable Hospital), Simon, Ward, Kamran Malik (Macclesfield District General Hospital), Leifa, Jennings, Tom, Newton, Mirna, Alkhouri, Min Kyu Kang, Christopher, Houlden, Jonathan Barry (Morriston Hospital), Imtanan, Raza, Alistair, Farquharson, Sanjeet Bhattacharya (NHS Ayrshire), William, Milligan, Kate, Chang, Liam Henderson (NHS Grampian), Michael S, J Wilson, Yan Ning Neo, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Emily, Chan, Fraser, S Peck, Pei, J Lim, Alexander, S North, Rebecca, Blundell, Adam Williamson (Ninewells Hospital, NHS), Dina, Fouad, Ashish Minocha (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital), Kathryn, Mccarthy, Emma, Court, Alice Chambers (North Bristol NHS Trust), Jenna, Yee, Ji Chung Tham, Ceri Beaton (North Devon District Hospital), Una, Walsh, Joseph, Lockey, Salman, Bokhari, Lara, Howells, Megan, Griffiths, Laura Yallop (Northwick Park Hospital), Shailinder, Singh, Omar, Nasher, Paul Jackson (Nottingham Children's Hospital At Queens Medical Centre Campus), Michael, Puttick, Thomas Fozard (Oxford University Hospitals), Abdul Muiz Shariffuddin, Weng Chee Ho, Michael Sj Wilson, Gurpreet Pabla (Perth Royal Infirmary), Saed, Ramzi, Shady, Zeidan, Jennifer Doughty (Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust), Sidhartha, Sinha, Ross, Davenport, Jason Lewis (Princess Alexandra Hospital), Leo, Duffy, Elizabeth, Mcaleer, Eleanor Williams (Princess Of Wales Hospital), Robin, Som, Omar Javed (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woolwich), Matthew, Boal, Nicola, Harrison, Habib, Tafazal, Omar, Javed, Tom, Brogden, Ewen Griffiths (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham) Rhalumi Daniel Obute, Thomas, E Glover, David, J Clark (Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn), Mohamed, Boshnaq, Mansoor, Akhtar, Pascale, Capleton, Samer, Doughan, Mohamed, Rabie, Ismail Mohamed (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital), Duncan, Samuel, Lauren, Dickson, Matthew, Kennedy, Eleanor, Dempster, Emma, Brown, Natalie, Maple, Eimear, Monaghan, Bernhard, Wolf, Alicia Garland (Raigmore Hospital), Arthur, Mcphee, David, Anderson, Robert Anderson (Royal Alexandria Hospital), Sarah, Hassan, Dave Smith (Royal Bolton Hospital), Jonathan, Lund, Catherine, Boereboom, Jennifer, Murphy, Gillian, Tierney, Samson Tou (Royal Derby Hospital), Eleanor Franziska Zimmermann, Neil James Smart, Andrea Marie Warwick (Royal Devon And Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust), Theodora, Stasinou, Ian, Daniels, Kim Findlay-Cooper (Royal Devon &, Exeter NHS Foundation Trust), Stefan, Mitrasinovic, Swayamjyoti, Ray, Massimo, Varcada, Rovan, D'Souza, Sharif Omara (Royal Free Hospital), Matthew, Spurr, Lucienne, Parkinson, Anthony Hanks (Royal Glamorgan Hospital), Jennifer, Ma, Emily, Abington, Meera, Ramcharn, Gethin Williams (Royal Gwent Hospital), Joseph, Winstanley, Kennedy, Ewan D., Emily NW Yeung (Royal Hospital For Sick Children), Catrin, Jones, Stephen, O'Neill, Shujing Jane Lim, Ignatius, Liew, Hari, Nair, Cameron, Fairfield, Julia, Oh, Samantha, Koh, Andrew, Wilson, Catherine Fairfield (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Delran, Anandkumar, Ashok, Kirupagaran, Timothy, F Jones, Hew Dt Torrance, Alexander, J Fowler, Charmilie, Chandrakumar, Priyank, Patel, Syed Faaz Ashraf, Lakhani, Sonam M., Aaron Lawson Mclean, Sonia Basson (Royal London Hospital), Jeremy, Batt, Catriona, Bowman, Natasha Benons (Royal United Hospital Bath), Clare, Mason, Rebecca, Harrison, John Quayle (Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust), Tom, Barker, Virginia, Summerour, Edward Harper (Sandwell And West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust), Caroline, Smith, Matthew Hampton (Sheffield Children's Hospital), Sophie, K Pitt, Alex, E Ward, Timothy, O’Connor, Emily, G Heywood, Thomas, M Drake (Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Abeed, Chowdhury, Sina, Hossaini, Nicholas Fs Watson (Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Doug, Mckechnie, Ayaan, Farah, Anita Chun (Southend University Hospital), Hoey, Koh, Grace, Lim, Graham Sunderland (Southern General Hospital), Laura, Gould, Alice Chambers (Southmead Hospital), C Munipalle, P, Rooney, H, D R, L Browning (Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust), Bernadette, Pereira, Kristof Nemeth (St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust), Emily, Decker, Stefano, Giuliani, George's Healthcare NHS Trust And University), Aly Shalaby (St., Shafaque, Shaikh, Chern Yan Tan, James's University Hospital), Ebrahim Y A Palkhi (St., Aleksandra, Szczap, Swathikan, Chidambaram, Chee Yang Chen, Kavian, Kulasabanathan, Srishti Chhabra (St Mary's Hospital), Elisabeth, Kostov, Philippe, Harbord, Mary's Hospital), James Barnacle (St., Madan Mohan Palliyil, Mina, Zikry, Johnathan, Porter, Charef, Raslan, Shazia, Hafiz, Niksa, Soltani, Katie Baillie (Stockport NHS Foundation Trust), Priyanka, Singh, Shailee, Sheth, Kishen, Patel, Mahry, Khalili, Jeesoo, Choi, Matthew Benger (St Thomas' Hospital), Lucy, Marples, Alastair, Macfarlane, Thomas Hospital), Ramesh Thurairaja (St., Tamsin, Boyce, Harriet, Whewell, Elin Jones (The Royal Gwent Hospital), Francesca, Th'Ng, Nichola Robertson (The Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Ahmad, Mirza, Haroon, Saeed, Simon Galloway (The University Hospital Of South Manchester), Gia, Elena, Mohammad, Afzal, Mohamed Zakir (United Lincolnshire Hospitals, - Pilgrim Hospital), Peter, Sodde, Charles, Hand, Aiesha, Sriram, Tamsyn, Clark, Patrick, Holton, Amy Livesey (University Hospital Coventry And Warwickshire), Yashashwi, Sinha, Fahad Mujtaba Iqbal, Indervir Singh Bharj (University Hospital Of North Midlands), Adriana, Rotundo, Cara, Jenvey, Robert Slade (University Hospital Of North Staffordshire NHS Trust), David, Golding, Samuel, Haines, Ali Adel Ne'ma Abdullah, Thomas, W Tilston, Dafydd, Loughran, Danielle, Donoghue, Lorenzo, Giacci, Mohamed Ashur Sherif, Peter, Harrison, Alethea Tang (University Hospital Of Wales), Deevia Kotecha (University Hospitals Leicester, - Leicester Royal Infirmary), Mohamed, Elshaer, Tomas, Urbonas, Amjid, Riaz, Annie, Chapman, Parisha, Acharya, Joseph Shalhoub (Watford General Hospital), Cathleen, Grossart, David McMorran (Western General Hospital), Makhosini, Mlotshwa, William, Hawkins, Sofronis Loizides (Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust), Kandaswamy, Krishna, Melanie, Orchard, Chik Wai Ho (Weston General Hospital), Peter, Thomson, Shahab, Khan, Fiona, Taylor, Jalak, Shukla, Emma Elizabeth Howie (Whipps Cross University Hospital), Linda, Macdonald, Olusegun, Komolafe, Neil Mcintyre (Wishaw General Hospital), James, Cragg, Jody, Parker, Duncan Stewart (Wrexham Maelor Hospital), Luke, Lintin, Julia, Tracy, United States: George Molina, Tahir Farooq (Yeovil District Hospital)., Haytham, Kaafarani, Laura Luque (Massachusetts General Hospital), Robel, Beyene, Jack, Sava, Mark Scott (Medstar Washington Hospital Center), Mamta, Swaroop, Raelene Kennedy (Northwestern Memorial Hospital), Ijeoma, A Azodo, Daithi, Heffernan, Tristen, Chun, Andrew Stephen (The Rhode Island Hospital), Melanie, Sion, Weinstein, Michael S., Viren Punja (Thomas Jefferson University Hospital), Nikolay, Bugaev, Monica, Goodstein, Shadi Razmdjou (Tufts Medical Center), Eric, Etchill, Juan Carlos Puyana, Matthew Kesinger (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, - Presbyterian Hospital), Lena, Napolitano, Kathleen, To, Zambia: Oliver Todd, Mark Hemmila (University Of Michigan)., Edward, Jenner, Local collaborators (GlobalSurg-2) Albania: Besmir Grizhja, Ellen Hoogakker (St Francis Hospital)., Shpetim, Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi (Spitali Rajonal Shkoder), Argentina: Roberto Klappenbach, Diego, Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia, Costa, Belen, Sanchez, Susan Aviles (Hospital Zonal General De Agudos Simplemente Evita), Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén, Balmaceda, Santiago, Villalobos, Lagomaggiore, Juan Manuel Carmona (Hospital Luis C., Mendoza), Australia: Daniel Hamill, Peter, Deutschmann, Simone, Sandler, Daniel Cox (Alice Springs Hospital), Ram, Nataraja, Claire, Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar (Monash Medical Center), Demi Gray, Morgan Haines (Port Macquarie Base Hospital), Dush, Iyer, Nithya, Niranjan, Scott D'Amours (Liverpool Hospital), Morvarid, Ashtari, Bangladesh: Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Helena Franco (Gold Coast University Hospital)., Sabbir Karim (Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital), Nowrin F. Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee (Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College &, Umme, Salma, Joyeta, Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta (Dhaka Medical College And Hospital), Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid, Alamin, Swapnil, Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim (Armed Forces Medical College), Muhtarima, Haque, Amreen, Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar (Birdem Bangladesh Institute Of Research And Rehabilitation In Diabetes Endocrine And Metabolic Disorder General Hospital), Barbados: Margaret O'Shea, Greg, Padmore, Belarus: Andrey Litvin, Ramesh Jonnalagadda (Queen Elizabeth Hospital)., Aliaksandr, Filatau, Dzmitry, Paulouski, Maryna, Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava (Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital), Dzianis, Khokha, Vladimir Khokha (City Hospital) Benin: Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga), Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno, Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga), Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou (Clinique Vignon), Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou (Hopital El Fateh), Max, Dénakpo, Burundi: Carlos Nsengiyumva, Germain Ahlonsou (Hospital Saint Luc). Botswana: Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada (Princess Marina Hospital)., Sandrine, Kwizera, Cambodia: Philip Choi, Venerand Barendegere (Hopital Militaire De Kamenge)., Simon Stock (World Mate Emergency Hospital) Canada: Luai Jamal, China: Tzu-Ling Chen, Arnav Agarwal (The Hospital For Sick Children)., Colombia: Irene Montes, Chingwan Yip (Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital)., Felipe, Zapata, Sebastian Sierra (Clinica CES), Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo (Clinica Las Vegas), Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Croatia: Edgar Domini, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación)., Robert, Karlo, Egypt: Mohamed Youssef, Jakov Mihanovic (Zadar General Hospital)., Waleed, Thabet, Aly, Sanad, Ahmed, Zaki, Noran, Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed, Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed, Ghanem, Adel, Denewar, Eman, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Ahmad, Sakr, Rehab, Elashry, Sameh Emile (Mansoura University Hospital), Toqa, Khafagy, Sara, Elhamouly, Arwa, Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer, Esam, Eman, Elwy, Aya, Hammad, Salwa, Khallaf, Eman, Ibrahim, Ahmed, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed, Elgheriany, Eman, Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha, Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Gamal, Hend, Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty (Menofiya University Hospital), Dina, Gamal, Nada, El-Sagheer, Mohamed, Salah, Salma, Magdy, Asmaa, Salah, Ahmed, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Mahmoud, Badawy, Sara Ahmed (Beni Suef University Hospital), Mazed, Mohamed, Abdelrahman, Assal, Mohamed, Sleem, Mai, Ebidy, Aly Abd Elrazek, Diaaaldin, Zahran, Nourhan, Adam, Mohamed, Nazir, Adel, B Hassanein, Ahmed, Ismail, Amira, Elsawy, Rana, Mamdouh, Mohamed, Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman, Magdy, Manar, Abd-Elmawla, Marwan, Fahim, Bassant, Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran, Allam, Muhammad, Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed, Ismail, Mahmoud, Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Adel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mohamed Karkeet (Alexandria Main UniversIty Hospital), Hayam, Ahmed, Israa, Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Omar, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Shimaa, Gamal, Karim, Hilal, Omar, Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla, Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan, Elsabbagh, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr, Hossameldin, Ethar, Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan, Anwar, Mohamed, Gadelkarim, Samar, Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham, Saad, Nourhan, Soliman, Mahmoud Salama (Alexandria Medical Research Institute), Eslam, Ezzat, Arwa, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Alaa, Fergany, Sara, Mohammed, Aya, Reda, Yomna, Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan, Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed, El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Arij, Ibrahim, Amr, Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada, Elhoseny, Mohamed, Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia, Zakaria, Tarek, Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed, Kelany, Sara, Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien, Ahmed, Kholoud, Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah (Faculty Of Medicine, Zagazig, University), Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya, Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman, Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah, Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz, Elhendawy, Aliang, Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul, Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Dina, Al-Marakby, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata (Faculty Of Medicine, Tanta, University), Maha, Nasr, Asmaa, Rezq, Ahmed, Sheta, Sherif, Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman KZ Darwish, Sohaila, Elmihy, Shady, Elhadry, Ahmed, Farag, Haidar, Hajeh, Abdelaziz, Abdelaal, Amro, Aglan, Ahmed, Zohair, Mahitab, Essam, Omar, Moussa, Esraa, El-Gizawy, Mostafa, Samy, Safia, Ali, Esraa, Elhalawany, Ahmed, Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Samar, Soliman, Alaa, Elazab, Mostada Samy (El-Menshawy General Hospital), Mohamed, A Abdelaziz, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar, Gado, Usama Hantour (Al-Hussein Hospital), Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa, Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman, Hashad, Fathy, Sroor, Doaa, Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud, Zakaria, Fawzy, Mohamed, Marwan, Abubakr, Elsayed, Ali, Hesham, Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma, Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud, Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham, Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira, Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed, Talaat, Shahinaz, Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha, Abdullah, Mohammed, Elshaar, Aya AbdelFatah Ibraheem, Hager, Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed, Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah (Benha Faculty Of Medicine), Mahmoud, Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid (October, 6 University Hospital), Attia, Attia, Ayman Shwky (Bab El-Shareia University Hospital), Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman, Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar (The Memorial Soaad Kafafi University Hospital), Farrag, Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Muhammad, Shawqi, Abdullah, Hashim, Ahmed, Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Amal, Ibrahim, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa, Qenawy, Rashed, Ahmed M., Ahmed, Dahy, Marwa, Sayed, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Bakeer, Mohamed, Ahmad, Hasan, Saad, Mahmoud M., Khalil Abdul Bassit (Assiut University Hospital), Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada, Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah, Hafez, Ahmed, Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd Elsameea, Mohamed, Hafez, Ahmad, Sabe, Ataa, Ahmed, Ahmed, Shahine, Khaled, Dawood, Shireen, Gaafar, Reem, Husseiny, Omnia, Aboelmagd, Ahmed, Soliman, Nourhan, Mesbah, Hossam, Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa, Hasan, Khaled, Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Majed, Aboelella, Ward, Hamsho, Ihab, Hassan, Hala, Saad, Galaleldin, Abdelazim, Hend, Mahmoud, Noha, Wael, Ahmedali, M Kandil, Ahmed, Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem, Dabbour, Saged, Elsherbiney, Omar, Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman, Geuoshy, Ahmedglal, Elnagar, Saraibrahim, Ahmed, Ibrahem, Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Manar, Saeed, Shady, Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay, Zakaria, Gad, Mariam O., Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica, Bassem, Noha, Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan, Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, AA Essam (Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo, University), Dina, Tarek, Khlood, Ashour, Alaa, Elhadad, Abdulrahman, Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim, Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha, Abdelhamed, Omar, Abdelkader, Ayat, Hassaan, Yasmin, Soliman, Amna, Mohamed, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher (Faculty Of Medicine Seuz Canal University), Merna, Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida, Elsemelawy, Aya, El-Sawy, Ahmad, Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati (Smouha University Hospital), Estonia: Sten Saar, Arvo, Reinsoo, Peep Talving (The North Estonia Medical Centre), Ethiopia: Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros, Worku, Agazi Fitsum (Addis Ababa University, College Of Health Sciences, School Of Medicine), Finland: Matti Tolonen, Ville Sallinen (Helsinki University Hospital), France: Benoît Parmentier, Matthieu, Peycelon, Sabine Irtan (Trousseau Hospital, APHP), Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert (GHICL), Betty, Maillot, Etienne, Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet (CHU Rennes), Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme (CHU Toulouse), Quentin, Ballouhey, Céline, Grosos, Laurent Fourcade (CHU Limoges), Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene (CHU Martinique), Xavier Delforge, Elodie Haraux (CHU Amiens Picardie), Bertrand, Dousset, Roberto, Schiavone, Sebastien Gaujoux (Cochin, - APHP), Jean-Baptiste, Marret, Aurore, Haffreingue, Julien Rod (CHU Caen), Mariette Renaux-Petel (CHU Rouen), Jean-François, Lecompte, Jean, Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi (CHU Lenval Nice), Chouikh, Taieb, Raquillet, Claire, Echaieb Anis (Hopital Robert Ballanger, Paris), Nasir, Bustangi, Manuel, Lopez, Aurelien Scalabre (CHU De Saint Etienne), Maria Giovanna Grella (CHU Poitiers), Aurora, Mariani, Guillaume, Podevin, Françoise Schmitt (CHU Angers), Aline, Broch, Cecile Muller (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Ghana: Stephen Tabiri, APHP)., Dickson, Bandoh, Francis, Abantanga, Martin, Kyereh, Hamza, Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh (Tamale Teaching Hospital), Adam, Gyedu, Charles, Dally, Kwabena, Agbedinu, Michael, Amoah, Abiboye Yifieyeh (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Particks Hospital), Frank Owusu (St., Mabel, Amoako-Boateng, Makafui, Dayie, Richmond, Hagan, Sam Debrah (Cape Coast Teaching Hosital), Micheal, Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat, Clegg-Lampety, Victor, Etwire, Jonathan, Dakubo, Samuel, Essoun, William, Bonney, Hope, Glover-Addy, Samuel, Osei-Nketiah, Joachim, Amoako, Niiarmah, Adu-Aryee, William, Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette, Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), Mattew, Ekow, Emmanuel, Akatibo, Musah Yakubu (Baptist Medical Center, Nalerigu), Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Kwasi, Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie (Keta Hospital District Hospital, Keta), Kenneth, Aaniana, Emmanuel, Acquah, Richard, Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony, Avoka, Kwasi, Kusi, Kwame Maison (Techiman Holy Family Hospital), Frank Enoch Gyamfi (Berekum Holy Family Hospital), Gandau Naa Barnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif (Upper West Regional Hospital), Philip Taah Amoako (Samapa Government Hospital), Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah (Upper East Regional Hospital), Mary's Hospital), Enoch Dagoe (St., Prince Kwakyeafriyie (Essumejaman Sda Hospital, Dominase), Elliot, Akoto, Eric, Ackom, Ekow Mensah (Dormaa Presbyterian Hospital), Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson (Brongho-Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani) Greece: Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos, Ferousis, Vasileios, Kalles, Christos, Agalianos, Ioannis, Kyriazanos, Christos, Barkolias, Angelos, Tselos, Georgios, Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris (Naval And Veterans Hospital), Dimitrios, Lytras, Athanasia, Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos (Achillopoyleio General Hospital Of Volos), Anastasios Stefanopoulos (General Hospital Of Nafplio, Department Of Surgery), Ioannis, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Sfougaris, Gennimatas Hospital), Ioannis Valioulis (G., Dimitrios, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Dimitrios, K Manatakis (Saint Savvas Cancer Hospital), Georgios, Kyrou, Georgios, Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos (General And Oncological Hospital Of Kifissia-Athens), Kolonia, Konstantina, Nikolaos, Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos (General Hospital Of Larissa), Aspasia, Papailia, Theodosios, Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas (2nd Dept Of Surgery, Aretaieion, Hospital, National, &, Kapodistrian University Of Athens School Of Medicine), Magdalini, Mitroudi, Christina, Panteli, Thomas, Feidantsis, Gennimatas General Hospital), Konstantinos Farmakis (G., Dimitrios, Kyziridis, Orestis, Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi (4th Surgical Department, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki, General, Hospital, Papanikolaou), Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris (Attikon University Hospital), Michail Margaritis (Serres General Hospital), Guatemala: Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto, Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), Luis, Tale, Emmanuel Barrios (Juan Josè Arevalo Bermejo), Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz (Hospital San Vicente), Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro, Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen (Hospital Herrera Llerandi), Haiti: Marie Paul, Angeline Charles (Hopital Universitaire De Mirebalais), Hong Kong SAR, China: Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei, Dao, Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, TWC Mak (Prince Of Wales Hospital), Qinyang, Liu, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang (University Of Hong Kong), India: Basant Kumar, Ankur, Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya (Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Sciences), Sunil Kumar (Excelcare Hospital), Uday, Muddebihal, Wasim, Dar, KC Janardha (Manipal Hospital), Philip Alexander, Neerav Aruldas (Lady Willingdon Hospital), Indonesia: Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy, Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan (Atma Jaya Hospital), Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani, Natalie, Oen Surakarta Hospital), Arlindawati Suyadi (Dr., Rudy, Gunawan, Herlin, Karismaningtyas, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih Mata, Ferry Fitriya Ayu Andika, Afifatun, Hasanah, T Ariani Widiastini, Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih, Annisa Dewi Fitriana Mukin, Dina Faizatur Rahmah, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbi Maulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama (Rsd Dr Soebandi), Wifanto Saditya Jeo, Nathania, Sutandi, Audrey, Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew, Billy, Andreass, Haloho, Nadya, Johanna, Felix Lee (Rsupn Cipto Mangunkusumo), Ireland: Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani, Martha, Glynn, Mohammad, Alherz, Wennweoi, Goh, Shiwani, Haaris A., Lorraine, Sproule, Conlon (Tallaght Hospital, Kevin C., Trinity College Dublin) Israel: Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar (Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center), Italy: Luca Turati, Federica, Bianco, Francesca Steccanella (Treviglio Hospital), Gaetano, Gallo, Mario, Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico (Department of Colorectal Surgery, Rita Clinic, S., Vercelli), Matteo, Papandrea, Giuseppe, Sammarco, Rosario Sacco (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario Mater Domini Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro), Luisa Giavarini (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi, Bucci, Gianluca, Pagano, Viviana, Sollazzo, Roberto, Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio (Federico II University Of Naples), Arianna, Birindelli, Gregorio Tugnoli (Maggiore Hospital), Pietro, Mingrone, Domenica Pata (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital, Rossano), Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Selvaggi, Gianluca, Pellino, Natale Di Martino (Universitá della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples), Gianluca, Curletti, Paolo, Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano (Ospedale Santa Corona, Pietra Ligure (SV)), Stefano, Berti, Elisa, Francone, Andrea Hospital, Silvia Boni (S., Poll-Asl, 5, Spezia), La, Lorenzon, Laura, Annalisa lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci (Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome), Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti (Azienda Ospedaliera Alessandro Manzoni), Laura, Gavagna, Giorgio, Vasquez, Simone, Targa, Savino, Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara), Andrea, Armellini, Spedali Civili Di Brescia), Deborah Chiesa (A. O., Fabrizio, Aquilino, Nicola, Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico Di Bari), Mohamed, Abdelkhalek, Andrea, Belli, Silvia De Franciscis (Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione, Pascale-, I. R. C. C. S. )., Annamaria, Bigaran, Alessandro, Favero, 5 Friuli Occidentale), Stefano M. M Basso (Azienda Per L'assistenza Sanitaria N., Paola, Salusso, Martina, Perino, Sylvie, Mochet, Diego, Sasia, Francesco, Riente, Marco Migliore (Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera San Luigi Gonzaga), David, Merlini, Silvia, Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini (Ospedale Di Rho, - ASST Rhodense), Veronica, Lazzari, Luigi Bonavina (IRCCS Policlinico, University of Milano, San, Donato), Daniele, Angelieri, Diego, Coletta, Federica, Falaschi, Marco, Catani, Claudia, Reali, Mariastella, Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio, Ribaldi, Massimo, Coletti, Andrea, Natili, Norma, Depalma, Immacolata, Iannone, Angelo, Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi (Policlinico Umberto, I Emergency Surgery Department), Daniele, Gui, Gerardo, Perrotta, Matteo, Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli), Erika, Vicario, Gabriela Elisa Nita (AO Papa Giovanni XXIII), Nicoletta, Leone, Anna Maffioli (Ospedale Sacco), Andrea, Simioni, Davide De Boni, Sandro Pasquali (IOV, - Istituto Oncologico Veneto), Elena, Goldin, Elena, Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli (Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova), Umberto, Tedeschi, Paola, Violi, Tommaso, Campagnaro, Simone, Conci, Giovanni, Lazzari, Calogero, Iacono, Alfredo, Gulielmi, Serena Manfreda (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona), Anna, Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi), Giuseppe, Salamone, Mirko, Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta, Tutino, Vania, Silvestri, Leo, Licari, Tommaso, Fontana, Nicolò, Falco, Gianfranco Cocorullo (Policlinico Paolo Giaccone di Palermo), Mostafa, Shalaby, Pierpaolo, Sileri, Claudio Arcudi (Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome) Jordan: Isam Bsisu, Khaled, Aljboor, Lana, Abusalem, Aseel, Alnusairat, Ahmad, Qaissieh, Emad, Al-Dakka, Ali, Ababneh, Oday Halhouli (Jordan University Hospital), Kenya: Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed (Kenyatta National Hospital), Justus, Lando, Robert, Parker, Wairimu Ndegwa (Tenwek Hospital), Lithuania: Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta, Gribauskaite, Donatas Venskutonis (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Justas, Kuliavas, Audrius, Dulskas, Samalavicius (Klaipeda University Hospital, Narimantas E., National Cancer Institute), Kristijonas, Jasaitis, Audrius, Parseliunas, Viktorija, Nevieraite, Evelina, Slapelyte, Edvinas, Dainius, Zilvinas, Dambrauskas, Andrejus, Subocius, Linas, Venclauskas, Antanas, Gulbinas, Simona, Kasputyte, Deimante, Mikuckyte, Mindaugas, Kiudelis, Tomas, Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Matas, Pažuskis, Zigmantas, Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas (Republican Hospital of Kaunas), Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas, Gaižauskas, Edvard, Grisin, Povilas, Mazrimas, Mantas, Drungilas, Karolis, Lagunavicius, Vytautas, Lipnickas, Dovilè, Majauskyté, Tomas, Abaliksta, Laimonas, Uščinas, Gintaras, Simutis, Adomas, Ladukas, Donatas, Danys, Erikas, Laugzemys, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene (Vilnius University Hospital), Petras, Višinskas, Reda, Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas (Hospital Of Jonava), Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis (Taurage Hospital), Arturas, Vaicius, Ruta, Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas (Viesoji Istaiga Rokiskio Rajono Ligonine), Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė (Republican Hospital Of Klaipeda), Madagascar: Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra (Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital), Malawi: Cornelius Mukuzunga, Vanessa, Msosa, Chimwemwe, Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska (Kamuzu Central Hospital), Malaysia: Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah (Hospital Keningau), Pui Xin Chin, Nur Zulaika Riswan (Kajang Hospital), Hoong-Yin, Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong, Poh, Chu-Ann, Chai, Sandip Kumar (University Malaya Medical Centre), Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre UKMMC), Rokayah, Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, Goh Ern Tze, R., Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali (Sarawak General Hospital), Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting (Hospital Sibu), Sii, Samuel S. Y., Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Har, Prisca A. L., Yishan Der (Hospital Sultanah Aminah), Yong Yong Tew, Fitjerald, Henry, Xinwei Low (Selayang Hospital), Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei, Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami, Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong (Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar), Kuhaendran, Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan (Hospital Keningau), Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo (Hospital Pulau Pinang, / Penang Medical College), Malta: Nicole Grech, Daniela, Magri, Kristina, Cassar, Christine, Mizzi, Malcolm, Falzon, Nihaal, Shaikh, Ruth, Scicluna, Stefan, Zammit, Sean, Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma, Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara, Grima, Keith, Sammut, Kurt, Carabott, Ciskje, Zarb, Andre, Navarro, Thea, Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac, Bertuello, Jeffrey, Dalli, Karl Bonavia (Mater Dei Hospital), Mexico: Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol, Manriquez-Reyes, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina (Hospital Español de Veracruz), Morocco: Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek, Hrora, Sarah, Benammi, Houda, Bachri, Meryem, Abbouch, Khaoula, Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader, Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche (IBN Sina Hospital) Netherlands: Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer (Ijsselland Hospital) Nicaragua: Javier Pastora, Greta, Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo (Hospital Escuela Oscar Danilo Rosales Arguello), Nigeria: Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji, Ayandipo, Taiwo, Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq (University College Hospital, Ibadan), Muslimat, Alada, Abdulrasheed, Nasir, James, Adeniran, Olufemi, Habeeb, Ademola Adeyeye (University Of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin), Ademola, Adebanjo, Adewale Adeniyi (Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, ), Henry, Mendel, Bashir, Bello, Umar Muktar (Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital), Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola, Oshati, George, Ihediwa, Babajide, Adenekan, Victor, Nwinee, Abdulrazzaq, Lawal, Chris, Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi (Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Oluwatomi, Odutola, Oluwaseyi, Adebola, Clement, Onuoha, Fatai, Balogun, Olalekan, Ajai, Iloba, Njokanma, Roland Osuoji (Lagos State University Teaching Hospital), Stephen, Kache, Jonathan, Ajah, Jerry Makama (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna), Ahmed, Adamu, Suleiman, Baba, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Aliyu, Yahaya, Ukwenya, Halima, Aliyu, Tunde, Sholadoye, Muhammad, Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria), Abdurrahaman, Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad (Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital), Samson, Olori, Philip, Mshelbwala, Garba, Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel (University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Anthony, Ajiboye, Isaac, Amole, Olajide, Abiola, Akin Olaolorun (Bowen University Teaching Hospital), Norway: Kjetil Søreide, Torhild, Veen, Arezo, Kanani, Kristian, Styles, Ragnar, Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide (Stavanger University Hospital), Elisabeth, Jensen, Mads, Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin (University Hospital Of Northern Norway), Tina, Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss (Oslo University Hospital), Giedrius, Lauzikas, Joachim, Wiborg, Silje Holte (Sykehuset Telemark HF), Knut Magne Augestad, Gurpreet Singh Banipal, Thomas Tetens Moe, Johannes Kurt Schultz (Akershus University Hospital), Palestine: Taher Al-taher, Ayah, Hamdan, Ayman, Salman, Rana, Saadeh, Aseel, Musleh, Dana, Jaradat, Soha, Abushamleh, Sakhaa, Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel, Hamarshi, Ayman And Taher (Al Makassed Islamic Charitable Society Hospital, Jerusalem), Israa, Qawasmi, Khalid, Qurie, Marwa, Altarayra, Mohammad, Ghannam, Alaa, Shaheen, Azher Herebat (Alia Governmental Hospital), Aram, Abdelhaq, Ahmad, Shalabi, Maram, Abu-toyour, Fatema, Asi, Ala, Shamasneh, Anwar, Atiyeh, Mousa, Mustafa, Rula, Zaa'Treh, Majd Dabboor (Palestine Medical Complex), Enas, Alaloul, Heba, Baraka, Jehad, Meqbil, Alaa, Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed, Elshami, Samah, Afana, Sahar, Jaber, Said, Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda (Islamic University of Gaza Medical School, European Gaza Hospital &, Shifa, Hospital), Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider (Mizan hospital), Sara, Al-saqqa, Alaa, Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa, Hasanain, Hadeel, Al-farram, Maram, Salah, Aya, Firwana, Marwa, Hamdan, Israa Awad (Al-Shifa Hospital), Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi (Bit Hanoun Hospital), Ahmed, Al-khatib, Maha, Al-faqawi, Mohamed Fares (Nasser Hospital), Amjad, Elmashala, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi (Beit Jala Governmental Hospital), Reem, Khreishi, Rose Khreishi (Martyr Thabet Govermental hospital, Tulkarem), Ahmad, Ashour, Ahed Ghaben (Indonesian Hospital, Gaza) Pakistan: Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain (Allied Hospital, Faisalabad), Jibran, Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Tanzeela, Gala, Noman Shahzad (Aga Khan University), Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat ul Razi, Asdaq, Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi (Bahawal Victoria Hospital), Ibrahim, Raza, Fatima, Baluch, Ahmed, Raza, Ahmad, Bani-Sadar, Muhammad, Adil, Awais Raza (King Edward Medical University, Mayo, Hospital, Lahore), Mahnoor, Javaid, Muhammad, Waqar, Maryam Ali Khan (CMH Lahore Medical And Dental College), Mohammad Mohsin Arshad, Mohammadasim Amjad (Nishtar Medical College And Hospital), Paraguay: Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O´Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo (Hospital de Clínicas, II Cátedra de Clínica Quirúrgica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción) Peru: Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana, Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar, Razuri, Nadia, Ortiz, Xianelle, Rodriguez, Nahilia, Carrasco, Fridiz, Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María, Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan, Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo (Hospital Nacional Arzopispo Loayza), Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena, Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen, Fernández, Bárbara, Málaga, Joselyn Ye (Hospital Cayetano Heredia), Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo (Clínica De Especialidades Médicas), Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo (Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen), Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin, Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson, Mas, Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar (Hospital Regional De Ayacucho), Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina, Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis (Hospital III José Cayetano Heredia), Kenny Turpo Espinoza (Hospital Nacional Maria Auxiliadora), José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta (Hospital De Policia), Mora, Philippines: John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maño (The Medical City), Maria Jesusa B., Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon (Department Of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University Of The Philippines Manila), Poland: Maciej Walędziak, Rafał, Roszkowski, Michał Janik (Department Of General, Oncological, Metabolic And Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute Of Medicine, Warsaw), Anna, Lasek, Piotr, Major, Dorota, Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz (2nd Department Of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College), Portugal: Cristina Fernandes, Renato Melo (Centro Hospitalar De São João), Romania: Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov), Amar Kourdouli, Mariuca Popa (Spital Judetean De Urgenta Din Craiova), Hogea Mircea (Spitalul Clinic Judetean Brasov), Mihaela, Vartic, Bogdan, Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut, Negoi, Cezar Ciubotaru (Emergency Hospital of Bucharest), Allen Ingabire, Rwanda: J. C., Norbert Uzabumwana (University Teaching Hospital Of Kigali), Dieudonne Duhoranenayo (Kibungo Hospital), San Marino: Elio Jovine, Nicola, Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo (San Marino State Hospital), Saudi Arabia: Murad Aljiffry, Faisal, Idris, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Ashraf, Maghrabi, Aroub, Alkaaki, Sondos Turkustani (Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah) Eyad Khalifah, Adel, Albiety, Sarah, Sahel, Reham, Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar (Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and Oncology Center, Jeddah) Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed, Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi (King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah) Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed, Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz (King Fahad Medical City, Mazen, Hassanain, Basmah, Alhassan, Abdullah, Altamimi, Reem, Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Roaa Khan (King Khaled University Hospital), Serbia: Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana, Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic (Clinic For General Surgery, Clinical Center Nis), Singapore: Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Bettina, Lieske, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon, Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee (National University Hospital) South Africa: Kent Pluke, Britta, Dedekind, Puyearashid, Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton (Victoria Hospital Wynberg), Johanna, Joosten, Sanju, Sobnach, Liana, Roodt, Anthony, Sander, James, Pape, Richard Spence (Groote Schuur), Niveshni Maistry (Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital), Phumudzo, Ndwambi, Kamau, Kinandu, Myint Tun (Leratong Hospital), Frederick Du Toit, Quinn, Ellison, Sule, Burger, Grobler, Dc, Lawrence Bongani Khulu (Tembisa Tertiary Provincial Hospital), Rachel, Moore, Vicky, Jennings, Astrid Leusink (Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital), Nazmie, Kariem, Juan, Gouws, Kathryn, Chu, Heather, Bougard, Fazlin, Noor, Angela Dell (New Somerset Hospital), Stephanie Van Straten (Helen Joseph Hospital, University Of Witwatersrand), Arvin, Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo (Stanger Hospital), Yoshan, Moodley, Frank, Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba (Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital), Flip du Plooy (Mediclinic Potchefstroom), Leila, Hartford, Gareth, Chilton, Parveen Karjiker (Mitchell's Plain District Hospital), Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu (Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital), Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich (Milpark Hospital) Spain: Jaime Ruiz-Tovar (University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos), Luis, Garcia-Florez, Otero-Díez, Jorge L., Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez (Hospital Universitario San Agustín), Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem (Hospital Universitario de Getafe), Mariana, Gonzalez, Antonio, Picardo, Enrique, Esteban, Esther, Ferrero, Irene Ortega (Infanta Sofía University Hospital), Eloy, Espin-Basany, Ruth, Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola (Hospital Valle De Hebron), Elisa, Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Sandra, Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel, Dorismé, Joseluis, Rodicio, Aida, Suarez, Jessica, Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico (Central University Hospital Of Asturias), Laura, Fernandez-Vega, Carla, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima, Sena-Ruiz, Natalia, Pujol-Cano, Paula, Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina, Pineño-Flores, David, Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea, Craus-Miguel, Patricia, Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella (Hospital Universitario Son Espases), B Jayathilake, Sri Lanka: A., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Wijayarathna, L. S., Wimalge (University Surgical Unit, P. M. S. N., Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura), Kitts And Nevis: Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, St., Aliyu, Ndajiwo, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie (Joseph, N France Hospital) Sudan: Anmar Homeida, Abobaker, Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa, Abdulaziz, Ali, Mussad, Ali Adam (University of Gezira), Sweden: Yucel Cengiz, Ida, Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist (Sundsvall Hospital), Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen (Ersta Hospital), Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand (Mora Hospital), Hildur Thorarinsdottir (Helsingborgs Lasarett), Johanna, Sigurdadottir, Maziar, Nikberg, Abbas Chabok (Västmanlands Hospital Västerås), Maria Hjertberg (Department Of Surgery And Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, Linköping, University, Norrköping, Sweden), Peter, Elbe, Deborah, Saraste, Wiktor, Rutkowski, Louise Forlin (Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Solna), Karoliina, Niska, Malin Sund (Umea University Hospital) Switzerland: Dennis Oswald, Georgios, Peros, Rafael, Bluelle, Katharina, Reinisch, Daniel, Frey, Adrian Palma (Gzo Spital Wetzikon), Lucius, Zumbühl, Markus Zuber (Kantonsspital Olten), Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder (Buergerspital Solothurn), Antonio, Nocito, Silke Mahanty (Kantonsspital Baden), Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia, Müller, Alissa Gübeli (Hospital Davos), Grzegorz Zuk (Gzo Spital Wetzikon), Turkey: Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Yuksel, Altinel, Talar Vartanoglu (Bagcilar Research And Training Hospital), Emin, Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin (Okmeydanı Training And Research Hospital), Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay, Halicioglu, Sadi Konuk Training And Research Hospital), Halil Alis (Bakirkoy Dr., Ipek, Sapci, Can, Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan, Tansoker, Vedatcan, Işler, Muazzez, Cevik, Deniz, Mutlu, Volkan, Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa, Bayram, Sinem, Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu (Acibadem University School of Medicine, Atakent, Hospital), Kagan, Karabulut, Vahit, Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan (Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty), Saban, Celik, Anil, Semiz, Selim, Bodur, Enisburak, Gül, Busra, Murutoglu, Reyyan, Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin, Arslan, Mehmet, Ulusahin, Ali Guner (Karadeniz Technical University Faculty Of Medicine), United Kingdom: Nathan Walker, Nikhita, Shrimanker, Simon Cole (Royal United Hospital Bath), Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan (Blackpool Victoria Hospital), Kristina, Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani (Watford General Hospital), Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair, Rocke, Lachlan, Dick, Mobeen Qureshi (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Debkumar Chowdhury (University Hospital Ayr), Naomi, Wright, Clare, Skerritt, Thomas' Hospitals), Dorothy Kufeji (Guy's And St., Adrienne, Ho, Tharindra, Dissanayake, Athula, Tennakoon, Wadah Ali (Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust), Charlene, Tan, Catrin Jones (Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy), Stephen, Knight, Dima, Nassif, Abhishek Sharma (Perth Royal Infirmary), Oliver, Warren, Rebecca, White, Aia, Mehdi, Nathan, Post, Eliana, Kalakouti, Enkhbat, Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital), Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow (Northampton General Hospital), Francisca, Wong, Ashish, Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar (Queen's Hospital, BHR University Hospitals NHS Trust), Suraj, Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley (North Middlesex University Hospital), Rebecca, Wakefield, Philip, Herrod, James, Blackwell, Jonathan Lund (Royal Derby Hospital), Fraser, Cohen, Ashwath, Bandi, Stefano Giuliani (St George's Hospital), Giles, Bond-Smith, Neda, Farhangmehr, Miklos Perenyei (John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford), Philip, Ireland, Kirk, Bowling, David Bunting (Gloucestershire Royal Hospital), Lydia, Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh (Royal Devon &, Exeter, Hospital), Hyunjin, Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun, Khosla, Anna, Jeffery, James Perera (Maidstone &, Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust), Ella Teasdale (Western Isles Hospital), Tariq, Alhammali, Yahya Salama (Kettering General Hospital NHS Trust), Rakan Kabariti, Shaun Oram (Nevill Hall Hospital), Thomas, Kidd, Fraser, Cullen, Christopher, Owen, Michael, Wilson, Seehui, Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic (Ninewells Hospital), Jennifer, Ploski, Elizabeth, Evans, Athar, Abbas, Sylvia, Kamya, Norzawani, Ishak, Carly, Bisset, Cedar, Andress, Ye Ru Chin (Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley), Priya, Patel, David Evans (University Hospital, Wales), Anna Jeffery, James Perera (Maistone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust), Aidan, Haslegrave, Adam, Boggon, Kirsten, Laurie, Thomas Mann (Borders General Hospital), Anahita, Mansuri, Rachel, Davies, Ewen Griffiths (University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust), Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin, Eng, Farhat, Din, Ariadne, L'Heveder, Park, Esther H. G., Ramanish, Ravishankar, Kirsten, Mcintosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke, Chan, Susan McGarvie (Western General Hospital, Edinburgh), Lingshan, Tang, Hui, Lim, Suhhuey, Yap, Jay, Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh, Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke, Walls, Chloe, Roy, Simon, Paterson-Brown, Julian, Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth, Mclean, Michelle, S D'Souza, Savva, Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital), William, English, Catrin, Morgan, Dominic, Townsend, Laura, Maciejec, Shareef, Mahdi, Onyinye, Akpenyi, Elisabeth, Hall, Hanaan, Caydiid, Zakaria, Rob, Tom, Abbott, Hew, D Torrance (The Royal London Hospital), Gareth Irwin, Robin Johnston (Ulster Hospital Dundonald), Mohammed Akil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante (Leicester Royal Infirmary), Shivanchan, Rajmohan, Kiran, Majid, Christopher Smith (West Middlesex University Hospital), Madanmohan, Palliyil, Sanjay, Patel, Luke, Nicholson, Neil, Harvey, Katie, Baillie, Sam, Shillito, Suzanne, Kershaw, Rebecca, Bamford, Peter Orton (Stockport NHS Foundation Trust), Elke, Reunis, Wai Cheong Soon (Good Hope Hospital), Jama, Guled M., Dharminder, Dhillon, Khyati Patel (Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall), Shayanthan, Nanthakumaran, Rachel, Heard, Kar Yan Chen (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary), Behrad, Barmayehvar, Uttaran, Datta, Sivesh, K Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar (Heartlands Hospital), Sobhana Iftekhar Tani (Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust), Philippa, Donnelly, Michael Walker (Raigmore Hospital), Jehangirshaw, Parakh, Sarah, Blacker, Anil Kaul (Whiston Hospital), Arjun Paramasivan (Darlington Memorial Hospital), Sameh, Farag, Ashrafun, Nessa, Salwa Awadallah (Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospital NHS Foundation Trust), Jieqi, Lim, James Chean Khun Ng (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow), United States: Katherine Gash, Kiran, Ravi P., Alice Murray (New York Presbyterian Hospital, / Columbia University Medical Center), Mohini, Dasari, Juan Puyana (University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center, - Presbyterian), Nadeem, Haddad, Martin, Zielinski, Asad Choudhry (Mayo Clinic), Celeste, Caliman, Mieshia, Beamon, Therese Duane (John Peter Smith Hospital), Ragavan Narayanan, Mamta Swaroop (Northwestern Memorial Hospital / Northwestern University), Jonathan, Myers, Rebecca, Deal, Erik Schadde (Rush University Medical Centre), Mark, Hemmila, Kathleen To (University Of Michigan Medical Center) Zambia: Alex Makupe, Joseph, Musowoya, Mayaba Maimbo (Ndola Central Hospital), Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson, Kumwenda, Alex, Reece-Smith, Kars, Otten, Anna, Verbeek, Marloes Prins (St Francis Mission Hospital) Data validators (GlobalSurg-2) Argentina: Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez (Simplemente Evita), Ruben Balmaceda (Hospital Lagomaggiore), Barbados: Chelsea Deane (Queen Elizabeth Hospital), Croatia: Emilio Dijan (Zadar General Hospital), Egypt: Mahmoud Elfiky (Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University), Finland: Laura Koskenvuo (Helsinki University Hospital), France: Aurore Thollot (CHU Poitiers), Bernard Limoges (CHU Limoges), Carmen Capito (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Challine Alexandre (Hopital Cochin, Henri Kotobi (Trousseau Hospital, Julien Leroux (CHU Rouen), Kalitha Pinnagoda (CHU Toulouse), Nicolas Henric (CHU Angers), Olivier Azzis (CHU Rennes), Olivier Rosello (CHU Nice), Poddevin Francois (GHICL), Sara Etienne (CHU Saint Etienne), Philippe Buisson (CHU Amiens Picardie), Sophian Hmila (Hopital Robert Ballanger, Ghana: Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), Osman Imoro (Baptist Medical Centre), Owusu Emmanuel Abem (Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Paul Wondoh (Upper West Regional Hospital), Greece: Dimitrios Papageorgiou (Naval And Veterans Hospital Of Athens), Vasiliki Soulou (Anticancer Hospital Of Athens Agios Savvas), Guatemala: Sabrina Asturias (Hospital Herrera Llerandi Amedesgua), Lenin Peña (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), India: Basant Kumar (Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute Of Medical College Lucknow), Ireland: Donal B O’Connor (Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College Dublin), Italy: Alberto Realis Luc (Santa Rita Clinic, Alfio Alessandro Russo (Treviglio Hospital), Andrea Ruzzenente (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona), Antonio Taddei (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi), Camilla Cona (IOV, - Istituto Oncologico Veneto), Corrado Bottini (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Giovanni Pascale (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara), Giuseppe Rotunno (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital, Leonardo Solaini (University Of Brescia, Spedali Civili Di Brescia, ), Marco Maria Pascale (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli', ), Margherita Notarnicola (University Of Bari 'Aldo Moro'), Mario Corbellino (Ospedale Luigi Sacco Milano), Michele Sacco (Federico II University of Naples), 5 'Friuli Occidentale', Paolo Ubiali (Azienda per L'Assistenza Sanitaria N., Pordenone), Roberto Cautiero (Second University Of Naples), Tommaso Bocchetti (Sant’Andrea Hospital, Andrea Hospital, Elena Muzio (S., Vania Guglielmo (Policlinico Umberto I, Emergency Surgery Department), Eugenio Morandi (Ospedale di Rho, – ASST Rhodense), Patrizio Mao (San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano), Emilia De Luca (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Jordan: Farah Mahmoud Ali (Jordan University Hospital), Margherita Notarnicola (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico Di Bari)., Lithuania: Justas Žilinskas (Klaipeda Republic), Kestutis Strupas (Vilnius University Hospital), Paulius Kondrotas (Taurage County Hospital), Robertas Baltrunas (Rokiskis District Municipality Hospital), Juozas Kutkevicius (Department Of General Surgery, Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Povilas Ignatavicius (Hospital Of Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics), Malaysia: Choy Ling Tan (Hospital Sultanah Aminah), Jia Yng Siaw (Hospital Sibu), Sir Young Yam (Penang Medical College), Ling Wilson (Sarawak General Hospital), Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz (University Malaya Medical Centre), Malta: John Bondin (Mater Dei Hospital), Mexico: Carmina Diaz Zorrilla (Hospital Espanol De Veracruz), Morocco: Anass Majbar (Centre Hospitalier Ibn Sina Rabat), Nigeria: Danjuma Sale (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital), Lawal Abdullahi (Aminu KanoTeaching Hospital), Olabisi Osagie (University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital), Omolara Faboya (Lagos State Teaching Hospital), Adedeji Fatuga (Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Agboola Taiwo (Babcock University Teaching Hospital), Emeka Nwabuoku (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital), Norway: Marte Bliksøen (Oslo University Hospital), Pakistan: Zain Ali Khan (Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur), Paraguay: Jazmin Coronel (Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción) Peru: Cesar Miranda (Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia), Idelso Vasquez (Lima Almenara), Helguero-Santin (Hospital Regional III Jose Cayetano Heredia – Piura), Luis M., Rwanda: Jennifer Rickard (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Kigali), Romania: Aurel Mironescu (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov), Saint Kitts and Nevis: Adesina Adedeji (Joseph, N France Hospital), Saudi Arabia: Saleh Alqahtani (King Fahad General Hospital), South Africa: Max Rath (Groote Schuur Hospital), Michael Van Niekerk (New Somerset Hospital), Modise Zacharia Koto (Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital), Roel Matos-Puig (Stanger Hospital), Sweden: Leif Israelsson (Sundsvall), Switzerland: Tobias Schuetz (Kantonsspital Olten), Turkey: Mahmut Arif Yuksek (Ondokuz Mayis University), Meric Mericliler (Acibadem University School of Medicine, Mehmet Uluşahin (Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital), United Kingdom: Bernhard Wolf (Raigmore Hospital Inverness), Cameron Fairfield (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Guo Liang Yong (Perth Royal Infirmary), Katharine Whitehurst (Royal Devon And Exeter), Michael Wilson (Ninewells Hospital And Medical School), Natalie Redgrave (John Radcliffe Hospital, Caroluce, K Musyoka (Royal Alexandra Hospital), James Olivier (Royal United Hospital Bath), Kathryn Lee (Queen Elizabeth Birmingham), Michael Cox (Royal Derby Hospital), Muhamed M, H Farhan-Alanie (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Rory Callan (North Middlesex University Hospital) Zambia: Chali Chibuye (Ndola Central Hospital) Protocol translators (GlobalSurg-2) Arabic, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine, Rekhis, Muna, Rommaneh, Oday, Halhouli, Chinese, Zi Hao Sam, Jacky Hong Chieh Chen, French, Dylan, Roi, Greek, Vasileios Kalles, Italian, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Portuguese, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel, Pardo, Spanish, Ruth, Blanco, Eugenio Grasset, Escobar., Gallo, Gaetano, Adisa, A. O., Costas-Chavarri, A., Allen-Ingabire, J. C., Lilford, R. J., Harrison, E. M., Pinkney, T. D., Verjee, A., Runigamugabo, E., Altamini, A., Borda-Luque, G., Cornick, J., Fitzgerald, J. E., Kirby, A., Mihaljevic, A. L., Morton, D., Ntirenganya, F., Ots, R., Shaw, C. A., Khatri, C., Gobin, N., Freitas, A. V., Hall, N., Kim, S. -H., Negida, A., Jaffry, Z., Chapman, S. J., Arnaud, A. P., Tabiri, S., Recinos, G., Manipal, C. E., Mohan, M., Amandito, R., Shawki, M., Hanrahan, M., Zilinskas, J., Roslani, A. C., Goh, C. C., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Irwin, G., Shu, S., Luque, L., Shiwani, H., Altamimi, A., Alsaggaf, M. U., Spence, R., Rayne, S., Jeyakumar, J., Raptis, D. A., Glasbey, J. C., Modolo, M. M., Iyer, D., King, S., Arthur, T., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Walsh, M., Agarwal, A., Zani, A., Firdouse, M., Rouse, T., Liu, Q., Correa, J. C., Salem, H. K., Talving, P., Worku, M., Kalles, V., Kumar, B., Kumar, S., Quek, R., Pata, F., Ansaloni, L., Altibi, A., Venskutonis, D., Poskus, T., Whitaker, J., Msosa, V., Tew, Y. Y., Farrugia, A., Borg, E., Ramos-De La Medina, A., Bentounsi, Z., Soreide, K., Gala, T., Al-Slaibi, I., Tahboub, H., Alser, O. H., Romani, D., Major, P., Mironescu, A., Bratu, M. R., Kourdouli, A., Ndajiwo, A., Altwijri, A., Gudal, A., Jubran, A. F., Seisay, S., Lieske, B., Ortega, I., Senanayake, K. J., Abdulbagi, O., Altinel, Y., Kong, C., Teasdale, E., Stoddart, M., Kabariti, R., Suresh, S., Gash, K., Narayanan, R., Maimbo, M., Fermani, C., Macdermid, E., Chenn, R., Yong, C. O., Edye, M., Jarmin, M., D'Amours, S. K., Youssef, D., Phillips, N., Brown, J., George, R., Koh, C., Warren, O., Hanley, I., Dickfos, M., Nawara, C., Ofner, D., Primavesi, F., Mitul, A. R., Mahmud, K., Hussain, M., Hakim, H., Kumar, T., Oosterkamp, A., Assouto, P. A., Lawani, I., Souaibou, Y. I., Tun, A. K., Chong, C. L., Devadasar, G. H., Qadir, M. R. M., Aung, K. P., Yeo, L. S., Castillo, V. D. P., Munhoz, M. M., Moreira, G., De Castro Segundo, L. C. B., Ferreira, S. A. K., Careta, M. C., Kim, S. B., De Sousa, A. V., Cury, A. D. L., Miguel, G. P. S., De Freitas, A. V. C., Silvestre, B. P., Vianna, J. G. P., Felipe, C. O., Laufer, L. A. V., Altoe, F., Da Silva, L. A., Pimenta, M. L., Giuriato, T. F., Morais, P. A. B., Luiz, J. S., Araujo, R., Menegussi, J., Leal, M., De Lima, C. V. B., Tatagiba, L. S., Leal, A., Dos Santos, D. V., Fraga, G. P., Simoes, R. L., Stock, S., Nigo, S., Kabba, J., Ngwa, T. E., Azzie, G., Kushwaha, S., Bailey, K., Cameron, B., Livingston, M., Horobjowsky, A., Deckelbaum, D. L., Razek, T., Marinkovic, B., Grasset, E., D'Aguzan, N., Jimenez, J., Macchiavello, R., Zhang, Z., Guo, W., Oh, J., Zheng, F., Montes, I., Sierra, S., Mendez, M., Villegas, M. I., Arango, M. C. M., Mendoza, I., Aristizabal, F. A. N., Botero, J. A. M., Riaza, V. M. Q., Restrepo, J., Morales, C., Cruz, H., Munera, A., Karlo, R., Domini, E., Mihanovic, J., Radic, M., Zamarin, K., Pezelj, N., Hache-Marliere, M., Lemaire, S. B., Rivas, R., Khyrallh, A., Hassan, A., Shimy, G., Fahmy, M. A. B., Nabawi, A., Elfil, M., Ghoneem, M., Gohar, M. E. S. A. M., Asal, M., Abdelkader, M., Gomah, M., Rashwan, H., Karkeet, M., Gomaa, A., Hasan, A., Elgebaly, A., Saleh, O., Fattah, A. A., Gouda, A., Elshafay, A. E., Gharib, A., Menshawy, A., Hanafy, M., Al-Mallah, A., Abdulgawad, M., Baheeg, M., Alhendy, M., Fattah, I. A., Kenibar, A., Osman, O., Gemeah, M., Mohammed, A., Adel, A., Sayed, A., Abozaid, M., El-Badri Kotb, A. H., Ata, A. A. A., Nasr, M., Alkammash, A., Saeed, M., El Hamid, N. A., Attia, A. M., El Galeel, A. A., Elbanby, E., El-Dien, K. S., Hantour, U., Alahmady, O., Mansour, B., Elkorashy, A. M., Taha, E. M. S., Lasheen, K. T., Elkolaly, S. S., Abdel-Wahab, N. Y. E., Abozyed, M. A. F., Saeed, A. M., El Sayed, G. S., Youssif, J. H., Ahmed, S. M., El-Shahat, N. S., Khedr, A. E. R. H., Elsebaaye, A. O., Elzayat, M., Abdelraheim, M., Elzayat, I., Warda, M., El Deen, K. N., Elnemr, A. E., Salah, O., Abbas, M., Rashad, M., Elzayyat, I., Hemeda, D., Tawfik, G., Salama, M., Khaled, H., Seisa, M., Elshaer, K., Hussein, A., Elkhadrawi, M., Afifi, A. M., Ebrahim, O. S., Metwally, M. M., Elmelegy, R., Elsawahly, D. M. E., Safa, H., Nofal, E., Elbermawy, M., Ghazy, A. A., Samih, H., Abdelgelil, A., Abdelghany, S., Kholy, A. E., Aboraya, M., Elkady, F., Salma, M., Samy, S., Fakher, R., Aboarab, A., Samir, A., Sakr, A., Haroun, A., Al-Aarag, A. A. R., Elkholy, A., Elshanwany, S., Ghanem, E., Tammam, A., Hammad, A. M., Shoura, Y. E., Ashal, G. E., Antar, S., Mehrez, S., Abdelshafy, M., Hamad, M. G. M., Hosh, M., Abdallah, E., Magdy, B., Alzayat, T., Gamaly, E., Elfeki, H., Abouzahra, A., Elsheikh, S., Elgendy, F. I., El-Salam, F. A., Seifelnasr, O., Ammar, M., Eysa, A., Sadek, A., Toeema, A. G., Nasr, A., Abuseif, M., Zidan, H., Barakat, S. A. E., Elsayed, N., Elrasoul, Y. A., Elkelany, A., Ammar, M. S., Mustafa, M. -A., Hegazy, Y., Etman, M., Saad, S., Alrahawy, M., Raslan, A., Morsi, M., Rslan, A., Sabry, A., Elwakil, H., Shaker, H., Abd-Elrasoul, Y., El-Kashef, H., Shaalan, M., Tarek, A., Elwan, A., Nayel, A. R., Seif, M., Emadeldin, D., Ghonaim, M. A., Almallah, A., Fouad, A., Sayma, E. A., Elbatahgy, A., El-Ma'doul, A. S., Mosad, A., Tolba, H., Elsorogy, D. E. A. A., Mostafa, H. A., Omar, A. A., El Hameed, O. S. A., Lasheen, A., El Salam, Y. A., Morsi, A., Ismail, M., El-Badawy, H. A., Amer, M. A., El-Hamouly, A. S., Attallah, N. A., Mosalum, O., Afandy, A., Mokhtar, A., Abouelnasr, A., Ayad, S., Shaker, R., Sakr, R., Amreia, M., Elsobky, S., Mustafa, M., Magd, A. A. E., Marey, A., Hafez, A. T., Zalabia, M. F., Mohamed, M. M., Fadel, A., Ahmed, E. A., Ali, A., Alwafai, M. G., Dwydar, A., Kharsa, S., Mamdouh, E., El-Sheemy, H., Al Youssef, I., Aly, A. K., Aldalaq, A., Alnawam, E., Alkhabbaz, D., Saad, M., Hussein, S., Elazayem, A. A., Meshref, A., Elashmawy, M., Mousa, M., Nashaat, A., Ghanem, S., Elsayed, Z. M., Elwaey, A., Elkadsh, I., Darweesh, M., Mohameden, A., Hafez, M., Badr, A., Badwy, A., Slam, M. A. E., Elazoul, M., Al-Nahrawi, S., Eldamaty, L., Nada, F., Ameen, M., Hagar, A., Elsehimy, M., Dawoud, H., Mesery, S. E., Gendy, A. E., Abdelkareem, A., Marey, A. S., Allam, M., Shehata, S., Abozeid, K., Elshobary, M., Fahiem, A., Sarsik, S., Hashish, A., Zidan, M., Hashish, M., Aql, S., Elhendawy, A. O. A., Husseini, M., Kasem, E., Gheith, A., Elfouly, Y., Soliman, A. R., Ibrahim, Y., Elfouly, N., Fawzy, A., Rashid, M., Elsherbiny, A. S., Sieda, B., Badwi, N. M., Mohammed, M. M. H., Mohamed, O., Habeeb, M. A., Starr, N., Desta, S., Wondimu, S., Abebe, N. S., Thomas, E., Asele, F. A., Dabessa, D., Zerihun, A. B., Scalabre, A., Frade, F., Irtan, S., Graffeille, V., Gaignard, E., Alimi, Q., Graffieille, V., Abbo, O., Mouttalib, S., Bouali, O., Hervieux, E., Aigrain, Y., Botto, N., Faure, A., Fievet, L., Panait, N., Eyssartier, E., Schmitt, F., Podevin, G., Parent, V., Martin, A., Muller, C., Bonnard, A., Peycelon, M., Abantanga, F., Boakye-Yiadom, K., Bukari, M., Owusu, F., Awuku-Asabre, J., Bray, L. D., Lytras, D., Psarianos, K., Bamicha, A., Kefalidi, E., Gemenetzis, G., Dervenis, C., Gouvas, N., Agalianos, C., Kontos, M., Kouraklis, G., Karousos, D., Germanos, S., Marinos, C., Anthoulakis, C., Nikoloudis, N., Mitroudis, N., Estupinian, S., Forno, W., Azmitia, J. R. A., Cabrera, C. C. R., Guevara, R., Aguilera, M., Mendez, N., Mendizabal, C. A. A., Ramazzini, P., Urquizu, M. C., Tale, F., Soley, R., Barrios, E., Rodriguez, D. E. M., Velasquez, C. I. P., Merida, S. M. C., Regalado, F., Lopez, M., Siguantay, M., Prasad, S. S., Kirishnan, A., Gyanchandani, N., Kumar, B. S., Rangarajan, M., Bhat, S., Sreedharan, A., Kinnera, S. V., Reddy, Y., Venugopal, C., Mittal, A., Nadkarni, S., Lakshmi, H. N., Malik, P., Limaye, N., Pai, S., Jain, P., Khajanchi, M., Satoskar, S., Satoskar, R., Mahamood, A. B., Rahmawati, F. N., Mayasari, M., Al-Hasani, R. K. M. J., Al-Hameedi, H. I. I., Ibraheem, H. I., Al-Azraqi, I. A. A., Sabeeh, L., Kamil, R., Telfah, M. M., Rasendran, A., Sheehan, J., Kerley, R., Normile, C., Gilbert, R. W., Song, J., Dablouk, M., Mauro, L., Dablouk, M. O., Kielty, P., Marks, E., Gosling, S., Mccarthy, M., Mirghani, D., Naqvi, S. A., Wong, C. S., Chung, S., D'Cruz, R., Cahill, R., Gosling, S. G., Fahy, C., Cadogan, D. D., Powell, A., Clifford, C., Driscoll, A., Paul, S., Lee, C., Bowe, R., Hutch, W., Mohan, H., O'Neill, M., Mealy, K., Danelli, P., Bondurri, A., Maffioli, A., Pasini, M., Pata, G., Roncali, S., Silvani, P., Carlucci, M., Faccincani, R., Bonavina, L., Macchitella, Y., Ceriani, C., Tugnoli, G., Saverio, S. 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A., Karim, R., Haque, M., Faruq, A., Iftekhar, F., O'Shea, M., Padmore, G., Jonnalagadda, R., Litvin, A., Filatau, A., Paulouski, D., Shubianok, M., Shachykava, T., Khokha, D., Khokha, V., Djivoh, F., Ismail, L., Dossou, F., Seto, D. M., Gbessi, D. G., Noukpozounkou, B., Keke, K. R., Hodonou, F., Ahounou, E. Y. S., Alihonou, T., Denakpo, M., Ahlonsou, G., Bedada, A. G., Nsengiyumva, C., Kwizera, S., Barendegere, V., Choi, P., Jamal, L., Chen, T. -L., Yip, C., Zapata, F., Lanau, M. I. V., Restrepo, I. M., Giraldo, R. S. R., Youssef, M., Thabet, W., Sanad, A., Zaki, A., Abdel-Hameed, N., Mostafa, M., Omar, M. F. W., Ghanem, A., Denewar, A., Emara, E., Rashad, E., Elashry, R., Emile, S., Khafagy, T., Elhamouly, S., Elfarargy, A., Mohamed, A. M., Nagy, G. S., Esam, A., Elwy, E., Khallaf, S., Ibrahim, E., Saidbadr, A., Moustafa, A., Mohammed, A. E., Elgheriany, M., Abdelmageed, E., Raouf, E. A. A., Elbanby, E. S., Elmasry, M., Farahat, M. M., Mansor, E. Y., Hegazy, E. 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Richard, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung‐Hee, Negida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Chapman, Stephen J, Arnaud, Alexis P, Manipal, Cutting Edge, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Zilinskas, Justa, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A, Modolo, Maria Marta, Iyer, Dushyant, King, Sebastian, Arthur, Tom, Nahar, Sayeda Nazmum, Waterman, Ade, Walsh, Michael, Agarwal, Arnav, Zani, Augusto, Firdouse, Mohammed, Rouse, Tyler, Liu, Qinyang, Correa, Juan Camilo, Talving, Peep, Worku, Mengistu, Arnaud, Alexi, Kalles, Vassili, Kumar, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Quek, Roy, Ansaloni, Luca, Altibi, Ahmed, Venskutonis, Donata, Poskus, Toma, Whitaker, John, Msosa, Vanessa, Tew, Yong Yong, Farrugia, Alexia, Borg, Elaine, Bentounsi, Zineb, Gala, Tanzeela, Al‐Slaibi, Ibrahim, Tahboub, Haya, Alser, Osaid H., Romani, Diego, Shu, Sebestian, 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Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos Barro, Ferreira, Salim Anderson Khouri, Careta, Maíra Cassa, Kim, Stella Binna, De Sousa, Alexandre Venancio, Cury, Alyne Daltri Lazzarini, Miguel, Gustavo Peixoto Soare, De Freitas, Ana Vega Carreiro, Guasti, Barbara Pereira Silvestre Julia, Vianna, Pinto, Felipe, Carolina Oliveira, Laufer, Luis Alberto Valente, Altoe, Fernanda, Da Silva, Luana Ayre, Pimenta, Marina Luiza, Giuriato, Thiago Fernande, Morais, Paulo Alves Bezerra, Araujo, Jessica Souza Luiz Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Lima, Caio Vinícius Barroso, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antônio, Santos, Diogo Viniciu, Fraga, Gustavo Pereira, Simoes, Romeo Lage, Stock, Simon, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, Jame, Azzie, George, Kushwaha, Sameer, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L, Razek, Tarek, Marinkovic, Bori, Grasset, Eugenio, D'aguzan, 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Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Elrasoul, Yasmin Abd, Elkelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat‐Allah, Hegazy, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Rslan, Ahmed, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Abd‐Elrasoul, Yasmin, El‐Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Emadeldin, Doaa, Ghonaim, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El‐Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, El Hameed, Ola Sherief Abd, Lasheen, Ahmed, El Salam, Yasser Abd, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, El‐badawy, Hager Ahmed, Amer, Mohamed A, El‐Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura A., Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, 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Rajan, Reynu, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella‐Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois‐Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean‐Francoi, Diaz‐Zorrilla, Carmina, De La Medina, Antonio Ramos‐, Gonzalez, Samantha Corro‐Diaz, Jacobe, Mário, Mapasse, Domingo, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty‐John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A, Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Williams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Lawal, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collin, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O, Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E, Ali, 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Pierina García, Barreda, Luis Miguel Alvarez, Ojeda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linare, Fujii, Francisco, Durand, Susana Yrma Aranzabal, Basto, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo, Rojas, Nelson Manuel Urbina, Yip, Sebastian Bernardo Shu, Vergara, Ana Lucia Contrera, Moran, Andrea Echevarria Rosa, Luque, Giuliano Borda, Castro, Manuel Rodriguez, Jaramillo, Ramon Alvarado, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Huaraya, Ronald Coasaca, Arenas, Andy, López, Crislee, Puma, Clara Milagros Herrera, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, De Leon, Melanie Zapata Ponze, Limache, Susan, Sila, George Manrrique, Rodriguez, Layza‐Alejandra Mercado, Melo, Renato, Costa‐Maia, Jose, Muralha, Nuno, Sauvat, Frederique, Dan, Ionasc, Hogea, Mircea, Eduard, Pandi, Bratu, Razvan‐Matei, Beuran, Mircea, Diaconescu, Ionut‐Bogdan, Martian, Bogdan‐Valeriu, Iordache, Florin‐Mihail, Vartic, Mihaela, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Nsengimana, Vizir Jean Paul, Niragire, Alice, Ingabire, Jean De La Croix Allen, Niyirera, Eugene, Zanini, Nicola, Jovine, Elio, Landolfo, Giovanni, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Ena, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al‐shammari, Abeer, Al‐Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al‐Faifi, Jubran J, Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Kretzmann, Hayden, Connor, Katie, Nel, Daniel, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Sishuba, Nosisa, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo‐Anne, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Fernandez‐Bueno, Fernando, Aguilar‐Jimenez, Jose, Garcia‐Marin, Jose Andre, García, Lorena Solar, Florez, Luis Joaquín García, Pacheco, Rubén Darío Aria, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Lui, Minguez, German, Rodríguez‐Uría, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez‐Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Lui, Stuva, Jessica Patricia Gonzale, Ortega‐Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Senanayake, Wanigasekara, Senanayake, Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasoori, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Boijsen, Magnu, Lundgren, Per‐Olof, Gustafsson, Ulf, Kiasat, Ali, Wogensen, Fredrik, Jurdell, Emma, Thorell, Ander, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Cengiz, Yücel, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Björklund, Ida, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Pahlsson, Hans‐Ivar, Borin, Eva, Hjertberg, Maria, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileio, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F, Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Marku, Eisner, Luka, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Kimaro, Msafiri, King, Rachel, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Karakahya, Murat, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu‐Ching, Mcnish, David, Mcintosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson‐Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Blencowe, Natalie, Hallam, Sally, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris‐Christo, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, Jame, McCullagh, Darragh, Clements, Joshua Michael, Khan, Ata, Koumpa, Foteini, Neophytou, Christina, Roth, Jessica, Soon, Wai Cheong, Deputy, Mohammed, Ahmed, Ahmed, Ashton, Annelisse, Vincent, Joe, Almy, Jack, Khan, Taufiq, Allen, John Lee Y, Mcintyre, Charlotte Jane, Marshall, Dominic Charle, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Rajjoub, Yaseen, Sherman, Thoma, White, Timothy, Watts, Anna, Ardley, Rohan, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantino, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R L, Malik, Tom AM, Proctor, Victoria K, Hewage, Kalon, Davies, Jame, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Mogan, Yogendra Praveen, Ho, Weiguang, Chong, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Hall, Nigel J, Wright, Naomi J, Major, Christina P, Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri‐Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G N, Swann, Joanna, Richards, Jame, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri‐Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, Jame, Chiu, Selina, Weber, Beatrix, Chiu, Selina Man Yeng, Highcock, Saskia, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolo, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, Mcdonald, Rosie, Macdonald, Alisdair, Witherspoon, Paul, Baird, Alan, Sarmah, Panchali, Green, Nikki, Youssef, Haney, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M, Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Khan, Khurram, Abudeeb, Haytham, Hammad, Ahmed, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Gile, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al‐Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, DM, Tan, Jessica Juliana, Tyler, Robert, Di Franco, Filippo, Ayyar, Shruti, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gokani, Shyam, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young‐Han, Birring, Amerdip, Edwards, Joanne, Ali, Ased, Das, Suparna, Jha, Madan, Atkinson, Kieran, Luck, Joshua, Fozard, Thoma, Puttick, Michael, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El‐Rabaa, Saleem, Nnajiuba, Henry, Allott, Rebecca, Bhargava, Aman, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Parthiban, Sunil, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon‐Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Raza, Imtanan, Farquharson, Alistair, Bhattacharya, Sanjeet, Chang, Kate, Wilson, Michael S J, Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S, Lim, Pei J, North, Alexander S, Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Shariffuddin, Abdul Muiz, Ho, Weng Chee, Wilson, Michael Sj, Pabla, Gurpreet, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ro, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Som, Robin, Javed, Omar, Boal, Matthew, Harrison, Nicola, Tafazal, Habib, Brogden, Tom, Griffiths, Ewen, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E, Clark, David J, Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Mcphee, Arthur, Anderson, David, Anderson, Robert, Hassan, Sarah, Smith, Dave, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil Jame, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay‐Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'Souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Spurr, Matthew, Parkinson, Lucienne, Hanks, Anthony, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily NW, Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatiu, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F, Torrance, Hew Dt, Fowler, Alexander J, Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Benons, Natasha, Mason, Clare, Harrison, Rebecca, Quayle, John, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Pitt, Sophie K, Ward, Alex E, O'Connor, Timothy, Heywood, Emily G, Chowdhury, Abeed, Hossaini, Sina, Watson, Nicholas F, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Koh, Hoey, Lim, Grace, Sunderland, Graham, Gould, Laura, Munipalle, P C, Rooney, H, Browning, D R L, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Shaikh, Shafaque, Tan, Chern Yan, Palkhi, Ebrahim Y A, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, Jame, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Singh, Priyanka, Sheth, Shailee, Patel, Kishen, Khalili, Mahry, Choi, Jeesoo, Benger, Matthew, Marples, Lucy, Macfarlane, Alastair, Thurairaja, Ramesh, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charle, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Ne'ma Abdullah, Ali Adel, Tilston, Thomas W, Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Kotecha, Deevia, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Toma, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofroni, Krishna, Kandaswamy, Orchard, Melanie, Ho, Chik Wai, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, Jame, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Molina, George, Kaafarani, Haytham, Beyene, Robel, Sava, Jack, Scott, Mark, Swaroop, Mamta, Kennedy, Raelene, Azodo, Ijeoma A, Heffernan, Daithi, Chun, Tristen, Stephen, Andrew, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Etchill, Eric, Puyana, Juan Carlo, Kesinger, Matthew, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Hemmila, Mark, Todd, Oliver, Jenner, Edward, Hoogakker, Ellen, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Beleño, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F., Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Kanta, Tasnia Hamid, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Al Amin, Shadid, Karim, Rezaul, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O'Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dziani, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Dossou, Franci, Seto, Djifid Morel, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Keke, Kpèmahouton René, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Dénakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Bedada, Alemayehu Ginbo, Nsengiyumva, Carlo, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Jamal, Luai, Chen, Tzu‐Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Zapata, Felipe, Lanau, Maria Isabel Villega, Restrepo, Ivan Mendoza, Giraldo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo, Youssef, Mohamed, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel‐Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Denewar, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mohamed, Amna Mamdouh, Nagy, Ghada Saied, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, Mohammed, Amany Eldosouky, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Al Raouf, Eman Abd, Elbanby, Esraa Samir, Elmasry, Maha, Farahat, Mahitab Morsy, Mansor, Eman Yahya, Hegazy, Eman Magdy, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Abdelrouf, Doaa Maher, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El‐Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Elrazek, Aly Abd, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B, Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Alnaby, Mohamed Hassab, Magdy, Eman, Abd‐Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, El Gendy, Noran Halim, Aboul‐Naga, Mariam Saad, El‐Din, Reham Alaa, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Elsharkawy, Aya Adel, Moghazy, Mahmoud Elsayed, Elbisomy, Khaled Hesham, Shakshouk, Hend Adel Gawad, Hamed, Mohamed Fouad, Ebidy, Mai Mohamed, Ahmed, Hayam, Adel, Israa, Omar, Mohammad Elsayed, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Omar, Gamal, Shimaa, Hilal, Karim, Arafa, Omar, Awad, Sawsan Adel, Salem, Menatalla, Elsherif, Fawzia Abdellatif, Elsabbagh, Nourhan, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Rida, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad, Hossameldin, Amr, Hany, Ethar, Asar, Yomna Hosny, Anwar, Nourhan, Gadelkarim, Mohamed, Abdelhady, Samar, Morshedy, Eman Mohamed, Saad, Reham, Soliman, Nourhan, Salama, Mahmoud, Ezzat, Eslam, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Arwa, Fergany, Alaa, Mohammed, Sara, Reda, Aya, Allam, Yomna, Saad, Hanan Adel, Abdelfatah, Afnan, Fathy, Aya Mohamed, El‐Sehily, Ahmed, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Hassan, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset, Mohammed, Ahmed Rabeih, Saad, Abdalla Gamal, Ibrahim, Arij, Hassaan, Amr, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Elhoseny, Ghada, Magdy, Mohamed, Elkhalek, Esraa Abd, Zakaria, Yehia, Ezzat, Tarek, El Dahab, Ali Abo, Kelany, Mohamed, Arafa, Sara, Hassan, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Sleem, Ahmad Saber, Ahmed, Hussien, Abdelbadeai, Kholoud, Abdullah, Mohamed Abozed, Lokman, Muhammad Amsyar Auni, Bahar, Suraya, Abdelazeam, Anan Rady, Adelshone, Abdelrahman, Hasnan, Muhammad Bin, Zulkifli, Athirah, Kamarulzamil, Siti Nur Alia, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz, Latif, Aliang, Adnan, Ahmad Bin, Shaharuddin, Shahadatul, Majid, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul, Al‐Marakby, Dina, Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin, Basir, Elissa Rifhan Mohd, Ali, Citra Dewi Mohd, Ata, Aya Yehia, Nasr, Maha, Rezq, Asmaa, Sheta, Ahmed, Tariq, Sherif, Sallam, Abd Elkhalek, Darwish, Abdelrhman KZ, Elmihy, Sohaila, Elhadry, Shady, Farag, Ahmed, Hajeh, Haidar, Abdelaal, Abdelaziz, Aglan, Amro, Zohair, Ahmed, Essam, Mahitab, Moussa, Omar, El‐Gizawy, Esraa, Samy, Mostafa, Ali, Safia, Elhalawany, Esraa, Ata, Ahmed, El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Mohamed, Soliman, Samar, Elazab, Alaa, Samy, Mostada, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A, Ibrahim, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed, Gado, Ammar, Eldeen, Esraa Alm, loaloa, Mohamed Reda, Abouzaid, Arwa, Eldin, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa, Hashad, Eman, Sroor, Fathy, Gamil, Doaa, Abdulhakeem, Eman Mahmoud, Zakaria, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Fawzy, Abubakr, Marwan, Ali, Elsayed, Magdy, Hesham, Ramadan, Menna Tallah, Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaty, Mansour, Salma, Amin, Hager Abdul Aziz, Mohamed, Ahmed Rabie, Saami, Mahmoud, Elsayed, Nada Ahmed Reda, Tarek, Adham, Mahmoud, Sabry Mohy Eldeen, El Sayed, Islam Magdy, Reda, Amira, Shawky, Martina Yusuf, Salem, Mohammed Mousa, El‐Din, Shahinaz Alaa, Soliman, Noha Abdullah, Talaat, Muhammed, Alaael‐Dein, Shahinaz, Elhusseiny, Ahmed Abd Elmoen, Abdullah, Noha, Elshaar, Mohammed, Ibraheem, Aya AbdelFatah, Abdulaziz, Hager, Ismail, Mohammed Kamal, Madkor, Mona Hamdy, Abdelaty, Mohamed, Abdel‐Kader, Sara Mahmoud, Salah, Osama Mohamed, Eldafrawy, Mahmoud, Eldeeb, Ahmed Zaki, Eid, Mostafa Mahmoud, Attia, Attia, Shwky, Ayman, Badenjki, Mohamed Adel, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Al Attar, Samaa Mahmoud, Sayed, Farrag, Sabour, Fahd Abdel, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Shawqi, Muhammad, Hashim, Abdullah, Aamer, Ahmed, Abdelraouf, Ahmed Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Amal, Mahmoud, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali, Qenawy, Mostafa, Rashed, Ahmed M., Dahy, Ahmed, Sayed, Marwa, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Mohamed, Bakeer, Hasan, Ahmad, Saad, Mahmoud M., Bassit, Khalil Abdul, El‐Latif, Nadia Khalid Abd, Elzahed, Nada, El Kashash, Ahmed, Bekhet, Nada Mohamed, Hafez, Sarah, Gad, Ahmed, Maher, Mahmoud Elkhadragy, Elsameea, Ahmed Abd, Hafez, Mohamed, Sabe, Ahmad, Ahmed, Ataa, Shahine, Ahmed, Dawood, Khaled, Gaafar, Shireen, Husseiny, Reem, Aboelmagd, Omnia, Soliman, Ahmed, Mesbah, Nourhan, Emadeldin, Hossam, Al Meligy, Amgad, Bekhet, Amira Hassan, Hasan, Doaa, Alhady, Khaled, Sabe, Ahmad Khaled, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Aboelella, Majed, Hamsho, Ward, Hassan, Ihab, Saad, Hala, Abdelazim, Galaleldin, Mahmoud, Hend, Wael, Noha, Kandil, Ahmedali M, Magdy, Ahmed, Elkholy, Shimaa Said, Adel, Badr Eldin, Dabbour, Kareem, Elsherbiney, Saged, Mattar, Omar, Abdrabou, Abdulshafi Khaled, Aly, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed, Geuoshy, Abdelrahman, Elnagar, Ahmedglal, Ahmed, Saraibrahim, Abdelmotaleb, Ibrahem, Saleh, Amr Ahmed, Saeed, Manar, Mahmoud, Shady, Tawfik, Badreldin Adel, Ismail, Samar Adel, Zakaria, Esraay, Gad, Mariam O., Elhelbawy, Mohamed Salah, Bassem, Monica, Maraie, Noha, Elhadary, Nourhan Medhat, Semeda, Nourhan, Mohamed, Shaza Rabie, Bakry, Hesham Mohammed, Essam, AA, Tarek, Dina, Ashour, Khlood, Elhadad, Alaa, Abdel‐Aty, Abdulrahman, Rakha, Ibrahim, Matter, Sara Mamdouh, Abdelhamed, Rasha, Abdelkader, Omar, Hassaan, Ayat, Soliman, Yasmin, Mohamed, Amna, Farouk, Sara Amr Mohamed, Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed, El‐Taher, Esraa, Mostafa, Merna, Badr, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrou, Elsemelawy, Rofida, El‐Sawy, Aya, Bakr, Ahmad, Al Rafati, Ahmad Abdel Razaq, Saar, Sten, Reinsoo, Arvo, Seyoum, Nebyou, Worku, Tewodro, Fitsum, Agazi, Tolonen, Matti, Parmentier, Benoît, Dardenne, Sabrina, Robert, Elsa, Maillot, Betty, Courboin, Etienne, Hascoet, Juliette, Kaci, Amir Ait, Prudhomme, Thoma, Ballouhey, Quentin, Grosos, Céline, Fourcade, Laurent, Cecilia, Tolg, Jean‐Francois, Colombani, Helene, Francois‐Coridon, Delforge, Xavier, Haraux, Elodie, Dousset, Bertrand, Schiavone, Roberto, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Marret, Jean‐Baptiste, Haffreingue, Aurore, Rod, Julien, Renaux‐Petel, Mariette, Lecompte, Jean‐Françoi, Bréaud, Jean, Gastaldi, Pauline, Taieb, Chouikh, Claire, Raquillet, Anis, Echaieb, Bustangi, Nasir, Lopez, Manuel, Grella, Maria Giovanna, Mariani, Aurora, Schmitt, Françoise, Broch, Aline, Bandoh, Dickson, Kyereh, Martin, Asumah, Hamza, Appiah, Eric Kofi, Wondoh, Paul, Gyedu, Adam, Dally, Charle, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Amoah, Michael, Yifieyeh, Abiboye, Amoako‐Boateng, Mabel, Dayie, Makafui, Hagan, Richmond, Debrah, Sam, Ohene‐Yeboah, Micheal, Clegg‐Lampety, Joe‐Nat, Etwire, Victor, Dakubo, Jonathan, Essoun, Samuel, Bonney, William, Glover‐Addy, Hope, Osei‐Nketiah, Samuel, Amoako, Joachim, Adu‐Aryee, Niiarmah, Appeadu‐Mensah, William, Bediako‐Bowan, Antoinette, Dedey, Florence, Ekow, Mattew, Akatibo, Emmanuel, Yakubu, Musah, Kordorwu, Hope Edem Kofi, Asare‐Bediako, Kwasi, Tackie, Enoch, Aaniana, Kenneth, Acquah, Emmanuel, Opoku‐Agyeman, Richard, Avoka, Anthony, Kusi, Kwasi, Maison, Kwame, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Barnabas, Gandau Naa, Abdul‐Latif, Saiba, Amoako, Philip Taah, Davor, Anthony, Dassah, Victor, Dagoe, Enoch, Kwakyeafriyie, Prince, Akoto, Elliot, Ackom, Eric, Mensah, Ekow, Atkins, Ebenezer Takyi, Coompson, Christian Lari, Ivros, Nikolao, Ferousis, Christoforo, Kalles, Vasileio, Kyriazanos, Ioanni, Barkolias, Christo, Tselos, Angelo, Tzikos, Georgio, Voulgaris, Evangelo, Bamicha, Athanasia, Stefanopoulos, Anastasio, Patoulias, Ioanni, Sfougaris, Dimitrio, Valioulis, Ioanni, Balalis, Dimitrio, Korkolis, Dimitrio, Manatakis, Dimitrios K, Kyrou, Georgio, Karabelias, Georgio, Papaskarlatos, Iason‐Antonio, Konstantina, Kolonia, Zampitis, Nikolao, Papailia, Aspasia, Theodosopoulos, Theodosio, Gkiokas, Georgio, Mitroudi, Magdalini, Panteli, Christina, Feidantsis, Thoma, Farmakis, Konstantino, Kyziridis, Dimitrio, Ioannidis, Oresti, Parpoudi, Styliani, Parasyris, Stavro, Margaritis, Michail, Aguilera‐Arevalo, Maria‐Lorena, Coyoy‐Gaitan, Otto, Rosales, Javier, Tale, Lui, Rodriguez, Servio Tulio Torre, Galvez, Carlos Paz, Cruz, Danilo Herrera, Rosenberg, Guillermo Sanchez, Matheu, Alejandro, Cohen, David Monterroso, Paul, Marie, Charles, Angeline, Lam, Justin Chak Yiu, Yeung, Man Hon Andrew, Fok, Chi Ying Jacquelyn, Li, Ka Hin Gabriel, Lai, Anthony Chuk‐Him, Cheung, Yuk Hong Eric, Wong, Hong Yee, Leung, Ka Wai, Lee, Tien Seng Bryan, Lam, Wai Him, Dao, Weihei, Kwok, Stephanie Hiu‐wai, Chan, Tsz‐Yan Katie, Ng, Yung Kok, Mak, TWC, Foo, Chi Chung, Yang, Jame, Bhatnagar, Ankur, Upadhyaya, Vijaid, Muddebihal, Uday, Dar, Wasim, Janardha, KC, Aruldas, Neerav, Adella, Fidelis Jacklyn, Rulie, Anthonius Santoso, Iskandar, Ferdy, Setiawan, Jonny, Evajelista, Cicilia Viany, Natalie, Hani, Suyadi, Arlindawati, Gunawan, Rudy, Karismaningtyas, Herlin, Mata, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih, Andika, Ferry Fitriya Ayu, Hasanah, Afifatun, Widiastini, T Ariani, Purwaningsih, Nurlaila Ayu, Mukin, Annisa Dewi Fitriana, Rahmah, Dina Faizatur, Nurqistan, Hazmi Dwinanda, Arsyad, Hasbi Maulana, Adhitama, Novia, Jeo, Wifanto Saditya, Sutandi, Nathania, Clarissa, Audrey, Gultom, Phebe Anggita, Billy, Matthew, Haloho, Andrea, Johanna, Nadya, Lee, Felix, Dorani, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin, Glynn, Martha, Alherz, Mohammad, Goh, Wennweoi, Shiwani, Haaris A., Sproule, Lorraine, Conlon, Kevin C., Bala, Miklosh, Kedar, Asaf, Bianco, Federica, Steccanella, Francesca, Gallo, Gaetano, Trompetto, Mario, Clerico, Giuseppe, Papandrea, Matteo, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sacco, Rosario, Giavarini, Luisa, Giglio, Mariano Cesare, Bucci, Luigi, Pagano, Gianluca, Sollazzo, Viviana, Peltrini, Roberto, Luglio, Gaetano, Birindelli, Arianna, Mingrone, Pietro, Selvaggi, Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Pellino, Gianluca, Di Martino, Natale, Curletti, Gianluca, Aonzo, Paolo, Galleano, Raffaele, Berti, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Boni, Silvia, Lorenzon, Laura, lo Conte, Annalisa, Balducci, Genoveffa, Confalonieri, Gianmaria, Pesenti, Giovanni, Gavagna, Laura, Vasquez, Giorgio, Targa, Simone, Occhionorelli, Savino, Andreotti, Dario, Armellini, Andrea, Chiesa, Deborah, Aquilino, Fabrizio, Chetta, Nicola, Picciariello, Arcangelo, Abdelkhalek, Mohamed, Belli, Andrea, De Franciscis, Silvia, Bigaran, Annamaria, Favero, Alessandro, Basso, Stefano M.M, Salusso, Paola, Perino, Martina, Mochet, Sylvie, Sasia, Diego, Riente, Francesco, Migliore, Marco, Basilicò, Silvia, Corbellini, Carlo, Lazzari, Veronica, Angelieri, Daniele, Coletta, Diego, Falaschi, Federica, Catani, Marco, Reali, Claudia, Malavenda, Mariastella, Del Basso, Celeste, Ribaldi, Sergio, Coletti, Massimo, Natili, Andrea, Depalma, Norma, Iannone, Immacolata, Antoniozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Davide, Gui, Daniele, Perrotta, Gerardo, Ripa, Matteo, Giardino, Francesco Ruben, Foco, Maurizio, Vicario, Erika, Nita, Gabriela Elisa, Leone, Nicoletta, Simioni, Andrea, De Boni, Davide, Pasquali, Sandro, Goldin, Elena, Vendramin, Elena, Ciccioli, Eleonora, Tedeschi, Umberto, Violi, Paola, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Conci, Simone, Lazzari, Giovanni, Iacono, Calogero, Gulielmi, Alfredo, Manfreda, Serena, Rinaldi, Anna, Ringressi, Maria Novella, Brunoni, Beatrice, Salamone, Giuseppe, Mangiapane, Mirko, De Marco, Paolino, La Brocca, Antonella, Tutino, Roberta, Silvestri, Vania, Licari, Leo, Fontana, Tommaso, Falco, Nicolò, Cocorullo, Gianfranco, Shalaby, Mostafa, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Arcudi, Claudio, Bsisu, Isam, Aljboor, Khaled, Abusalem, Lana, Alnusairat, Aseel, Qaissieh, Ahmad, Al‐Dakka, Emad, Ababneh, Ali, Halhouli, Oday, Yusufali, Taha, Mohammed, Hussein, Lando, Justu, Parker, Robert, Ndegwa, Wairimu, Gribauskaite, Jolanta, Kuliavas, Justa, Dulskas, Audriu, Samalavicius, Narimantas E., Jasaitis, Kristijona, Parseliunas, Audriu, Nevieraite, Viktorija, Slapelyte, Evelina, Dainius, Edvina, Subocius, Andreju, Venclauskas, Lina, Gulbinas, Antana, Kasputyte, Simona, Mikuckyte, Deimante, Kiudelis, Mindauga, Jankus, Toma, Petrikenas, Stepona, Pažuskis, Mata, Urniežius, Zigmanta, Vilčinskas, Manta, Banaitis, Vincas Jona, Gaižauskas, Vytauta, Grisin, Edvard, Mazrimas, Povila, Drungilas, Manta, Lagunavicius, Karoli, Lipnickas, Vytauta, Majauskyté, Dovilè, Abaliksta, Toma, Uščinas, Laimona, Simutis, Gintara, Ladukas, Adoma, Danys, Donata, Sruogiene, Elena Zdanyte, Višinskas, Petra, Žilinskienė, Reda, Dragatas, Deivida, Burmistrovas, Andriu, Tverskis, Zygimanta, Vaicius, Artura, Mazelyte, Ruta, Zadoroznas, Antana, Žiubrytė, Greta, Rahantasoa, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence, Samison, Luc Hervé, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Fanjandrainy, Tolotra, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina, Mukuzunga, Corneliu, Kwatiwani, Chimwemwe, Msiska, Nelson, Chai, Feng Yih, Asilah, Siti Mohd Desa, Syibrah, Khuzaimah Zahid, Chin, Pui Xin, Riswan, Nur Zulaika, Chong, Hoong‐Yin, Aziz, Nora Abdul, Poh, Keat‐Seong, Chai, Chu‐Ann, Kumar, Sandip, Taher, Mustafa Mohammed, Aziz, Dayang Nita Abdul, Julaihi, Rokayah, Jethwani, Durvesh Lacthman, Yahaya, Muhammad Taqiyuddin, Mathew, Susan Wndy, Chung, Kuet Jun, Nirumal, Milaksh Kumar, Tze, R. 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Y., Koay, Kean Leong, Tan, Yi Koon, Cheah, Alvin Ee Zhiun, Wong, Chui Yee, Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Tuan, Chow, Crystal Yern Nee, Har, Prisca A.L., Der, Yishan, Henry, Fitjerald, Low, Xinwei, Neo, Ya Theng, Heng, Hian Ee, Kong, Shu Ning, Gan, Cheewei, Mok, Yi Ting, Tan, Yee Wen, Palayan, Kandasami, Tata, Mahadevan Deva, Cheong, Yih Jeng, Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran, 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Wan Nurul, Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren, Lee, Eu Xian, Saw, Jian Er, Yeang, Li Jing, Koh, Pei Ying, Lim, Shyang Yee, Teo, Shuang Yi, Grech, Nicole, Magri, Daniela, Cassar, Kristina, Mizzi, Christine, Falzon, Malcolm, Shaikh, Nihaal, Scicluna, Ruth, Zammit, Stefan, Mizzi, Sean, Brincat, Svetlana Dori, Tembo, Thelma, Le, Vu Thanh Hien, Grima, Tara, Sammut, Keith, Carabott, Kurt, Zarb, Ciskje, Navarro, Andre, Dimech, Thea, Camilleri, Georgette Marie, Bertuello, Isaac, Dalli, Jeffrey, Bonavia, Karl, Corro‐Diaz, Samantha, Manriquez‐Reyes, Marisol, Abdelhamid, Amina, Hrora, Abdelmalek, Benammi, Sarah, Bachri, Houda, Abbouch, Meryem, Boukhal, Khaoula, Bennai, Redouane Mammar, Belkouchi, Abdelkader, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Benyaiche, Chaymae, Vermaas, Maarten, Duinhouwer, Lucia, Pastora, Javier, Wood, Greta, Merlo, Maria Soledad, Ajao, Akinlabi, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Lawal, Taiwo, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu, Alada, Muslimat, Nasir, Abdulrasheed, Habeeb, Olufemi, Mendel, Henry, Bello, Bashir, Muktar, Umar, Olajide, Thomas Olagboyega, Oshati, Oyindamola, Ihediwa, George, Adenekan, Babajide, Nwinee, Victor, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq, Bode, Chri, Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa, Odutola, Oluwatomi, Adebola, Oluwaseyi, Onuoha, Clement, Balogun, Fatai, Ajai, Olalekan, Njokanma, Iloba, Kache, Stephen, Ajah, Jonathan, Makama, Jerry, Adamu, Ahmed, Baba, Suleiman, Aliyu, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Ukwenya, Yahaya, Aliyu, Halima, Sholadoye, Tunde, Daniyan, Muhammad, Ogunsua, Oluseyi, Sheshe, Abdurrahaman, Mshelbwala, Philip, Samson, Garba, Timothy, Oyediran Kehinde, Samuel, Sani Ali, Ajiboye, Anthony, Amole, Isaac, Abiola, Olajide, Olaolorun, Akin, Veen, Torhild, Kanani, Arezo, Styles, Kristian, Herikstad, Ragnar, Larsen, Johannes Wiik, Søreide, Jon Arne, Jensen, Elisabeth, Gran, Mad, Aahlin, Eirik Kju, Gaarder, Tina, Monrad‐Hansen, Peter Wiel, Næss, Pål Aksel, Lauzikas, Giedriu, Wiborg, Joachim, Holte, Silje, Augestad, Knut Magne, Banipal, Gurpreet Singh, Moe, Thomas Teten, Schultz, Johannes Kurt, Al‐taher, Taher, Hamdan, Ayah, Salman, Ayman, Saadeh, Rana, Musleh, Aseel, Jaradat, Dana, Abushamleh, Soha, Hanoun, Sakhaa, Qumbos, Amjad Abu, Hamarshi, Aseel, Taher, Ayman And, Qawasmi, Israa, Qurie, Khalid, Altarayra, Marwa, Ghannam, Mohammad, Shaheen, Alaa, Herebat, Azher, Abdelhaq, Aram, Shalabi, Ahmad, Abu‐toyour, Maram, Asi, Fatema, Shamasneh, Ala, Atiyeh, Anwar, Mustafa, Mousa, Zaa'treh, Rula, Dabboor, Majd, Alaloul, Ena, Baraka, Heba, Meqbil, Jehad, Al‐Buhaisi, Alaa, Elshami, Mohamedraed, Afana, Samah, Jaber, Sahar, Alyacoubi, Said, Abuowda, Yousef, Idress, Tasneem, Abuqwaider, Eman, Al‐saqqa, Sara, Bowabsak, Alaa, El Jamassi, Alaa, Hasanain, Doaa, Al‐farram, Hadeel, Salah, Maram, Firwana, Aya, Hamdan, Marwa, Awad, Israa, Ashour, Ahmad, Al Barrawi, Fayez Elian, Al‐khatib, Ahmed, Al‐faqawi, Maha, Fares, Mohamed, Elmashala, Amjad, Adawi, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa, Khreishi, Reem, Khreishi, Rose, ashour, Ahmad, Ghaben, Ahed, Nadeem, Najwa, Saqlain, Muhammad, Abbasy, Jibran, Alvi, Abdul Rehman, Shahzad, Noman, Butt, Muhammad Talha, Asaat ul Razi, Syed, Ahmed, Asdaq, Niazi, Ali Khan, Raza, Ibrahim, Baluch, Fatima, Raza, Ahmed, Bani‐Sadar, Ahmad, Adil, Muhammad, Raza, Awai, Javaid, Mahnoor, Waqar, Muhammad, Khan, Maryam Ali, Arshad, Mohammad Mohsin, Amjad, Mohammadasim, Cardozo, Jorge Torre, Roche, Marcelo O'Higgin, Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen, Lopez, Larissa Ines Páez, Cardozo, Ramón Augusto Melo, Espinoza, Fernando, Rojas, Angel David Pérez, Sanchez, Diana, Samaniego, Camila Sanchez, Torres, Shalon Guevara, Calua, Alexander Canta, Razuri, Cesar, Ortiz, Nadia, Rodriguez, Xianelle, Carrasco, Nahilia, Saravia, Fridiz, Miyasato, Hector Shibao, Valcarcel‐Saldaña, María, Bermúdez, Ysabel Esthefany Alejo, Carpio, Juan, Panez, Walter Ruiz, Orbegozo, Pedro Angel Toribio, Dueñas, Carolina Guzmán, Espinoza, Kevin Turpo, Barrantes, Ana Maria Sandoval, Bravo, Jorge Armando Chungui, Fuentes‐Rivera, Lorena, Fernández, Carmen, Málaga, Bárbara, Ye, Joselyn, Velasquez, Ricardo, Salcedo, Jannin, Contreras‐Vergara, Ana Lucia, Mejia, Angelica Genoveva Vergara, Montejo, Maria Soledad Gonzale, Salas, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante, Ticona, Willy Alcca, Vargas, Marvin, Sila, George Christian Manrique, Mas, Robinson, Pilar Paucar, Arazzelly, Velásquez, Armando José Román, Robledo‐Rabanal, Alina, Solis, Ludwing Alexander Zeta, Espinoza, Kenny Turpo, Hamaguchi, José Luis Hamasaki, Farfan, Erick Samuel Florez, Barrientos, Linda Alvi Madrid, Matta, Juan Jaime Herrera, Mora, John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Roxas, Manuel Francisco, Maño, Maria Jesusa B., Parreno‐Sacdalan, Marie Dione, Almanon, Christel Leanne, Walędziak, Maciej, Roszkowski, Rafał, Janik, Michał, Lasek, Anna, Radkowiak, Dorota, Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz, Fernandes, Cristina, Muntean, Liviu, Popa, Mariuca, Mircea, Hogea, Diaconescu, Bogdan, Bratu, Matei Razvan, Negoi, Ionut, Ciubotaru, Cezar, Uzabumwana, Norbert, Duhoranenayo, Dieudonne, Idris, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Maghrabi, Ashraf, Alkaaki, Aroub, Turkustani, Sondo, Khalifah, Eyad, Albiety, Adel, Sahel, Sarah, Alshareef, Reham, Alzahrani, Mohammed Najjar Ahmed, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alhazmi, Wedyan, Al Saied, Ghiath, Alamoudi, Mohammed, Riaz, Muhammed Masood, Alhassan, Basmah, Altamimi, Abdullah, Alyahya, Reem, Al Subaie, Norah, Al Bastawis, Fatema, Khan, Roaa, Radojkovic, Milan, Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nestorovic, Milica, Law, Jia Hao, Tan, Keith Say Kwang, Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat, Tan, Joel Kin, Joel, Lau Wen Liang, Chan, Xue Wei, Leong, Faith Qi Hui, Chong, Choon Seng, Koh, Sharon, Lee, Kai Yin, Lee, Kuok Chung, Pluke, Kent, Dedekind, 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Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, Contreras, Elisa, Bernardo, Carmen García, Sanz, Sandra, León, Alberto Miyar, Dorismé, Asnel, Rodicio, Joselui, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Vico, Tamara Diaz, Fernandez‐Vega, Laura, Soldevila‐Verdeguer, Carla, Sena‐Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol‐Cano, Natalia, Diaz‐Jover, Paula, Garcia‐Perez, José Maria, Segura‐Sampedro, Juan Jose, Pineño‐Flores, Cristina, Ambrona‐Zafra, David, Craus‐Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez‐Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, Jayathilake, A.B, Thalgaspitiya, S.P.B, Wijayarathna, L.S., Wimalge, P.M.S.N., Sanni, Hakeem Ayomi, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Omer, Omer Abdelbagi, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, Adam, Ali, Sokratous, Aresti, Breistrand, Michaela, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abba, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Oswald, Denni, Peros, Georgio, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, Zumbühl, Luciu, Werder, Gabriela, Mahanty, Silke, Widmer, Lukas Werner, Müller, Julia, Gübeli, Alissa, Zuk, Grzegorz, Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Karahan, Servet Rustu, Aydin, Mehmet Can, Sahbaz, Nuri Alper, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Alis, Halil, Sapci, Ipek, Adıyaman, Can, Pektaş, Ahmet Murat, Cengiz, Turgut Bora, Tansoker, Ilkan, Işler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Ozmen, Berk Bari, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Kobal, Berna Buse, Toto, Ömer Faruk, Çakaloğlu, Haluk Cem, Karabulut, Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gül, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Baki, Bahadir Emre, Arslan, Ekin, Ulusahin, Mehmet, Guner, Ali, Walker, Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Hunter, Kristina, Al‐Bahrani, Ahmed, Mairs, Nora Grace, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Qureshi, Mobeen, Chowdhury, Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Kufeji, Dorothy, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Tan, Charlene, O'Neill, Stephen, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioanni, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, Jame, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Bond‐Smith, Gile, Farhangmehr, Neda, Perenyei, Miklo, Ireland, Philip, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, Jame, Alhammali, Tariq, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thoma, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Chin, Ye Ru, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Mann, Thoma, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Shahbaz, Aized Raza, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther H.G., Ravishankar, Ramanish, McIntosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, McGarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson‐Brown, Simon, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle S, Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D, Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Akil, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Jama, Guled M., Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Chen, Kar Yan, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Tani, Sobhana Iftekhar, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Ng, James Chean Khun, Kiran, Ravi P., Murray, Alice, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Choudhry, Asad, Caliman, Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, Van Der Naald, Niel, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece‐Smith, Alex, Otten, Kar, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloe, Suarez, Alibeth Andres Baquero, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicola, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg‐Lamptey, Joe‐Nat, Imoro, Osman, Abem, Owusu Emmanuel, Papageorgiou, Dimitrio, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturias, Sabrina, Peña, Lenin, O'Connor, Donal B, Luc, Alberto Reali, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Pascale, Marco Maria, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, De Luca, Emilia, Ali, Farah Mahmoud, Žilinskas, Justa, Kondrotas, Pauliu, Baltrunas, Roberta, Kutkevicius, Juoza, Ignatavicius, Povila, Tan, Choy Ling, Siaw, Jia Yng, Yam, Sir Young, Wilson, Ling, Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul, Bondin, John, Zorrilla, Carmina Diaz, Majbar, Ana, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksøen, Marte, Khan, Zain Ali, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, Helguero‐Santin, Luis M., Rickard, Jennifer, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Van Niekerk, Michael, Koto, Modise Zacharia, Matos‐Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobia, Yuksek, Mahmut Arif, Mericliler, Meric, Uluşahin, Mehmet, Yong, Guo Liang, Whitehurst, Katharine, Redgrave, Natalie, Musyoka, Caroluce K, Olivier, Jame, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, Farhan‐Alanie, Muhamed M H, Callan, Rory, Chibuye, Chali, Ali, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Sam, Zi Hao, Chen, Jacky Hong Chieh, Roi, Dylan, Pugliesi, Thays Brunelli, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, Escobar, Eugenio Grasset, GlobSurg Collaboration, Group, and Sileri, P
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Male ,modelos logísticos ,medicine.medical_treatment ,humanos ,surgial care ,Colorectal Neoplasm ,países desarrollados ,Logistic regression ,outcomes ,Global Health ,urgencias médicas ,0302 clinical medicine ,países en desarrollo ,Surgical ,estudios prospectivos ,Colostomy ,80 and over ,globalsurg ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Multivariate Analysi ,mediana edad ,Cancer ,Aged, 80 and over ,Emergencie ,anciano ,Anastomosis, colorectal resection, colostomy ,Anastomosis, Surgical ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,adulto ,colostomy ,colorectal cancer ,human developlment index ,3. Good health ,Colo-Rectal Cancer ,traditional healers ,Elective Surgical Procedures ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,6.4 Surgery ,low income ,Cohort study ,Human ,Developed Countrie ,Adult ,Aged ,Emergencies ,Humans ,Logistic Models ,Multivariate Analysis ,Developed Countries ,Developing Countries ,medicine.medical_specialty ,neoplasias colorrectales ,Logistic Model ,cancer, anastomosis, surgical, income, stomas, colostomy procedure, colorectal resection, end colostomy, emergency surgical procedure, human development index ,delay ,Anastomosis ,Perforation (oil well) ,lcsh:Surgery ,GlobalSurg Collaborative ,NO ,03 medical and health sciences ,Case mix index ,Clinical Research ,medicine ,cancer ,análisis multifactorial ,emergency abdominal surgery, low income, surgial care, traditional healers, cancer, mortality, outcomes, delay ,Elective Surgical Procedure ,business.industry ,Kirurgi ,left colon resection, anastomosis, end colostomy ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,lcsh:RD1-811 ,Odds ratio ,mortality ,Surgery ,Prospective Studie ,business ,Digestive Diseases ,colostomía ,emergency abdominal surgery - Abstract
Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6.9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15.5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77.6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57.5, 40.9 and 35.4 per cent; P, Medical Research Council, MR/N022114/1; National Institute for Health Research, 16/136/79
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- 2019
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6. Optical coherence tomography in coronary atherosclerosis assessment and intervention
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Makoto Araki, Seung-Jung Park, Harold L. Dauerman, Shiro Uemura, Jung-Sun Kim, Carlo Di Mario, Thomas W. Johnson, Giulio Guagliumi, Adnan Kastrati, Michael Joner, Niels Ramsing Holm, Fernando Alfonso, William Wijns, Tom Adriaenssens, Holger Nef, Gilles Rioufol, Nicolas Amabile, Geraud Souteyrand, Nicolas Meneveau, Edouard Gerbaud, Maksymilian P. Opolski, Nieves Gonzalo, Guillermo J. Tearney, Brett Bouma, Aaron D. Aguirre, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone, Christos V. Bourantas, Lorenz Räber, Sebastiano Gili, Kyoichi Mizuno, Shigeki Kimura, Toshiro Shinke, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Jin Man Cho, Bryan P. Yan, Italo Porto, Giampaolo Niccoli, Rocco A. Montone, Vikas Thondapu, Michail I. Papafaklis, Lampros K. Michalis, Harmony Reynolds, Jacqueline Saw, Peter Libby, Giora Weisz, Mario Iannaccone, Tommaso Gori, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Taishi Yonetsu, Yoshiyasu Minami, Masamichi Takano, O. Christopher Raffel, Osamu Kurihara, Tsunenari Soeda, Tomoyo Sugiyama, Hyung Oh Kim, Tetsumin Lee, Takumi Higuma, Akihiro Nakajima, Erika Yamamoto, Krzysztof L. Bryniarski, Luca Di Vito, Rocco Vergallo, Francesco Fracassi, Michele Russo, Lena M. Seegers, Iris McNulty, Sangjoon Park, Marc Feldman, Javier Escaned, Francesco Prati, Eloisa Arbustini, Fausto J. Pinto, Ron Waksman, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Akiko Maehara, Ziad Ali, Aloke V. Finn, Renu Virmani, Annapoorna S. Kini, Joost Daemen, Teruyoshi Kume, Kiyoshi Hibi, Atsushi Tanaka, Takashi Akasaka, Takashi Kubo, Satoshi Yasuda, Kevin Croce, Juan F. Granada, Amir Lerman, Abhiram Prasad, Evelyn Regar, Yoshihiko Saito, Mullasari Ajit Sankardas, Vijayakumar Subban, Neil J. Weissman, Yundai Chen, Bo Yu, Stephen J. Nicholls, Peter Barlis, Nick E. J. West, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Jong Chul Ye, Jouke Dijkstra, Hang Lee, Jagat Narula, Filippo Crea, Sunao Nakamura, Tsunekazu Kakuta, James Fujimoto, Valentin Fuster, Ik-Kyung Jang, CarMeN, laboratoire, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston, MA, USA], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Asan Medical Center [Seoul, South Korea] (AMC), University of Vermont [Burlington], Kawasaki Medical School [Okayama, Japan] (KMS), Yonsei University College of Medicine [Seoul, South Korea] (YUCM), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [Firenze] (AOUC), University Hospitals Bristol, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII [Bergamo, Italy], Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich Heart Alliance [Munich, Allemagne] (MHA), German Heart Center = Deutsches Herzzentrum München [Munich, Germany] (GHC), Aarhus University Hospital [Skejby, Denmark] (AUH), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen - University of Applied Sciences [Giessen] (THM), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Lyon, Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute of Cardiology [Warsaw, Poland] (NIC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos [Madrid, Spain] (IdISSC), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Cardiovascular Research Foundation [New York, NY, USA] (CRF), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Barts Health NHS Trust [London, UK], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Bern University Hospital [Berne] (Inselspital), Centro Cardiologico Monzino [Milan, Italy] (2CM), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation [Tokyo, Japan] (MHWF), Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital [Kanagawa, Japan] (YMKH), Showa University Hospital [Tokyo, Japan] (SUH), Kyung Hee University [Seoul, South Korea] (KHU), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Rome, Italy] (CUSH), University Hospital [Ioannina, Greece] (UH), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Vancouver General Hospital [Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada] (VGH), University of British Columbia (UBC), Brigham and Women’s Hospital [Boston, MA], New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), Columbia University [New York], Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco [Turin, Italy] (OSGB), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Tokyo Medical and Dental University [Japan] (TMDU), Kitasato University, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital [Chiba, Japan] (NMSC2H), The Prince Charles Hospital, Nara Medical University [Nara, Japan] (NMU), Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital [Ibaraki, Japan] (TKGH), Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital [Tokyo], St. Marianna University School of Medicine [Kanagawa, Japan], Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine [Kyoto, Japan] (KUGSM), Jagiellonian University - Medical College (JUMC), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Mazzoni Hospital [Ascoli Piceno, Italy] (MH), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences [Rome, Italy] (SCIUHS), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo [Pavia], Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), MedStar Washington Hospital Center [Washington, DC, USA] (MedStar WHC), CV Path Institute [Gaithersburg, MD, USA] (CV-PI), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Yokohama City University (YCU), Wakayama University, Tohoku University [Sendai], Mayo Clinic [Rochester, MN, USA], Mayo Clinic [Rochester], University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Madras Medical Mission [Chennai, India] (3M), MedStar Health Research Institute [Washington, DC, USA] (MedStar-HRI), Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital [Beijing, China] (CPLAGH), Harbin Medical University [China] (HMU), Monash university, University of Melbourne, Royal Papworth Hospital [Cambridge, UK] (RPH), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Open University of Japan [Chiba] (OUJ), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been widely adopted in research on coronary atherosclerosis and adopted clinically to optimize percutaneous coronary intervention. In this Review, Jang and colleagues summarize this rapidly progressing field, with the aim of standardizing the use of OCT in coronary atherosclerosis.Since optical coherence tomography (OCT) was first performed in humans two decades ago, this imaging modality has been widely adopted in research on coronary atherosclerosis and adopted clinically for the optimization of percutaneous coronary intervention. In the past 10 years, substantial advances have been made in the understanding of in vivo vascular biology using OCT. Identification by OCT of culprit plaque pathology could potentially lead to a major shift in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Detection by OCT of healed coronary plaque has been important in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in plaque destabilization and healing with the rapid progression of atherosclerosis. Accurate detection by OCT of sequelae from percutaneous coronary interventions that might be missed by angiography could improve clinical outcomes. In addition, OCT has become an essential diagnostic modality for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Insight into neoatherosclerosis from OCT could improve our understanding of the mechanisms of very late stent thrombosis. The appropriate use of OCT depends on accurate interpretation and understanding of the clinical significance of OCT findings. In this Review, we summarize the state of the art in cardiac OCT and facilitate the uniform use of this modality in coronary atherosclerosis. Contributions have been made by clinicians and investigators worldwide with extensive experience in OCT, with the aim that this document will serve as a standard reference for future research and clinical application.
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- 2022
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7. Combined liver resection and cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC for metastatic colorectal cancer: Results of a worldwide analysis of 565 patients from the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI)
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S. Carrere, Lucas Sideris, Paolo Sammartino, François Quenet, Catherine Arvieux, Alex Kartheuser, M. Faron, B. J. Moran, I.H.J.T. de Hingh, Pablo Ortega-Deballon, Laurent Villeneuve, Olivier Facy, G. Ferron, David L. Morris, Julio Abba, Diane Goéré, Armando Sardi, M. Limbert, Martin Hübner, Karine Abboud, Frédéric Marchal, R. Lo Dico, Paul H. Sugarbaker, Marc Pocard, Wim Ceelen, Y. Yonemura, Gabriel Liberale, M. Robella, Gérard Lorimier, D. Baratti, Jean-Jacques Tuech, Olivier Glehen, P. Rat, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CArcinose Péritoine Paris-Technologies (ex-CART) (CAP Paris-Tech (UMR_S_1275)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Département de chirurgie viscérale [Gustave Roussy], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Mercy Medical Center, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Catharina Hospital, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Ghent University Hospital, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [Basingstoke, UK], Candiolo Cancer Institute [Candiolo, Italie], Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], St George’s University Hospitals, PSOGI Working Group, BIG RENAPE Working Group: J Abba, K Abboud, C Arvieux, S Carrere, O Facy, G Ferron, G Lorimier, F Marchal, P Rat, J-J Tuech, Laurent Villeneuve, P Ortega-Deballon, UCL - SSS/IREC/CHEX - Pôle de chirgurgie expérimentale et transplantation, UCL - (SLuc) Service de chirurgie et transplantation abdominale, PSOGI Working Group, BIG RENAPE Working Group, Abba, J., Abboud, K., Arvieux, C., Carrere, S., Facy, O., Ferron, G., Lorimier, G., Marchal, F., Rat, P., Tuech, J.J., Villeneuve, L., and Ortega-Deballon, P.
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bevacizumab ,Peritoneal surface ,Colorectal cancer ,Mitomycin ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ,030230 surgery ,Resection ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Chirurgie ,Contraindication ,Peritoneal Neoplasms ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,business.industry ,Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,3. Good health ,Surgery ,Cancérologie ,Oncology ,Curative treatment ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy ,Cisplatin ,Neoplasm Grading ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,business ,Cytoreductive surgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
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8. SARS-CoV-2 and Stroke Characteristics: A Report From the Multinational COVID-19 Stroke Study Group
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Saeideh Aghayari Sheikh Neshin, Guillaume Turc, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Fahimeh Vahabizad, Stefania Mondello, Oluwaseyi Olulana, Thomas Yasuda, Gelareh Banihashemi, Ali Reza Noorian, Mojdeh Ghabaee, Hany Mohamed Aref, Aristeidis H. Katsanos, Sahar Hojjat-Anasri Komachali, Alaleh Vaghefi Far, Saeed Ansari, Francisco Purroy, Leo H. Bonati, Sakineh Ranji-Burachaloo, Juan F. Arenillas, Afshin Borhani-Haghighi, Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi, Ilaria Gandoglia, Zabihollah Babaeepour, Mohammad Hossein Harirchian, Alia Saberi, Vivek Sharma, Fabricio Buchadid Cardoso, Jusun Moon, Nitin Goyal, Arash Kia, Ronen R. Leker, Mercedeh Sepehrnia, João Sargento-Freitas, Apoorva Dev, Asadollah Mir Ghasemi, Mirna Sabra, Mohammad Ghorbani, Aicha Lyoubi, Bruce C.V. Campbell, Saeideh Salehizadeh, Christos Krogias, Shailesh Male, Mehrdad Roozbeh, Elahe Mohammadi-Vosough, Durgesh Chaudhary, Soheil Naderi, Nasrin Rahimian, Konark Malhotra, Mehmet Hanci, Mehdi Farhoudi, Arefeh Babazadeh, Ali Amini Harandi, Ghasem Farahmand, Massimo Del Sette, Martin Punter, Miljenko Crnjakovic, Faezeh Khodadadi, Gian Marco De Marchis, Ashkan Mowla, Nuno Reis Carreira, Fariborz Khorvash, Annemarei Ranta, Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, Orkhan Alizada, Shima Shahjouei, Ana Paula Aires, Diana Aguiar de Sousa, Christoph J. Griessenauer, Ava Hamidi, Seyed Amir Ebrahimzadeh, Farhad Assarzadegan, Jong Ho Park, Hamidreza Mirkarimi, Mostafa Almasi-Dooghaee, Achille Cernigliaro, Jeffrey C Mai, Lawrence Nolan, Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh, Leila Poorsaadat, Yasaman Ahmadzadeh, João Pedro Marto, Humain Baharvahdat, Kristi Tempro, Seyed Aidin Sajedi, Teresa Mesquita, Bruno Gonçalves, Venkatesh Avula, Manuel Requena, Jason J. Chang, Mika Niemelä, Zeynab Sadat Hasheminejad, Branko Malojčić, Elsa Azevedo, Abhi Pandhi, Debdipto Misra, Ramin Zand, Vida Abedi, Marta Rubiera, Thorsten Steiner, Alireza Vafaei Sadr, Sepideh Paybast, Rohan Arora, Behnam Rezai Jahromi, Firas Kobeissy, Jiang Li, Daniel Bock, Behnam Sabayan, Eric Koza, Joan Montaner, Lev Lotman, Mercedes de Lera Alfonso, Carlo W. Cereda, Mahtab Ramezani, Matthew S. Tenser, Duchange, Nathalie, Geisinger Health System [Danville, PA, USA], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Attikon University Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine [Scranton, PA, USA], University of Southern California (USC), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of Messina, Regional Health Authority of Sicily [Palermo], University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], PES University [Bangalore], Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], University of Melbourne, Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, University Hospital Virgen Macarena [Sevilla], Poursina Hospital, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João [Porto], Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, University of Tennessee [Chattanooga] (UTC), Valiasr Hospital [Borujen], University Hospital Basel [Basel], Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Clinical Hospital Dubrava [Zagreb, Croatia] (CHD), University of Basel (Unibas), Galliera Hospital [Genova, Italy], Yasrebi Hospital [Kashan, Iran] (YH), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences [Tabriz, Iran] (TUOMS), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], Albany Medical College, Georgetown University Medical Center, Vidant Medical Center [Greenville, NC, USA] (VMC), Allegheny Health Network [Pittsburgh, PA, USA] (AHN), University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Partenaires INRAE, University of Zagreb, Hospital De Egas Moniz [Lisbon], University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Ain Shams University (ASU), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Asan Medical Center [Seoul], University of Ulsan, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], National University Health System [Singapore] (NUHS), Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Hospital for Special Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Centro Médico de Campinas [São Paulo], Gheshm Hospital, Gilan University of Medical Sciences [Lahijan], Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (MUI), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Modarres Hospital [Kashmar], Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (SUMS), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Salahadin Ayubi Hospital [Baneh], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Long Island Jewish Forest Hills [New York], Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Department of Neurosciences, HUS Neurocenter, Neurokirurgian yksikkö, Clinicum, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Universidade do Porto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Hospital De Egas Moniz [Lisbon, Portugal] (Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental), and University of Helsinki
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Male ,Cerebrovascular disorders ,MESH: Geography ,Epidemiology ,International Cooperation ,SUBTYPES ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Prospective Studies ,Young adult ,Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ,MESH: Treatment Outcome ,Subtypes ,neuroimaging ,MESH: Middle Aged ,MESH: Risk ,Geography ,STATEMENT ,cerebrovascular disorders ,intracranial hemorrhages ,stroke ,venous thrombosis ,virus diseases ,Countries ,3. Good health ,MESH: Young Adult ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,MESH: Intracranial Hemorrhages ,COUNTRIES ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Registry ,MESH: Health Expenditures ,03 medical and health sciences ,1ST-EVER ISCHEMIC-STROKE ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,Humans ,Aged ,Ischemic Stroke ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,MESH: Humans ,3112 Neurosciences ,MESH: Adult ,medicine.disease ,MESH: International Cooperation ,nervous system ,RISK-FACTORS ,Observational study ,Neurology (clinical) ,Statement ,Health Expenditures ,Young-Adults ,MESH: Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,viruses ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial ,Venous thrombosis ,YOUNG-ADULTS ,Risk-Factors ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,MESH: COVID-19 ,Prospective cohort study ,Stroke ,MESH: Aged ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,CEREBRAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS ,Middle Aged ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,Treatment Outcome ,MESH: Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Interstroke ,MESH: Ischemic Stroke ,Adult ,Risk ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Neuroimaging ,macromolecular substances ,Asymptomatic ,Young Adult ,INTERSTROKE ,Aneurysm ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Artery occlusions ,MESH: Male ,MESH: Prospective Studies ,Intracranial hemorrhages ,REGISTRY ,MESH: Venous Thrombosis ,1st-Ever Ischemic-Stroke ,business - Abstract
Background and Purpose: Stroke is reported as a consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in several reports. However, data are sparse regarding the details of these patients in a multinational and large scale. Methods: We conducted a multinational observational study on features of consecutive acute ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and cerebral venous or sinus thrombosis among SARS-CoV-2–infected patients. We further investigated the risk of large vessel occlusion, stroke severity as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and stroke subtype as measured by the TOAST (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) criteria among patients with acute ischemic stroke. In addition, we explored the neuroimaging findings, features of patients who were asymptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 infection at stroke onset, and the impact of geographic regions and countries’ health expenditure on outcomes. Results: Among the 136 tertiary centers of 32 countries who participated in this study, 71 centers from 17 countries had at least 1 eligible stroke patient. Of 432 patients included, 323 (74.8%) had acute ischemic stroke, 91 (21.1%) intracranial hemorrhage, and 18 (4.2%) cerebral venous or sinus thrombosis. A total of 183 (42.4%) patients were women, 104 (24.1%) patients were P =0.02) and higher rate of mechanical thrombectomy (12.4% versus 2%; P Conclusions: We observed a considerably higher rate of large vessel occlusions, a much lower rate of small vessel occlusion and lacunar infarction, and a considerable number of young stroke when compared with the population studies before the pandemic. The rate of mechanical thrombectomy was significantly lower in countries with lower health expenditures.
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- 2021
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9. Out-of-hospital assessment and triage of paracetamol (acetaminophen) exposure in the United States and Canada: a consensus guideline.
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Fox EJ, Dalton AM, Mullins ME, Matoushek T, Ruha AM, Burns MM, Simone K, Beuhler MC, Heard KJ, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Stork CM, Varney SM, Funk AR, Cantrell FL, Cole JB, Banner W, Stolbach AI, Hendrickson RG, Lucyk SN, Sivilotti MLA, Su MK, Nelson LS, Rumack BH, and Dart RC
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Introduction: Consensus guidelines for out-of-hospital assessment and triage of paracetamol (acetaminophen) exposure were published in 2006. Changes in the healthcare system, paracetamol ingestion trends, and availability of paracetamol-containing products necessitate an update to these guidelines. Updated guidelines were created for out-of-hospital management of paracetamol exposure in the United States and Canada., Methods: A modified Delphi consensus methodology was used to create a decision framework to evaluate clinical aspects of care related to paracetamol overdose in the out-of-hospital setting. Twenty-one panelists were selected by four clinical toxicology societies (America's Poison Centers®, American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American College of Medical Toxicology, and Canadian Association for Poison Centres and Clinical Toxicology) to participate as panelists. Guidelines were collected from most poison centers in the United States and Canada, and systematic collection and review of medical literature was conducted., Results: The panel developed a guideline for out-of-hospital management of paracetamol exposure that encompasses acute and repeated supratherapeutic ingestion patterns. Acute ingestion is defined as any ingestion presenting within 24 h of initial ingestion, regardless of ingestion pattern. Repeated supratherapeutic ingestion is defined as an exposure that occurs over a period of 24 h or more. This guideline emphasizes the importance of obtaining accurate history. When ingestion history is determined as accurate, dosage and ingestion pattern are used to decide treatment referral. It is recommended that patients be referred to the emergency department if their ingestion amount is: (1) ≥200 mg/kg or 10 g (whichever is less) within 24 h; (2) ≥150 mg/kg/24 h or 6 g/day (whichever is less) within 48 h; (3) ≥100 mg/kg/24 h or 4 g/day (whichever is less) for more than 48 h., Discussion: The need for standardizing the out-of-hospital assessment and triage of paracetamol exposure is pressing. Despite the availability of acetylcysteine, some patients develop fatal liver failure due to missed diagnoses and delays in treatment. Failure to recognize cases requiring acetylcysteine is associated with significant morbidity and mortality., Conclusion: This consensus statement provides evidence-based guidance for out-of-hospital management of paracetamol ingestion to standardize healthcare facility referral criteria for paracetamol exposed patients.
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- 2025
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10. Shared decision making in routine oncology appointments with Black patients with lung cancer.
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AuBuchon KE, Khoudary A, Rodriguez JD, Billini OM, Westervelt I, Taylor EP, Newton N, Emenyonu M, Kim C, Veystman I, Wheeley J, Gutierrez M, Derry-Vick HM, and Conley CC
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, Communication, Patient Participation, Adult, White, Lung Neoplasms therapy, Lung Neoplasms psychology, Decision Making, Shared, Black or African American statistics & numerical data, Physician-Patient Relations, Patient Satisfaction
- Abstract
Purpose: Poor clinician-patient communication may contribute to racialized inequities in cancer symptom burden. Shared decision-making (SDM) enhances clinician-patient communication, and could contribute to health equity for Black patients with cancer. However, research on SDM is limited for Black patients with cancer., Methods: This multi-method longitudinal observational study examined SDM during routine oncology follow-ups for patients with advanced lung cancer. We analyzed SDM reported by clinicians (n = 6), self-identified Black patients with lung cancer (n = 30), and coded from patient visit recordings (n = 20). We described the symptom management conversations, and examined how SDM related to patient satisfaction and symptom severity with two-sided correlations., Results: Most patients (85.0%) asked questions during appointments and discussed cancer-related symptoms (95.0%), most commonly pain/neuropathy (65.0%). Though coded SDM during symptom discussions was low, providers and patients reported high levels of SDM. Coded SDM did not statistically significantly correlate with post-appointment satisfaction (r = -.01, p > .10) or symptom burden (r = .04, p > .10). However, patient-reported SDM did relate to post-appointment satisfaction (r = .72, p = .08) and symptom burden (r = .35, p = .08) one month later., Conclusions: Through detailed multi-method analysis, we found that coded SDM did not correspond to patient and physician-reported SDM during routine oncology appointments. Patient-reported SDM correlated to several better physical and mental health outcomes as well as overall satisfaction a month later. Our findings highlight the complexities of clinician-patient communication and the importance of studying these processes for Black patients with cancer. Future research should develop culturally-relevant methods of assessing SDM with Black patients and understand Black patients' communication needs., Competing Interests: Declarations. Role of the funder: The funder did not play a role in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; the writing of the manuscript; and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Conflicts of interest: CCC has received grant funding from Pfizer. HDV has an unrelated financial relationship (spouse employment) with Dechra Pharmaceuticals. MG reports the following conflicts of interests: Speakers' Bureau at Bristol Myers Squibb and Merc; Advisory Board member at Sanofi, Incyte; Consultant for Celularity, Guardant; Personal Stock/Shares in COTA Healthcare. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2025
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11. Balancing form and function: A single-center review of autologous vs. synthetic grafts in cranioplasty.
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Snee I, Gensler R, Dowlati E, Parikh RP, and Felbaum D
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Adult, Transplantation, Autologous methods, Aged, Skull surgery, Treatment Outcome, Decompressive Craniectomy methods, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods, Bone Transplantation methods, Postoperative Complications epidemiology
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Background: Cranioplasty is performed to restore cranial integrity following decompressive hemicraniectomy, with both autologous bone grafts (ABGs) and synthetic grafts (SGs) serving as reconstructive options. While previous studies have examined clinical outcomes, there is a lack of robust data comparing aesthetic outcomes and complication rates between ABGs and SGs. This study evaluates these parameters to guide optimal graft selection., Method: A single-center retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent cranioplasty with either ABGs or SGs between January 2017 and November 2023. Patient demographics, perioperative variables, and postoperative complications were collected. Aesthetic outcomes were assessed using axial CT scans to measure frontal and parietal asymmetry. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate comparisons, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) history, hypertension (HTN), atrial fibrillation (AFib), ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt status, and insurance type., Results: Among 200 patients, 82 (41.0%) received ABGs, and 118 (59.0%) received SGs. Frontal and parietal asymmetry scores did not significantly differ between groups (p = 0.321, p = 0.348). Median time to cranioplasty was shorter for ABGs than SGs (106.5 vs. 117 days; p = 0.038). Postoperative complications were significantly higher in the SG group compared to ABGs (30.5% vs. 9.8%; p = 0.001), with infections being more frequent in SGs (p = 0.048). SGs were also associated with a higher rate of revision surgeries., Conclusions: ABGs and SGs provide comparable aesthetic outcomes, but SGs carry a significantly higher risk of complications and revisions. Given its lower complication rates and cost-effectiveness, ABGs should be prioritized when feasible. However, SGs remain a viable option in cases where autologous bone is unavailable or contraindicated. Future studies should focus on long-term follow-up and patient-reported outcomes to further refine cranioplasty decision-making., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics statement: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Human ethics and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, IRB number: 00004771. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, the requirement for obtaining informed consent was waived by the IRB. Consent to participate: Informed consent was not required for this study, as it was a retrospective analysis of existing patient data. The Institutional Review Board granted a waiver of consent. Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)
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- 2025
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12. Venous Thromboembolism Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prophylaxis in Burn Patients: A National Trauma Database Study.
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Stanton EW, Manasyan A, Thompson CM, Patel GP, Lacey AM, Travis TE, Vrouwe SQ, Sheckter CC, and Gillenwater J
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- Humans, Male, Female, Risk Factors, Incidence, Middle Aged, United States epidemiology, Adult, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, Aged, Burns complications, Venous Thromboembolism prevention & control, Venous Thromboembolism epidemiology, Venous Thromboembolism etiology, Databases, Factual
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Comprehensive studies on the incidence, risk factors, and prophylactic measures related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) are lacking in burn care. This study characterizes VTE risk and existing prevention measures to improve and inform overall patient care in the field of burn care on a national scale. The US National Trauma Data Bank was queried from 2007 to 2021 to identify burn-injured patients. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analyses were used to explore the association between demographic/clinical characteristics and VTE risk as well as compare various VTE chemoprophylaxis types. There were 326 614 burn-injured patients included for analysis; 5642 (1.7%) experienced a VTE event during their hospitalization. Patients with VTE were significantly older, had greater body mass indexes and % total body surface area, and were more likely to be male (P < .001). History of smoking, hypertension or myocardial infarction, and/or substance use disorder were significant predictors of VTE (P < .001). Patients who received low molecular weight heparin were less likely to have VTE compared to patients treated with heparin when controlling for other VTE risk factors (odds ratio [OR]: 0.564, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.523-0.607, P < .001). Longer time to VTE chemoprophylaxis (>6 h) initiation was significantly associated with VTE (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07, P < .001). This study sheds light on risk factors and chemoprophylaxis in VTE to help guide clinical practice when implementing prevention strategies in patients with burns. This knowledge can be leveraged to refine risk stratification models, inform evidence-based prevention strategies, and ultimately enhance the quality of care for patients with burns at risk of VTE., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2025
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13. Independent Predictors of 90-Day Readmission in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Retrospective Study.
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Kunkle B, Singh H, Abraham D, Asamoah N, Barrow J, and Mattar M
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Background and Aims: There is a paucity of literature that comprehensively investigates risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) readmissions on a national scale. In this study, we look to identify independent risk factors for readmission, including psychosocial factors, in patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of Ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD)., Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). We identified cohorts of adult patients (n=28,473) who required inpatient admission for UC or CD in the US in the year 2020. Multivariate logistic regression models controlling for confounding variables were used to identify independent predictors of 90-day readmission., Results: Patients were identified who required hospitalization for UC (n=11,476) and CD (n=16,997). In patients with UC, younger age, male sex, and transfusion requirement during index hospitalization were all independently predictive of increased 90-day readmission (all p < .05). Psychosocial factors predictive of readmission include alcohol use disorder, drug abuse, and poverty (all p < .05). In patients with CD, younger age and chronic pain were both predictive of increased readmissions (all p < .05). Psychosocial factors predictive of readmission include lower income quartile, uninsured status, depression, drug abuse, nicotine dependence, and opioid use disorder (all p < .05)., Conclusions: This study identifies several risk factors for readmission in patients with IBD, many of which are potentially modifiable psychosocial factors. Closer follow-up, possibly via virtual modalities, as well as alternative treatment strategies, should be considered in patients with IBD at higher risk of readmission., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2025
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14. Holistic Teaching: The Role of Group Therapy in Enriching Medical Student Psychiatry Training.
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Missner AA, Clore L, Fishman R, and Abell R
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Competing Interests: Declarations. Disclosures: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
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- 2025
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15. Botox for Sleep Effectiveness.
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Getaneh FW, Richter LA, Dabbas M, Chou J, Iglesia CB, and Dieter AA
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- Humans, Female, Aged, Prospective Studies, Middle Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Sleep Quality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Sleep Wake Disorders drug therapy, Nocturia drug therapy, Botulinum Toxins, Type A administration & dosage, Botulinum Toxins, Type A therapeutic use, Botulinum Toxins, Type A adverse effects, Urinary Bladder, Overactive drug therapy, Quality of Life
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Importance: Nocturia is one of the most bothersome complaints in women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Although small preliminary studies have shown that intradetrusor onabotulinum toxin A (BTX) injections reduce nocturia episodes, it is not known how reduction in nighttime urination affects sleep quality and quality of life., Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of BTX on nocturia frequency, sleep quality, and quality of life., Study Design: This is a prospective observation study of adult women with ≥2 nocturia episodes and OAB planning to undergo treatment with BTX injections. Participants completed a 2-day bladder/sleep diary and sleep-related questionnaires at baseline and 5 weeks post-BTX., Results: A total of 40 participants were included with a mean age of 71 ± 12 years and most (90%) undergoing 100 units of BTX injection. At baseline, the median nocturia episodes were 3.5 (IQR, 2.5-5.0), and nearly half (43%) of participants reported mild to moderate sleep disturbance. At 5 weeks post-BTX, we found a significant decrease in nocturia episodes (-2/night) and a 59% decrease in mild to moderate sleep disturbance (P = 0.006). There were significant increases in longest sleep interval (+1.5 hours), time to first awakening (+1.6 hours) and average sleep interval (+1.3 hours), and a significant increase in nocturia-related quality of life scores (P < 0.001 for all). Sixteen (40%) of participants had nocturia resolution defined as ≤1 mean nocturia episode post-BTX., Conclusions: For women with OAB and >2 nocturia episodes/night, BTX injections reduce voids/night and improve sleep quality and nocturia-related quality of life., Competing Interests: The authors have declared they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 American Urogynecologic Society. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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16. Surgical Site Infection After Sacral Neuromodulation: Impact of Postoperative Antibiotics.
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King LJ, Ashmore SL, Chapman HL, McKenzie CM, Clarke BE, Rozycki SK, Rothenberger RW, Floch JM, Khalid NR, Roberts BL, Bonglack MN, and Rardin CR
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- Humans, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Female, Aged, Electric Stimulation Therapy methods, Sacrum innervation, Sacrum surgery, Postoperative Care methods, Surgical Wound Infection prevention & control, Surgical Wound Infection epidemiology, Surgical Wound Infection etiology, Antibiotic Prophylaxis methods, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use
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Importance: There are limited data to guide practices to reduce surgical site infections following sacral neuromodulation; however, many surgeons prescribe prophylactic postoperative antibiotics after device implantation., Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the proportion of patients with sacral neuromodulation device-associated surgical site infections after use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics versus none., Study Design: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing sacral neuromodulation device implantation at 11 institutions from January 2014 to December 2023, comparing outcomes in patients who did versus did not receive prophylactic postoperative antibiotic treatment. The primary outcome was surgical site infection within 90 days. The proportions of surgical site infections were compared, and regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with surgical site infection., Results: A total of 1,798 patients met inclusion criteria. Within this population, 67 surgical site infections (3.7%) were identified. Patients who received postoperative antibiotics (898/1798, 49.9%) were older (63.2 years vs 61.0 years, P < 0.001), and a greater proportion had staged procedures (57.9% vs 49.8%, P < 0.001). The proportion of surgical site infections and device explantations were not different between groups (3.6% vs 3.9%, P = 0.8) and (2.0% vs 2.8%, P = 0.2), respectively. After adjusting for age in a multivariate analysis, prophylactic postoperative antibiotic use was not associated with surgical site infections (0.98, 95% CI: 0.61-1.61, P = 0.94)., Conclusions: Rates of surgical site infection following device implantation are low. Our findings suggest that the use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics has minimal effect on reducing infection after device implantation. Further research is needed to explore underlying factors influencing this relationship., Competing Interests: The authors have declared they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 American Urogynecologic Society. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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17. Outcomes of KDIGO-Defined CKD in U.S. Veterans With HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF.
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Patel S, Raman VK, Faselis C, Fonarow GC, Lam PH, Ahmed AA, Heidenreich PA, Anker SD, Deedwania P, Morgan CJ, Zhang S, Moore H, Rangaswami J, Bakris G, Butler J, Sheriff HM, Allman RM, Zeng-Treitler Q, Wu WC, and Ahmed A
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- Humans, Male, Female, Aged, United States epidemiology, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Aged, 80 and over, Ventricular Function, Left physiology, Stroke Volume physiology, Heart Failure physiopathology, Heart Failure epidemiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic physiopathology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic epidemiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic complications, Glomerular Filtration Rate physiology, Veterans statistics & numerical data
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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by the KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) guideline as abnormal kidney structure or function, present for >3 months, with implications for health. KDIGO-defined CKD is associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Less is known about whether these associations vary by left ventricular ejection fraction., Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence and outcomes of KDIGO-defined CKD in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)., Methods: Of the 1,446,053 veterans with an HF diagnosis (1991-2017) in the national Veterans Affairs electronic health record data, 365,000 with data on EF had KDIGO-defined CKD or normal kidney function (NKF). CKD was defined as 2 values measured 90 days apart of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m
2 (categorized into 4 eGFR stages based on the last eGFR: 45-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 , 30-44 mL/min/1.73 m2 , 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) >30 mg/g (albuminuria). NKF was defined as 2 values measured >90 days apart of eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , without eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria for 3 years before HF diagnosis. Patients were categorized into HFpEF (EF ≥50%, n = 85,855), HFmrEF (EF 41%-49%, n = 39,397), and HFrEF (EF ≤40%, n = 139,748). HRs and 95% CIs for 5-year all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization through December 31, 2022, associated with the 5 CKD groups (vs NKF) were estimated using Cox regression., Results: Among patients with HF and NKF, mortality occurred in 39%, 37%. and 41%, and HF hospitalization occurred in 12%, 15%, and 21% of those with HFpEF, HFmrEF. and HFrEF, respectively. Compared with NKF, CKD was associated with 16%, 19%, and 26% higher multivariable-adjusted risks for death in patients with HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF, respectively. Respective risks for HF hospitalization were 31%, 33%, and 32% higher. The eGFR-associated risks were incrementally higher with decreasing eGFR, except for eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 , likely because of the initiation of dialysis during follow-up. Albuminuria was associated with 16%, 10%, and 12% higher multivariable-adjusted risks for death and 29, 30%, and 24% for HF hospitalization in HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF, respectively. All associations were statistically significant., Conclusions: These findings based on KDIGO-defined CKD and NKF provide new information about the best estimates of true prevalence and outcomes of CKD in HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF., Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures This work was supported by a grant from the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Health Services Research and Development Service (I01HX002422) to the Washington DC VA Medical Center. Support for CMS and USRDS Data provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Health Services Research and Development Service, VA Information Resource Center (Project Numbers SDR 02-237 and 98-004). The funding organization or sponsor played no role in the design, analysis, or interpretation of the current study or in the preparation, review, approval, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States government. Dr Fonarow has received consulting fees from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Cytokinetics, Egnite, Janssen, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Urovant; and has received payment or honoraria for lectures from Novartis. Dr Bakris has received consulting fees from Bayer, Janssen, KBP Biosciences, Ionis, Alnylam, Novo Nordisk, Janssen, and InREGEN. Dr Butler has been a consultant to Abbott, American Regent, Amgen, Applied Therapeutic, AskBio, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cardiac Dimension, Cardiocell, Cardior, CSL Bearing, CVRx, Cytokinetics, Daxor, Edwards, Element Science, Faraday, Foundry, G3P, Innolife, Impulse Dynamics, Imbria, Inventiva, Ionis, Lexicon, Lilly, LivaNova, Janssen, Medtronics, Merck, Occlutech, Owkin, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Pharmain, Prolaio, Regeneron, Renibus, Roche, Salamandra, Sanofi, SC Pharma, Secretome, Sequana, SQ Innovation, Tenex, Tricog, Ultromics, Vifor, and Zoll. Drs Ali Ahmed, Wu, and Zeng-Treitler have received research grant funding from National Institutes of Health, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Defense. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)- Published
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18. Effect of Vaginal Prolapse Repair and Midurethral Sling on Urgency Incontinence Symptoms.
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Mezes CM, Russell GB, Gutman RE, Iglesia C, Rardin C, Kenton K, Collins S, and Matthews CA
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- Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Urinary Incontinence, Stress surgery, Treatment Outcome, Gynecologic Surgical Procedures methods, Gynecologic Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Risk Factors, Suburethral Slings, Uterine Prolapse surgery, Urinary Incontinence, Urge surgery
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Importance: Limited evidence exists on the effect of combined native tissue vaginal prolapse repair with midurethral sling on urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) symptoms., Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of combined native tissue vaginal prolapse repair with midurethral sling on UUI symptoms at 12 months postoperatively and identify risk factors for persistent UUI., Study Design: This secondary analysis utilized data from a randomized trial comparing retropubic versus single-incision slings in women undergoing treatment of stress incontinence and vaginal prolapse with native tissue vaginal repair and midurethral sling. Responses to Question 16 of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 were grouped into no and mild UUI (0, 1) versus moderate and severe UUI (2, 3, 4), and associations between UUI symptoms and patient and surgical characteristics were explored., Results: At baseline, 196/254 (77%) reported at least moderate UUI bother, whereas 58 (23%) had no bother. At 12 months postoperatively, persistent, resolved and de novo UUI were 41%, 59%, and 11%, respectively. At baseline, higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 1.08 95% CI, 1.02-1.14; P = 0.005) and symptomatic SUI (OR, 4.76; 95% CI, 2.53-9.01; P < 0.001) were associated with UUI. At 12 months, age (OR, 1.18, 95% CI, 1.04-1.35; P = 0.012) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.45; P = 0.049) were associated with UUI. Colpocleisis was the only significant protective factor for the presence of UUI at 12 months (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13-0.97; P = 0.043)., Conclusion: At 12 months postoperatively, almost 60% saw resolution of baseline UUI symptoms, especially those undergoing colpocleisis., (Copyright © 2024 American Urogynecologic Society. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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19. Digoxin Discontinuation in Patients With HFrEF on Beta-Blockers: Implication for Future 'Knock-Out Trials' in Heart Failure.
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Lam PH, Liu K, Ahmed AA, Butler J, Heidenreich PA, Anker MS, Faselis C, Deedwania P, Aronow WS, Kanonidis I, Masson R, Gill GS, Morgan CJ, Arundel C, Allman RM, Wu WC, Fonarow GC, and Ahmed A
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- Humans, Female, Male, Aged, Middle Aged, Cardiotonic Agents therapeutic use, Withholding Treatment statistics & numerical data, Drug Therapy, Combination, Patient Readmission statistics & numerical data, Propensity Score, Digoxin therapeutic use, Heart Failure drug therapy, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists therapeutic use, Stroke Volume
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Background: National heart failure guidelines recommend quadruple therapy with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), most of whom also receive loop diuretics. However, the guidelines are less clear about the safe approaches to discontinuing older drugs whose decreasing or residual benefit is less well understood. The objective of this study was to examine whether digoxin can be safely discontinued in patients with HFrEF receiving beta-blockers., Methods: In OPTIMIZE-HF, of 2477 patients with HFrEF (EF ≤45%) receiving beta-blockers and digoxin, digoxin was discontinued in 450 patients. We assembled a propensity score-matched cohort of 433 pairs of patients in which digoxin continuation vs. discontinuation groups were balanced on 51 baseline characteristics. Using the same approach, from 992 patients not on beta-blockers, we assembled a matched cohort of 198 pairs of patients also balanced on 51 baseline characteristics. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for 1-year outcomes were estimated., Results: Among patients receiving beta-blockers, digoxin discontinuation had no association with the combined endpoint of heart failure readmission or death (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.85-1.19), heart failure readmission (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.85-1.25) or death (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.72-1.14). Respective HRs (95% CIs) among patients not receiving beta-blockers were 1.60 (1.25-2.04), 1.62 (1.18-2.22) and 1.43 (1.08-1.89)., Conclusions: Digoxin can be discontinued without increasing the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with HFrEF receiving beta-blockers. Future studies need to examine the residual benefit of older heart failure drugs to ensure their safe discontinuation in patients with HFrEF receiving newer guideline-directed medical therapy., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2025
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20. Outcomes at 12, 24, and 36 Months in Women Treated for Pelvic Organ Prolapse With Pessary or Surgery: Results From the Multicenter Pelvic Floor Disorders Registry.
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Andy UU, Meyn L, Brown HW, Moalli PA, Ferrando CA, Shippey S, Omosigho UR, Kowalski JT, Guaderrama NM, Anger JT, Foster RT Sr, Gutman RE, and Yurteri-Kaplan L
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Objective: The aim of this study was to describe real-world outcomes in women treated for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with pessary or surgery over 36 months., Study Design: We report outcomes of patients in a multicenter, prospective registry who opted for treatment of POP with either pessary (discontinuation or retreatment with surgery rates and subjective improvement) or surgery (retreatment rates or subjective improvement)., Results: Among 1,153 patients, follow-up was available for 248 (84%), 123 (42%), and 98 (33%) in the pessary group and 717 (93%), 407 (53%), and 331 (43%) in the surgery group at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. In the pessary group, rates of discontinuation and retreatment decreased over time with 82/248 patients (33%) discontinuing pessary use at 12 months, of whom 32 (39%) had surgery, 17/123 (14%) discontinuing at 24 months, of whom 7 had surgery, and 5/98 (5%) discontinuing at 36 months, of whom 2 had surgery. Subjective recurrence rates were 76/147 (52%), 4/99 (4%), and 11/87 (13%) at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. In the surgery group, the rate of retreatment was 15/717 (2%), 6/407 (1%), and 5/331 (2%) and the rate of subjective recurrence was 71/717 (10%), 8/407 (2%), and 13/331 (4%) at 12, 24, and 36 months., Conclusions: In this real-world registry, we observed that approximately one third of patients discontinued pessary use during the first 12 months, which decreased over time. There were low rates of reintervention following surgical management over the 36-month period. Our data provide valuable information that may be helpful for clinicians in counseling patients about management of their POP., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: UUA: Funding provided by NIA R01AG071707 and NICHD UG1 HD069010. LM, SS, URO, JTK, NMG, JTA, RTF, and LY-K have declared they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2025 American Urogynecologic Society. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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21. Meniscal repair with concomitant suture-augmented ACL repair versus reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study.
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Garside JC, Bellaire CP, Perraut GT, and Argintar EH
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- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Male, Female, Adult, Reinjuries, Young Adult, Menisci, Tibial surgery, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction methods, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Tibial Meniscus Injuries surgery, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries surgery, Suture Techniques
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Introduction: This study evaluated patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) and reinjury rates in patients undergoing meniscal repair with concomitant suture-augmented (SA) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) or repair (ACLr)., Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent concomitant meniscus and ACL procedures by a single surgeon between 2015 and 2021. Inclusion criteria were meniscal repair with concomitant SA ACLR or SA ACLr, at least two years of follow-up, and participation in postoperative PROM surveys. Exclusion criteria were concomitant meniscectomy, multiligament repair or reconstruction, or other concomitant procedures at the time of the index operation. After a minimum of two years of follow-up, data was collected on reinjury and patient reported outcome measures, including Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Visual Analog Pain Scale, and Veterans Rand 12 Item Survey (VR-12)., Results: 39 total patients were identified, 12 ACL repairs and 27 ACL reconstructions. 6 patients were lost to follow-up, with 10 patients in the ACLr cohort and 23 patients in the ACLR cohort included in the study. Meniscus tear laterality was not significantly different between the cohorts (p = 0.3828). There were two meniscal repair failures in the ACLr cohort compared to one in the ACLR cohort (p = 0.2117). There was one ACL reinjury in the ACLr cohort compared to zero reinjuries in the ACLR cohort (p = 0.3030). In a univariate analysis of PROMs, there were no significant differences in postoperative KOOS (p = 0.3308), VAS (p = 0.9955), SANE (p = 0.3449), VR-12M (p = 0.4705), or VR-12P (p = 0.7903) scores between the cohorts. In a multivariable analysis controlling for age, sex, BMI, meniscus tear laterality, and meniscus tear pattern, choice of ACL procedure was not a significant predictor of any postoperative PROM. 23 total patients, 6 ACL repairs and 17 ACL reconstructions had preoperative data available and were evaluated for changes in PROMs after surgery. There were clinically significant improvements in KOOS and SANE scores in both cohorts postoperatively., Conclusion: In this cohort of patients, meniscal repair with SA ACLr was not inferior to meniscal repair with SA ACLR at two years of follow-up., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: Evan Argintar, MD, declares a relationship with Arthrex Inc that includes consulting. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethical statement: This study was approved by Georgetown University Institutional Review Board: STUDY00006386., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2025
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22. Epidemiology and Prognostic Significance of Acute Non-Cardiac Organ Dysfunction across Cardiogenic Shock Subtypes: Varshney et al; Non-Cardiac Organ Dysfunction in CS.
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Varshney AS, Palazzolo MG, Barnett CF, Bohula EA, Burke JA, Chaudhry SP, Chonde MD, Ghafghazi S, Gerber DA, Kenigsberg B, Kontos MC, Kwon Y, Lawler PR, Loriaux DB, Menon V, Miller E, O'Brien CG, Papolos AI, Patel SM, Potter BJ, Prasad R, Shah KS, Sinha SS, Solomon MA, Thompson A, Teuteberg JJ, van Diepen S, Morrow DA, and Berg DD
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Background: The epidemiology and prognostic significance of acute non-cardiac organ dysfunction across cardiogenic shock (CS) subtypes are not well-defined., Methods: CS admissions from 2017-2022 in the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network Registry were classified as acute myocardial infarction-related CS (AMI-CS), acute-on-chronic heart failure-related CS (AoC HF-CS), or de novo HF-CS, and categorized as having at least moderate respiratory, kidney, liver, and/or neurologic dysfunction using established criteria. Burden of organ dysfunction was defined as no organ dysfunction (NOD), single organ dysfunction (SOD), or multi (≥2) organ dysfunction (MOD). Multivariable models were used to evaluate associations of burden and type of non-cardiac organ dysfunction with in-hospital death., Results: Among 3,904 CS admissions, 29.4% had AMI-CS, 50.9% had AoC HF-CS, and 19.7% had de novo HF-CS. AMI-CS and de novo HF-CS had greater prevalence of MOD (35.0% and 33.9%, respectively) compared with AoC HF-CS (23.1%; p<0.01). In-hospital mortality was higher with greater burden of organ dysfunction in the overall CS cohort (SOD vs. NOD: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for in-hospital death 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0-3.2; MOD vs. NOD: aOR 6.5, 95% CI 5.1-8.2) and across each CS subtype. Kidney dysfunction was the most prognostically important form of organ dysfunction in the overall cohort (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 3.4-5.0) and for each CS subtype., Conclusion: Admissions for AoC HF-CS had a lower burden of acute non-cardiac organ dysfunction compared with admissions for de novo HF-CS and AMI-CS. However, acute non-cardiac organ dysfunction burden was similarly adversely prognostic across all CS subtypes., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2025
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23. Pulsed dye laser for nail psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Gratz BW, Resnick GF, Etcheverry MJ, Geng X, and Stringer TP
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- 2025
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24. Dermatologists' ethical considerations of people experiencing homelessness (PEH).
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Etcheverry MJ, Khanna R, and Grant-Kels JM
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- 2025
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25. Preoperative tumor marker elevations in colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal metastases should be used to help select patients for cytoreductive surgery.
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Ghabra S, Chang D, and Sugarbaker PH
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Background: Tumor markers are used routinely for surveillance in patients treated for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognostic implications of elevated preoperative tumor markers in patients treated for CRC and peritoneal metastases (PM) has not been well defined. The utility of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) to predict outcome for these patients is reported., Methods: Clinical and histologic features plus preoperative tumor markers were recorded within 1 week prior to CRS. Impact on overall survival of these factors was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis., Results: Two hundred and four patients were in our database and 140 patients (75.3 %) had at least a single elevated preoperative tumor marker. In an analysis of clinical and histologic parameters preoperatively, a poorly differentiated tumor, signet ring morphology, a peritoneal cancer index (PCI) of ≥16 and an incomplete cytoreduction had a negative impact on median survival. In a multivariate analysis of clinical and histologic features together with tumor markers, an elevated CA19-9 and CA125 was independently associated with reduced overall survival (HR 2.7, p < 0.0001 and HR 2.2, p = 0.005), respectively. Quantitative assessment of CEA (HR 0.5, p = 0.0094) and CA19-9 (HR 4.9, p < 0.001) greater than x10 ULN showed reduced survival., Conclusion: Preoperative assessment of symptoms and histopathology, PCI and a complete CRS combined with tumor markers CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 are independent prognostic indicators for selection by the multidisciplinary team of CRC PM patients for CRS and HIPEC. All three tumor markers are needed for a meaningful assessment., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd, BASO ~ The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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26. Machine Learning in Intravascular Ultrasound: Validating Automated Lesion Assessment for Complex Coronary Interventions.
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Galo J, Chaturvedi A, Al-Qaraghuli A, Rubio PM, Zhang C, Kahsay Y, Verma BR, Chitturi KR, Mintz GS, Waksman R, Case BC, Hashim H, and Garcia-Garcia HM
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Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is essential for assessing complex coronary lesions, but remains underutilized in part due to difficulties in image interpretation. The AVVIGO IVUS Automated Lesion Assessment (ALA) software, which uses machine learning (ML) for automatic segmentation, promises to simplify lesion assessment. This study evaluated the agreement in stent size selection between ALA, an independent core laboratory (CL), and an expert interventional cardiologist (IC) for complex lesions., Aims: The primary endpoint was the agreement in stent size selection, within 0.25 mm, of AVVIGO ALA automatic segmentation of Class I lesions against the gold-standard measurement by an independent CL analysis and against an expert IC, (H. H.). The secondary endpoint was to assess the relative differences between AVVIGO ALA and CL, AVVIGO ALA and IC, and CL and IC, in vessel and lumen areas., Methods: Patients with complex coronary lesions, including left main bifurcation, long, and severely calcified lesions, were retrospectively analyzed using IVUS with ALA. Stent size selection and area measurements by ALA were compared against a CL and IC using established sizing methods., Results: In 48 patients, ALA demonstrated high agreement with CL (92%-100%) and IC (91%-98.5%) in stent size selection across lesion subtypes using recommended sizing methods. Lumen-based sizing achieved higher agreement than vessel-based sizing, particularly in calcified lesions (100% vs. 87%). The variability in relative difference in measurements between ALA and CL was greater than IC and CL in distal vessel and lesion vessel areas. The relative difference in measurements between ALA and IC was greater in vessel-based sizing compared to lumen-based sizing in the distal reference marker., Conclusion: AVVIGO ALA demonstrated high agreement in stent size selection compared to a CL and expert IC. ML's ability to automate IVUS analysis may improve operator efficiency, reduce radiation exposure, and enhance the adoption of intravascular imaging in routine practice. It remains to be seen if it will impact of adoption of IVUS to guide complex PCI., (© 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2025
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27. Automated Detection of Reduced Ejection Fraction Using an ECG-Enabled Digital Stethoscope: A Large Cohort Validation.
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Guo L, Pressman GS, Kieu SN, Marrus SB, Mathew G, Prince J, Lastowski E, McDonough RV, Currie C, Maidens JN, Al-Sudani H, Friend E, Padmanabhan D, Kumar P, Kersh E, Venkatraman S, and Qamruddin S
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Background: Asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ALVSD) affects 7 million globally, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment, high mortality, and substantial downstream health care costs. Current detection methods for ALVSD are inadequate, necessitating the development of improved diagnostic tools. Recently, electrocardiogram-based algorithms have shown promise in detecting ALVSD., Objectives: The authors developed and validated a convolutional neural network (CNN) model using single-lead electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram inputs captured by a digital stethoscope to assess its utility in detecting individuals with actionably low ejection fractions (EF) in a large cohort of patients., Methods: 2,960 adults undergoing echocardiography from 4 U.S. health care networks were enrolled in this multicenter observational study. Patient data were captured using a digital stethoscope, and echocardiograms were performed within 1 week of data collection. The algorithm's performance was compared against echocardiographic EF (EF measurements, categorizing EF as normal and mildly reduced [>40%] or moderate and severely reduced [≤40%])., Results: The CNN model demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85, with a sensitivity of 77.5%, specificity of 78.3%, positive predictive value of 20.3%, and negative predictive value of 98.0%. Among those with an abnormal artificial intelligence screen but EF >40% (false positives), 25% had an EF between 41%-49% and 63% had conduction/rhythm abnormalities. Subgroup analyses indicated consistent performance across various demographics and comorbidities., Conclusions: The CNN model, utilizing a digital stethoscope, offers a noninvasive and scalable method for early detection of individuals with EF ≤40%. This technology has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of heart failure, thereby improving patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Funding support and author disclosures Authors Guo, Kieu, Mathew, Prince, Lastowski, McDonough, Currie, Maidens, and Venkatraman are affiliated with Eko Health, Inc that develops digital stethoscopes, software, and algorithms to detect cardiovascular and pulmonary disease; hold company equity; and were responsible for algorithm development, collated data analysis, and codrafting of the manuscript. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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28. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Acute Stent Thrombosis as the Initial Presentation of Essential Thrombocythemia.
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Teeri S, Alashqar R, Al-Otaibi M, Kim S, and Samtani S
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This paper presents a patient with acute coronary syndrome and 100% mid-left anterior descending artery occlusion, complicated by acute stent thrombosis. Subsequent work-up revealed essential thrombocythemia. This case highlights the increased risk of acute coronary syndrome and stent thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary management., Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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29. Broadening the definition of patient-safety events: lessons from a multicentre learning health system collaborative.
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Huddleston JM, Whitford D, Yaszemski AK, Schrieber MP, and Pollak E
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- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Canada, United States, Male, Female, Cohort Studies, Medical Errors statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Quality Improvement, Patient Safety statistics & numerical data, Patient Safety standards, Learning Health System statistics & numerical data, Learning Health System methods
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Background: Improving safety in healthcare has been paramount for decades, yet despite major attention and investment, improvement has remained incremental. Patient safety is a major concern in US healthcare, leading to significant harm and economic losses annually. Accurately identifying safety events remains difficult due to methodological discrepancies and lack of standardisation. This study evaluated the feasibility of implementing a standardised case-review methodology and safety-event taxonomy across diverse hospital settings to assess opportunities for improvement (OFIs) and compare findings with traditional definitions., Methods: This multicentre retrospective cohort study reports data from 103 hospitals across the USA and Canada between 2016 and 2023. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to test case reviews for differences in the presence of one or more OFIs across several hospital types (bed size, academic status, urban setting, trauma level and Centres for Medicare and Medicaid Services overall star rating) and patient characteristics (age, gender, length of stay, admission and discharge code status and mortality)., Results: 19 181 cases were reviewed across the Learning Health System Collaborative, with a median of 107 reviews per hospital. Mortality was the most common cohort selection, studied by 91 hospitals (88%). At least one OFI was identified in 12 714 cases (66.3%). The logistic regression analysis found that all hospital characteristics and patient age, length of stay, code status and discharge disposition were significantly associated with at least one OFI. Of the 46 444 OFIs identified, 41 439 (89%) were from categories focused on omissions of care. The categories of end-of-life, documentation and treatment/care alone accounted for 25 980 OFIs (56%)., Conclusion: The highest volumes of safety-related OFIs were associated with omissions of care, as opposed to the traditional definition of patient safety, which primarily includes outcomes from acts of commission., Competing Interests: Competing interests: All authors have completed the Unified Competing Interest form at http://www.icmje.org/coidisclosure.pdf and submitted herewith and declare: we have received support from HB Healthcare Safety, SBC, which has an interest in the submitted work, but no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. All authors performed this work either as employees of HB Healthcare Safety, SBC or as a part of the LHSC described in this study., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)
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30. Adverse events and failure modes related to Impella CP: Insights from the FDA MAUDE database.
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Chitturi KR, Wallace R, Chaturvedi A, Merdler I, Khalid N, Case BC, Hashim HD, Ben-Dor I, Rogers T, and Waksman R
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Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Brian C. Case, MD reports a relationship with Asahi Intecc USA Incorporation that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Brian C. Case, MD reports a relationship with ACIST HDi that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Brian C. Case, MD reports a relationship with ZOLL Medical Corporation that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Brian C. Case, MD reports a relationship with Philips that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Hayder D. Hashim, MD reports a relationship with Abbott Vascular Inc. that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, funding grants, and speaking and lecture fees. Hayder D. Hashim, MD reports a relationship with Boston Scientific Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Hayder D. Hashim, MD reports a relationship with Philips that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Hayder D. Hashim, MD reports a relationship with Medtronic that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Hayder D. Hashim, MD reports a relationship with Terumo that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Hayder D. Hashim, MD reports a relationship with Chiesi USA that includes: funding grants. Hayder D. Hashim, MD reports a relationship with Shockwave Medical/J&J that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Toby Rogers, MD, PhD reports a relationship with Edwards Lifesciences Corporation that includes: consulting or advisory. Toby Rogers, MD, PhD reports a relationship with Medtronic that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Toby Rogers, MD, PhD reports a relationship with Boston Scientific Corporation that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Toby Rogers, MD, PhD reports a relationship with Abbott that includes: consulting or advisory. Toby Rogers, MD, PhD reports a relationship with Anteris Technologies Ltd. that includes: consulting or advisory. Toby Rogers, MD, PhD reports a relationship with Transmural Systems that includes: consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with Abbott Vascular Inc. that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with Boston Scientific Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and funding grants. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with Medtronic that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and funding grants. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with Philips that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and funding grants. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with Pi-Cardia Ltd. that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with BIOTRONIK Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory and funding grants. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with Transmural Systems that includes: consulting or advisory and equity or stocks. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with AstraZeneca PLC that includes: funding grants and speaking and lecture fees. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with Chiesi that includes: funding grants. Ron Waksman, MD reports a relationship with Medalliance Medical Health Services that includes: equity or stocks. Ron Waksman, MD is the editor-in-chief of Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine. Itsik Ben-Dor, Brian C. Case, Toby Rogers, Hayder D. Hashim, and Nauman Khalid all serve on the editorial board of Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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31. Placental quantitative susceptibility mapping and T2* characteristics for predicting birth weight in healthy and high-risk pregnancies.
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Pishghadam M, Haizler-Cohen L, Ngwa JS, Yao W, Kapse K, Iqbal SN, Limperopoulos C, and Andescavage NN
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- Humans, Pregnancy, Female, Adult, Fetal Growth Retardation diagnostic imaging, Case-Control Studies, Infant, Newborn, Placenta diagnostic imaging, Birth Weight, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Pregnancy, High-Risk
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Background: The human placenta is critical in supporting fetal development, and placental dysfunction may compromise maternal-fetal health. Early detection of placental dysfunction remains challenging due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. This study compares placental quantitative susceptibility mapping and T2* values between healthy and high-risk pregnancies and investigates their association with maternal and fetal parameters and their ability to predict birth weight (BW)., Methods: A total of 105 pregnant individuals were included: 68 healthy controls and 37 high-risk due to fetal growth restriction (FGR), chronic or gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia. Placental magnetic resonance imaging data were collected using a three-dimensional multi-echo radiofrequency-spoiled gradient-echo, and mean susceptibility and T2* values were calculated. To analyze associations and estimate BW, we employed linear regression and regression forest models., Results: No significant differences were found in susceptibility between high-risk pregnancies and controls (p = 0.928). T2* values were significantly lower in high-risk pregnancies (p = 0.013), particularly in pre-eclampsia and FGR, emerging as a predictor of BW. The regression forest model showed placental T2* as a promising mode for BW estimation., Conclusion: Our findings underscore the potential of mean placental T2* as a more sensitive marker for detecting placental dysfunction in high-risk pregnancies than mean placental susceptibility. Moreover, the high-risk status emerged as a significant predictor of BW. These results call for further research with larger and more diverse populations to validate these findings and enhance prediction models for improved pregnancy management., Relevance Statement: This study highlights the potential of placental T2* magnetic resonance imaging measurements as reliable indicators for detecting placental dysfunction in high-risk pregnancies, aiding in improved prenatal care and birth weight prediction., Key Points: Placental dysfunction in high-risk pregnancies is evaluated using MRI T2* values. Lower T2* values significantly correlate with pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. T2* MRI may predict birth weight, enhancing prenatal care outcomes., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained (Children’s National Medical Center Institutional Review Board, Protocol 11077, Approved 8/25/2018). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects or patients in this study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: All authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)
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32. Post-Stent Vein Lumen Shape and Clinical Response in Patients Treated for Iliofemoral Venous Occlusive Disease.
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Gagne P, Kuku KO, Mendes R, Griggs A, Segbefia E, Hofmann LV, Comerota A, and Garcia-Garcia HM
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Objective: Interventionalists have noted significant venous luminal gain with nitinol venous stents although post-placement lumen shape differed from the circular shape observed with elgiloy stents. The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics of a stented vein lumen that correspond with clinical outcomes, and to identify metrics that might be relevant for stent design by assessing aspect ratio (AR), lumen diameter (LD), lumen area (LA), and stent shape (symmetry and eccentricity) post-implant., Methods: This post-hoc analysis evaluated patients from the VIVO US Study (NCT01970007) with pre- and post-stent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. Patient characteristics, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and Venous Disability Score (VDS) were collected in the study. LD, LA, and stent geometry were measured by the core laboratory. Data were analyzed for linear association between core-laboratory assessed pre and post stent LD, LA, AR, stent eccentricity and symmetry index, and VCSS and VDS change., Results: IVUS imaging was available for 29 patients (2 sites) enrolled in the VIVO US Study (55.2% women; mean age: 59.8 ± 17 years). The cohort had post-thrombotic (48.3%), nonthrombotic iliac vein lesion (44.8%) or acute deep vein thrombotic (6.9%) disease. Mean lesion length was 111.8 ± 60.9 mm. Eleven stents extended below the inguinal ligament. Median minimum LD and LA significantly increased after stent placement ( P < 0.001); median lumen AR changed from 2.0 pre-stent to 1.4 post-stent ( P < 0.001). Mean VCSS improved from baseline to 12 months (7.6 ± 4.3 to 3.7 ± 2.6). No statistically significant linear relationships were identified between VCSS / VDS change and a specific characteristic of LA, LD, or AR., Conclusions: Measures of lumen change pre and post iliofemoral vein nitinol stent placement reflect disease and stent characteristics. After stent placement, minimum LD and LA increased and AR decreased. Stented lumen shape or size with Zilver Vena did not impact 1-year clinical improvement by VCSS., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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33. Providers' Barriers to Buprenorphine Prescribing for Cancer-Related Pain.
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AuBuchon KE, Boanca KM, Muthineni N, Emenyonu MA, Arem H, and McElreath K
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Background: Full-agonist opioids are standard for treating cancer-related pain. However partial-agonist opioids (e.g., buprenorphine) are promising treatments with fewer side effects and a stronger safety profile. However, it is unclear how oncology and palliative care providers (Medical Doctors, Advanced Practice Providers, etc.) perceive prescribing of buprenorphine for cancer-related pain., Methods: Participants (N = 42; 50% oncology) at a single healthcare system with multiple hospitals completed a one-time web-delivered survey assessing reported opioid prescribing patterns and barriers to buprenorphine prescribing for cancer-related pain. Independent samples t- and chi-square tests compared palliative and oncology providers' opioid prescribing and barriers to buprenorphine use; we examined how barriers related to intentions to prescribe buprenorphine with correlations., Results: Most participants reported awareness of buprenorphine for cancer-related pain (81%), and that buprenorphine is effective for treating cancer-related pain (80%), but few reported prescribing it (oncology 0%; palliative 5%). Oncology providers reported lack of knowledge about buprenorphine prescribing. Palliative care providers reported opioid stigma (61.7%) and patients' difficulty obtaining buprenorphine (47.6%) were barriers. Prescribing participants' future intentions to prescribe buprenorphine for cancer-related pain was significantly associated with endorsement that buprenorphine is as effective as (r = .53, P = .005), and that it causes fewer side-effects relative to (r = .59, P < .001) other opioids., Discussion: Our study identified knowledge gaps in cancer care teams about buprenorphine for cancer-related pain. Future research should consider education for oncology teams on buprenorphine, and how oncology and palliative care teams can benefit from working together to reduce stigma when communicating with patients about buprenorphine., (Copyright © 2025 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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34. Fundamentals of telehealth: A learning compendium for residents.
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Wang L, Chandra S, Nash CJ, Fabiano AT, Hou PC, Whitehead DC, Kolkin A, Tomovic M, and Hayden EM
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Background: Telehealth is an integral part of modern care delivery. Accordingly, accrediting bodies have recognized the importance of telehealth in trainee education. In 2021, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) published a report identifying telehealth learner core competencies in six domains: patient safety and appropriate use, access and equity, communication, data collection and assessment, ethical practices and legal requirements, and technology for telehealth. We present here a Fundamentals of Telehealth Resource Compendium for residents that fulfills these competencies., Methods: The compendium was curated by a group of telehealth subject matter experts from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Telehealth Interest Group, through a structured iterative process. Authors performed a literature review for open-source telehealth educational resources. Each resource was rated for quality by two reviewers using the rMETRIQ score (Revised Medical Education Translational Resources: Impact and Quality). Resources with the highest composite rMETRIQ reviewer score were included in the final collection., Results: Scores for resources ranged from 2 to 21 (with a maximum possible rMETRIQ score of 21). Of 201 resources reviewed and rated, 57 were included in the final collection. A Fundamentals of Telehealth section was added as an introduction (five resources)-these resources did not undergo the rMETRIQ scoring process., Conclusions: This telehealth compendium is a resource from which residency programs can further tailor site-specific training. Alternatively, an individual can use this compendium as a self-study tool to gain a basic understanding of telehealth and its intersection with emergency medicine. Note that while this compendium is designed for the resident-level learner, it is easily adaptable to a learner of any level, as many underlying concepts remain the same., Competing Interests: PH owns stock in a company (iDoc Telehealth Solutions) that produces a product relevant to the subject material. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2025 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.)
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35. Social risk factors screening preferences among breast and prostate cancer survivors: A qualitative study.
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Schubel LC, Rivera Rivera J, Pratt-Chapman ML, Astorino J, Taylor T, Littlejohn R, Smith JL, Sabatino SA, White A, O Buckley B, King C, Mandelblatt J, Gallagher C, and Arem H
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Objectives: This project aimed to understand the experiences and preferences for social risk factor screening among racially, ethnically, and linguistically diverse cancer survivors in the Washington, DC, region., Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with English, Spanish, and Amharic-speaking breast and prostate cancer survivors. Data were inductively coded to identify themes, and differences by race and preferred language were evaluated., Findings: Twenty-two interviews in English ( n = 14), Spanish ( n = 7), and Amharic ( n = 1) among participants who identified as Black ( n = 8), White ( n = 5), Asian ( n = 1), Other ( n = 6), and multiracial ( n = 2) were completed. Participants reported unresolved needs during treatment including transportation, healthful food, mental health care, financial help, and employment assistance. COVID-19 exacerbated many needs. Most participants did not recall discussing needs with oncology teams, but all participants were open to having these conversations., Conclusion(s): This research reveals that cancer survivors might benefit from culturally appropriate strategies that address social needs.
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- 2025
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36. Vulnerable or High-Risk Plaque: A JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging Position Statement.
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Vergallo R, Park SJ, Stone GW, Erlinge D, Porto I, Waksman R, Mintz GS, D'Ascenzo F, Seitun S, Saba L, Vliegenthart R, Alfonso F, Arbab-Zadeh A, Libby P, Di Carli MF, Muller JE, Maurer G, Gropler RJ, Chandrashekhar YS, Braunwald E, Fuster V, and Jang IK
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The concept of high-risk plaque emerged from pathologic and epidemiologic studies 3 decades ago that demonstrated plaque rupture with thrombosis as the predominant mechanism of acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death. Thin-cap fibroatheroma, a plaque with a large lipidic core covered by a thin fibrous cap, is the prototype of the rupture-prone plaque and has been traditionally defined as "vulnerable plaque." Although knowledge on the pathophysiology of plaque instability continues to grow, the risk profile of our patients has shifted and the character of atherosclerotic disease has evolved, partly because of widespread use of lipid-lowering therapies and other preventive measures. In vivo intracoronary imaging studies indicate that superficial erosion causes up to 40% of acute coronary syndromes. This changing landscape calls for broader perspective, expanding the concept of high-risk plaque to the precursors of all major substrates of coronary thrombosis beyond plaque rupture. Other factors to take into consideration include dynamic changes in plaque composition, the importance of plaque burden, inflammatory activation (both local and systemic), healing mechanisms, regional hemodynamic pattern, properties of the fluid phase of blood, and the amount of myocardium at risk subtended by a lesion. Rather than the traditional focus limited to the thin-cap fibroatheroma, the authors advocate a more comprehensive approach that considers both morphologic features and biological activity of plaques and blood. This position paper highlights the challenges to the usual concept of high-risk plaque, proposes a broader definition, and analyzes its key morphologic features, the technological progress of plaque imaging (particularly using intracoronary imaging techniques), advances in pharmacologic therapies for plaque regression and stabilization, and the feasibility and efficacy of focal interventional treatments including preemptive plaque sealing., Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures Dr Vergallo has received consulting or lecturing fees from Abbott Vascular, Abiomed, Amgen, Daiichi-Sankyo, Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Novartis, and Philips. Dr Stone has received speaker honoraria from Medtronic, Pulnovo, Infraredx, Abiomed, Amgen, and Boehringer Ingelheim; is a consultant to Abbott, Daiichi-Sankyo, Ablative Solutions, CorFlow, Cardiomech, Robocath, Miracor, Vectorious, Abiomed, Valfix, Apollo Therapeutics, Elucid Bio, Cardiac Success, TherOx, HeartFlow, Neovasc, Ancora, Occlutech, Impulse Dynamics, Adona Medical, Millennia Biopharma, Oxitope, HighLife, Elixir, Remote Cardiac Enablement, and Aria; and has equity or options in Cardiac Success, Ancora, Cagent, Applied Therapeutics, the Biostar family of funds, SpectraWAVE, Orchestra Biomed, Aria, Valfix, and Xenter. Dr Stone’s employer, Mount Sinai Hospital, has received research grants from Shockwave Medical, Abbott, Abiomed, Bioventrix, Cardiovascular Systems, Phillips, Biosense Webster, Vascular Dynamics, Pulnovo, V-Wave and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (via Weill Cornell Medical Center). Dr Erlinge has received consulting and speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Novartis, Amgen, Chiesi, and Sanofi. Dr Porto has received consultant or speaker fees from Medtronic, Siemens, GE, Abiomed, Philips, Sanofi, Amgen, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Bayer, and PIAM. Dr Waksman is an advisory board member or a consultant for Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Philips Volcano, Biotronik, Terumo, and Cordis; has received grant support from Abbott Vascular, Biotronik, Chiesi, Philips Volcano, and Medtronic; and has equity in MedAlliance/Cordis, Pi-Cardia, and Append Medical. Dr Mintz has received honoraria from Boston Scientific, Abbott, and SpectraWAVE. Dr Vliegenthart has received institutional research grants from Siemens Healthineers; and has received honoraria for lectures and moderatorships from Siemens Healthineers and Bayer Healthcare. Dr Muller is a cofounder and shareholder of SpectraWAVE. Dr Zadeh has received grant support from Canon. Dr Libby is an unpaid consultant to or is involved in clinical trials for Amgen, the Baim Institute, Beren Therapeutics, Esperion Therapeutics, Genentech, Kancera, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, and Sanofi-Regeneron; is a member of scientific advisory boards for Amgen, Caristo Diagnostics, CSL Behring, DalCor Pharmaceuticals, Dewpoint Therapeutics, Elucid Bioimaging, Kancera, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Olatec Therapeutics, Medimmune, Novartis, PlaqueTec, Polygon Therapeutics, TenSixteen Bio, Soley Thereapeutics, and XBiotech; is on the board of directors of XBiotech; has a financial interest in XBiotech (a company developing therapeutic human antibodies), TenSixteen Bio (a company targeting somatic mosaicism and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential to discover and develop novel therapeutics to treat age-related diseases), and Soley Therapeutics (a biotechnology company that is combining artificial intelligence with molecular and cellular response detection for discovering and developing new drugs, currently focusing on cancer therapeutics) (these interests were reviewed and are managed by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Mass General Brigham in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies); and receives funding support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grants 1R01HL134892, 1R01HL163099-01, R01AG063839, R01HL151627, R01HL157073, and R01HL166538), the RRM Charitable Fund, and the Simard Fund. Dr Libby’s laboratory has received research funding in the past 2 years from Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Genentech. Dr Jang’s has been supported by Mrs Gillian Gray through the Allan Gray Fellowship Fund in Cardiology and by Mukesh and Priti Chatter through the Chatter Foundation; and has received an educational grant from Abbott Vascular. Dr Braunwald has received research grants through his institution from AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Merck, and Novartis; and is a consultant for Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardurion, Edgewise, and Verve. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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37. Prospective randomized single-blind multicenter study to assess the safety and effectiveness of the SELUTION SLR 014 drug eluting balloon in the treatment of subjects with in-stent restenosis: Rationale and design.
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Cutlip DE, Mehran R, Doros G, Kaplinskiy V, Lee J, Zheng L, Kausik M, Osborn E, and Waksman R
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Background: Repeat drug-eluting stenting is superior to balloon angioplasty for prevention of recurrent in-stent restenosis (ISR), but carries a potential disadvantage of multiple layers of stent. The safety and effectiveness of a sirolimus drug-eluting balloon as an alternative has not been assessed., Study Design and Methods: The SELUTION4ISR trial is a prospective, multicenter, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 418 subjects with bare metal or drug-eluting stent (DES) ISR with up to 2 previous stent procedures at the target lesion, lesion length <26 mm and reference diameter ≥2.0 mm - ≤4.5 mm will be randomized 1:1 to treatment with either the SELUTION SLR™ DEB (SLR DEB) or standard of care (SOC), which includes either repeat DES or balloon angioplasty without drug coating. A subset of subjects will undergo planned angiographic and optical coherence tomography follow-up. The primary endpoint will be target lesion failure, defined as cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or clinically-driven target lesion revascularization at 12 months follow-up. The study will sequentially assess noninferiority of the SLR DEB to SOC in the overall cohort, followed by noninferiority then superiority of the SLR DEB to DES in the cohort with only 1 previous stent at the target lesion., Trial Registration: The trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04280029)., Current Status: The trial completed enrollment in July 2024., Conclusion: The SELUTION4ISR study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of SLR DEB in a prospective, randomized, international, multicenter trial for treatment of coronary ISR., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Donald Cutlip: Research support paid to institution: MedAlliance. Roxana Mehran: Dr. Mehran reports institutional research payments from: Abbott, Alleviant Medical, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Concept Medical, CPC Clinical Research, Cordis, Elixir Medical, Faraday Pharmaceuticals, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, MedAlliance, Mediasphere Medical, Medtronic, Novartis, Protembis GmbH, RM Global Bioaccess Fund Management, Sanofi US Services, Inc. ; Personal fees from: Elixir Medical, IQVIA, Medtronic, Medscape/WebMD Global, NovoNordisk ; Equity <1%: Elixir Medical, Stel, ControlRad (spouse). Eric Osborn: Research grants from the National Institutes of Health (R43HL167290) and (R43HL158342) NuPulse CV; Sponsored research with OpSens, Philips, and Zoll Circulation; Consulting fees: Abiomed, Gentuity, NuPulse CV, OpSens, and Philips; Scientific advisory board member for Dyad Medical. Equity: Dyad Medical Ron Waksman, MD: Advisory Board: Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Philips IGT, Pi-Cardia Ltd.; Consultant: Abbott Vascular, Append Medical, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Cordis, Medtronic, Philips IGT, Pi-Cardia Ltd., Transmural Systems Inc.; Institutional Grant Support: Biotronik, Medtronic, Philips IGT; Investor: Append Medical, Pi-Cardia Ltd., Transmural Systems Inc. Drs. Doros, Kaplinsky, Lee, Zheng, and Kaushik have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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38. PURE Evidence in Plain Sight: The Highs, Lows, and Gaps in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention.
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Chaturvedi A and Prabhakaran D
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Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
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39. Device Approval in the United States: The FDA Is on Target.
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Waksman R
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Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures Dr Waksman has served on the advisory board for Philips IGT; served as a consultant for Abbott Vascular, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Cordis, Philips IGT, Pi-Cardia, and Transmural Systems; and has received grant support from Amgen, Chiesi, Medtronic, and Philips IGT.
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40. Betamethasone dosing interval at 12 or 24 h apart: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Said MR, Zullo F, Gulersen M, and Berghella V
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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of administering 24 mg of betamethasone in two doses (12 mg each) at 12-hour versus 24-hour intervals in patients at risk of preterm delivery., Data Sources: A search was conducted in Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to February 22, 2023. Search terms included "Betamethasone," "Preterm delivery," "Respiratory distress," "Dosing interval," and related keywords. No language or geographic restrictions were applied., Study Eligibility Criteria: Randomized controlled trials of pregnant women at risk for preterm delivery between 23 and 34 weeks of gestation, randomized to receive 24 mg of betamethasone in two doses, either 12 or 24 h apart., Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: The primary outcome was the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, with secondary outcomes including adverse maternal and neonatal events. Summary measures were reported as relative risk with 95% confidence intervals., Results: Two randomized controlled trials (429 patients) were included. The rate of RDS was lower in the 12-hour dosing group (34.3 % vs. 45.7 %; RR 0.76, 95 % CI 0.46-1.25), but the difference was not statistically significant. Significant reductions in NICU admissions, surfactant use, and an increase in birthweight were observed in the 12-hour group. No significant differences were found for perinatal mortality, neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, chorioamnionitis, or maternal fever > 100°F., Conclusions: The 12-hour betamethasone dosing regimen showed benefits in reducing NICU admissions and surfactant use. Further studies are needed to confirm its advantages for other outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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41. Can Variation in Costs for Cardiovascular Procedures Be Attributed to Inefficiency in Care Delivery? Challenges in Causality, Data Availability, and the Need for Price Transparency.
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Nosair W, Mongraw-Chaffin M, and Weintraub WS
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Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest.
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42. Acinetobacter baumannii Complex Infections: New Treatment Options in the Antibiotic Pipeline.
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Arshad N, Azzam W, Zilberberg MD, and Shorr AF
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Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ABC) can result in a panoply of severe syndromes, including pneumonia and septic shock. Options available for treating infections caused by ABC and, more importantly, by carbapenem-resistant ABC (CRAB) are limited because of the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, many older agents, such as polymyxin and colistin, have limited lung penetration and are associated with significant toxicities. These factors underscore the urgent need for new paradigms to address ABC and CRAB. Two agents, cefiderocol and sulbactam-durlobactam, are now available to treat CRAB infections. In addition, several anti-infectives that target CRAB are in later-stage clinical trials. In order to place these newer molecules in context and to help clinicians appreciate the emerging potential drug development pipeline, we describe the in vitro activity, mechanisms of action, and clinical trial data not only for the commercially now available alternatives, such as cefiderocol and sulbactam-durlobactam, but also review these topics for molecules undergoing phase II and III clinical trials. Specifically, we discuss and analyze data related to four novel drugs from ABC: BV-100, cefepime-zidebactam, zosurabalpin, and OMN6.
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43. ACMT Position Statement: Sterile Solution Shortage.
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Mazer-Amirshahi M, Fox ER, and Stolbach A
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Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
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44. Lack of Racial Disparities in Cangrelor Therapy in Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
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Abusnina W, Chitturi KR, Chaturvedi A, Lupu L, Haberman D, Cellamare M, Sawant V, Zhang C, Ben-Dor I, Satler LF, Hashim HD, Case BC, and Waksman R
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Background: Cangrelor is an intravenous P2Y12 receptor antagonist that exerts rapid and potent antiplatelet effects. It is associated with a reduction in the indcidence of ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Aims: The aim of our study was to investigate the racial disparities and their impact on outcomes among patients with ACS who were treated with cangrelor during PCI., Methods: We reviewed the data of patients with ACS who were treated with cangrelor during PCI at our center from 2018 to 2023 and divided between African American (AA) and Caucasian patients. The primary safety outcome was in-hospital thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major bleeding. The primary efficacy outcome was in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, MI, or stroke. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the primary outcomes after controlling for differences in baseline characteristics., Results: The study included 1181 patients who received cangrelor during PCI for ACS, including 616 AA and 565 Caucasian patients. AA patients were significantly younger (61 ± 13 vs. 64 ± 12 years; p < 0.001) and had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. There were no significant differences between AA and Caucasian patients regarding in-hospital TIMI major bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16-1.88; p = 0.343) and in-hospital MACE (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 0.71-4.69; p = 0.212) after controlling for relevant baseline differences., Conclusion: No racial disparities were observed with regard to the administration of cangrelor during PCI in patients presenting with ACS, and cangrelor was not associated with increased bleeding for AA patients as compared to Caucasian patients., (© 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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45. Fractionated robotic radiosurgery for unfavorable nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma: 5-year outcomes from a single institution protocol.
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Bhatnagar A, Marin MP, Lischalk JW, Koh MJ, Agazzi S, Suy S, Harris BT, Sharma ST, Aulisi E, Anaizi A, Khattab MH, Jean WC, Collins SP, and Collins BT
- Abstract
Objective: Nonfunctioning macroadenoma is a commonly diagnosed pituitary tumor. Resection is the favored treatment, with radiosurgery often utilized for residual or progressing disease. Long-term outcomes are established in the literature for single-fraction frame-based radiosurgery, but mature outcomes are lacking for fractionated frameless radiosurgery. We report our institution's 5-year efficacy and toxicity results for unfavorable nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma patients treated with 5-fraction robotic radiosurgery., Methods: Between 2010 and 2020, patients who completed 5-fraction robotic radiosurgery for the treatment of unfavorable nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas were included. A tumor was considered unfavorable if the gross tumor volume (GTV) was larger than 5 cc or if it closely approached a critical structure (optic apparatus, brainstem, or pituitary gland). Local control was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method., Results: Twenty predominantly female patients (60%), ages 21-77 (median: 53 years), were included in this study. All underwent primary resection at the time of diagnosis. The indication for radiosurgery was tumor progression ( n = 14, 70%) or residual tumor after subtotal resection ( n = 6, 30%). Eighty-five percent of patients treated with radiosurgery ( n = 17) had cavernous sinus involvement. Median GTV was 3.4 cm
3 (range: 0.3-20.8 cm3 ), and 40% of the tumors had suprasellar extension. A mean dose of 28.8 Gy (range: 25-30 Gy) was delivered to a median isodose line of 80% (range: 75%-89%). The median optic chiasm maximum point dose was 21.8 Gy (range: 12.0-25.0 Gy). Acute toxicity was minimal with eight patients (40%) developing short-lived headaches and one patient (5%) developing a brief ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy. There was no late radiation-induced neurologic or optic dysfunction identified in this cohort. At a median follow-up of 5 years, local control was 94%. There was one in-field failure pathologically confirmed following surgery for pituitary hemorrhage and two radiographically confirmed out-of-field failures in patients with larger tumors (>20 cc)., Conclusions: The treatment of unfavorable nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma with 5-fraction robotic radiosurgery provides excellent local control to date, with acceptable toxicity. However, tumors with GTVs greater than 20 cc may still require conventionally fractionated treatment with a margin to optimize local control., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Bhatnagar, Marin, Lischalk, Koh, Agazzi, Suy, Harris, Sharma, Aulisi, Anaizi, Khattab, Jean, Collins and Collins.)- Published
- 2025
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46. Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in the Cervical Spine: Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Management.
- Author
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Bellaire CP, Paulson AE, Ani CF, Benn L, Carroll AH, and Mesfin A
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- Humans, Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament therapy, Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament complications, Cervical Vertebrae diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
» Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a hyperostotic condition that results in ectopic bone formation and calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.» OPLL can present in any race/ethnicity but historically has been reported in the East Asian population.» OPLL predisposes patients to spinal cord injury in the setting of minor trauma.» Asymptomatic patients typically can be managed nonoperatively. Surgical treatment is reserved for patients presenting with myelopathy and worsening radiculopathy that has not responded to conservative treatment.» The decision to use anterior, posterior, or combined anterior-posterior approaches should be an individualized decision that considers the degree of OPLL pathology, K-line imaging findings, and other patient-specific risk factors., Competing Interests: Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (http://links.lww.com/JBJSREV/B184)., (Copyright © 2025 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Incorporated.)
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- 2025
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47. Epicardial Fat Tissue: A Potential Marker for Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.
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Abusnina W, Merdler I, Cellamare M, Chitturi KR, Chaturvedi A, Feuerstein IM, Zhang C, Ozturk ST, Deksissa T, Sawant V, Lopez K, Lupu L, Haberman D, Ben-Dor I, Satler LF, Waksman R, Hashim HD, and Case BC
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Aged, Coronary Circulation physiology, Coronary Vessels diagnostic imaging, Coronary Vessels physiopathology, Microvessels diagnostic imaging, Microvessels physiopathology, Coronary Angiography, Risk Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Pericardium diagnostic imaging, Pericardium physiopathology, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Adipose Tissue physiopathology, Coronary Artery Disease physiopathology, Coronary Artery Disease diagnosis, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Registries, Microcirculation physiology
- Abstract
Background: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), which mimics symptoms of obstructive coronary artery disease, has significant prognostic implications. While epicardial adipose tissue normally has a protective role, increased epicardial adipose tissue is associated with inflammation and may contribute to CMD. However, a direct correlation remains unclear. We aimed to investigate this association., Methods and Results: The CMDR (Coronary Microvascular Disease Registry) is a prospective, 2-center registry that is enrolling patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease who underwent invasive hemodynamic assessment of the coronary microvasculature. Patients with chest computed tomography within 1 year of CMD evaluation were included. We measured epicardial fat volume (EFV) and calculated the EFV index. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between EFV and EFV index to CMD. Our study included 130 CMDR patients with associated chest CT; 35 were diagnosed with CMD. The CMD-negative patients were younger than the CMD-positive patients (58.52±11.97 versus 63.37±9.56 years; P =0.033), with numerically fewer women (64.2% versus 74.3%; P =0.279). Univariate regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between EFV index and CMD diagnosis (odds ratio, 1.037 [95% CI, 1.014-1.063]; P =0.003), while no significance was observed for EFV (odds ratio, 1.006 [95% CI, 0.995-1.017]; P =0.292)., Conclusions: Our results suggest a strong association between EFV index (a significant risk factor) and the presence of CMD. Future studies involving larger cohorts are needed to confirm the association of epicardial adipose tissue with CMD and investigate therapeutic targets to prevent CMD., Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT05960474.
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- 2025
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48. Functional coronary microvascular dysfunction among patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Chitturi KR, Kumar S, Frisancho FT, Rahman S, Cellamare M, Merdler I, Ben-Dor I, Waksman R, Hashim HD, and Case BC
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Kalyan R. Chitturi reports a relationship with Glass Health Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Brian C. Case reports a relationship with ZOLL Medical Corporation that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Brian C. Case reports a relationship with Asahi Intecc USA Inc. that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Hayder D. Hashim reports a relationship with Abbott Vascular Inc. that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Hayder D. Hashim reports a relationship with Boston Scientific Corporation that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Hayder D. Hashim reports a relationship with Philips North America LLC that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and speaking and lecture fees. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with Abbott Vascular Inc. that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with Boston Scientific Corporation that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with Medtronic that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and funding grants. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with Philips that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and funding grants. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with Pi-Cardia Ltd. that includes: board membership and consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with Append Medical that includes: consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with BIOTRONIK Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory and funding grants. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with JC Medical that includes: consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with Medalliance Medical Health Services that includes: consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with Swiss Interventional that includes: consulting or advisory. Ron Waksman reports a relationship with Transmural Systems that includes: consulting or advisory and equity or stocks. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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- 2025
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49. Coronary microvascular dysfunction endotypes: IMR tips and tricks.
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Verma BR, Galo J, Chitturi KR, Chaturvedi A, Hashim HD, and Case BC
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- Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Coronary Artery Disease physiopathology, Coronary Artery Disease diagnosis, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Microcirculation, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Vessels physiopathology, Coronary Vessels diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important clinical disease spectrum which has gained widespread attention due to chronic anginal symptoms, and worse clinical outcomes, with or without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary microcirculatory dysfunction is due to a wide array of mechanisms such as inflammation, platelet aggregation, vessel wall collagen deposition, imbalance of nitric oxide, free radicals, and sympathetic/parasympathetic simulation. As noted in this supplement, CMD can occur as a primary disease or co-exist with multi-array of diverse cardiac conditions such as CAD (old infarct), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, hypertension, or infiltrative diseases. CMD, which is often under diagnosed, leads to increase in medical expenses, decrease in quality of life, exacerbation of underlying conditions such as heart failure and even increased mortality. CMD presents a challenge for patients as well as physicians to manage. Here, we review CMD and focus on its endotypes, techniques for microcirculatory assessment, associated tips and tricks and available treatment options., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Beni Rai Verma: Consultant, Roche. Kalyan Chitturi: Consultant, Glass Health. Dr. Brian Case: Speaker, Asahi Intecc USA, Zoll Medical, Philips IGT. Dr. Hayder Hashim: Advisory Board, Speaker, Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Philips IGT, and Chiesi USA, Advisory Board Terumo., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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50. Adverse Events and Failure Modes Related to Impella RP/RP Flex: Insights From FDA MAUDE Database.
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Chitturi KR, Wallace R, Lorente-Ros M, Merdler I, Chaturvedi A, Case BC, Hashim HD, Ben-Dor I, Rogers T, and Waksman R
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- Humans, United States, Treatment Outcome, Risk Factors, Heart Failure physiopathology, Heart Failure therapy, Heart Failure diagnosis, Heart Failure mortality, Risk Assessment, Prosthesis Implantation adverse effects, Prosthesis Implantation instrumentation, Prosthesis Implantation mortality, Time Factors, Hemolysis, Hemorrhage etiology, Male, Recovery of Function, Retrospective Studies, Heart-Assist Devices adverse effects, Databases, Factual, United States Food and Drug Administration, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Failure, Ventricular Function, Right
- Abstract
Background: Impella RP and RP Flex can provide right ventricular (RV) support in numerous clinical situations. Notably, the redesigned RP Flex allows for an internal jugular approach compared to the femoral venous approach with RP., Aims: We investigated the type and frequency of device-related complications as reported in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Experience (MAUDE) for both Impella RP and RP Flex to see if there are any differences., Methods: The MAUDE database was accessed from January 1, 2019 to April 30, 2024, yielding 206 reports pertaining to Impella RP and 64 to RP Flex. Reports were reviewed for device indications, mode of device failure, and device-related complications., Results: The most common indication for Impella RP placement was acute myocardial infarction with RV failure. The most commonly reported failure mode was pump failure. Death was reported in 8.5% and vascular complications in 3.7% of the reports. The most reported device-related complication was hemolysis (18.5%), followed by bleeding requiring transfusion (14.1%), with new dialysis occurring in 3.3% of patients., Conclusions: Our analysis of the MAUDE database showed that device delivery issues, bleeding, and vascular complications accounted for a smaller proportion of reports with Impella RP Flex than with its predecessor. However, device-related thrombosis and pump malfunction accounted for a higher proportion of reports with RP Flex. These data do not reflect the overall incidence of complications, but instead highlight the need for physicians and other healthcare providers to return devices to the manufacturer for inspection when a failure occurs., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2025
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