Search

The coronavirus (COVID-19) is considered to be an external factor that affects teachers' attitudes toward online professional development. Therefore, this study investigates the use of virtual communication in an online professional development program through the lens of teachers' attitudes toward technology. This study was conducted in 15 schools across the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A teacher training program called The Ta'alouf Inclusion Special Education, one of the initiatives of the Al Jalila Foundation (AJL), aimed to train teachers, promote inclusion, and support children with special educational needs and disabilities. Participants (teachers, school leaders, learning support assistants, social workers, and department heads) received 24 hours of virtual training sessions on numerous topics related to inclusive education and special educational needs and disabilities. A concurrent mixed-method approach was utilized to collect quantitative data from participants using an online survey and qualitative data using interviews. The study results reveal that the quarantine of COVID-19 did not affect teachers' continued professional development. On the contrary, teachers felt the ease of using technology and the usefulness of the topics mentioned, which formed their positive attitudes toward using technology and led to their engagement and continuation of developing professionally either during or after the pandemic.

The COVID-19 global pandemic has affected the education sector in many ways. Institutions were forced to implement emergency remote teaching and learning as a preventative strategy to reduce the spread of the virus. Special education need and disabled (SEND) students were among those most vulnerable to dropping their studies because of a lack of support. The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the support that was offered to special education need and disabled students at two universities in the United Arab Emirates. The study was conducted as a multiple case study of a federal and a private university in Dubai. We used a qualitative approach and the study's paradigmatic position was interpretive. Sixteen faculty members and support staff were purposely selected to participate in a semistructured interview and complete an open-ended questionnaire. Bronfenbrenner's Social Ecological theory was the theoretical framework for this study, which asserted that as a child grows, they interact with five nested systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. We found that the nature of support offered to students fell into four fundamental nests that helped students' access and succeed in online learning: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. The study concludes that implementing a collaborative working relationship is an indispensable way of enhancing students' access and success in online learning.

Inclusion and equitable education, as articulated by the fourth sustainable development goal and anticipated by 2030 seems hard to attain in a context where teachers' practices are inconsistent with inclusive national policies. In the study reported on here we investigated South African teachers' experiences in implementing the screening, identification, assessment, and support (SIAS) policy in their classrooms. The intersectionality of colliding worldviews and the pedagogy of discomfort were used as conceptual framework. We adopted a qualitative case study within an interpretive paradigm. Twelve teachers were purposively selected from 3 focus group discussions. The results reveal that a disconnect between the inclusive policy and classroom practices occurs because teachers have negative attitudes towards using the document and feel inadequately trained to implement it. We conclude with 3 essential lessons about teachers' disengagement with the policy: (i) teachers are reluctant to complete the SIAS documents because of the added administrative burden and a lack of knowledge about inclusive education; (ii) more experienced teachers influence the worldviews of newly qualified teachers (NQTs); and (iii) inclusive education training conducted by the district-based support team (DBST) is inadequate resulting in a disconnect between practice and pedagogical practices.

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous urine testing for albumin (UAlb) and serum creatinine (SCr), that is, dual testing, is an accepted quality measure in the management of diabetes. As chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by both UAlb and SCr testing, this approach could be more widely adopted in kidney care. OBJECTIVE: We assessed time trends and facility-level variation in the performance of outpatient dual testing in the integrated Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system. DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND MAIN MEASURES: This retrospective cohort study included patients with any inpatient or outpatient visit to the VHA system during the period 2009-2018. Dual testing was defined as UAlb and SCr testing in the outpatient setting within a calendar year. We assessed time trends in dual testing by demographics, comorbidities, high-risk (eg, diabetes) specialty care and facilities. A generalised linear mixed-effects model was applied to explore individual and facility-level predictors of receiving dual testing. KEY RESULTS: We analysed data from approximately 6.9 million veterans per year. Dual testing increased, on average, from 17.4% to 21.2%, but varied substantially among VHA centres (0.3%-43.7% in 2018). Dual testing was strongly associated with diabetes (OR 10.4, 95% CI 10.3 to 10.5, p

This study employs an Afro-centric framework of Digital "Unhu" (i.e. digital humanism) and netnographic accounts of supervisor-supervisee interactions to investigate Mobile Instant Messaging mediated interaction as a platform for honing students' career management competencies. While many existing studies foreground Western epistemological lenses that have limited resonance with resource-constrained African contexts, the Afro-centric Digital "Unhu" framework enabled a more nuanced delineation of student-supervisor interaction as it was enacted in a South African university setting. Findings demonstrated that WhatsApp-mediated interaction, framed within the African ethos of Digital "Unhu," provided a dynamic and highly personal environment in which the supervisor could delicately coach students in various career related processes, namely, the negotiation of competing family and job hunt commitments, career planning, job applications and salary negotiations, resignations, and managing career frustrations. More broadly, the study demonstrates the central role of "Unhu" in negotiating student-supervisor interactions in the unique cultural setting, in tension to a degree with the Western philosophical thinking in which South African higher education is situated. Further, contrary to common characterisations of texting culture as a youth phenomenon, both student and supervisor were able to leverage WhatsApp to achieve career management ends.

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated profound global transformations, and in the Philippines, Emergency Remote Learning (ERT) emerged as a vital response to address the educational needs of students during this crisis. While existing research has extensively examined the challenges faced by parents during ERT, limited attention was devoted to understanding the unique experiences of parents of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and hearing impairments (HI). Using a qualitative descriptive case study within interpretative paradigm, this study aims to fill this gap by exploring the challenges encountered and coping strategies employed by 15 parents in the Philippines who have children with ID and HI. Findings illuminate the multifaceted challenges faced by parents, encompassing their roles as caregivers and facilitators of their children’s education. Moreover, it reveals the support mechanisms available to these parents, while also highlighting the pressing need for additional assistance to better meet the complex needs of these children. The research also identifies the most effective strategies employed by parents to navigate the challenges of remote learning. The results serve as a critical resource for parents, educators, and policymakers, providing a roadmap for enhancing the support system for families with children who have ID and HI, particularly during times of crisis.

Leptospirosis is a bacterium with a worldwide distribution and belongs to the group of zoonoses that can affect both humans and animals. Most cases of leptospirosis present as a mild, anicteric infection. However, a small percentage of cases develop Weil’s disease, characterized by bleeding and elevated levels of bilirubin and liver enzymes. It can also cause inflammation of the gallbladder. Acute acalculous cholecystitis has been described as a manifestation of leptospirosis in a small percentage of cases; however, no association between leptospirosis and acute acalculous cholecystitis has been found in the literature.

Inflammatory cytokines may hold the key to the clinical evolution of psoriasis. The aims of this study are to find a correlation between levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-23, IL-17A, and IL-17F and disease duration and severity scores in psoriasis; to test if the decrease in any of the aforementioned cytokines is correlated with an amelioration in disease severity scores; and to analyze if any of the four biologic agents used are linked with a greater decrease in overall cytokine levels. We enrolled 23 adult patients under treatment with ixekizumab, secukinumab, guselkumab, or adalimumab and measured psoriasis disease severity scores PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index) and DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index), as well as the levels of the aforementioned cytokines at the start of therapy and after 3 months of continuous treatment. Inclusion criteria were the presence of psoriasis, age above 18 years and the need to initiate biological therapy (lack of response to standard treatment). Biological therapies resulted in an amelioration of PASI and DLQI scores, as well as levels of TNF-α, IL-23 and IL-17F. Disease duration and PASI and DLQI scores did not correlate with cytokine levels except DLQI and IL-23 score, in a paradoxically inversely proportional manner. IL-23, in particular, could be a useful biomarker for checking treatment response in psoriasis.

Abdul Gafar Victoir Coulidiaty,1 Saamou Isaac Boni,2 Raogo Ouedraogo,1 Benjamin Kouliga Koama,2 Harouna Soré,3 Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda,2 Téné Marceline Yaméogo,4 Estelle Noëla Hoho Youl1 1Laboratoire de Développement du Médicament, Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Santé (ED2S), Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; 2Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; 3Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; 4Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina FasoCorrespondence: Abdul Gafar Victoir Coulidiaty, Email gafarvictoir@gmail.comBackground: Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). Hochst, popularly known as Morula, is a plant in the Anacardiaceae family. The bark, fruits, and leaves have traditionally been used to manage a variety of health conditions, most especially diabetes. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of data and publications on the toxicity and safety of this plant.Purpose: The current study was designed to assess the acute and chronic toxicity of a hydro-ethanolic extract of Sclerocarya birrea in albino rats.Materials and Methods: Sclerocarya birrea was extracted using an 80– 20% hydro-ethanolic solution. For the acute toxicity study, female Wistar albino rats were treated with hydro-ethanolic leaf extract at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and followed-up for 14 days. In the chronic toxicity study, 40 healthy Wistar albino rats were divided in 4 groups. The three treatment groups were administered the leaf hydro-ethanolic extract orally at dosages of 30, 150, and 1000 mg/kg once day for 90 days and the fourth group was a control group. Body and organs weights, haematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters were measured at the end of the experiment.Results: Single-dose oral administration of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sclerocarya birrea at 5000 mg/kg produced no mortality indicating the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. Following 90 days of administration of a hydro-ethanolic extract of Sclerocarya birrea leaves, there was no significant change in body and organs weights. Furthermore, biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters did not vary significantly.Conclusion: This data indicates neither acute or chronic toxicity in rats and is consistent with the widespread and long-term usage of Sclerocarya birrea in African traditional medicine.Keywords: Sclerocarya birrea, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, diabetes

Background: Acne is a common skin condition that is prevalent in 90% of the adolescent population. Inflammatory lesions of acne may lead to scarring. Various treatment modalities such as subcision, punch excision, chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and fractional lasers have been tried for acne scars but with unsatisfactory results. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to compare the efficacy of microneedling with Jessner’s plus 35% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel versus the efficacy of microneedling with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy for the management of atrophic acne scars. Methods: Sixty patients having atrophic scars due to acne were segregated into two groups each containing 30 patients. On Group A, patients microneedling was performed at weeks 0, 6, and 12 and Jessner’s plus 35% TCA peel was performed at weeks 3, 9, and 15. On Group B, patients microneedling and intradermal PRP were performed sequentially at weeks 0, 3, and 6. Patients were followed at the outset of the procedure and 24 weeks after the procedure using the Echelle d’Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d’acne (ECCA) score. Results: The difference in the mean ECCA score at the outset of the procedure and 24 weeks after the procedure was more in Group B as compared to Group A (47.8 ± 13.6 vs. 39.1 ± 11.4). Conclusion: The efficacy of the combination of microneedling with PRP was higher than the combination of microneedling with Jessner’s plus 35%TCA peel for the treatment of atrophic acne scars.

Background: Research into language and reading scores show that South African learners struggle to read for meaning. Many local researchers report on the inadequate teaching training programmes. Teachers cannot teach basic comprehenion skills. Objectives: This research identifies a gap in the research and records an intervention programme designed to engage learners and develop their higher-order comprehension abilities. This research analyses responses from five learners who engaged in a variety of literacy activities to extend their zones of literacy abilities to become independent critical thinkers. Method: An interpretivist paradigm, within a qualitative approach, using a case study design was devised and implemented. Five struggling Grade 7 learners were purposively selected to participate in a 10-week intervention programme. Data were collected using pre-tests and post-tests and the learners' own exercise books to assess their academic performance in written comprehensions, their daily comments on their motivation charts, information from two interviews and the researchers' participant observation scheduled notes. Results: During the time of the intervention, all five Grade 7 learners gradually learned and began to use higher-order thinking skills. Conclusion: This small research project indicates that when a teacher explicitly planned and used a variety of literacy strategies to teach comprehension skills, not only did the learners enjoy the respectful discussions but this experience developed them into independent higher-order thinkers.

Aim of the study: This study aims to comparatively analyse two chemo-mechanical caries removers, Carisolv and BRIX3000. The study involves physico-chemical characterization of the substances followed by assessing their impact on carious lesions using extracted teeth. Materials and Methods: Carisolv, a caries removal gel, and BRIX3000, a gel from papaya protein, were used in this study. Extracted teeth with carious lesions were maintained in saline solution, treated individually with the respective substances, and examined using optical and spectroscopic techniques. Results and Discussion: FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated characteristic peaks confirming the specific compositions of BRIX3000 and Carisolv. Thermal analysis revealed the degradation behaviours of the compounds, indicating differences in thermal stability. VistaCam technology showed significant reductions in carious lesions post-treatment with both substances, with BRIX3000 exhibiting superior efficacy. Conclusion: The investigation confirmed the effectiveness of Carisolv and BRIX3000 in treating caries lesions, supporting their potential as viable treatment options. Further, BRIX3000 exhibited greater efficacy and distinct behaviour compared to Carisolv, offering insights into their impact on dental structures. However, cytotoxic effects were observed with BRIX3000, warranting further exploration into its safety profile.

Aim of the Study: The study aimed to develop and evaluate two new hot chocolate recipes (P1 – Red Recipe and P2 – Green Recipe) and compare them with a commercial hot chocolate product (P3 – “La Festa”). The focus was on creating recipes that are nutritionally comparable to natural or dietetic products, with reduced sugar and increased dietary fibre content. Materials and Methods: The study employed sensory evaluation methods, specifically the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Sign Rank tests, to assess appearance, consistency, flavour, taste, and smell of the hot chocolate recipes. Additionally, a comprehensive nutritional analysis was conducted to compare the protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fibre, and caloric content of the recipes against the commercial product. Results: The sensory evaluation revealed that Recipe P1 significantly outperformed both Recipe P2 and the commercial product P3 in all tested attributes. Nutritionally, Recipes P1 and P2 were similar, both showing lower sugar and higher fibre content than typical market products. However, no significant sensory differences were noted between Recipe P2 and the commercial hot chocolate P3. Conclusions: The study concludes that Recipe P1 is superior in sensory qualities with a favourable nutritional profile, making it an appealing option for health-conscious consumers. Recipe P2, while nutritionally akin to P1, shares more sensory similarities with traditional hot chocolate, offering a healthier alternative without sacrificing familiar flavours. This research underscores the feasibility of creating healthier versions of popular beverages without compromising taste and sensory appeal.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) diagnosis often experience high levels of internalized stigma, where they internalize negative societal views about mental illness. This can profoundly impact their quality of life (QOL), help-seeking behavior, adherence to treatment, increased disability, and increase the economic burden. This study was taken up to determine and compare internalized stigma in remitted patients of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and correlate the association between internalized stigma and QOL. Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative hospital-based study with a sample size of 100 (48 patients of schizophrenia and 52 patients of bipolar disorder in remission) was taken for the study as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria. Basic demographic data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Remission was assessed by the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity Scale. Stigma was assessed using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale and quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief version (WHOQOL BREF), insight grading as per Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry 10th Edition. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for all statistical analyses. Results: A total of 100 subjects participated in the study, of which 48 belong to the schizophrenia group and 52 belong to the BPAD group. Prevalence of internalized stigma among subjects with schizophrenia is 54% and BPAD is 50%. There was a statistically significant association between diagnosis and self-stigma. Self-stigma was found to be more among female gender (P = 0.001), single (0.014), and unemployed (P = 0.010). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between internalized stigma scores and QOL. Conclusion: The current study found a strong negative correlation between internal stigma and QOL, suggesting that internal stigma may have a negative impact on social relationships, community participation, and physical and psychological well-being of the individual. Considering this, psychiatrist should formulate strategies to address internal stigma along with clinical manifestations.

Sisa bioflok pada kultur akuaponik telah berhasil diproduksi menjadi biopelet. Namun, efikasi biopelet untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan sintasan ikan lele dan nila perlu diuji. Tujuan penelitian adalah meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) dan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) serta efisiensi sistem budidaya ikan melalui pakan biopelet berbahan baku bioflok. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode rancangan faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan dan dua jenis perlakuan yakni jenis ikan (lele sangkuriang dan nila merah), serta jenis pelet yakni pelet komersial, biopelet, dan kombinasi dari kedua pelet tersebut. Ikan berukuran 5 g dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 40 x 60 x 40 cm3, dengan kepadatan 0,4 ekor/L ikan per akuarium. Formulasi biopelet dilakukan menggunakan bioflok basah dan tepung tapioka dengan perbandingan 7:5. Ikan diberi pakan 2 kali sehari. Variabel yang diukur ialah sintasan dan pertumbuhan, baik berat maupun panjang. Interaksi yang nyata (p: 0,035) antara jenis ikan dan jenis pakan teramati pada minggu ke-empat, dimana pakan kombinasi menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang nyata (p: 0,042) lebih tinggi daripada biopelet. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa biopelet dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang baik dan sintasan yang tinggi apabila dikombinasikan dengan pakan komersial. Namun demikian, pakan kombinasi tidak menunjukkan efisiensi tertinggi untuk kedua ikan yang dicobakan.

Introduction: This study described the different stages of uncontrolled hypertension, and assessed independently of the socio-demographic parameters, the non-modifiable and modifiable factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension at ambulatory care, in urban and peri-urban primary health care centres (PHCCs) of Bobo–Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Methods: A sample of 380 hypertensive adults were consecutively interviewed from January to February 2022, in 20 public PHCCs, in Bobo-Dioulasso. Sociodemographic, non- and modifiable lifestyle, anthropometric and blood pressure parameters were collected. Descriptive, comparative and logistic regression tests were performed. Results: The participants’ mean age was 56.2 ± 10.4 years and frequency of uncontrolled hypertension stage I, II and III was respectively 40.3 %, 23.3 % and 7.9 %. Those with family history of hypertension was 42.4 %. Participants with monotherapy, bi-therapy and tri-therapy represented 51.6 %, 42.6 % and 2.1 % respectively, while 38.2 % declared to be uncompliant with the therapy. About 36 % were current alcohol users, 29.7 % physically inactive, 23.7 % ate less than three servings of fruits and vegetables (FV), 15.3 % were obese, and 12.9 % current tobacco users. In logistic regression analysis, the presence of family history of hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.1; p = 0.005], use of bi-/tri-therapy (aOR = 1.7; p = 0.044), daily intake of less than three FV servings (aOR = 1.9; p = 0.025); non-adherence with therapy (aOR = 3.3, p = 0.0001) and obesity (aOR = 4.5; p = 0.003) were associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Conclusion: Uncontrolled hypertension was high at ambulatory primary care. For its efficient management in secondary prevention, a tailored in-hospital strategy including permanent education for a healthier lifestyle practice is needed; and should be complementary strengthened with specific community-based interventions.

A middle-aged woman presents with chronic foot arthritis which progressed to a non-healing ulcer, which was unresponsive to conventional antibiotics and debridement. She then developed cerebral manifestations and was empirically treated with antitubercular medications which led to healing of the ulcer. Unfortunately, delays in initiating treatment resulted in development of other extrapulmonary tuberculosis complications such as cerebral tuberculoma with tuberculous meningitis. She was subsequently diagnosed with neurocysticercosis which continued to worsen during her hospital stay. She eventually succumbed to her illness due to the complications and a possible nosocomial infection. This case highlights the challenges with diagnosis of uncommon presentations of common diseases in an endemic area, leading to diagnostic delays and development of serious complications.

Background There have been differential mortality rates from COVID-19 in different parts of the world. It is not clear whether the clinical presentation does also differ, thus the need for this study in a sub-Saharan African setting. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in selected tertiary hospitals in Tanzania.Methods This was a retrospective analysis of hospitalised adults confirmed SAR-COV-2 infection in five tertiary-level hospitals in Tanzania. Data collected and analysed included sociodemographic, radiological and clinical characteristics of the patients as well as the outcome of the admission (discharge vs death).Results Out of 1387 COVID-19 patients, 52% were males. The median age was 60 years ((IQR)=(19–102)). The most common symptoms were dyspnoea (943,68%), cough (889, 64%), fever (597,43%) and fatigue (570, 41%). In-hospital mortality was (476, 34%). Mortality significantly increased with increasing age, being the most in age >90 years (aHR (95% CI)=4.4 (2.52 to 28.82), p=0.02). Other predictors of mortality were not possessing a health insurance, (aHR (95% CI)=3.7 (1.09 to 14.25), p=0.04); chest pain, (aHR (95% CI)=2.27 (1.36 to 4.13), p=0.03); HIV positivity, (aHR (95% CI)=3.9 (1.46 to 8.15), p=0.03); neutrophilia, (aHR (95% CI)=1.12 (1.01 to 2.65), p=0.03); no use of ivermectin, (aHR (95% CI)=1.21 (1.04 to 1.57), p=0.04) and non-use of steroids, (aHR (95% CI)=1.36 (1.18 to 2.78), p=0.04). The retrospective nature of this study which based on documented patients’ records, with a large number of patients left out of the analysis due to missed data, this might in a way affect the results of the present study.Conclusion In-hospital mortality was 34%. The independent predictors of mortality were advanced age, HIV infection, no possession of a health insurance, chest pain, neutrophilia and no use of steroids or ivermectin.

Rationale & Objective: The 2021 CKD-EPI removes Black race as a factor in calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We assessed its effect on CKD prevalence in the demographically-diverse US Military Health System. Study Design: A retrospective calculation of the eGFR from serum creatinine measured over 2016-2019 using both the 2009 and 2021 CKD-EPI equations. Setting & Population: Multicenter health care network with data from 1,502,607 adults in the complete case analysis and from 1,970,433 adults in an imputed race analysis. Predictors: Serum creatinine, age, sex, and race. Outcome: CKD stages 3-5, defined as the last eGFR persistently

In this study, we compared nanometer-scale (nm) silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) with conventional micrometer-scale (μm) adsorbents (SiO2 and Al2O3) to determine their utility in refining crude fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Unlike their μm counterparts, hydrated SiO2 and Al2O3 nm-adsorbents did not retain water after utilization in FAME refining. However, hydrated adsorbents significantly improved performance of μm-scale SiO2 and Al2O3 adsorbents for FAME refining. Structurally, the μm-adsorbents are porous multi-layered structures, with FAME adhering to the surface or entrained between layers. Meanwhile, nm-adsorbents were aggregated. As such, FAME loss associated with nm-SiO2 adsorbent was 50.5 % higher than μm-SiO2 adsorbent. In addition, the electrical charge density of the adsorbents influenced their performance in FAME refining. Finally, conventional separation methods (e.g., gravitational setting) were impractical for separating spent nm-adsorbents from FAME; although, the use of an electrostatic field enhanced the removal of nm-adsorbents from solution. Altogether, this study examines the application of nm-adsorbents, compared to μm-adsorbents, and highlights potential increased efficiency in refining biodiesel, such as potentially reducing the need for extensive wet washing processes. Although new separation technologies may be required in recovering spent nm-adsorbents, their application could enhance the sustainability and cost efficiency of biodiesel production.

Aim of the study Ethical problems most often arise in research. One of the most important ethical rules governing research on humans is that participants must give their informed consent before taking part in a study. Informed consent is therefore a vital part of the research process, and as such entails more than obtaining a signature on a form. Most researchers however, do not have the requisite knowledge of the importance of informed consent in research. This paper attempts a synopsis of the place of informed consent in research study. Materials and methods A review of literature on informed consent in research. Literature search was done using Google search engine as well as international and local journals. Results Informed consent as an aspect of medical ethics, balances autonomy and beneficence, and provides adequate assurance of voluntary and autonomous participation without negative repercussions on access to study benefits. The search showed that this if adhered to in research, will surely maintain the dignity of man and the integrity of research as a field of human endeavour. Conclusions Researchers must therefore ensure that potential research participants be given sufficient information about a study, in a format they understand, to enable them to exercise their right to make an informed decision whether to participate in a given research.

Aim of the study. In this study, we examined how the choice of fabrication technology impacts the flexural strength of denture bases, considering the potential long-term consequences of permanent stresses on these structures. Such stresses can eventually result in cracking, fracture, or a loss of adaptation within the prosthetic field, which undergoes dynamic changes over time. Material and methods. The flexural strength was tested on specimens made of the same material (based on thermopolymerizable PMMA), using three different technologies: the classic press packing process and traditional polymerization, the injection technology and polymerization under constant pressure and an original suction-injection process (vacuum-pressure alternation), with polymerization under continuous pressure. The actual testing of the flexural strength was carried out in collaboration with the Department of Strength of Materials within the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Timisoara. Results & Conclusions. Superior outcomes were achieved through the suction-injection method, with polymerization under sustained pressure, in comparison to injection techniques associated with polymerization under constant pressure. These results surpassed those attained through manual press packing procedures and traditional hot polymerization methods.

Aim of the study: To evaluate the efficacy of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in non-invasively monitoring temperature variations during ceramic sintering for dental prosthetics, emphasizing the importance of precise temperature control for optimal material properties and structural integrity. Materials and Methods: The study utilized OCT to examine 17 metal-ceramic restorations at various sintering temperatures (standard, 80°C below, and 50°C above the standard). The method involved generating 61 cross-sectional images per prosthesis to identify defects and structural changes. Results: OCT revealed significant insights into the impact of temperature deviations on ceramic microstructure, including uniform grain sizes at standard temperatures and areas of reduced retention at elevated temperatures, highlighting the technology’s potential in quality control. Conclusions: OCT offers a rapid, accurate, and non-destructive means to assess sintering temperatures and detect defects in dental ceramics, facilitating improvements in dental prosthetics’ fabrication process. The study advocates for OCT’s integration into routine dental laboratory practices to enhance prosthesis quality and reliability.

Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to investigate the modifications that may occur in case of sintering temperature deviation for metal-ceramic crowns. Materials and Methods: For this in vitro study were made 15 metal-ceramic crowns for tooth 2.1 and were divided into 5 groups. The ceramic veneering comprised different sintering temperatures optimized for different properties: group 1 was sintered at 910 ºC as per the manufacturer’s recommendation, group 2 was sintered at 940ºC (+30 ºC), group 3 was sintered at 960ºC (+50 ºC), group 4 was sintered at 880ºC (-30 ºC), and group 5 was sintered at 860 ºC (-50 ºC). Using the EXOCAD scanner the maxillary cast was scanned to obtain the metal frameworks from Cr-Co alloy (SCHEFTNER CoCr – 30 microns). Ips InLine One ceramic shade A3 developed by Ivoclar Vivadent Inc is applied in two layers, each one sintered at the same temperature. After ceramic sintering, the shade of each group was registered with Vita Easy Shade spectrophotometer and Vitapan Classical shade guide. Results: Errors in sintering temperatures can change the ceramic’s density and mechanical properties but may also lead to colour shifts. This phenomenon occurs due to alterations in the ceramic material’s microstructure, which can impact its optical properties and, consequently, its perceived colour. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study highlights the crucial impact of sintering temperature variations on the quality and integrity of metal-ceramic dental restorations. Our findings point towards the need for further innovation and research in thermal management within dental ceramics processing to achieve restorations that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functionally reliable and compatible with the natural dentition.

The aim of the study was to assess the mechanical strength of metal frameworks for fixed partial prostheses, made of Co-Cr alloy. Subsequently, the obtained structures were sectioned at the areas of interest and welded using two technological processes: laser and plasma. The mechanical tests were conducted using the Mecmesin MultiTest 5-i device. Following the mechanical tests, it was observed that the control samples did not fracture but yielded through deformation. The samples welded with laser fractured, while those welded with plasma fractured at a much lower value. The success of welding depends on the joint surface, absence of sharp angles, ideal surface preparation, avoidance of inclusions and discontinuities, and avoiding a reduced cross-sectional area. The mechanical strength of welded joints influences the longevity of a repair of the metallic component of a prosthesis. Statistical analyses confirm that repairing metal frameworks for fixed prosthetic restorations using laser represents a viable option, even though the samples fractured under high mechanical loads.

Abstract Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important cause of global burden of disease. There is a paucity of data on the burden and risk factors for CAD in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite the rising trends in the shared risk factors across regions. The recent introduction of cardiac catheterization laboratory services in SSA could shed light on the burden of CAD in the region. We aimed to assess the angiographic characteristics among patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG) at a single tertiary care hospital in Tanzania. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review. A total of 728 patients ≥ 18 years of age who underwent CAG from January 2020 to December 2022 were recruited into the study. Basic demographic variables, risk factors and clinical characteristics including CAG findings were obtained from the registry. In addition, CAG images were retrieved for assessment of angiographic features. The luminal vessel stenosis was assessed based on eyeballing and the degree of obstruction was agreed by two independent and experienced cardiologists. The coronary stenosis of ≥ 50% was considered significant for obstructive CAD. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. Results Of patients who were recruited into the study, 384 (52.23%) were female. The study participants had a mean age of 59.46 ± 10.83 standard deviation (SD) and mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.18 kg/m2. The prevalence of CAD of any degree was estimated at 24.43% (34.18% in male, 15.50% in female), while that of obstructive CAD was 18.27%. Forty six percent of those with obstructive CAD had multiple vessel disease (MVD). Nearly 77% of patients were found to have ≥ 50–70% luminal stenosis and while those with ≥ 70% luminal coronary artery stenosis constituted 56.65%. Right coronary artery (RCA) was the most commonly affected vessel, accounting for 36.84% when any vessel disease or 56% when single vessel disease were considered. Being 65 years or older and comorbidity with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were independent risk factors for developing CAD. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of obstructive CAD among patients undergoing diagnostic CAG in Tanzania, with male gender preponderance and increasingly higher in older age, often with severe disease. A large, prospective study is needed to provide epidemiological and clinical data for developing a locally-relevant cardio-preventive strategy for CAD intervention in Tanzania.

Abstract Estimation of mortality rates and mortality rate ratios (MRR) of diseased and non-diseased individuals is a core metric of disease impact used in chronic disease epidemiology. Estimation of mortality rates is often conducted through retrospective linkage of information from nationwide surveys such as the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and death registries. These surveys usually collect information on disease status during only one study visit. This infrequency leads to missing disease information (with right censored survival times) for deceased individuals who were disease-free at study participation, and a possibly biased estimation of the MRR because of possible undetected disease onset after study participation. This occurrence is called “misclassification of disease status at death (MicDaD)” and it is a potentially common source of bias in epidemiologic studies. In this study, we conducted a simulation analysis with a high and a low incidence setting to assess the extent of MicDaD-bias in the estimated mortality. For the simulated populations, MRR for diseased and non-diseased individuals with and without MicDaD were calculated and compared. Magnitude of MicDaD-bias depends on and is driven by the incidence of the chronic disease under consideration; our analysis revealed a noticeable shift towards underestimation for high incidences when MicDaD is present. Impact of MicDaD was smaller for lower incidence (but associated with greater uncertainty in the estimation of MRR in general). Further research can consider the amount of missing information and potential influencers such as duration and risk factors of the disease.