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Background:: New cyclohexenone derivatives candidates were designed to discover their antioxidant and antibacterial activity potentials, respectively. Methods: Aldehydes with the diverse functional group were prepared from 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde and benzyl bromide and converted to chalcones by reaction with 4-substituted benzophenones and 2-acetyl naphthalene. When chalcone derivatives were subjected to ethyl acetoacetate, it produced new cyclohexenone derivatives through NaOH- catalyzed addition-ring closure reaction. The new compound structures were strengthened by their spectral information. The new compounds are examined for in vitro antifungal and antibacterial actions through broth microdilution technique, and they exhibited potential responses against various bacteria and fungi. Results: As a result, composites with (-F) group as a substituent on para position were established to be the forceful derivatives against S. aureus, E. coli organism, and C. albicans since this compound could inhibit the microbial and Fungai growth at lower concentrations compared to the standards (Ciprofloxacin HCl, and Fluconazole). Conclusion: DPPH radical scavenging experiments were used to evaluate proton donating antioxidant effects; it was exposed that compound 7c has the most significant antioxidant activity, while less than the standard ascorbic acid. Finally, HOMO-LUMO was calculated, which represents the quantum mechanical calculations of energies and conducted by the theory of density functional (DFT) method based on the level of (B3LYP) with 6-31G (d, p) basis set.

Aryl fluorosulfates are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis and have gained increasing attention in SuFEx (Sulfur Fluoride Exchange) click chemistry.

Endeavoring to find a new type of antimicrobial agents, a new sequence of bis-Schiff bases and bis-3-cholro-β-lactams are synthesized. An astonishing class of strained compounds is part of the symmetrical bis-Schiff bases that has widespread applications and building blocks for the combination of bis-3-cholro-β-lactams antibiotics. Bis-3-cholro-β-lactams are synthesized through (Staudinger) [2+2] ketene-imine cycloaddition reaction. Structures of the produced compounds are deduced by 1H, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. All produced compounds are shown moderate to good antimicrobial activity compared to human pathogenic bacteria strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), also compared to Aspergillus Niger and Trichophyton mentagrophytes fungi through the broth microdilution technique. A molecular docking study is used for showing the active sides and binding affinity of the products with the target proteins or receptors of E. coli (PDB ID: 3GI9).

In addition to designing and implementing preventive measures through the risk assessment and management approach, comprehensive and accurate investigation of rail and road hazmat transportation accidents (RRHTA) is an undeniable necessity to reduce the risk of them. The first step in this direction is to find the root causes. This will only be possible by using the right techniques. In this study, using a framework based on literature review, fuzzy logic and Topsis method, a comprehensive technique was developed to investigate the RRHTA. Depending on the studies performed to identify appropriate criteria for comparing techniques of incident analysis, six criteria were identified and selected. According to the Topsis findings, the COMIHTA method with a proximity coefficient of 0.580 had the best performance in the analysis of land transport of hazardous materials. The second and third places were awarded to FAM and SCAT techniques, respectively. The output of this study was the introduction of the COMIHTA technique. Utilizing the strengths of the four techniques and covering their weaknesses, this technique can help identify and determine the causes of accidents graphically, systematically and by minimizing the working taste of analysts at all levels.

BackgroundThe cement industry is one of the main world industries with exposure to a wide range of hazardous chemical and physical occupational agents that can increase free radicals and cause diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress, and biochemical markers and psychological parameters among cement plant workers who were exposed to variety of hazardous occupational agents.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study 40 workers exposed to cement and 40 office employees, were selected as the exposed and control group, respectively. Exposure to cement dust, silica and noise were respectively assessed using the NIOSH 0600, NIOSH 7601 and noise dosimetry methods. Oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and biochemical parameters were measured in the serum of all participants. Depression, anxiety and stress were assessed by Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) questioner. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS22 software. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square were used to evaluate the relation between variables. ResultsThe results demonstrated that the level of MDA as a marker of oxidative stress was significantly higher in the exposed group.Antioxidant enzymes including SOD and CAT were significantly higher, and TAC was insignificantly lower in the exposed group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), depression and stress were also significantly higher in the exposure group. It seems like working in cement plants, can have hazardous effects on liver function, enzyme activity and mental health.

The synthesis of two novel π-extended oligomers, incorporating naphtho[1,2-b]thiophene-4-carboxylate 2-octyldodecyl esters as end-capping moieties, and two different conjugated core fragments, has been achieved through a cascade sequence of sustainable organic reactions. Benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole and 2-octyldodecyl benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b′]dithiophene-4-carboxylate have been used, respectively, as electron-poor and electro-rich π-conjugated cores. In the latter case, a sequence of nine aromatic rings in a fully conjugated structure is achieved with a high yielding, sustainable cascade approach. The optoelectronic properties of both oligomers are reported.

This study aims to analyse the factors that can explain the adoption and effective use of a new e‐learning system in Iraq. To achieve this, it uses a selection of factors that are present in the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, and it includes three additional factors. The study hypothesises new relationships between the selected factors. Questionnaires were distributed to 300 university students in Iraq. Partial least squares‐structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) was used to analyse the data received. The findings suggest that perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), subjective norms (SNs), information quality (IQ), system quality (SQ), technical support (TS) and self‐efficacy (SE) have significant effects on behavioural intention (BI). In turn, BI and TS have significant direct effects on the actual use (AU) of e‐learning systems. The factors age, gender and experience significantly moderated some of the relationships in the model. The research has several implications for policy makers, universities and the management of e‐learning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterization of four novel donor-acceptor-donor &pi, extended oligomers, incorporating naphtha(1&ndash, b)thiophene-4-carboxylate or benzo(b)thieno(3,2-g) benzothiophene-4-carboxylate 2-octyldodecyl esters as end-capping moieties, and two different conjugated core fragments, is reported. The end-capping moieties are obtained via a cascade sequence of sustainable organic reactions, and then coupled to benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole and its difluoro derivative as the electron-poor &pi, conjugated cores. The optoelectronic properties of the oligomers are reported. The novel compounds revealed good film forming properties, and when tested in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic cell devices in combination with PC61BM, revealed good fill factors, but low efficiencies, due to their poor absorption profiles.

This paper investigates the potential and challenges associated with the use of e-learning in Iraqi higher education universities from the perspective of Iraqi university students. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to students in Salahaddin University in Iraq. 181 completed questionnaires were collected. The questionnaires included open-ended questions in which students were asked to provide their opinions on the importance and advantages of e-learning and how it can be successfully implemented in Iraq. In addition, they were asked to identify the challenges facing the use of e-learning systems in Iraqi universities. The results revealed that students are aware of the importance and benefits of e-learning for their studies. However, major challenges associated with the general infrastructure and the support provided by universities and policy making in Iraq in relation to e-learning exist. The results also revealed that Iraqi students prefer the hybrid approach of learning, using mobile phones rather than relying solely on online learning using computers.

Parham cyclisation–intermolecular α-amidoalkylation and nucleophilic addition–intramolecular α-amidoalkylation sequences constitute diastereocomplementary routes to 1,10b-cis and trans thiazolo[4,3-a]isoquinolinones. These thiazolidinediones, that incorporate allyl groups at C-1 and C-10b, are efficient precursors of thiaerythrinanes by ring-closing metathesis reactions.

Parham cyclisation–intermolecular α-amidoalkylation and nucleophilic addition–intramolecular α-amidoalkylation sequences constitute diastereocomplementary routes to 1,10b-cis and trans thiazolo[4,3-a]isoquinolinones. These thiazolidinediones, that incorporate allyl groups at C-1 and C-10b, are efficient precursors of thiaerythrinanes by ring-closing metathesis reactions.

C-10b Functionalized 5,6-dihydropyrrolo(2,1-a)isoquinolines have been prepared via Parham cyclization and α-amidoalkylation reactions, using functionalized organolithium reagents. Their utility as intermediates in the synthesis of erythrinanes via intra or intermolecular conjugate addition reactions has been studied. Thus, a protocol for preparing the erythrinane skeleton through a Parham cyclization−intermolecular α-amidoalkylation−intermolecular conjugate addition−ring-closing metathesis process has been described.