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Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is more frequent among incarcerated people than in general population. In the DAAs era, the short schedules and the low risk of adverse reactions, increased the number of HCV treatments. However, the most part of literature reports lack of incarcerated women inclusion in studies on field. Our aim is to assess the screening execution, HCV prevalence, and DAAs treatment among incarcerated women. A focused insight on quick vs standard diagnosis and staging approach will be also provided. Methods Incarcerated women from 4 Italian regions’ penitentiary institutes were included. HCV screening was executed with HCV saliva test (QuickOral Test®) or phlebotomy. Stage of liver fibrosis was evaluated with FIB-4 value or fibroscan®, based on physicians’ decision. Treatment prescription followed national protocols. Results We included 156 women, 89 (57%) were Italian, mean age was 41 ± 10 years, and 28 (17.9%) were people who inject drugs (PWIDs). Overall, the HCV seroprevalence was 20.5%. Being PWID and on opioid substitution therapy (OST) were significantly associated with serological status (p-value

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is more frequent among incarcerated people than in general population. In the DAAs era, the short schedules and the low risk of adverse reactions, increased the number of HCV treatments. However, the most part of literature reports lack of incarcerated women inclusion in studies on field. Our aim is to assess the screening execution, HCV prevalence, and DAAs treatment among incarcerated women. A focused insight on quick vs standard diagnosis and staging approach will be also provided.Methods: Incarcerated women from 4 Italian regions' penitentiary institutes were included. HCV screening was executed with HCV saliva test (QuickOral Test®) or phlebotomy. Stage of liver fibrosis was evaluated with FIB-4 value or fibroscan®, based on physicians' decision. Treatment prescription followed national protocols.Results: We included 156 women, 89 (57%) were Italian, mean age was 41 ± 10 years, and 28 (17.9%) were people who inject drugs (PWIDs). Overall, the HCV seroprevalence was 20.5%. Being PWID and on opioid substitution therapy (OST) were significantly associated with serological status (p-value < 0.001). Of them, the 75.5% of patients had active infection, the most frequent genotype was 3a (50%). Among them, 4 (16.6%) and 6 (25%) had psychosis or alcohol abuse history. The 62.5%, 25% and 12.5% had low, intermediate, and advanced fibrosis, respectively. Out of the 24 HCV-RNA positive patients, the 75% underwent to DAAs treatment. The sustained virological response (SVR12) was achieved in 88.8% of cases. When evaluating the influence of quick diagnosis and staging methods vs standard phlebotomy and fibroscan® on SVR12, FIB-4 use showed higher performance for retainment in treatment during prison staying (p = 0.015), while the use of quick saliva test had no influence on the outcome (p = 0.22).Conclusion: HCV seroprevalence and active infections are very high among incarcerated women. More tailored interventions should be focused on HCV diagnosis and treatment in female prison population. The use of quick staging methods (FIB-4) is useful to increase SVR12 achievement without delays caused by the fibroscan® awaiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Despite recent legislative changes through the enactment of 2017-58 law on the elimination of violence against women and children, sexual violence remains fairly frequent and is often underestimated. Objectives to describe the epidemiological peculiarities of victims of sexual assault in the Mahdia region and to discuss their medico legal implications. Methods this is retrospective study of 110 cases of victims of sexual assault examined at the legal medicine department of the TAHER SFAR University Hospital in Mahdia. This work was carried out over the period from January 2016 to August 2018. Results the majority of victims were female (80%) and the main vulnerability factor was an age under 15 (26%). The perpetrator was generally unique (74%). Sexual assault by penetration was mostly reported (51% of cases), and was almost exclusively penile (98,2 of cases). The gynecological examination revealed a torn hymn in 43 victims, a compliant hymen without traumatic lesions in 7 victims (8%) and recent vulvar traumatic lesions without hymenal crossing in 5 victims (5,6%). Recent anal penetration was diagnosed in 6 male victims (6,8%). Among female victims, recent anal penetration was diagnosed in 5 victims (22,7%). One in four victims reported a market psychological impact with female predominance in 85% of cases. Complications of the most reported sexual assaults were pregnancy in 7% of cases. In total, only 57,3% of the certificates issued made it possible to conclude that the injuries. Conclusions The care of victims of sexual assault requires a multi- disciplinary approach; medical, psychiatric, social and legal. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Objective: To determine frequency, percentage and correlations between physical and laboratory findings in adult female sexual assault cases in Peshawar district. Material and Methods: This cross sectional retro prospective chart review study was conducted in department of Forensic Medicine Khyber Medical College, Peshawar-Pakistan from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. 51 samples with police inquest were included in the study, limitations and exclusion criteria were defined. Pre designed questionnaire was used for data collection while SPSS.20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 80 female samples 29 (36.3%) were cases of child abuse where as age group between 11-30 years was the most vulnerable age group. Urban areas proved to have maximum reported cases while among seasons many cases were reported in winters. Police station Bana Mari had maximum cases of sexual assault followed by Faqirabab and Phari Pura. Conclusion: Sexual assault being important but neglected social issue was well addressed through this study, and enlightened the places, age groups and reason which are mostly involved in increasing such number of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Documentation is the most essential part in Medical practice, it should be timely, accurate and complete. Whenever a case of medical negligence filed against a hospital, the only defence is medical record. Good records always provide a good defence. A cross sectional study was done on Medical record documentation at a rural medical college hospital, with an objective to appraise the importance of Medical record documentation with regard to various medico legal aspects. 100 case sheets were collected from the medical record department of the hospital and information from the case sheet was collected in to a data sheet and analysed for errors. None of the case sheet was free from documentation errors. We observed too many lacunae in the case sheets and explained how it leads to medico legal issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on assessment of Medical certification of cause of death was conducted at a rural medical college hospital in Andhra Pradesh to find out the errors in cause of death certificates for a period of one year from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011. The certificates are collected from Medical record department of the hospital along with case sheets and analysed for errors. The errors are grouped in to two Major and Minor, Not even a single certificate is free from error, majority of the errors an average about 47% are found in Major group and minor group consist 21% of errors, Most of the errors are avoidable with proper guidance and periodical training to the medical practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medico legal case means a medical case with legal binding on the part of attending doctor. There is an apprehension among doctors in dealing with medico legal cases. This is because of fear of various laws and regulations. There is also apprehension regarding attending the courts, cross examination by the Lawyers and various questions by the police officers. All doctors should be aware of legal aspects of medical practice. Assessment of knowledge and Awareness of common medico legal issues was done by analysing the questionnaire given to 100 doctors working at Medical College Raichur among the participants 50 doctors were from Non Clinical and 50 were from clinical departments. Such study about knowledge and awareness assessment of doctors will benefit the doctors in a constructive way to deal with medico legal issues in their clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral vestibular disease can be treated with several approaches (e.g., maneuvers, surgery, or medical approach). Comorbidity is common in elderly patients, so polytherapy is used, but it can generate the development of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that play a role in both adverse drug reactions and reduced adherence. For this reason, they need a complex kind of approach, considering all their individual characteristics. Physicians must be able to prescribe and deprescribe drugs based on a solid knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical indications. Moreover, full information is required to reach a real therapeutic alliance, to improve the safety of care and reduce possible malpractice claims related to drug-drug interactions. In this review, using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library, we searched articles published until 30 August 2021, and described both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic DDIs in patients with vestibular disorders, focusing the interest on their clinical implications and on risk management strategies.