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This review article shows a holistic approach regarding integrated farming system (IFS) for livelihood security and sustainable development of small and marginal households in India. Integrated farming systems are being developed for location specific because enormous problems are being aroused in the agriculture and allied sectors such as declined factor productivity, profitability, unscientific management of farm resources, decreases in crops and livestock productivity due to climate change, changes in food habits of the people, deprived soil health, low inputs use efficiencies, declined in crop diversification and biodiversity, increased cost of production, utilization of high energy inputs, produces low energy outputs and other problems are also coexisted in current farming system. The integrated farming system includes different components like crops, livestock, poultry, beekeeping, fisheries, mushroom, kitchen garden, boundary plantation and others to cultivate in an integrated way for efficient utilization of limited farm resources. Moreover, imperative need to resolve these ablaze issues with the help of development of location-specific integrated farming system modules/models. IFS is a tool of sustainable strategies for the meeting of assorted agrarian anxieties along with ensured food and nutritional security and conserved ecosystem services. The standardized and upscale IFS models increased the productivity and profitability of the farmers more than mono-cropping and single-farm enterprises. The conducted studies emphases about enhance soil quality indicators, recycling and saving plant nutrients by around 55.6% through proper management of farm-based waste and byproducts. A total of 265.18 kg nitrogen, 48.91 kg phosphorus and 269.48 kg potassium can be saved through recycled farm-based waste or byproducts of a 1.5 ha model which comprises nine components. In conclusion, IFS modules/models are emission-negative or low GHG emitters, paving the way for promoting of climate-friendly farming in India. IFS emerges as a holistic approach to increase climate-resilient, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced, it is a potential for sustainable agriculture development requiring continued research, policy support and innovative strategies for widespread adoption. As regards to livelihood security, the IFS approach has adapted to meet the home-grown family needs of cereals, pulses, oils, fruits, milk, meat, eggs and vegetables. The future direction for research includes vertical farming, climate-smart farming systems and improving the quality and sustainability of the farming systems, especially for underprivileged farm householders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to assess the genetic diversity and character association, nine early maturing sugarcane clones were studied in 2015-16 and 2016-17 crop seasons under inorganic environment in summer planting regime. The results of the experiment revealed that variety CoPk 05191 had greater genetic distance from CoS 03251 (239.401), CoLk 11201 (227.923) and UP 05125 (201.355), medium genetic distance was between Co 98014 and Co 11201 (224. 618), Co 98014 and UP 05125 (179.927), and Co 98014 and CoS 03251 (178.029). The hybridization between the aforesaid combinations of clone scan produce heterotic and transgressive genotypes with higher cane and sugar yield. The cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant correlation with cane height (r=0.948**), single cane weight (r=0.817**), number of millable canes (r=0.748**), and green top yield (r=0.653**). Being highly correlated with cane yield, the characters like cane height, cane weight, NMC and green top weight need special focus while making selection for higher cane and sugar yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 and 2012 at Avikanagar on different genotypes of cluster bean to assess the response of Zn on productivity and profitability under tropical environment of Rajasthan. The results reveal that maximum seed (2.55 t ha-1) and stover yield (7.32 t ha-1), protein content (27.2%) and protein yield and (168.10 kg ha-1), gum content (27%) and gum yield (180 kg ha-1) were recorded with application of Zn @20 kg ha-1. Further, quality traits viz. ADF, NDF, cellulose and lignin were also highest in grains. Maximum net return of 33,037 ha-1 with benefit: cost ratio (2.39) was received with the use of Zn @ 20 kg ha-1. Highest seed yield (2.21 t ha-1), protein content (25.6%), protein yield (166.20 kg ha-1), gum content (25.4%) and gum yield (172.37 kg ha-1) were obtained from genotype 'RGC 936' with the highest net returns of Rs 28,188 ha-1. Application of Zn@20 kg ha-1 to cluster bean genotype 'RGC 936' gives highest yield and economic returns under tropical condition of Rajasthan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 2005 and 2006 at CSWRI, Avikanagar (Rajasthan) under transfer of technology project. in Ghotiroad Malpura, to find out the production potential of 3 sorghum genotypes ('SSG 1000', 'SSG 117' and 'SSG 887'). Observations on growth parameters, green fodder and dry matter production indicated that maximum was increased in 'SSG887' genotype compared to SSG1000' and 'SSG 117' genotypes. However, 'SSG887' genotype gave the maximum biomass production (330.22 and 333.08 q ma) than that of other genotypes. Similarly application of zinc had significant effect on growth and green fodder yield of new genotypes of forage sorghum and these were increased constantly with each successive level of zinc from 0 to 20 kg/ha. But both the levels of zinc 10 and 20 kg /ha were found significantly superior over to no zinc applied in term of higher plant height, more number of leaves/plant, nodes/ plant, dry matter production/plant and green forage yield during both the years. Besides, bacterial seed inoculation (Azospirillum) caused significant increased in green fodder and dry matter yield and all growth attributes of forage sorghum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]