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Kidney damage for >3 months, as defined by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased Glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A proper GI assessment is of paramount importance either for a prospective renal transplantation candidate or those patients having even minor GI symptoms when they are on maintenance haemodialysis or conservative management of CRF. Helicobacter Pylori infection is accepted as an etiological factor of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and other gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly heartburn, pyrosis, and regurgitation, are frequent findings in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). These complaints may be due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Aims and Objectives: Endoscopic finding in patients of CKD with special evaluation on diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Methodology: We conducted an observational study on 50 patients, who are diagnosed to have Chronic kidney disease and being admitted to M.B hospital Udaipur in medicine department over a period of one year. All patients with chronic kidney disease underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy for H. pylori were included in the study. Results: Majority of the subjects belongs to age group of 31 to 40 years (26%) and least belongs to 70 to 80 years age group (6%). Out of the 50 subjects, males were 28 and females were 22. Majority of the cases in our study belonged to stage IV. 84% of the cases had upper gastrointestinal involvement on endoscopic examination in our study. Erosive gastritis (26%), either antral or fundal, was the predominant lesion found on endoscopy. Majority of the subjects having erosive gastritis, had stage IV CKD (53.8%). Out of 50 cases in our study 55% of subjects had lesions of the stomach, 26% of subjects had lesions in the duodenum, 19% of subjects had lesions in oesophagus. Out of 50 subjects in our study 52% were undergoing haemodialysis and 48% of subjects were under conservative management. Majority of subjects undergoing haemodialysis were belongs to stage V. Biopsy for Pylori were done to all 50 patients out of which 22 (44%) detected positive. Conclusion: Majority of the patients with chronic kidney disease have upper gastrointestinal involvement on endoscopic evaluation. Erosive gastritis is the most common upper gastrointestinal manifestation in our study. Upper gastrointestinal manifestations are predominant in stage V. Upper gastrointestinal findings are frequently observed in chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis. Early diagnosis and management can reduce mortality and morbidity and prevent fatal complication like massive upper gastrointestinal bleed. This study showed that positive Pylori were detected in 44% of patients so upper GI endoscopy with biopsy is an acceptable procedure for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adequate tillage checks and delays the emergence of weeds and provides a more favourable environment for early crop establishment. Slow growth of crop plant provides favourable environment for emergence of weeds. Cultural as well as mechanical practices such as hand weeding and intercultural are effective but unavailability of labour and continuous rainfall in rainy season does not permit for timely management of weeds Chemical weed control is effective weed management option which provides effective control of weeds. It is well known that weeds are ubiquitous but their presence in cropped area particularly in rainy season crops like clusterbean act as major limiting factor in achieving high potential yield. The current study aimed to study the impact of crop establishment methods and weed control practices on productivity and profitability of clusterbean. Methods: A field experiment was carried out to find out suitable method of crop establishment methods and weed management practices in clusterbean during kharif seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2020. The experiment was conducted in spilt plot design with three replications. The treatments were four crop establishment methods viz., conventional sowing, zero tillage sowing, broad bed sowing, zero tillage sowing with mulch as main plots and four weed control practices viz., weedy check, pendimethalin + imazethapyr 1000 g ha-1, T3- Imazethapyr 40 g ha-1, T4- Imazethapyr+imazamox 40 g ha-1 as sub plot treatments . Result: The broad bed sowing of clusterbean along with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr 1000 g ha-1 was found effective to achieve higher productivity and farm profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in kharif seasons of 2015, 2016 and 2017 at experimental farm of Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur (Rajasthan) to study efficacy of different weed management practices in clusterbean. Three years result shows that compared to weedy check (6.82 m-2) application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb one hand weeding recorded lowest weed density (3.58 m-2). Among herbicidal treatments, Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS (83.7%) and Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox @ 40g a.i./ha PoE (74.0%) recorded highest weed control efficiency. Likewise, application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS and Pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40 g a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed (1136 kg ha-1 and 1009 kg ha-1), haulm (3304 kg ha-1 and 2943 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4440 kg ha-1 and 3953 kg ha-1), respectively over other herbicidal treatments. Economic evaluation indicated that application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 and which was followed by with Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./ha recorded, gross return (INR 55352 ha-1 and INR 49189 ha-1) net returns (INR 38852 ha-1 and INR 34289 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.35 and 2.20), respectively. Whereas, minimum cost of cultivation (INR 10000 ha-1) and gross returns (INR 25632 ha-1), net returns (INR 15632 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.56) were recorded under weed check. So looking to the laborious pressure of hand weeding, cost effectiveness ease of application of chemical herbicides, application of Pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 fb one hand weeding can be an effective weed control option in cluster bean crop with higher seed and haulm yield under Semi-arid and Arid regions of Rajasthan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous adoption of pearl millet-wheat cropping system led to reduction in productivity which put a serious threat to its sustainability in semi-arid eastern plain zone of Rajasthan, India. Crop diversification with wider choice with a variety of crops is being promoted as an alternative to profit maximization with enhanced soil fertility status. Therefore, a long term experiment was initiated to evaluate the production potential, sustainability, resource-use efficiency and economics of nine pearl millet based cropping systems. Result revealed that system productivity in terms of pearl millet equivalent yield (PMEY) was highest (30488 kg ha-1) with groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion crop rotation. Moreover, groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion recorded the highest SYI and land use efficiency (0.65 and 73.97%) followed by pearl millet-wheat-cluster bean-barley sequence (0.63 and 65.75%). The groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion also generated highest number of man days/ha/year (405). The highest values of organic carbon were found under green grammustard- pearl millet-lentil and cluster bean-pea-pearl millet-lentil. The maximum value of available P was recorded with cluster beanmustard- green gram-garden cress followed by the groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion sequence. Available K decreased significantly from their initial values in all the cropping systems except groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion crop rotation. Among the various systems, groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion realized the highest net returns ( '213000 ha-1), followed by pearl millet-wheat-cluster bean-barley ('163254 ha-1). Overall, it can be concluded that under the semi-arid agro climatic conditions of Rajasthan, ground nut wheat-cluster bean-onion, followed by pearl millet-wheat-cluster bean-barley, were more productive, sustainable, resource use efficient and remunerative than other cropping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal healthcare services (AHS) are crucial for the profitability and sustainability of smallholder livestock production systems. Availability of veterinary services is very important for development of livestock sector in India. The preference of service providers depend upon the location, distance, livestock holding and capacity to pay and quality of services. This paper focuses on animal health delivery system, morbidity and mortality patterns in livestock of tribal remote areas of Banswara district. A total of 120 tribal livestock owners were drawn from eight villages of two tehsils of Banswara district of Rajasthan. The data from respondents were collected through the specially designed and pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents (63.33%) were getting advice from Veterinary Officer/Livestock Assistant (LSA) for surgical affections, preferred traditional healer/Vaidat village for treatment of medicinal problems (46%), Veterinary Officer/LSA (70.83%) followed by quacks (21.67%) for gynaecological problems, vaccinated their animals in veterinary hospital as well as in animal health camps organized by animal husbandry department (40%), dewormed their animals on advice of Veterinary Officer/LSA (55%). Regarding the frequencies of mode of approach, only about 27 per cent were always calling veterinary expert at doorstep, sometime scalling veterinary expert at doorstep (73.33%), sometimes visited without diseased animals (45%) but about 31 per cent took their diseased animals at animal health service centre. Predominant diseases among cattle and buffalo were repeat breeding, metritis, diarrhoea, parasitic infections, pneumonia and poisoning. Parasitic infections, pox, pneumonia, diarrhoea and acidosis were found as major problems among goats of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to propose a new lector-based domino and examine it with inputs and clock signal combination in a 45-nm dual-threshold footerless domino circuit for reduced leakage current.Design/methodology/approach In this technique, p-type and n-type leakage control transistors (LCTs) are introduced between pull-up and pull-down networks, and the gate of one is controlled by the source of the other. A high-threshold transistor is used in the input for reducing gate oxide leakage current, which becomes dominant in nanometre technology. Simulations were based on a 45-nm BISM 4 model using an HSPICE simulator for proposed domino circuits.Findings The result shows that CHIL (clock high and input low) state is ineffective for lowering leakage current and the conventional CHIH (clock high and input high) state is only effective to suppress the leakage at low temperature for wide fan-in domino circuits. At high temperature, CLIL (clock low and input low) state is preferable to reduce the leakage current for low fan-in domino, but for high fan-in domino, CHIH state is preferred. The proposed circuit technique for AND2, OR2, OR4 and OR8 circuits reduces the active power consumption by 50.94 to 75.68 per cent and by 64.85 to 86.57 per cent at low and high die temperatures, respectively, when compared to the standard dual-threshold voltage domino logic circuits.Originality/value The research proposes a new leakage reduction technique used in domino circuits and also evaluates the state for leakage reduction which can be used for low-power dynamic circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study conducted in Dausa and Jaipur districts to know about the extent knowledge about improved scientific management practices of members in comparison to non-members. A sample of 160 respondents, consisting of 80 members of dairy co-operative societies and 80 non-members of dairy co-operative societies was drawn. The respondents for the study were selected from 8 villages of 4 tehsils. The study revealed that 57.5 per cent members were having knowledge about whitening of animal drinking water tank but in the case of the non-members 48.8 per cent respondent. Whereas knowledge about drenching of animal 60 per cent members and 53.8 per cent non-members were aware. About 42.5 per cent members knew weaning practices but in the case of nonmembers only 27.5 per cent, respondent. The results revealed that 60 per cent members and 50 per cent non-members were having knowledge about naval cord cutting safety precaution. The majority of members (63.7%) and non-members (56.3%) respondent were having knowledge about clean milk production. It was concluded study that majority of the members had comparatively high level of knowledge about calf, housing, milking and heath care management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted on a total 80 dairy farmers having minimum three milch animals selected from eight villages of Dausa and Jaipur districts of Rajasthan to ascertain the constraints perceived by dairy members in adoption of new technologies in dairy farming. The information was collected by conducting personal interviews of the livestock farmers with the help of well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. It has been observed that majority (42.5 per cent) of the dairy members faced high level of constraints followed by medium (38.7 per cent) and low (23.8 per cent) regarding infrastructure. In case of technical constraints, majority ( 45.0 per cent) of the dairy members were perceived as high level of constraints followed by medium ( 33.8 per cent) and low (21.2 per cent ) level of constraints. With respect to economic constraints, majority (38.8 per cent) of the dairy members faced medium level of constraints followed by high (35.0 per cent) and low level of constraints (26.2 per cent). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of genetic diversity is a pre-requisite in any breeding program for effective selection of superior accessions. Hence, a study was conducted on 19 accessions of tomato collected from Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi and Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, India, to assess the value and magnitude of genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D² statistics. Wide genetic diversity was observed among the accessions which were grouped into five clusters by Tocher's method based on D² values. The clusters III and IV contained highest number of accessions (6) followed by clusters I and II both had 3 accessions and cluster V had one accession. The clustering pattern indicated that there was no association between geographical distribution of accessions and genetic divergence. The diversity among the clusters was measured by inter-cluster distance. The maximum inter-cluster D2 value was observed between the cluster I and IV (11347.2) followed by cluster I and III (10921.8). Therefore, selection of divergent parents based on these cluster distance would be useful in selecting accessions for hybridization and formulating a comprehensive strategy to develop superior hybrids or superior segregants in tomato. The information so generated can be effectively utilized for improving the specific traits in future breeding programs of tomato. Cluster mean analysis indicated cluster I showed maximum performance for fruit yield per plant (3270.6 g), cluster II recorded minimum days to flowering (57.3 days) and cluster V showed low mean for leaf curl incidence percentage (20.0). The accessions in cluster I, II and V could serve as direct source for development of high yielding varieties, early flowering and resistance to leaf curl disease, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is conducted in Tonk district of Rajasthan in order to ascertain the status of livestock services delivery system of state department of animal husbandry (SDAH) in Rajasthan. A total of 120 livestock farmers were selected as respondent from 8 selected villages of 4 tehsils of the district while secondary data were collected from annual reports and other occasional reports of SDAH. Majority of the livestock farmers had medium availability for SDAH livestock services followed by high and low availability. Majority of the livestock farmer's rated SDAH livestock services as average in terms of their effectiveness followed by excellent and poor. Majority of the livestock farmers belonged to medium level of satisfaction towards SDAH livestock services followed by low and high satisfaction categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The experimental material comprising of 28 F1 hybrids (made in a halfdiallel fashion excluding reciprocals), eight parental lines and four checks were transplanted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The σ2SCA:σ2GCA (specific combining ability and general combining ability) ratio suggested that non-additive gene effects had greater role in controlling the inheritance of days to flowering, plant height, fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness, total fruit yield, early yield, number of seeds fruit-1, and 100 seed weight. The line SD 463 was found best general combiner for early and total yield. The graphical analysis (Wr/Vr) showed that most of the traits exhibiting partial dominance and over dominance. The cross combination SD 463 × PP 403 was found superior in terms of per se performance, specific combining ability and heterosis over standard checks. Significant and desirable heterosis over better parent and standard checks were recorded for almost all the traits. The present study indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene action involved in the inheritance of studied traits. The presence of parallelism between per se performance, SCA and heterosis suggests the possibility of direct exploitation of these hybrids at commercial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty-six accessions of tomato (10 lines, 4 tester, 40 F1 hybrids, 1 standard check and 1 susceptible check) were evaluated for 10 attributes to ascertain the extent of standard heterosis; identify a few promising cross-combinations resistant to late blight and root knot nematode along with appropriate heterosis. The extent of of heterosis were reported from 4.55 to 47.17% for total fruit yield, -24.14 to 33.84% for pericarp thickness, 0.80 to 28.57% for dry matter, -368.75 to 29.58% for lycopene; over standard the check. Only one hybrid combination LBR-15 × EC-119197 (3.31%) exhibited standard heterosis for TSS. Out of 40 hybrids, 4 namely, LBR-19 × 8-2-1-2-5, LBR-12 × EC-119197, LBR-13 × 1-6-1-4 and LBR-6 × 1-6-1-4 were observed with high disease resistance to late blight and root knot nematodes vis-à-vis appropriate heterosis for desirable traits; particularly fruit yield, fruit weight, pericarp thickness, TSS and dry matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The association of Type 1 diabetes mellitus with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been well documented in many populations. The appearance of Anti TPO antibodies precedes thyroid dysfunction and increase in autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes. The occurrence of thyroid auto antibodies against microsomes (AMA) and thyroglobulin (ATA), frequently seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Grave's disease have been reported in type 1 diabetes mellitus with varying frequency., Materials: The present study was carried out at tertiary care centre., Study Design: Prospective study. Duration of study: October 2014 to December 2015., Study Population: 60 patients., Result: In the present study, out of 60 patients 32 (53.33%) patients were female and 28 (46.66%) were male. Out of 60 patients, 10 patients had positive titre for Anti TPO antibodies. Out of 10 patients, 6 patients were female and 4 patients were male., Conclusion: Anti TPO antibodies level was elevated in 10 (16.66%) patients. Out of 10 patients, 6 (60%) patients were female and 4 (40%) were male. 6 out of 10 (60%) Anti TPO positive patients had longer duration of DM1. Patients having raised Anti TPO antibodies had no relation between Anti TPO antibodies and RBS level. Though HbA1c was high in Anti TPO antibodies positive patients statistically it was not significant. Patients having raised Anti TPO antibodies level had normal TSH level., (© Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2011.)