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Water Quality Index (WQI) is a mathematical value for quality of water, which includes the concentration of a number of constituents present in it. Chemical and biological measures of water quality are used to represent water quality index. Measured value of the selected parameters, ideal concentration of that parameter in pure water and standard value given by different quality control organizations are used to determine this number. In the present study, three indexing methods; Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) were used to calculate water quality index of groundwater. A hydrochemical analysis of 22 groundwater samples was conducted to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking purpose. Ten hydrochemical parameters were selected for computing WQIs of groundwater samples and BIS standards were used for standardization. Analytical results show that 100 % of samples have magnesium and total hardness above the acceptable limit of BIS (10500, 2012). The mean concentration of nitrate was found 196.96 ± 9.3.18 mg/L. Spatial distribution of various parameters shows that south-east part of study area has contaminated groundwater. The results of water quality index shows that drinking water quality of 82 % (WAWQI), 95 % (GWQI) and 77 % (CCME WQI) of groundwater samples were poor to unsuitable type. Water quality index map also reveals that groundwater of village Badhpura, Dhoom Manikpur, Dairy Maccha, Khera Dharampura, Bisrakh road, Duryai and Dujana of district Gautam Budh Nagar of India, was not fit for human consumption.

The present study utilized Aspergillus spp. for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); the developed AgNPs were categorized using analytical techniques, that is, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer, Zeta-potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A sharp peak of 463 nm highlighted the synthesis of AgNPs; further Zeta-potential of -16 mV indicates stability of synthesized AgNPs. The TEM micrograph showed spherical and hexagonal shapes of synthesized AgNPs of 6-25 nm. The photocatalytic activity of fungal-mediated AgNPs was evaluated for degradation of reactive yellow dye in the concentration range of 20-100 mg L-1 . The results showed efficient degradation of dye using AgNPs in short span of time. For antibacterial activity, synthesized AgNPs, antibiotic, and AgNPs + antibiotic were tested. As per results, the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of AgNPs showed the values of 13 and 10 mm for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Further, the ZOI of penicillin highlighted the values of 18 and 17 mm for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. When AgNPs and penicillin were used in combination, a clear synergistic effect was observed; the ZOI showed 0.49- and 0.36-fold increase in area against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, in comparison with penicillin or AgNPs alone. Further, the leftover biomass (retentate biomass) was used to decolorize the reactive yellow dye at different initial concentration ranging from 20 to 100 mg L-1 . It was observed that 1 g L-1 retentate biomass (BR ) can effectively remove 82%-100% dye at 20 and 100 mg L-1 initial dye concentration. Results also indicated that with increase in initial reactive dye concentration from 20 to 100 mg L-1 , the decolorization capacity of retentate biomass (BR ) (at 0.2 g L-1 ) decreased from 79.2% to 32.3%. However, the use of AgNPs synthesized leftover fungal biomass can be a good option for up taking the additional dyes/contaminants, and also as leftover biomass can be utilized effectively, it can prove to be an excellent approach for environment safety. As the literature studies did not mentioned the further use of retentate biomass, the present study provides an excellent approach for further research on this aspect. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Synthesis of AgNPs from Aspergillus spp. and characterized with the help of a U.V-vis spectrophotometer, a zeta potential, DLS and TEM. The developed AgNPs were used for antibacterial and dye degradation activity. The left over (retentate) fungal biomass was used further for additional dye degradation activity.

The major concern for farmers is important loss due to pests and diseases, which is regardless of any production system adopted. Plant pathogens, insects, and weed pests devastate over 40% of all possible sustenance creation every year. This loss happens despite utilizing approximately 3 million tons of pesticide per year in addition to the use of a variety of nonchemical controls such as biological controls and crop rotations. If some of this food could be saved from pest attack, it could be utilized to bolster an excess of 3 billion people who are malnourished in the world today. Expansive range of conventional insecticides such as carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and organochlorines were developed. They have been used to control insect pests in the course of recent decades, resulting in the reduction of the loss of agricultural yield. However, problems of resistance reaching crisis proportions, the extreme unfavorable impacts of pesticides on the environment, and public complaints led to stricter protocols and regulations directed to reduce their utilization. The pest control industry is continuously examining novel technologies and products that will improve the way to manage and prevent pests. The general objective is to likewise diminish the effects of various available pesticides on the environment and on nontarget creatures, besides the economic influence on bottom lines.

In patients whose embryo transfer has been previously canceled due to a thin endometrium, the injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) guided by hysteroscopy into the endomyometrial junction improves endometrial thickness and vascularity. This may well serve as a novel approach for the management of these patients. In this study, 32 patients aged between 27 and 39 years, suffering from primary or secondary infertility, were selected for hysteroscopic instillation of PRP. This cross-sectional study included a retrospective assessment of the improvement of endometrial thickness (&gt, 7 mm) on the commencement of progesterone treatment in 24 of 32 patients (75%) after hysteroscopy-guided injections of PRP into the subendometrial zone. After PRP instillation, the endometrium was 7 mm or thicker in 24 of 32 patients, and all 24 patients underwent frozen embryo transfer. Moreover, 12 of 24 patients who underwent embryo transfer conceived, whereas 10 had a clinical pregnancy with visualization of cardiac activity at 6 weeks and two had a biochemical pregnancy. Our approach of PRP injection into the subendometrial region is consistent with the histologically proven regeneration of the endometrium from the endomyometrial junction. We observed an improvement of endometrial thickness and higher pregnancy rates in cases of previously canceled embryo transfer due to a thin endometrium.

Progressive developments in industrial and agricultural activities are causing a critical stress on groundwater quality in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to assess and evaluate the contamination level of groundwater caused by leachate in 11 villages of the Gautam Budh Nagar district in Uttar Pradesh, India. We systematically sampled 22 groundwater samples and 13 leachate samples to ascertain the source of pollution on groundwater quality. The standard analytical methods given by the American Public Health Association (APHA) (Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 23rd edn. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington, 2017) were used for quantitative estimation of hydrochemical parameters of collected samples. The results of the analysis of groundwater samples indicate that pH values range from 7.31 to 8.97. The mean magnesium concentration in groundwater samples is 58.93 ± 21.44 mg/L. Out of the groundwater samples taken, approximately 41% and 73% of samples analysis results have been found beyond the acceptable limit with respect to the parameters of turbidity and total dissolved solids, respectively, according to the Bureau of Indian Standards (Indian standard specification for drinking water (IS:10500). BIS, Manak Bhawan, New Delhi, 2012) for drinking water. Around 95.4% of groundwater samples and 92.3% of leachate samples have high nitrate concentrations above the standard limit of BIS (45 mg/L), respectively. The Piper plot shows that 50% of the samples belong to the Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3− type. Ternary and Durov’s diagrams indicate that the mean concentrations of ions are in the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ (for cations) and HCO3−> NO3− > Cl− > SO42− > CO32− > F− (for anions) in groundwater of the study area. The spatial variation of the hydrochemical parameters shows that groundwater is heavily contaminated with respect to nitrate. Analytical results indicate that the groundwater of villages Achheja, Bisrakh road, Dujana, Badalpur and Sadopur is not suitable for drinking.

The main aim of this study was focused on modeling of simultaneous biosorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution using Kappaphycus striatum. The effect of process parameters (pH, biosorbent dosage, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, and time) on biosorptive efficiency was examined. The greatest removal efficiency of Pb2+ ions (97.82 %) and Cd2+ ions (86.73 %) was observed at pH 4 and 5, respectively. For simultaneous removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, the optimum values of process parameters were chosen as biosorbent dosage (1 g/L), pH (5.0), and temperature (30 °C). The equilibrium has been achieved at 60 min. The total removal percent was 45.77 % for total 350 mg/L Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions mixture. The single metal ion biosorption study was done to obtain the parameters which were required for multicomponent biosorption isotherms. For single metal ion system six isotherm models were fitted to experimental data. The best fitted isotherm model for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions was Fritz and Radke-Prausnitz, respectively. Six multicomponent isotherm models were analyzed to determine the best fitted isotherm model for multicomponent system by minimizing Average Relative Error function. For multicomponent biosorption system, extended Freundlich was found to be the best fitted model. In this study, the mutual effect of both metal ions on Kappaphycus striatum was antagonistic. The biosorption of both metal ions followed pseudo-second order kinetics which shows the chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic study confirmed the spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic nature of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions biosorption on Kappaphycus striatum.

Clothing, this is considered as the second skin of human’s play a very vital role in ours life especially for female. Appropriate clothes help to make one happy. The present study was done to compare the clothing behaviour and buying behaviour among teenagers (1319 years) and early adult (20-35 years) females of district Ghaziabad. To evaluate the effect of age and socio-economic status on clothing behaviour, buying behaviour and knowledge among the population of district Ghaziabad, total 500 subjects who were selected by stratified multistage random sampling technique from Modinagar and Ghaziabad. Majority of respondents were educated, unmarried belonged to nuclear family and from lower income group (LIG). LIG was found to be more concerned for cost than durability in selecting clothes used for different occasion. The data reflect some important aspects of clothing behaviour, buying behaviour and fashion awareness and knowledge, which can be used as guide line for manufacturer to meet the requirements of different ages from different socio-economic status.

Detection of helmeted and non-helmeted motorcyclist is mandatory now-a-days in order to ensure the safety of riders on the road. However, due to many constraints such as poor video quality, occlusion, illumination, and other varying factors it becomes very difficult to detect them accurately. In this paper, we introduce an approach for automatic detection of helmeted and non-helmeted motorcyclist using convolutional neural network (CNN). During the past several years, the advancements in deep learning models have drastically improved the performance of object detection. One such model is YOLOv2 [1] which combines both classification and object detection in a single architecture. Here, we use YOLOv2 at two different stages one after another in order to improve the helmet detection accuracy. At the first stage, YOLOv2 model is used to detect different objects in the test image. Since this model is trained on COCO dataset, it can detect all classes of the COCO dataset. In the proposed approach, we use detection of person class instead of motorcycle in order to increase the accuracy of helmet detection in the input image. The cropped images of detected persons are used as input to second YOLOv2 stage which was trained on our dataset of helmeted images. The non-helmeted images are processed further to extract license plate by using OpenALPR. In the proposed approach, we use two different datasets i.e., COCO and helmet datasets. We tested the potential of our approach on different helmeted and non-helmeted images. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better when compared to other existing approaches with 94.70% helmet detection accuracy.

Intramural pregnancy, an ectopic gestation completely surrounded by the myometrium located within the uterine wall with separation from the uterine cavity, is an extremely unusual form of pregnancy. Complications resulting from intramural pregnancy include inevitable uterine rupture with resultant hemorrhage and possible hysterectomy if the diagnosis is not made early and treatment is not initiated. A patient presented with missed abortion, suction curettage was done but no placental villi were seen in the products. She had a previous history of laparoscopic myomectomy 6 months ago. A provisional diagnosis of myometrial scar pregnancy was made and was confirmed with Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging. Laparoscopic enucleation of ectopic sac was done against medical management with methotrexate. The patient conceived successfully through intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male factor and delivered twins by lower (uterine) segment cesarean section at term. How to cite this article Agarwal M, Kashyap M, Meshram S. A Case of Laparoscopically Managed Myometrial Scar Ectopic Pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):28-31.

Background: Buffalo is the major source of animal protein in south-east Asia, including India; therefore, the presence of multiple drug resistance in Salmonella strains of buffalo meat and milk products is of immense public health concern. Methodology: Forty-six strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica belonging to eight serovars ( S. Anatum, 13; S. Weltevreden, 13; S. Rostock, 6; S. Typhimurium, 5; S. Gallinarum, 5; S. Stockholm, 1; S. Dublin, 1; and S. Orion, 2), isolated from buffalo meat and diseased buffaloes were studied for their antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid profile. Results: All except six strains of Salmonella had one or more plasmids. Virulence plasmid of ~35MdA was present in 39 isolates while 19 strains had one to six additional plasmids with molecular weight ranging from 1 Mda > 35 Mda. A plasmid-free S. Anatum strain was resistant to seven drugs including fluoroquinolones, while strains having six to seven plasmids were resistant to fewer antimicrobial drugs. One S . Anatum isolate, resistant to 11 antibiotics, had only one plasmid. Eight serovars of Salmonella could be divided into 28 resistotypes on the basis of antimicrobial sensitivity assay. Most strains were resistant to streptomycin (84.8%) followed by kanamycin (58.7%), gentamicin (52.2%), ampicillin (50%) and oxytetracycline (50%). Few strains were resistant to cefotaxime (2.2%), amoxycillin (2.2%) and newer fluoroquinolones (6.5%). Conclusion: Multiple drug resistance was common among Salmonella isolates of buffalo origin, particularly against aminoglycosides, oxytetracycin, ampicillin and cephalexin. Presence of plasmids is not mandatory for occurrence of multiple drug resistance in S. enterica strains.

We screened serum samples of 1024 goats slaughtered for chevon in Bareilly in Northern India for Salmonella antibodies with indirect ELISA, MAT-H (microagglutination test using flagellar antigens e, n, x and 1, 5) and MAT-O (microagglutination test using somatic antigens 4, 12 and 3, 10, 15). Salmonella antibodies were detected in 48, 8 and 40%, goats using Salmonella-cytotoxi-I ELISA, MAT 'H' and MAT 'O', respectively. After adjusting for test accuracy, the seroprevalence were highest for Salmonella-cytotoxi-I ELISA (46%) followed by agglutinins against 'O' 3, 10, 15 (15%) and negligible for other agglutinins. With all 5 tests, prevalence of Salmonella antibodies was significantly higher in females than in males. No significant difference was evident in prevalence of Salmonella antibodies to different antigens in different age groups of male goats except for e, n, x agglutinins that were significantly more prevalent in young adult (6-18 months) males than in adult (18 months of age) or young (or =6 months of age) goats. On the other hand, in females, prevalence of Salmonella-cytotoxin-I antibodies and e, n, x agglutinins differed significantly among three age groups, being the most prevalent in adult goats. As expected, the results of different tests had little or no correlation because the different tests targeted antibodies to different antigens.

Out of 204 slaughtered goats examined, 35(17.6%) yielded Salmonella. Salmonella could be isolated either from mesenteric lymph nodes (11) or from gall bladder (15) or from both of the organ (9) of the goats examined. A total of 60 Salmonella isolates included 34 from gall bladder (of 24 goats) and 26 from mesenteric lymph node (of 20 goats) samples. On serotyping, 29 isolates were found to be rough strains while 31 could be serotyped in to 17 serovars, viz. one each to S. Paratyphi B var Java, S. Altona, S. Weltevreden, S. Rovaniemi, S. Sarajane, S. Louga, S. I. 52: r: 1, 5; S. I. 1, 3, 19: r: z6; S. I. 3, 19: r: 1, 5; S. I. 28: b: e, n, x and S. I. 6, 7: r: Z6, two each to S. Chicago, S. Czernyring, S. Kirkee, and S. I. 3, 10: z6: -; five to S. Paratyphi B and seven to S. I. 28: b: 1, 2. Of these serovars, S. Czernyring, S. Louga, S. Rovaniemi, S. Kirkee, S. Sarajane, S. Altona have not been reported earlier from India. On the basis of drug resistance, the isolates could be classified into 40 resistotypes. All the isolates were sensitive to imipenem and chloramphenicol, while 70% were resistant to nitrofurantoin. Multiple drug resistance (resistant to >3 drugs) was evident in 51.67% isolates (31) while 13.3% (8) isolates were sensitive to all the drugs evaluated under the study.

The exotic cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) invaded India during 2006, and caused widespread infestation across all nine cotton growing states. P. solenopsis also infested weeds that aided its faster spread and increased severity across cotton fields. Two year survey carried out to document host plants of P. solenopsis between 2008 and 2010 revealed 27, 83, 59 and 108 weeds belonging to 8, 18, 10 and 32 families serving as alternate hosts at North, Central, South and All India cotton growing zones, respectively. Plant species of four families viz., Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Malvaceae and Lamiaceae constituted almost 50% of the weed hosts. While 39 weed species supported P. solenopsis multiplication during the cotton season, 37 were hosts during off season. Higher number of weeds as off season hosts (17) outnumbering cotton season (13) at Central over other zones indicated the strong carryover of the pest aided by weeds between two cotton seasons. Six, two and seven weed hosts had the extreme severity of Grade 4 during cotton, off and cotton + off seasons, respectively. Higher number of weed hosts of P. solenopsis were located at roadside: South (12)Central (8)North (3) zones. Commonality of weed hosts was higher between C+S zones, while no weed host was common between N+S zones. Paper furnishes the wide range of weed hosts of P. solenopsis, discusses their significance, and formulated general and specific cultural management strategies for nationwide implementation to prevent its outbreaks.

Plexiform schwannoma is a morphologically distinct and rare variant of schwannoma. It occurs most commonly in head and neck region and measures less than 2 cm in size. It is a benign tumor and malignant transformation has not been reported. We are presenting a case of plexiform schwannoma occurring on scalp and measuring 8cm in size because of its rarity and unusual size.

Haemolysin patterns of 175 strains of different Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars isolated from different animal sources and places were determined using 11 different blood agar media made with either non-washed horse/sheep erythrocytes or with washed erythrocytes of cattle, sheep, horse, goat, rabbit, guinea pig, and human A, O and B blood groups. Study on 47 strains belonging to 10 serovars of Salmonella from buffalo meat (buffen), 42 strains of 11 serovars from goat meat (chevon): 16 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B and 25 of S. enterica serovar Paratyphi B var Java from fish, meat, meat products and clinical cases; 45 isolates of S. Abortusequi from aborted mares (18), fetal contents (21), aborted donkey mares (2) and 4 reference strains, revealed that all host restricted Salmonella namely, S. enterica serovar Gallinarum, S. enterica serovar Anatum, S. enterica serovar Abortusequi and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi B could be divided into different haemolysin types based on their inability to produce haemolysis on one or more types of blood agar, while strains of all zoonotic Salmonella serovars induced haemolysis on all the 9 types of blood agar made of washed erythrocytes. None of 175 Salmonella could produce hemolytic colonies on blood agar made of non-washed horse/ sheep erythrocytes. Haemolysin type I (lysing all types of washed erythrocytes) was the commonest one among all serovars except S. Abortusequi, none of which lysed horse erythrocytes. Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusequi having hemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes were more invasive but had lesser ability to survive in sheep mononuclear cells than non-hemolytic strains. Multiplicity of haemolysins appeared significant epidemiological tool.