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This research offers an advanced investigation into the examination of squeezed flow and heat mass transfer mechanisms of non-Newtonian Carreau dissipative nanofluids across a sensor surface. This analysis takes into consideration both variable thermal conductivity and variable viscosity aspects. It is widely accepted that the phenomenon of viscous dissipation has a significant impact on both the temperature distribution and heat transfer characteristics within nanofluids. Hence, it is being considered here. The governing equations of the problem are formulated using the Carreau model for the non-Newtonian fluid for the nanofluid. The thermal conductivity of the sensor surface is assumed to vary linearly with the temperature. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the shooting method. The effects of various parameters such as suction parameter and magnetic parameter on the flow, the solutal characteristics, and thermal characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the slip parameter, the magnetic parameter, and the suction parameter have a significant effect on the flow and thermal fields. The heat transfer rate is improved by the squeezed flow index parameter and the Weissenberg number, but reduced by the power law index parameter and the Eckert number. Ultimately, the precision and reliability of the proposed approach are confirmed by benchmarking our data against previous findings. Understanding how variable viscosity impacts flow characteristics, heat transfer efficiency, and the performance of heat exchangers and cooling systems optimizes the design of nanofluids for efficient thermal systems in practical applications.

The growing fascination with nanofluid flow is motivated by its potential applications in a variety of industries. Therefore, the objective of this research article is to conduct a numerical simulation of the Darcy porous medium flow of Newtonian nanofluids over a vertically permeable stretched surface, considering magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection. Various attributes, such as the impacts of slip, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and nonuniform heat sources, are integrated to explore the behavior of the flow. The utilization of the boundary layer theory helps to describe the physical problem as a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). These derived PDEs are then converted to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the application of suitable conversions. The outcomes are obtained using the finite difference method, and the effects of parameters on nanofluid flow are compared and visualized through both tabular and graphical representations. The outcomes have been computed and subjected to a comparative analysis with previously published research, revealing a remarkable degree of agreement and consistency. Consequently, these innovative discoveries in heat transfer could prove beneficial in addressing energy storage challenges within the contemporary technological landscape. The noteworthy main findings indicate that when the porous parameter, magnetic number, velocity slip parameter, viscosity parameter, and Brownian motion parameter are assigned higher values, there is an observable expansion in the temperature field. Due to these discoveries, we can enhance the management of temperature in diverse settings by effectively modulating the heat flow.

In the current study, we delve into examining the movement of a nanofluid within a Williamson boundary layer, focusing on the analysis of heat and mass transfer (HMT) processes. This particular flow occurs over a sheet that undergoes nonlinear stretching. A significant facet of this investigation involves the incorporation of both the magnetic field and the influence of viscous dissipation within the model. The sheet is situated within a porous medium, and this medium conforms to the Darcy model. Since more precise outcomes are still required, the model assumes that both fluid conductivity and viscosity change with temperature. In this research, we encounter a system of extremely nonlinear ordinary differential equations that are treated through a numerical technique, specifically by employing the spectral collocation method. Graphical representations are used to illustrate how the relevant parameters impact the nanoparticle volume fraction, velocity, and temperature profiles. The study involves the computation and analysis of the effect of physical parameters on the local Sherwood number, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number. Specific significant findings emerging from the present study highlight that the rate of mass transfer is particularly influenced by the thermophoresis factor, porous parameter, and Williamson parameter, showing heightened effects, while conversely, the Brownian motion parameter demonstrates an opposing pattern. The results were computed and subjected to a comparison with earlier research, indicating a notable degree of conformity and accord.

This study investigates the complex dynamics of a viscoelastic fluid subjected to magneto-hydrodynamics over a stretching sheet, incorporating the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. This model is especially advantageous for explaining heat transfer in materials possessing significant thermal conductivity, where the conventional Fourier’s law might not be precise. The investigation revolves around evaluating how the thermal relaxation time affects the boundary layer and how both thermal radiation and viscous dissipation influence the thermal field. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to understanding the intricate behavior of such fluids in the presence of magnetic fields and non-Fourier heat conduction. The primary objective is to analyze the impact of viscoelasticity, magnetohydrodynamics, and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux on the flow and heat transfer characteristics over the stretching sheet. The research methodology involves the application of mathematical models and numerical techniques, particularly the use of the shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the sixth-order approximation and spectral collocation technique. The major conclusion of the study underscores the significant influence of viscoelasticity, magnetic field, and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux on the transport properties of the fluid, providing valuable insights for applications in various engineering and industrial contexts. Certain notable results arising from the current issue indicate that heat transfer is more pronounced for the viscoelastic factor and magnetic parameter, whereas the thermal relaxation parameter exhibits the opposite trend. In addition, the inclusion of the Cattaneo–Christov term enhances our comprehension of thermal behavior.

Abstract Background Intermittent fasting (IF) is a commonly used dietary practice that alternates between periods of unrestricted dietary consumption and abstinence from caloric intake. IF reduces caloric intake along with metabolic switch from utilization of glucose to fatty acids and ketones and resulting in reduction in adiposity and subsequently insulin resistance. Thus, it has been hypothesized that IF regimens can improve body composition in obese and overweight individuals. Aim To assess the effect of IF on lipid biokinetics in obese and overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients and methods Thirty overweight or obese T2D patients were recruited from the diabetes outpatient clinics at the Specialized Medical Hospital, Mansoura University. Patients were subjected to time restricted fasting for 16 h (from dawn to sunset) during Ramadan. Anthropometric data were measured for participants before and 3 weeks after Ramadan fasting. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, lipid profile, leptin, beta hydroxybutyrate (βHB) and high sensitive CRP levels were measured 1 week before and 3 weeks after Ramadan fasting. Results 30 diabetic patients were recruited with a mean age of 54.3 ± 7.2 years. 24 (80%) were females. Obesity was diagnosed in 27 cases (90%). The median diabetes duration was 10 years. The study showed a statistically significant decrease in post-fasting body weight (BW), Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) & hip circumference (HC). There was a statistically significant decrease of post-fasting low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Total cholesterol (TC), and leptin. The study also showed a statistically significant increase of post-fasting high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and βHB. No significant change was found in post-fasting levels of HbA1c, FPG, triglycerides (TG) or high sensitive CRP. Post-fasting leptin was positively correlated with post-fasting BW, BMI, WC, and HC. Post-fasting βHB was positively correlated with post-fasting TG, HbA1c, and LDL-C. Leptin levels change (pre vs post fasting) was positively correlated with the change in LDL-C levels. Conclusion IF reduced leptin and increased β-hydroxybutyrate levels. IF is an effective tool for losing weight and visceral fat and improving lipid profile in obese and overweight patients with T2D.

The aim of the present research is to discuss the numerical aspects of heat-mass transfer in power-law nanofluids on an stretched surface. In addition, the novelty in this research lies in its thorough exploration and incorporation of parameters such as viscous dissipation, slip velocity, and convective boundary conditions into the analysis. This distinguishes the study from previous work and underscores its originality. For non-Newtonian fluids, a power-law model is employed, while the nanofluid system associate the influences of thermophoresis and the Brownian motion. The fluid’s thermal conductivity is considered to change based on temperature, while the concentration of nanoparticles at the surface is maintained at a constant level. A heated fluid situated beneath the lower surface can act as a heat convection mechanism source. A process of similarity transformation is employed to simplify the equations related to the mass, momentum, thermal energy, and nanoparticle concentration into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are then treated numerically with the help of the shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the sixth order and the spectral collocation method. The proposed technique reduces the existing problem into a system of algebraic equations formulated as a constrained optimization challenge. Subsequently, the optimization technique is applied to determine the unknown coefficients of the series solution. Graphical representations depict the impacts of nanofluid parameters. A quantitative assessment is presented in a tabular format to illustrate a comparison with previously published results for specific scenarios, revealing a notable level of agreement.

Background: Type 2diabetes mellitus [T2DM] is a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Betatrophin is a novel circulating protein produced by the adipose tissue and the liver. It is a newly identified endocrine regulator associated with insulin resistance [IR], metabolism of lipid and glucose homeostasis. It increase under states of IR to increase the proliferation of β-cell and stimulate insulin secretion. The Aim of The Work: The study aim is to evaluate the serum betatrophin-levels in normal and in subjects with diabetes .To investigate the association of betatrophin with IR and other study parameters.Patients and Methods: Forty nine patients with T2DM [different ages and both sex] and forty healthy subjects [sex and age matched] as a control group were included in the study. Betatrophin was measured using Human Betatrophin ELISA Kit. Fasting blood glucose [FBG], lipid profile, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, albumin -creatinine ratio [ACR] and protein to creatinine ratio [PCR] in urine were assessed.Results: Betatrophin was higher in patients with diabetes than in the control group. In the group with diabetes, serum betatrophin level ranged from 18-25.5ng/l with a median value of 20, while in the control group betatrophin level ranged from 15-19 ng/l with a median value of 18 [P< 0.001]. Betatrophin at a cut off ≥ 19.5 ng/ml can discriminate patients with DM from non-DM participants [AUC=0.75, P

The problem of non-Newtonian Casson thin film flow of an electrically conducting fluid on a horizontal elastic sheet was studied using suitable dimensionless transformations on equations representing the problem. The thin film flow and heat mechanism coupled with mass transfer characteristics are basically governed by the slip velocity, magnetic field, and the dissipation phenomenon. The present numerical analysis by the shooting method was carried out to study the detailed, fully developed heat and mass transfer techniques in the laminar thin film layer by solving the competent controlling equations with eight dominant parameters for the thin liquid film. Additionally, the predicted drag force via skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were correlated. In view of the present study, a smaller magnetic parameter or a smaller slip velocity parameter exerts very good influence on the development of the liquid film thickness for the non-Newtonian Casson model. Furthermore, a boost in the parameter of unsteadiness causes an increase in both velocity distribution and concentration distribution in thin film layer while an increase in the same parameter causes a reduction in the film thickness. Likewise, the present results are observed to be in an excellent agreement with those offered previously by other authors. Finally, some of the physical parameters in this study, which can serve as improvement factors for heat mass transfer and thermophysical characteristics, make nanofluids premium candidates for important future engineering applications.

This experiment conducted using 20 Rahmani ewes at the last third of pregnancy in two equal groups. One group served as control, while the other group received Spirulina platensis (SP) at the rate of 0.5 gm 10 kg-1 live body weight. The objective was to find out the effect of adding Spirulina platensis algae to small ruminant rations on reproductive and productive traits and blood components of sheep. The experiments lasted for 120 days for both dams and their lambs after weaning. The findings proved that adding SP in ewes' diets had no effect on the average of live body weight change. Average milk yield was significantly (p

Human health and its improvement are the main target of several studies related to medical, agricultural and industrial sciences. The human health is the primary conclusion of many studies. The improving of human health may include supplying the people with enough and safe nutrients against malnutrition to fight against multiple diseases like COVID-19. Biofortification is a process by which the edible plants can be enriched with essential nutrients for human health against malnutrition. After the great success of biofortification approach in the human struggle against malnutrition, a new biotechnological tool in enriching the crops with essential nutrients in the form of nanoparticles to supplement human diet with balanced diet is called nano-biofortification. Nano biofortification can be achieved by applying the nano particles of essential nutrients (e.g., Cu, Fe, Se and Zn) foliar or their nano-fertilizers in soils or waters. Not all essential nutrients for human nutrition can be biofortified in the nano-form using all edible plants but there are several obstacles prevent this approach. These stumbling blocks are increased due to COVID-19 and its problems including the global trade, global breakdown between countries, and global crisis of food production. The main target of this review was to evaluate the nano-biofortification process and its using against malnutrition as a new approach in the era of COVID-19. This review also opens many questions, which are needed to be answered like is nano-biofortification a promising solution against malnutrition? Is COVID-19 will increase the global crisis of malnutrition? What is the best method of applied nano-nutrients to achieve nano-biofortification? What are the challenges of nano-biofortification during and post of the COVID-19?

Soil is a real treasure that humans cannot live without. Therefore, it is very important to sustain and conserve soils to guarantee food, fiber, fuel, and other human necessities. Healthy or high-quality soils that include adequate fertility, diverse ecosystems, and good physical properties are important to allow soil to produce healthy food in support of human health. When a soil suffers from degradation, the soil’s productivity decreases. Soil restoration refers to the reversal of degradational processes. This study is a pictorial review on the nano-restoration of soil to return its fertility. Restoring soil fertility for zero hunger and restoration of degraded soils are also discussed. Sustainable production of nanoparticles using plants and microbes is part of the process of soil nano-restoration. The nexus of nanoparticle–plant–microbe (NPM) is a crucial issue for soil fertility. This nexus itself has several internal interactions or relationships, which control the bioavailability of nutrients, agrochemicals, or pollutants for cultivated plants. The NPM nexus is also controlled by many factors that are related to soil fertility and its restoration. This is the first photographic review on nano-restoration to return and sustain soil fertility. However, several additional open questions need to be answered and will be discussed in this work.