Search

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is effective in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma and results in a unique toxicity profile, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. The hyper-inflammatory state associated with these toxicities has been suggested to increase the risk of thrombosis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) to assess the rate of thrombosis with axi-cel therapy from the time of CAR T-cell infusion until the end of hospitalization, when performed in the inpatient setting, or up to day +30 when performed in the outpatient setting. Ninety-two (95%) of 97 patients were hospitalized during axi-cel therapy and 85 (88%) developed CRS. Fifty-five patients (57%) received concurrent anticoagulation (53 as prophylaxis). Patients with prior VTE did not have progression or evidence of new VTE. Only 2 (2.1%) patients developed VTE. These results demonstrate a low-risk for thrombosis in axi-cel recipients.

This case illustrates an unusual presentation of paraneoplastic myositis in stage IV follicular lymphoma managed with high‐dose steroids, a previously unreported entity in the literature.

We present a case of a 46-year-old male with a history of biopsy-proven pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) who presented with shortness of breath and progressive neurologic decline. Neurologic examination suggested both posterior fossa and bilateral supratentorial dysfunction without papilledema and arterial blood gas revealed a respiratory alkalosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was suggestive of central nervous system (CNS)-LCH. The patient was diagnosed with central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) secondary to CNS-LCH. He was treated with intravenous morphine and lorazepam without improvement in his respiratory alkalosis. He received two doses of immunoglobulin and empiric chemotherapy with vinblastine and prednisone for the LCH. This case illustrates one of a few reported cases of CNH due to suspected CNS LCH.

Introduction In the unprecedented era of COVID-19, ongoing research and evolution of evidence has led to ever-changing guidelines for clinical monitoring and therapeutic options. Formulating treatment protocols requires the understanding and application of the evolving research. Objective The primary objective of this study is to present a systematic evidence-based approach to synthesize the necessary data in order to optimize the management of COVID-19. Methods At Mayo Clinic Florida, we developed a multidisciplinary centralized COVID Treatment Review Panel (TRP) of expert pulmonologists, intensivists, infectious disease specialists, anesthesiologists, hematologists, rheumatologists, and hospitalists that in real-time reviews the latest evidence in peer-reviewed journals, the available clinical trials, and help guide the rapid application of therapeutics or interventions to the patient and the bedside provider. Results/Conclusions The multi-disciplinary team approach of synthesizing clinical data and coordinating care is effective in responding to rapidly evolving and changing evidence. Systematic data collection and evidence-based treatment algorithms enable physicians to rapidly translate the current literature to clinical practice, and improve care and outcomes of patients.

Myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T) is characterized by anemia, ring sideroblast erythroid precursors, and persistent thrombocytosis. Case reports suggest lenalidomide may be effective in treating MDS/MPN-RS-T. We evaluated a large series of patients with MDS/MPN-RS-T to compare hematological improvement (HI) response rates among different drug therapies including lenalidomide. We identified 167 patients with MDS/MPN-RS-T. Among the patients tested, 84% had SF3B1 mutations and 43% had JAK2 V617F mutations. The median OS for the cohort was 81 months. Overall, 76 patients (46%) received erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), 47 patients (28%) received lenalidomide, and 45 patients (27%) received hypomethylating agents (HMAs). The HI rates were 58%, 53%, and 24%, respectively. The median duration of treatment was 11 months for lenalidomide compared to 6 months for HMAs. Rates of HI improvement were higher in patients with MDS/MPN-RS-T treated with ESAs or lenalidomide, in comparison to those treated with HMAs.

Objective/background Despite the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aNHL), some patients still fail treatment, and their prognosis is dismal. Methods We performed a retrospective study of aNHL patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at two Mayo Clinic centers between 2018 and 2020. We evaluated predictive factors, toxicities, and responses to salvage regimens after CAR T-cell therapy. Results Thirty-four patients received axi-cel with a median length of hospitalization of 14 days. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome of any grade occurred in 91% and 41% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, 71% of patients responded to therapy, with 53% achieving a complete response (CR). The CRS grade and absolute lymphocyte count at leukapheresis (ALCLeuk) correlated with CR and overall survival (OS), respectively. After a median follow-up of 6.8 months (interquartile range [IQR] 4.6–14.9), 15 patients (44%) showed progressive disease (PD). Most patients (60%) progressed during the first 3 months and had persistent CD19 tumor expression. Elevated C-reactive protein at baseline increased the risk of PD, whereas elevated ferritin increased PD and mortality risk. Twelve patients received salvage therapy, but only three responded. Median OS of relapsed/refractory patients to axi-cel was 3 months (IQR 1.3–5.1). Conclusion The grade of CRS and ALCLeuk correlated with better outcomes to axi-cel therapy. In addition, elevated inflammatory markers at baseline were associated with PD and shorter survival. Relapses after treatment frequently occur within months after axi-cel infusion; they confer a poor prognosis and create an urgent need for novel and effective treatment options in this patient population.

Introduction Hypoalbuminemia is a known adverse prognostic factor in lymphomas. Yet, it is unknown if Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (axi-cel) overcomes the adverse prognostic impact of hypoalbuminemia in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis across three Mayo Clinic centers to assess the relationship of hypoalbuminemia (defined as a serum albumin (SA) levels ≤ 3.5 g/dL) on outcomes of patients treated with axi-cel. Results This analysis included 81 patients. Two patients had no available SA levels preceding axi-cel infusion. Eighteen patients (22.8%) had hypoalbuminemia with a median SA of 3.3 g/dL. Patients with normal SA had a statistically higher ORR than those without hypoalbuminemia (p=0.018). There was no difference in 1-year PFS and OS between the group with hypoalbuminemia and the group with normal SA levels (48% vs 49%, p=0.81) and (74% vs 73%, p=0.97), respectively. There was no difference in the severity or median duration of cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity between the two groups. Conclusion Notwithstanding the limitations related to the relatively small sample size, axi-cel therapy appears to overcome the adverse effect of hypoalbuminemia on OS and PFS. Large multicenter clinical studies are certainly needed to validate these findings.

Objective/Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell is an effective therapy in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphomas that, due to its unique toxicities, often requires escalation of care to the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin are serum inflammatory markers associated with onset and persistence of CAR T-cell-related toxicity. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 34 patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) who were divided into two groups: patients requiring admission to the ICU during initial hospitalization (n = 13, 38%) and those who did not (n = 21, 62%). Primary objective was to examine possible relationships between serum ferritin and/or CRP levels with the need for, and length of, ICU stay between these groups. Results All 13 patients admitted to the ICU developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and 11 of them also developed neurotoxicity (NT). Of the 21 patients in the non-ICU group, 18 developed CRS and 5 patients developed NT. Grade of CRS and NT were higher in ICU versus non-ICU patients (p = .03 and .001, respectively). There was no correlation between CRP levels at time of ICU admission and length of ICU stay (correlation of 0.41, p = .17). Yet, there was an association between serum ferritin levels and length of ICU stay (R2 = 0.73) which did not reach statistical significance (correlation of 0.21, p = .49). Conclusion Notwithstanding the limitations of the small sample size, our study suggests that an elevated ferritin level at the time of escalation of medical care may be possibly indicative of anticipated prolonged ICU hospitalization in patients treated with axi-cel. A large multicenter study is certainly needed to confirm this observation.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel disease associated with a cytokine-mediated, severe, acute respiratory syndrome. Tocilizumab and lenzilumab are recombinant monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, respectively, and have been proposed as a potential treatment for acute, hypoxic respiratory failure associated with COVID-19. Results & methodology: We present the case of a 68-year-old man with COVID-19 who was initially treated with hydroxychloroquine and lenzilumab, but continued to develop hypoxemia, requiring an increase in respiratory support with an associated rise in serum inflammatory markers. He was subsequently treated with tocilizumab with marked clinical improvement and a decrease in acute phase reactants within 48 h. Discussion & conclusion: This case demonstrates the effective use of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19 and suggests the superiority of tocilizumab over lenzilumab in the management of this cytokine-mediated syndrome.

Interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) inhibitor, tocilizumab, has been effectively used in the treatment of cytokine release syndrome in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Here we present a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) who developed a steroid refractory, post-operative myelomonocytic leukemoid reaction (PO-MMLR), effectively treated with tocilizumab. Although, further studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of tocilizumab in management of PO-MMLR, this case serves to provide a new management approach in treatment of this rare but lethal syndrome with no standardized treatment options.

Background: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has changed the treatment landscape for patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Despite the excellent responses in relapsed or refractory (R/R) aggressive NHL (aNHL), the outcome of patients (pts) that fail CAR T-cell therapy remains poor, and there is not a clear path for management of their disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of aNHL pts treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at the Mayo Clinic campuses in Arizona and Florida between June 2018 and August 2020. We evaluated the predisposing factors, management, toxicities, and response after CAR T-cell therapy failure. Statistical calculations using parametric tests were performed, and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared statistically using the log-rank test and Pearson's correlation. Results: Thirty-four pts with aNHL received axi-cel. The median age was 53 years [IQR 42-63], and 62% were male. All pts received inpatient axi-cel infusions and the median length of hospital stay was 14 days (IQR: 11-17). Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) was observed in 91% of pts (3% grade ≥3), while Immune Effector Cell Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS) was observed in 41% (24% grade ≥3). At day 30 response assessment, 16 pts (47%) had complete responses (CR), 9 (26%) had a partial response (PR), 4 (12%) had stable disease (SD), 4 (12%) showed progression with primary refractory disease (PD) and 1 (3%) died before assessment due to grade 5 ICANS (Table 1). After a median follow-up of 178 days, we observed PD in 12 (35%) pts. The median time-to-progression was 72 days (IQR 58-93) and most of the pts (83%) progressed during the first 3 months. None of the patients with more than 5 months of sustained response developed progression of disease. The likelihood of progression during the first 6 months after axi-cel infusion was 19%, 57%, 50% for pts that initially achieved a CR, PR, SD, respectively. Expression of CD19 was observed in 66% (4/6) of pts with available biopsies after axi-cel suggesting a failure mechanism other than antigen escape. The mortality rate of the R/R aNHL group was 58% with a median survival time of 83 days (IQR: 50-109). There was no association between age, stage, number of previous therapies, time from previous therapy to axi-cel infusion, time from apheresis to infusion, use of tocilizumab, or steroids with progression of disease. Of note, no correlation between CRS or ICANS with progression of disease was found (2-way ANOVA test F (1, 4) = 3.802, p=0.1230). Maintaining a response to axi-cel treatment (CR, PR, or SD) for ≥ 3 months was a strong predictor of durable response with an HR of 0.05 (p= Eleven R/R pts received subsequent therapies with a median time to retreatment of 76 days. Those treatments included: Radiotherapy (n=7), pembrolizumab (n=3), polatuzumab-rituximab with (n=3) and without (n=1) bendamustine, obinutuzumab with (n=1) or without (n=1) lenalidomide, Hyper-CVAD (n=2), R-GemOx (n=1), rituximab with lenalidomide (n=1) and intrathecal methotrexate (n=1). Only 2 (17%) patients have responded to salvage therapy achieving PR (one patient treated with radiotherapy and the other with rituximab-lenalidomide after two other salvage therapies). Conclusion: Our experience demonstrates the majority of aNHL patients respond to axi-cel. If patients maintain their response for more than 3 months, the likelihood of progression is very low - 15%. Similar to what has been previously reported in the literature, our series showed that 35% of patients progressed after axi-cel, and subsequently have a poor prognosis with median survival after a relapse of only 83 days (IQR: 50-109). Therapy options following axi-cel were limited due to severe cytopenias, only 2 of 11 patients have responded to salvage therapy, suggesting that conventional treatments are probably not effective/safe in this high-risk group of patients. Interestingly, the majority of R/R pts with available biopsies showed persistent CD19 expression suggesting that CAR T-cell exhaustion, poor in vivo expansion, and inhibitory signals of the tumor microenvironment may contribute to resistance. Additional strategies for monitoring of axi-cel persistence and its immunophenotypic profile could be helpful for prognosis and management of CAR T-cell pts receiving axi-cel. Disclosures Kharfan-Dabaja: Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy. Castro:Fate Therapeutics: Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding.

Background Axi-cel is an autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy approved for treatment of CD19+ relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Axi-cel is associated with unique toxicities, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Our understanding of these toxicities continues to evolve and identification of predictive biomarkers is essential to optimize management strategies for such toxicities. Albumin is a known inflammatory marker; however, its relation to axi-cel toxicities remains unclear. We conduct this analysis to assess the significance of a decrease in serum albumin levels and its relation to ICANS. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients treated with axi-cel across the 3 Mayo Clinic campuses (Rochester, Jacksonville, and Phoenix) from 06/01/2018 until 06/01/2019. Albumin levels were collected at baseline (within 5 days prior to axi-cel infusion), time of CRS onset, time of ICANS onset and at Day +30. Results A total of 54 patients (male=39, 72%) with a median age of 53 (26-67) years received axi-cel during the study period. Median number of prior lines of therapy was 3 (2-8). Number of patients who developed ICANS was 33 (61%) patients; 4 patients did not have serum albumin levels available at all specified time points, therefore, 29 patients constituted the study cohort (patient characteristics are shown in Table 1, no statistically significant difference was noted between groups). Of patients who developed ICANS, 7 patients (24%) had low serum albumin ( Conclusions A decrease in serum albumin level appears to serve as a predictive marker of ICANS onset and a subsequent increase appears to herald its resolution. If validated in larger studies, use of serum albumin could potentially serve as a cost-effective method compared to more expensive currently used serum markers.

Background Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) is an autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy which is effective in relapsed/refractory (R/R) anti-CD19 B-cell leukemia and lymphomas. Axi-cel is associated with unique toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Management of these toxicities often requires ICU admission. Scoring systems have been developed to grade severity of these toxicities and help guide treatment escalation as needed; however, they provide little insight into duration of ICU stay. C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin are serum inflammatory markers associated with onset and persistence of CAR-T cell related toxicity. Here, we examine the relationship between these serum inflammatory markers and the duration of ICU stay in CAR-T Cell therapy recipients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients (pts) treated with axi-cel across two Mayo Clinic campuses (Jacksonville and Phoenix) from 06/01/2018 until 07/01/2019. Primary objective was to examine the relationship between serum ferritin and CRP levels with need for and length of ICU stay in axi-cel treated pts. Results Our study population consisted of 18 pts (11 males, 61%), median age of 51 (26-67) years. Nine were admitted to the ICU during their initial hospitalization. The median time from axi-cel infusion to ICU admission was 4 (2-8) days with a median ICU length of stay of 4 (2-24) days. All 9 admitted pts developed CRS: grade 1 (1), grade 2 (7), and grade 3 (1); 7 pts developed ICANS: grade 2 (1), grade 3 (1) and grade 4 (5). Eight of the 9 non-ICU pts developed CRS: grade 1 (5) and grade 2 (3). Three pts developed grade 1 ICANS. Grade of CRS and ICANS were higher in ICU pts vs non-ICU pts (p=0.01 and p=0.001, respectively). There was no correlation between the severity of CRS and length of ICU stay (correlation of 0.07, p=0.86) or severity of ICANS and length of ICU stay (correlation of 0.36, p=0.35). Initial median CRP level at infusion was higher in ICU vs. non-ICU pts (25.2 mg/L vs. 13.9 mg/L); however, this difference was not significant, p=0.38. Initial ferritin levels at infusion were over 2-fold higher, albeit not statistically significant, in ICU pts (837 mcg/L vs 387 mcg/L, p=0.21). The median CRP at the time of ICU admission was 54.1 mg/L (3.2-341) mg/L. There was no significant correlation between CRP levels at time of ICU admission and length of ICU stay (correlation of 0.067, p = 0.86). The median ferritin level at the time of ICU admission was 2010mcg/L (344-10943). There was a strong direct correlation between serum ferritin levels and length of ICU stay (correlation of 0.93, p = 0.0003). Conclusions This study showed that an elevated ferritin level at the time of escalation of medical care may be indicative of anticipated prolonged ICU hospitalization in axi-cel recipients.

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients is associated with poor outcomes and often arises from antecedent hematologic disorders (AHD), classified as secondary AML (sAML). Patients and Methods To validate the use of somatic mutations to determine AML ontogeny in the elderly population, we identified 178 elderly (> 70 years) patients with AML with NexGen Sequencing data. Patients were divided clinically into primary AML (pAML) or sAML based on prior history of AHD. Patients were then reclassified into 4 groups based on somatic mutations and cytogenetics as suggested by Lindsley et al: group 1 (pAML) with CBF rearrangements, 11q23/MLL, and NPM1 mutation (MT); group 2 (sAML) with SRSF2, SF3B1, U2AF1, ZRSR2, ASXL1, EZH2, BCOR, or STAG2 MT; group 3 with TP53 MT; and group 4 as not otherwise specified (NOS). Results Based on clinical criteria, 95 patients were classified as pAML and 82 patients as sAML. Based on the AML ontogeny proposed, 8 patients were classified as pAML, 72 patients as sAML, 28 patients had TP53 MT, and 70 patients were classified as NOS. The median overall survival was 22.4,14, 2.8, and 11.2 months, respectively. Clinical versus molecular classification was discordant where 25% (n = 2) of patients classified as pAML by molecular signature had a history of AHD, whereas 44% (n = 32) of patients classified molecularly as sAML had no prior AHD. In the TP53 MT and NOS categories, 37% (n = 28) and 43% (n = 70) of patients had AHD, respectively. Conclusion Our data shows that molecular annotation of elderly patients with AML reclassifies a significant proportion of patients as sAML, which may have therapeutic implications.

Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF), a poor prognostic factor in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in the context of new risk stratifications of MDS has not been fully explored. We examined the relationship between BMF in MDS and survival outcomes, and explored the landscape of somatic gene mutations in the setting of BMF.We retrospectively evaluated 2624 MDS patients for BMF who were divided into 2 groups: grade 0-2 BMF (96%) and severe/grade 3 BMF (4%) based on analysis presented. Commonly MDS tested acquired somatic mutations were also compared between those 2 groups of patients with available next-generation sequencing data.Only grade 3 BMF was associated with worse overall survival independent from the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) (hazard ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.9; P .005). More patients with severe BMF were classified as MDS-EB1 and -EB2 by the World Health Organization 2016 classification, a higher-risk International Prognostic Scoring System score, and a high/very high IPSS-R risk category than patients with grade 0-2 BMF. A complex karyotype, higher bone marrow myeloblasts, lower platelets, and higher rate of elevated lactate dehydrogenase were observed more often in patients with severe BMF. No differences in response to hypomethylating agents or lenalidomide were observed. Among somatic gene mutations tested in MDS, TP53 mutation and SETBP1 were more frequent in patients with grade 3 BMF.The presence of grade 3 BMF is associated with reduced overall survival independent from IPSS-R; however, BMF grade did not affect response to hypomethylating agent or lenalidomide treatment. TP53 and SETBP1 mutations occurred with greater frequency among patients with severe fibrosis.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) is usually diagnosed based on the presence of immature lymphoid marker terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), and T-cell specific markers, specifically CD3, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on bone marrow and/or extramedullary tissue. We present a novel, TdT and CD3 negative, aggressive early T-cell precursor LBL (ETP-LBL) initially misdiagnosed as a high grade B-cell lymphoma due to expression of CD79a and the erroneous detection of BCL2/IGH fusion. The patient was eventually evaluated using molecular diagnostic techniques, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next generation sequencing (NGS) assays that demonstrated PICALM-MLLT10 fusion and a NOTCH1 mutation in the absence of BCL2/IGH fusion. The use of NGS, specifically mate-pair sequencing (MPseq), subsequently confirmed an in-frame PICALM-MLLT10 fusion. Our retrospective analysis showed that PICALM-MLLT10 fusion has no association with CD3/TdT negativity, as 6/49 T-ALL/LBL cases from Mayo Clinic database (01/1998-09/2018), including this case, were noted to have PICALM-MLLT10 fusion; however, none of the other cases were associated with CD3/TdT negativity. We emphasize the importance of a comprehensive hematopathologic evaluation including multiple molecular studies for the appropriate interrogation and classification of a difficult acute leukemia diagnosis, and to prevent potential diagnostic errors of clinical significance.

The purpose of this research study is to identify if there are physiological response patterns associated with self-reported sensory over-responsiveness (SOR) in typical adults. SOR is the most common sensory modulation disorder and negatively affects the daily experiences of those that report SOR. The first phase of the study consisted of phone interviews where participants were screened for any potential characteristics that could affect physiological function. Then, the SRQ and AASP were used in conjunction to identify low and high SOR, typical adults. The last phase utilized the Sensory Challenge Protocol, which is both standardized and randomized, to expose participants to auditory, olfactory and tactile stimuli while collecting electrodermal response (EDR) data. This research has three major findings. First, EDR differences between high and low SOR groups are not significant, however, the high SOR group had generally higher EDR for almost all stimuli. Second, there was a strong correlation for inter- stimuli EDR, informing us that each individual has a general response style to stimuli regardless of their self-report. Lastly, there is no correlation between self-reported SOR and EDR. It is hypothesized that self-reported SOR is shaped by habituation, coping skills and varying life experiences. EDR can help support the experiences of those with high SOR, however it is not sensitive enough for diagnostic/clinical purposes. Additionally, when an individual has sensitivity in one area, there is likely sensitivity in other sensory areas as well but may be masked by coping skills, habituation or modulation.

e24082 Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is associated with significant short- and long-term sequelae that affect patients’ overall quality of life (QoL) and their physical and psychological well-being. Studies have shown improvement in patient QoL and physician satisfaction with palliative care involvement in the allo-HCT process. However, patient and physician perceptions regarding palliative care often impact timely referral. We conducted a prospective study to examine patient perceptions of palliative care both before and after palliative care consultation during evaluation for allo-HCT. Methods: This is a prospective, single-center study, of patients > 18 years of age, who were referred for a palliative care consultation as part of standard evaluation for allo-HCT. Patients were administered a pre- and post-visit internally derived questionnaire to assess their understanding and comfort level with palliative care. The primary objective of this study was to examine patient perceptions of palliative care consultation during evaluation for allo-HCT. Primary end point was the change in patient pre- and post- questionnaire responses. Secondary endpoint was the completion of advance care planning documentation pre- and post- consultation. Results: We enrolled 32 patients (male = 14) undergoing evaluation for allo-HCT with a primary diagnosis of AML (n = 8), NHL (n = 8), MDS (n = 7), ALL (n = 2), and other (n = 7). Following consultation with palliative care there was a statistically significant increase in patient understanding of the reason for the appointment, p = 0.0006. There was also a significant increase in patient’s knowledge of palliative care, with only 28% describing their knowledge as “good” or “excellent” prior to consultation and 79.3% after consultation, p < 0.0001. There was an observed positive, non-statistically significant, trend in patient comfort level with palliative medicine with only 20.7% (n = 6) describing their comfort as “high” or “very high” prior to consultation and 51.7% (n = 15) after consultation, p = 0.60. There was a higher rate of completion of advance care planning documentation following consultation with palliative medicine 56.3% vs 71.4%, p = 0.042. Conclusions: Palliative care consultation prior to allo-HCT increases a patient’s understanding of the role of palliative medicine as part of their allo-HCT and improves advance care planning. These findings need to be validated in a larger, multicenter, patient cohort.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T) is a provisional entity included in the MDS/MPN overlap syndromes with features of refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS) and thrombocytosis (platelet count uf0b3 450 x 10/L). Individual case reports suggested lenalidomide may be effective in treating RARS-T. In non-del 5q, low-risk MDS, 25% of patients (pts) became red blood cell transfusion independent (RBC-TI). In the phase II study, 35% of pts with RARS treated with lenalidomide achieved RBC-TI. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate a series of pts with RARS-T and compare HI responses among different treatment options. METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center study. Utilizing the MDS Database at Moffitt Cancer Center, we identified pts with RARS-T. The primary endpoint was HI using international working group criteria (IWG) 2006. The median overall survival (OS) was calculated from time of diagnosis.RESULTS: We identified 33 pts with RARS-T. The median OS was 90mo (95% CI 47-134). The rate of AML transformation was 3% (one pt only). Among the 33 pts, 8 pts had no treatment (observation only), 22 pts (67%) received erythroid stimulating agent (ESA) prior to any active therapy, 2 pts received lenalidomide with no prior ESA, and 1 pt ruxolitinib with no prior ESA. Twelve pts (36%) received lenalidomide (7 as first line active therapy after ESA and 2 without prior ESA exposure) and 13 pts (33%) received azacitidine (6 as first line active therapy after ESA).The HI rate for ESA was 36% (12/22) with a median duration of ESA treatment of 33mo. The HI rate for lenalidomide was 50% (6/12) with a median duration of lenalidomide treatment of 10.3mo. Among the 9 pts who received lenalidomide as first line active therapy (2 pts without prior ESA exposure) HI rate was 56%. The HI rate for azacitidine was 15% (2/13) with a median duration of azacitidine treatment of 6.3mo.CONCLUSIONS: Pts with RARS-T had favorable outcome with long overall survival and low rate of AML transformation while azacitidine HI were lower than expected. Lenalidomide is an effective treatment option for RARS-T.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), an anti-CD19 CAR-T not only targets the malignant B-cell, but can potentially also target and eliminate normal B-cells. This can interfere with the normal B-cell repertoire, compromising host humoral immunity such as decreased titers of common vaccines (DTaP, MMR). To assess if this was a clinically significant problem, we evaluated all recipients of axi-cel at our center between 6/2018 through 7/2019. Patients and methods: For patients who received commercial axi-cel, humoral immunity was evaluated both quantitatively [absolute lymphocyte count (ALC)] as well as qualitatively by serology titers [IgG antibodies (Abs)] for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, and rubella, and total Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Data was collected within 30 days prior to CAR-T infusion, then at day +30 and between days +60 and +100 after CAR-T infusion. Results: We identified 10 patients (males = 5, 50%), with a median age of 49.9 years (range 30-65) who received commercial axi-cel during the study period. Patient characteristics and indications for CAR-T therapy are shown in Table 1; the cohort represented a heavily pre-treated aggressive B-cell lymphoma patient population. Baseline information on antibody (Ab) titers was available in 8 patients. At baseline, all patients had positive tetanus IgG Abs (≥0.01 IU/mL), 7 had positive diphtheria IgG Abs (≥0.01 IU/mL), 6 had positive measles IgG Abs (≥ 1.1 AI), 5 had positive rubella IgG Abs (≥ 1.0 AI), 3 had positive mumps IgG Abs (≥ 1.1 AI). None of the patients had a positive pertussis IgG Abs (≥100 IU/mL). At follow-up, all patients with positive Ab at baseline maintained titers in the positive range at day +30 and between days +60 and +100 (Figure 1). None of the patients demonstrated a clinically meaningful decrease in Abs titers, despite a drop in ALC and IgG levels (table 2). Conclusions: Albeit a small sample size, IgG Ab titers for diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps, and rubella did not appear to be affected by axi-cel at a short interval follow-up after infusion (up to day +100). We plan to extend this analysis in a larger cohort with a longer-term prospective follow-up to validate our findings, especially in light of dropping absolute lymphocyte counts and IgG levels. Disclosures Ailawadhi: Celgene: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cellectar: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Foran:Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding. Tun:Celgene: Research Funding; Curis: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; Mundi-pharma: Research Funding; DTRM Biopharma: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding. Chanan-Khan:Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Jansen: Research Funding; Mayo Clinic: Employment; Ascentage: Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Xencor: Research Funding. Kharfan-Dabaja:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy.

BACKGROUND: Axi-cel is an autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy that is approved for treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma and is associated with high response rates and durable remissions. Recent data show that axi-cel is effective across various adverse prognostic features, namely cell of origin, disease bulkiness, and extranodal disease, among others. Hypoalbuminemia is a known adverse prognostic factor in lymphomas. It is unknown if axi-cel overcomes the adverse prognostic feature of hypoalbuminemia in R/R large B-cell or transformed follicular lymphoma. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated with axi-cel across three Mayo Clinic campuses (Rochester, Jacksonville, and Phoenix) from 06/01/2018 until 04/01/2019. The primary objective of this analysis was to assess the impact of hypoalbuminemia (defined at day 0, prior to infusion) on outcome after axi-cel therapy. RESULTS: A total of 50 (male=37, 74%) patients (pts), median age of 53 (26-67) years received axi-cel. The median number of prior lines of therapy was 3 (2-8) (Table 1). Two pts had no available serum albumin levels at time of axi-cel infusion. Seven (15%) of 48 pts had serum albumin levels lower than 3.5 g/dL (median= 3.3 g/dL (range 2.6-3.4)) and the median follow up of survivors was 7.6 (1.9-14.3) months. The best overall response rate (ORR) and complete remission (CR) rates in these pts were 57% and 57%, respectively. One (14%) patient had stable disease and 2 (29%) had disease progression. The median overall survival (OS) for pts with hypoalbuminemia was not reached. On the other hand, 41 (85%) pts had a normal serum albumin level (median=4.0 (range 3.5-5.1) g/dL) and the median follow up for survivors was 6.3 months. The best objective response rate (ORR) and complete remission (CR) rates in these pts were 82% and 44%, respectively. The median OS for pts with normal serum albumin was 14 (95%CI=6.3-29.6) months. There was no significant difference at 6-months and 1-year OS between pts with hypoalbuminemia vs. those with normal baseline serum albumin levels [6-month=100% vs. 79%(95%CI=64-93%); 1-year (100% vs. 54% (95%CI=26-82%), p=0.17] (Figure 1). All grades cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was diagnosed in all 7 pts with hypoalbuminemia (100%) and in 38 of 41 (92%) pts without hypoalbuminemia. There was no difference in the median duration of CRS between pts with or without hypoalbuminemia [6 (range 1-11) days vs 5 (range 1-19) days, p=0.89]. Neurotoxicity (all grades) was observed in 5 (71%) pts with hypoalbuminemia compared 26 (63%) with normal albumin levels. There was no statistically significant difference in median duration of neurotoxicity between pts with hypoalbuminemia and those with normal baseline albumin levels [9 (range 1-10) days vs. 3 (range 0-25) days, p= 0.72]. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoalbuminemia does not have a significant impact on the outcomes of axi-cel therapy, including the incidence of CRS or neurotoxicity. These results need to be validated in a large collaborative multicenter study. Further investigation is needed to assess the prognostic impact of severe hypoalbuminemia ( Disclosures Ansell: Mayo Clinic Rochester: Employment; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Mayo Clinic Rochester: Employment; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Mayo Clinic Rochester: Employment; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Mayo Clinic Rochester: Employment; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Mayo Clinic Rochester: Employment; Mayo Clinic Rochester: Employment; Affimed: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Mayo Clinic Rochester: Employment; Trillium: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Mayo Clinic Rochester: Employment; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Mayo Clinic Rochester: Employment; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; LAM Therapeutics: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Regeneron: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding. Bennani:Seattle Genetics: Other: Advisory board; Kite Pharma: Other: Advisory board; Seattle Genetics: Other: Advisory board; Adicet Bio: Other: Advisory board; Seattle Genetics: Other: Advisory board; Purdue Pharma: Other: Advisory board; Adicet Bio: Other: Advisory board; Purdue Pharma: Other: Advisory board; Purdue Pharma: Other: Advisory board; Adicet Bio: Other: Advisory board; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Other: Advisory board; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Other: Advisory board. Paludo:Verily Life Sciences: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Verily Life Sciences: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Tun:DTRM Biopharma: Research Funding; Mundi-pharma: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Curis: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding. Foran:Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding. Kharfan-Dabaja:Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy.

Background Women who have undergone prior augmentation mammoplasty represent a unique subset of breast cancer patients with several options available for breast reconstruction. We performed a single institution review of surgical outcomes of breast reconstruction performed in patients with breast cancer with prior history of subpectoral breast augmentation. Methods Institutional review board-approved retrospective review was conducted among patients with previously mentioned criteria treated at our institution between 2000 and 2014. Reconstructions were grouped into 2 categories as follows: (1) removal of preexisting subpectoral implant during mastectomy with immediate tissue expander placement and (2) implant-sparing mastectomy followed by delayed exchange to a larger implant. We reviewed demographics, tumor features, and reconstruction outcomes of these groups. Results Fifty-three patients had preexisting subpectoral implants. Of the 63 breast reconstructions performed, 18 (28.6%) had immediate tissue expander placed and 45 (71.4%) had implant-sparing mastectomy followed by delayed implant exchange. The groups were comparable based on age, body mass index, cancer type, tumor grade, TNM stage at presentation, and hormonal receptor status. No significant difference was noted between tumor margins or subsequent recurrence, mastectomy specimen weight, removed implant volume, volume of implant placed during reconstruction, or time from mastectomy to final implant placement. Rates of complications were significantly higher in the tissue expander group compared to the implant-sparing mastectomy group 7 (38.9%) versus 4 (8.9%) (P = 0.005). Conclusions Implant-sparing mastectomy with delayed implant exchange in patients with preexisting subpectoral implants is safe and has fewer complications compared to tissue expander placement. There was no difference noted in the final volume of implant placed, time interval for final implant placement, or tumor margins.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T) is a provisional entity included in the MDS/MPN overlap syndromes, with features of refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS) and thrombocytosis (platelet count ³ 450 x 10/L), recently renamed MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis. Management of RARS-T is extrapolated from MDS and MPN treatment options namely for alleviating symptoms of anemia and, occasionally, for thrombocytosis. Individual case reports have suggested that lenalidomide may be effective in treating RARS-T. In non-del 5q, low-risk MDS, 25% of patients (pts) became red blood cell transfusion independent (RBC-TI). In the phase II study of lenalidomide in non-del 5q lower risk MDS, 35% of pts with RARS treated with lenalidomide achieved RBC-TI. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate a series of pts with RARS-T and compare hematological improvement (HI) responses among different treatment options. METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center study. Patients with RARS-T were identified from the MDS Database at Moffitt Cancer Center. Samples for somatic mutation testing were obtained at time of referral. Descriptive statistics were used to describe baseline characteristics and response rates to treatment. The primary endpoint was HI using international working group criteria (IWG) 2006. The median overall survival (OS) was calculated from time of diagnosis. RESULTS: We identified 33 pts with RARS-T. The mean age was 67 years (38-80), 15 pts were male (45.5%), and majority were Caucasians (n=27, 82%). According to international prognostic scoring system (IPSS), 24 patients (73%) were low risk and 9 pts (27%) were int-1 risk. By revised IPSS, 11 pts (33%), 18 (55%), 3 (9%), and 1 (3%) were very low, low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively. The mean WBC was 7.7 (2.8-25.7), the mean Hemoglobin was 9.9 g/dl (7.3-12.4), and the mean platelet count was 682 (372-1644). Among 20 pts who had Next generation sequencing for somatic mutations at time of referral, 19 pts (95%) had SF3B1 mutation and 4 pts (20%) had JAK-2 V617 F mutation. The median OS was 90 mo (95% CI 47-134). For pts with JAK-2 V617F mutations, the median OS was 110 mo versus 74 mo for those with wild type (p=0.24). The rate of AML transformation was 3% (one patient only). Among the 33 pts, 8 pts had no treatment (observation only), 22 pts (67%) received erythroid stimulating agent (ESA) prior to any active therapy, 2 patients received lenalidomide with no prior ESA, and 1 pt ruxolitinib with no prior ESA. Twelve pts (36%) received lenalidomide (7 as first line active therapy after ESA and 2 without prior ESA exposure) and 13 pts (33%) received azacitidine (6 as first line active therapy after ESA). The HI rate for ESA was 36% (12/22) with a median duration of ESA treatment of 33mo. The HI rate for lenalidomide was 50% (6/12) with a median duration of lenalidomide treatment of 10.3mo. Among the 9 pts who received lenalidomide as first line active therapy (2 pts without prior ESA exposure) HI rate was 56%. The HI rate for azacitidine was 15% (2/13) with a median duration of azacitidine treatment of 6.3mo. CONCLUSIONS: Pts with RARS-T had favorable outcomes, with long overall survival and a low rate of AML transformation. Rates of hematological improvement with the use of azacitidine were lower than expected. Lenalidomide is an effective treatment option and should be considered when treating patients with RARS-T. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Sallman: Celgene: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. List:Celgene: Research Funding. Komrokji:Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.

Background Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) is observed in 10-20% of patients diagnosed with MDS. A study conducted at the University of Pavia, Italy evaluated 180 cases of MDS with varying grades of BMF and found that the presence of grade 2-3 BMF in MDS (graded by European classification) was associated with worse outcomes, especially in patients with lower risk MDS, however there remains little data pertaining to the treatment and outcomes in the MDS-F patient population. The primary objective of this study is to examine a large MDS patient population to further determine the relationship between BMF and survival outcomes in the context of new risk stratification models. Methods All bone marrow aspirate and biopsy reports, obtained at the time of diagnosis or prior to any therapy, in the Moffitt Cancer Center MDS database were reviewed and the degree of BMF was determined using the European classification system. Patients with less than 5% myeloblasts and grade 2 or 3 BMF were identified and these bone marrow aspirate and biopsies were reviewed by two hematopathologists (LZ and JMB) to confirm the grade of fibrosis reported. Patients were then divided into two groups: grade 0-2 BMF and severe BMF (grade 3). These two groups were compared to evaluate differences in clinical characteristics, response to treatment and survival. NexGen sequencing was available for 251 patients and distribution of acquired somatic mutations were compared between grade 0-2 BMF and grade 3 BMF. Results There were 2357 cases included in this analysis of which 2237 (95%) were determined to have grade 0-2 BMF and 120 (5 %) to have grade 3 BMF. Table-1 summarizes baseline characteristics. There was no statistical difference in age at diagnosis, gender, or race. A greater percentage of patients with severe BMF (39%) met the criteria for poor/very poor IPSS-R score category than patients with grade 0-2 BMF (29%), p = 0.011. Complex karyotype was observed more frequently among patients with severe fibrosis (23% versus 15%, p = 0.031). Patients with severe BMF also had a higher incidence of elevated LDH (51%) than patients with grade 0-2 BMF (33%), P < 0.005. The median overall survival (OS) was 38.7 months (mo) for grade 0-2 BMF and 23.1mo for grade 3 BMF, p < 0.005. When examined by revised IPSS (R-IPSS), severe BMF only impacted OS among the lower risk group. The median OS in patients with very low/low R-IPSS risk was 47mo in patients with severe BMF compared to 77 for those with grade 0-2 BMF, p = 0.015. In multivariable analysis, adjusting for age and R-IPSS, severe BMF was independently associated with inferior OS (HR 1.7, P 0.01). The rate of AML transformation was 28% in both the severe and grade 0-2 BMF groups, p = 0.98. Eighty patients with severe BMF were treated with hypomethylating agents (HMA). The overall response, by IWG 2006 criteria, of HI or better was 30% among patients with severe BMF compared to 32% of patients with grade 0-2 BMF, p 0.4. Among patients with severe BMF treated with lenalidomide (n=30), 25% of patients had HI response compared to 16% in patients with grade 0-2 BMF, p 0.9. The median OS for the 100 patients with severe BMF who did not undergo allogenic SCT was 23mo compared to 30mo for the 19 patients with severe BMF who did undergo allogenic SCT, p 0.29 Among somatic gene mutations, SF3B1 mutation was observed in 14% of grade 0-2 and 0% of grade 3 fibrosis. However, SRSF2 was present in 35.7% of patients with grade 3 fibrosis and only 9.7% of patients with grade 0-2 BMF, p .009. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of occurrence of TP53 and RUNX1 mutations between the grade 0-2 BMF and the grade 3 BMF groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in the rate of occurrence of JAK2 mutation across the two groups. (table-2) Conclusions In our MDS cohort, only the presence of severe BMF (grade 3) was associated with worse outcome with reduced overall survival namely among patients with very low/low R-IPSS disease, whereas BMF grade did not impact response to HMA or lenalidomide treatment. SRSF2 gene mutation occurred with greater frequency among patients with severe fibrosis. Table 1 Baseline characteristics Table 1. Baseline characteristics Table 2 Acquired Somatic Mutations Table 2. Acquired Somatic Mutations Disclosures Sweet: Incyte Corporation: Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Research Funding. Bennett:Celgne: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Komrokji:Incyte: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Boehringer-Ingelheim: Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

Background Little is known about racial disparities amongst patients with MDS. The incidence of MDS is higher in Caucasians, who represent the majority of patients included on clinical trials. We explored the differences in disease features and outcomes between Caucasians, African Americans (AA), and Hispanics. Methods Using our MDS database, patients with a diagnosis of MDS were identified and categorized into the aforementioned racial groups. We compared baseline characteristics, risk stratification, treatment, and overall survival (OS). Data on recurrent somatic mutations (SM) by next generation sequencing was available for 349 patients and compared between the groups. Results Among 2538 MDS patients, 63 (2%) patients were AA and 107 (4%) were Hispanic. Table-1 summarizes baseline characteristics. In Hispanic patients, 42% were A higher percentage of Hispanic patients underwent allogenic stem cell transplant (33% versus 13% in Caucasian and 10% in AA) (p= The median OS was 37, 30, and 47 months (mo) among Caucasian, AA, Hispanic (p=0.022). Among patients with low/int-1 risk IPSS, the median OS was 55, 45, and 81 mo respectively (p=0.1), and among int-2/high risk IPSS, the median OS was 17, 17, 26 mo respectively (p=0.1). There was no difference in the rate of AML transformation. Data on 349 patients who had recurrent somatic mutation (326 Caucasian, 8 AA, and 15 Hispanic) were reviewed. The most common somatic mutations in Caucasian patients were TET-2 30%, ASXL-1 18%, SF3B1 14%, DNMT3A 14%, SRSF2 11% and p53 11%. In AA, the most common SM were IDH1 25%, EZH2 25%, DNMT3A, ASXL-1, TP53, ETV6, NRAS, in13% each. The most common SM in Hispanic patients were SRSF2 20%, RUNX-1 20%, TET-2, IDH-2, UA2F1, ASXL-1 and p53 in 13% for each. No splicing mutation or TET-2 was observed among AA patients. There was a higher trend for IDH-1 mutation among AA (25%) vs 6% in Caucasian and none in Hispanic (p=.07). Conclusion We observed differences in several baseline characteristics between races. Hispanic patients were younger, had more therapy related MDS and thrombocytopenia. AA patients had higher serum EPO levels and decreased response to ESAs. Hispanic patients had better overall survival, especially in lower risk disease. Preliminary data suggests potential racial differences in recurrent somatic mutations observed in MDS. Table 1 Baseline characteristics Table 1. Baseline characteristics Table 2 Recurrent somatic mutations Table 2. Recurrent somatic mutations Disclosures Sweet: Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Ariad: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Incyte Corporation: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Research Funding. Komrokji:Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

Background: Approximately 60 - 80% of AML patients achieve a complete remission [CR] with one or two cycles of induction chemotherapy, leaving many patients with refractory AML [PIF]. Unfortunately, the majority of patients in CR1 ultimately relapse. With salvage therapy, only 30-50% achieve CR2. Those with PIF or relapsed AML have shortened survival and few therapeutic options. Risk stratification is primarily based on karyotype, however other factors including age, initial white blood cell count, secondary AML and mutational status are also utilized to determine prognosis. HCT is an effective option for treatment of AML with intermediate/high risk features in CR1. It has also been utilized in refractory or relapsed disease. Advances in HCT over the last decade have improved overall survival (OS) and extended this option to older patients. Our aim is to characterize outcomes after HCT for AML patients who are not in CR1. Methods: We analyzed 136 AML patients who were not in CR1 at the time of HCT from 2004 - 2013. The conditioning regimen was fludarabine and myeloablative doses of PK targeted busulfan. IWG AML response criteria were used to define disease status at the time of transplant. Cytogenetic risk was based on the NCCN AML guidelines. OS is defined as the time from HCT until the time of death from any cause. Disease free survival (DFS) is defined as the time from HCT to the time of relapse or death from any cause. Results: Disease status consisted of 74 (54.4%) in CR2, 6 (4.4%) in CR3 or beyond, 27 (18.9%) were PIF, 21 (15.4%) with relapsed AML (REL) that was treated but still present at time of transplant, and 8 (5.7%) who received either no treatment or a hypomethylating agent (HMA). Median age was 52.0 (21.8 - 72.5) years, and 80 (59%) were male. Time from most recent treatment to HCT was < 1 month in 8 (5.8%), 1-3 months in 75 (55.8%), >3 months in 50 (36.8%) and not applicable in 3. Ninety-six (70.6%) had de novo AML, while 40 (29.4%) had secondary AML. Cytogenetic risk was favorable in 32 (23.5%), intermediate in 57 (42%), poor in 40 (29.4%) and unknown in 7 (5.1%). Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis was tacrolimus with methotrexate or sirolimus, or mycophenolate mofetil. Donors included 41 (30.2%) matched related, 2 (1.4%) mismatched related, 65 (47.8%) matched unrelated and 28 (20.6%) mismatched unrelated donors. Peripheral blood stem cells were used in 97.2% of cases. Two year OS, DFS, cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse and CI-NRM for all patients was 45.3%, 35.2%, 47.1% and 18.2%, respectively. Two-year DFS stratified by disease status at time of HCT was 41.9%, 33.3%, 25.9%, 33.3% and 12.5% in CR2, CR3 or beyond, PIF, REL and HMA, respectively(p=0.011 for CR2 vs HMA) (Figure 1). Two-year DFS stratified by cytogenetic risk was 43.8%, 31.6%, 37.1% and 14.3% in favorable, intermediate, poor and unknown, respectively (p>0.05) (Figure2). CI-Rel stratified by disease status was 43.2%, 16.7%, 66.7%, 42.9% and 50% in CR2, CR3 or greater, PIF, REL and HMA, respectively (Figure 3). Conclusions: We analyzed 136 AML patients after undergoing HST outside of CR1 and the cumulative incidence of relapse at two years was 47%. Relapse was highest in those with primary induction failure or residual disease after either no or low intensity therapy. These data suggest that patients with active disease at the time of transplant fare worse than those who are transplanted in remission, highlighting the importance of effective upfront therapies in order to obtain the maximum potential benefit from HCT. Cytogenetic risk stratification did not significantly impact outcomes, although those with favorable risk cytogenetics trend towards higher 2-year DFS vs those with intermediate or poor-risk disease. Trials looking at the impact of maintenance therapy post-transplant may be valuable in this patient population. Table 1. Disease Status @ HSCT CR2 CR3 or beyond PIF RES HMA/untreated 2 years 41.9% (30.6 - 52.8) 33.3% (4.6 - 67.6) 25.9% (11.5 - 43.1) 33.3% (14.9 - 53.1) 12.5% (0.7 - 42.3) Table 2. Cytogenetic Risk Group Favorable Intermediate Unfavorable Unknown 2 years 43.8% (26.5 - 59.8) 31.6% (20.1 - 43.7) 37.1% (22.5 - 51.8) 14.3% (0.7 - 46.5) Table 3. Cumulative Incidence of Relapse CR2 (1) CR3 or beyond (2) PIF (3) REL (4) HMA/untreated (5) 2 years 43.2% (32.2 - 54.6) 16.7% (0.0 - 53.5) 66.7% (48.1 - 82.9) 42.9% (23.0 - 64.0) 50.0% (18.1 - 81.9) Figure 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 3. Disclosures Sweet: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Speakers Bureau; Ariad Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding. Lancet:Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Boehringer-Ingelheim: Consultancy; Pfizer: Research Funding; Kalo-Bios: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy. Perkins:PDL Biopharma: Research Funding. Field:PDL Biopharma: Research Funding.