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Abstract Background The Nishabur region in Iran is an ancient hub for plum production, home to numerous seedling orchards and indigenous plum varieties. In 2020, an evaluation was conducted in the primary plum-growing zones of Nishabur following a harsh spring frost. Forty-one plum genotypes and local varieties capable of bearing fruit after frost incidents were selected for further examination. These plum selections were evaluated based on 60 morphological, pomological, and phenological traits related to flowers, fruits, and trees, in accordance with the UPOV (2020) plum descriptor. Results Among the 41 genotypes evaluated, 35 exhibited high yields, demonstrating their potential as viable options for cultivation in frost-prone areas. The highest coefficient of variation (39.45%) was observed in the fruit color. Several genotypes demonstrated acceptable pomological traits. The genotype ‘Kh.Da.cv.04‘ has the highest values in terms of fruit weight (56.2 g), fruit width (46 mm), and fruit length (61 mm). Significant positive correlations were found between fruit length and leaf length and fruit weight and leaf blade length. Factor analysis revealed that fruit weight, size, and leaf length are the most influential factors, accounting for 52% of the total variance. In the principal component analysis (PCA), genotypes were clustered into four main groups, with ‘Kh.Da.s.02’ and ‘Kh.Da.cv.04’ positioned at the positive end of the second axis, separate from the other genotypes. Cluster analysis indicated that these genotypes, along with ‘Ha.Bokh.cv.30’, formed distinct clusters, considerably distant from the other genotypes, which were grouped into four main clusters. Conclusions This research highlights the presence of frost-tolerant genotypes and varieties with suitable environmental adaptability in the Nishabur region, demonstrating relatively acceptable diversity. These genotypes hold potential for breeding and germplasm conservation purposes.

Abstract Background Numerous studies have explored the effects of L-arginine, whether administered in the form of a supplement or through infusion during cardioplegia, on cardiac and inflammatory markers in individuals undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, these studies presented contradictory findings. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of l-arginine on these markers by analyzing available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods We performed an extensive search across various databases, including Embase, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, covering research published until December 2023. To analyze the mean changes in inflammatory and cardiac markers between the L-arginine and control groups, we calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) along with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model. Results A total of 393 RCTs were identified during the initial search. After screening and selection, 7 trials were included. In a meta-analysis of three trials that reported troponin T levels, we found a significant impact of L-arginine on reducing troponin T levels (WMD = -0.61 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.07, -0.15). Our analysis also showed that L-arginine had a noticeable impact on decreasing interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (WMD = -7.72 pg/ml; 95% CI: -15.05, -0.39). However, we found no considerable impact of L-arginine treatment on creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and troponin I compared to the placebo groups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that L-arginine may benefit patients undergoing CABG, as it helps reduce inflammatory reactions and limits myocardial ischemia. This study registered in the PROSPERO database (Registration No. CRD42024508341).

Naming and reputation are key factors in social recognition, a practice observed in Iran since ancient times. Examining these appellations reveals which elements each society considers important for identity and fame. This research employed an analytical-descriptive methodology, considering the evolutionary stages of human societies as a cultural context. The study conducted linguistic analysis within morphological and syntactic frameworks while investigating cultural roots. The research focused on pre-Islamic Iranian fame and surnames, primarily drawing from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Vis and Ramin, due to their rich repository of ancient Iranian names. Findings indicated that the most common linguistic structures were syntactic combinations of "name + e + father's/grandfather's name", "name + e + city/country name + relative", and "name + e + occupation + relative". In terms of cultural context, kinship relations and paternal/ancestral attribution were most prevalent followed by fame derived from individual skills. These patterns reflected the influence of tribal life and patriarchy. City and country-based fame ranked next, indicating the emergence of urban life. Occupational attribution also occurred frequently, stemming from class-based society and social castes, reaching its peak in Shahnameh and the Sasanian period. Notably, fame constructions with religious content were minimal, suggesting the limited spread of religions in the Late Middle Ages. Keywords: Surname, Fame, Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Veis and Ramin. Introduction Acquisition of identity and the lexical choices describing surnames have ancient roots in human society. Selection of names is closely tied to the social, political, and cultural values of a society, reflecting various dimensions of social status. While the use of surnames alongside given names has long existed in Iranian culture, the methods of surname construction have evolved over time. Studying the structure of these family names provides insight into cultural identity, which is crucial for understanding different aspects of Iranian civilization. Materials & Methods This research drew its data from surnames used in Shahnameh and Vis and Ramin. The methodology employed both linguistic and content analysis. In the first phase, the data underwent morphological and syntactic analysis. Morphological examination revealed that the addition of relative suffixes, such as "an" and "i" was common in surname construction. Syntactic analysis demonstrated a prevalence of compound structures and syntactic phrases. The second phase involved semantic analysis, investigating the meanings of these surnames to identify their cultural backgrounds. By studying the historical context of Shahnameh and Vis and Ramin, the research aimed to uncover the methods of surname acquisition and formation in ancient Iranian society. Research Findings Kinship relationships emerge as the most significant factor in surname construction, with paternal attribution being the most prevalent. The connection between children's names and their fathers' names is observed across various temporal contexts rooted in tribal life and patriarchal structures. In Shahnameh, a common morphological structure involved adding the suffix "an" to the father's name. The next most frequent method of surname acquisition was derived from individual skills, city of origin, or country, reflecting an agricultural lifestyle. Interestingly, gaining fame through maternal grandfather attribution appeared only once in the historical period of Shahnameh, underscoring the patriarchal nature of Iranian society. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The cultural context for identity formation and surname acquisition encompasses various styles corresponding to stages of human development. The results of this research indicated that kinship relationships, individual skills, and attribution to city, country, or occupation were widely used in surname construction. Paternal and ancestral attributions were the most common likely due to the prevalence of tribal and ethnic group structures during the period. Individual skill-based surnames appeared from the Tahmureth to Sasanian eras. City and country-based surnames related to urban lifestyles were found to have become more prominent in Shahnameh during the Sasanian era. Linguistically, surnames are constructed through compounding, adjectival phrases, and noun phrases. A notable structure involves three-word combinations: two nouns followed by an adjective or a name indicating racial or ethnic background. In Vis and Ramin, surnames appeared less frequently, possibly due to its genre. In love stories, first names are often preferred over surnames to convey intimacy between characters. In conclusion, this analysis revealed the intricate relationship between linguistic structures, cultural contexts, and historical periods in the formation of Iranian surnames, providing valuable insights into the evolution of Iranian society and identity.

Abstract Background In developing nations, myocardial infarction (MI) remains a significant contributor to deaths from sudden cardiac arrest, with diet playing a key role in its incidence through oxidative stress mechanisms. Although the connection between the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) and cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated in some studies, the relationship between DAI and MI has not been extensively explored. Therefore, this research aims to investigate this association. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study involving 156 MI cases and 312 healthy controls, utilizing data from the Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS), a population-based study of individuals aged 35–70 residing in Fasa, Iran, with 11,097 participants included at baseline. The DAI was determined by normalizing the intake values of six dietary vitamins and minerals, adjusting by subtracting the global mean, and then dividing by the global standard deviation. MI diagnosis was established by an experienced cardiologist using electronic medical records. Conditional logistic regression was employed to examine the association between DAI and MI. Results There were no significant differences between the case and control groups in terms of age (P = 0.96), gender distribution (P = 0.98), and education level (P = 0.38). In a multiple conditional logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for key variables—including body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education level, and serum levels of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood sugar (FBS), saturated fatty acids (SFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)—an inverse association was found between DAI and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) [adjusted Odds Ratio (Adj OR) = 0.88, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.85–0.92; P

Interspecific hybrid rootstocks have the potential to improve the productivity and resilience of pistachio orchards in response to environmental stresses. This study aimed to produce inter-specific hybrids between P. vera and P. integerrima (In) and compare their early growth with their parents under chilling temperatures. Controlled pollination using In pollen was conducted on five pistachio cultivars including 'Kaleh-Ghuchi', 'Khanjari-Ghermze', 'Akbari', 'Khanjari-Sefid', 'Ohadi' and a local variety. The fruit set in female parents through controlled pollination of interspecific crossings was significantly lower than natural open pollination, resulting in a high percentage of blank seeds. Only 'Khenjari-Ghermze' and 'Kalleh-Ghoochi' produced a sufficient number of seeds for further experiment. The germination and survival rate of hybrid seeds were lower than that of pistachio cultivars (P

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused many adverse effects, including increased stress in patients.Aim: The present study was conducted with aim to determine the effect of an online self-care training program on perceived stress in COVID-19 patients.Method: This randomized control trial study was fulfilled by recruiting 132 COVID-19 patients, referred to two hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, 2021. The patients were selected using the purposive sampling method and were then randomly allocated into experimental and control groups (n=63 in each group). The online self-care training program was presented to the experimental group in six 30-minute sessions over two weeks. The data were collected through an individual characteristic form and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at three stages before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. P

The impact of a sense of belonging (SOB) on life satisfaction is acknowledged. However, research focusing on this dynamic within higher education is sparse. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying this association warrant further investigation. This study aimed to determine the serial mediation effects of loneliness and depression on the relationship between SOB and life satisfaction among college students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 345 college students (Mage = 22.16, SD = 4.48). The survey instruments included the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and the Institutional Integration Scale (IIS). The serial mediation effects were analyzed utilizing Model 6 of Hayes' PROCESS macro in SPSS. The results showed that the sense of belonging to the university had no direct effect on life satisfaction (Effect = 0.105, 95 % CI: −0.076 to 0.286). Loneliness and depression serially mediated the relationship between a sense of belonging to the university and life satisfaction (Effect = 0.029, 95 % CI: 0.012 to 0.051). Depression independently mediated the association between SOB and life satisfaction (Effect = 0.160, 95 % CI: 0.10 to 0.221), whereas loneliness did not serve as a significant independent mediator in the relationship between belonging to the university and life satisfaction (Effect = 0.014, 95 % CI: −0.006 to 0.039). This research enhances comprehension of the fundamental processes linking students' sense of belonging (SOB) with their life satisfaction, offering valuable perspectives for academic institutions to develop strategies to elevate university students' well-being.

Abstract Background and Aim One of the leading reasons that patients, particularly older persons, are brought to the orthopedic emergency room is a fracture at the end of the radius. In this study, a new traction method for distal radius fractures was compared with manual reduction. Methods The census method was used in this clinical trial to study 45 patients (46 hands) who were referred to Hamedan Besat Hospital in 2021. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The manual reduction (pressure and traction by an assistant and a doctor) method was implemented in Group A, and the new traction procedure (pressure and traction by hardware or a device) was performed in Group B. The radiographic results of reduction in both groups were investigated and compared immediately and in the first and 6 weeks after surgery. Results The following results were observed in the new and manual groups in the sixth week after surgery: average volar tilt: 4.19 ± 3.79 and 4.08 ± 3.88 (p = 0.926), radial angulation: 2.18 ± 1.27 and 2.21 ± 1.35 (p = 0.934), radial shortening: 10.52 ± 0.65 and 10.56 ± 0.68 (p = 0.828), radial inclination: 22.52 ± 2.46 and 22.71 ± 2.01 (p = 0.787), dorsal angulation: −5.89 ± 0.33 and 5.22 ± −1.91 (p = 1.00), ulnar variance: 1.66 ± 0.90 and 1.67 ± 0.81 (p = 0.958), and average pain score: 2.40 ± 0.68 and 2.47 ± 0.73 (p = 0.737). Conclusion The new reduction procedure with hardware in patients with distal radius fractures showed the same effect as the traditional method based on pressure and traction by the assistant and doctor in terms of radiographic changes and pain score of the fracture site.

‎In this research‎, ‎we investigated the interactive effects between the macroeconomic variables of currency‎, ‎gold‎, ‎and oil on two indicators of total and equal weighted indices considering the importance of correlation between economic variables and stock market indices‎. ‎In this regard‎, ‎the analysis of Pearson correlation and regression coefficients have been used to investigate the existence of an interactive effect among them‎, ‎and a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP NN) model has been used to simulate this effect‎. ‎The models have been fitted as a time series based on the daily data related to the economic variables and the mentioned indicators during march 2016 to that of 2021‎. ‎Investigating the interactive effects between variables has been done using SPSS statistical software‎, ‎and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) simulation developed in MATLAB programming environment‎. ‎The extracted results indicate the existence of an interactive effect among these economic variables‎. ‎The simulation results show the high ability of ANN in modeling and predicting the total price and equal-weighted indices‎, ‎and this model has been able to make more accurate predictions by considering these interactive effects as well‎.

Purpose Despite to high burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs), the RTI epidemiology has received less attention with rare investments on robust population cohorts. The PERSIAN Traffic Safety and Health Cohort (PTSHC) was designed to assess the potential causal relationships between human factors and RTI mortality, injuries, severity of the injury, hospitalised injury, violation of traffic law as well as offer the strongest scientific evidence.Participants The precrash cohort study is carried out in four cities of Tabriz, Jolfa, Shabestar and Osku in East Azerbaijan province located in northwest Iran. The participants were people who sampled among the general population. The cluster sampling method was used to enrol the households in this study. The PTSHC encompasses a wide and comprehensive range and types of data. These include not only the common cohort data collections such as medical examination measures, previous medical history, bio assays and behavioural assessments but also includes data obtained using advanced novel technologies, for example, electronic travel monitoring, driving simulation and neuro-psycho-physiologic laboratory assessments specifically developed for traffic health field.Findings to date A total of 7200 participants aged 14 years and above were enrolled at baseline, nearly half of them being men. The mean age of participants was 39.2 (SD=19.9) years. The majority of participants (55.4%) belonged to the age group of 30–56 years. Currently, approximately 1 200 000 person-measurements have been collected.Future plans PSTHC will be used to determine the human-related risk factors by adjusting for the vehicle and land-use-related factors. Therefore, a lot of crashes can be prevented using effective interventions. Although this cohort provides valuable data, it is planned to increase its size to achieve the highest level of evidence with higher generalisability. Also, according to the national agreement this cohort is going to be extended to several geographical regions in second decade.

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic obstructive respiratory diseases (COPD) not only cause damage to the respiratory system as well as the heart and blood vessels of the patient but also have a direct effect on the condition of the musculoskeletal system. The risk of falling is increasing due to dysfunction of the joints as well as aging, which occurs frequently in this population. Gait deficits are known as an important risk factor for falls. This research aimed to investigate the gait of COPD patients compared to healthy people to gain a better understanding of the reasons for falls. Methods Twenty patients with COPD and 20 age and BMI‐matched healthy individuals were included in this study. Sixteen markers were applied to the lower body of the subjects. Spatio‐temporal, kinematic, and maximum moment parameters were measured in different phases in three lower body joints, including the hip, knee, and ankle. Results The results showed that all spatio‐temporal parameters in patients were significantly lower than in healthy people. The ankle angle in the sagittal plane at initial contact was significantly difference (p = 0.03). As well as, in the frontal plane the hip angle in the mid‐stance showed a significant difference (p = 0.02). There was also a significant difference in maximum hip moment in the sagittal plane between the two groups (p = 0.01). Conclusion The larger hip angle of the patients can be related to the balance problems in the mediolateral direction. The moment showed a significant difference in the hip joint. Since the hip muscles are directly in a synergistic relationship with the trunk muscles, it seems the performance of these muscles is likely to be seriously damaged due to respiratory diseases.

Key Clinical Message After a Bentall surgery, there is a small chance of developing a serious complication called vascular graft infection. 18F‐FDG PET/CT, a new and accurate diagnostic tool, can help detect it early, especially if the symptoms are unusual. Abstract A 14‐year‐old boy who had undergone Bentall surgery 1 year prior presented with symptoms of fever, chills, loss of appetite, and weight loss over the course of a month. The initial Bentall surgery was performed due to an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, along with severe aortic valve insufficiency and moderate aortic valve stenosis. The patient was referred to the PET/CT department for evaluation of possible endarteritis or infection of Dacron graft, which had been reported in trans‐esophageal echocardiography as suspicious findings. Despite normal blood tests, blood cultures, and other imaging modalities, the 18F‐FDG PET/CT confirmed the diagnosis of vascular graft infection. This diagnostic tool allowed for timely and appropriate treatment and prevention of possible complications.

Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to explain and present a model of managerial competencies affecting the performance of social security hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This was a qualitative study. A purposive sampling was applied. The participants were senior managers of social security medical centers and experts in hospital management and administration. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and continued until saturation. A thematic approach was used to analyze the data. Results: The results led to the identification of 4 comprehensive themes, 10 organizing themes and 40 basic themes. Comprehensive and organizing themes included knowledge and work experience (specialized knowledge, general knowledge, work experience), individual characteristics (moral characteristics, personality traits), interactive competencies (communication skills, internal-organizational communication, external-organizational communication), and executive competencies (managerial competencies, leadership competencies) Conclusion: The use of identified themes can be useful in employing competent managers or be used as the basis of routine in-service training courses for hospital managers in medical centers.

The purpose of this study was to predict the depression symptoms in male students by childhood trauma. The research method was descriptive correlational. The study population consisted of all male elementary and secondary high school students in public schools of Robat Karim (Tehran Province) during the academic year of 2020-2021. 310 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling and answered to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Children's Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed through the Pearson correlation and standard regression. The results of this study showed that the linear combination of childhood trauma variables (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect) predict student depression significantly. Among childhood traumas, emotional abuse and physical abuse predict depression in students significantly. Physical neglect, emotional neglect and sexual abuse did not predict depression symptoms significantly. The present model was also able to explain 25% of the variance of depression in students. Findings of this study support the significant role of emotional abuse and physical abuse on depression symptoms. Therefore, considering the childhood trauma is recommended to clinicians in the treatment of student depression.

Abstract Sweet Cayenne pepper is a nutrient‐dense, sweet‐tasting greenhouse vegetable that often faces water stress in dry areas, and optimizing growth with minimum water consumption is crucial. In this study, we investigated the impacts of amino acids (AAs) foliar application on reducing water stress losses in sweet Cayenne pepper cv. “Lombard” under greenhouse conditions. The pepper bushes were irrigated in 3‐day and 6‐day intervals and simultaneously sprayed with an AA fertilizer (0, 150, and 300 mg/L). Vegetative growth, reproductive traits, and yield parameters were measured. Results showed significant decreases in the plant height, the roots length, SPAD, leaf greenness index, and the pepper leaves turn yellow under brief drought stress. The number of flowers was reduced by up to 50%, and the 3‐month yield decreased significantly from 7 to 5.05 kg/m2. However, with AAs foliar application, vegetative growth, fruit number, and yield increased significantly. The highest yield, 2.93 kg/plant, was observed in 300 mg/L AAs, while the minimum yield, with an average of 1.83 kg/plant recorded under water stress treatment without AAs application. The spray of AAs fertilizer remarkably improves the yield and quality of pepper fruit and reverses the destructive effects of low irrigation. The future direction could focus on the mechanism of the positive impact of AA foliar application on growth, yield, and quality of the fruit, particularly in water stress conditions, to further optimize growth and minimize water consumption.

Currently, finding a renewable source for energy production and also the problems caused by the production and disposal of municipal solid waste have led researchers to think of ways to generate energy from waste. To produce biogas from waste, anaerobic digestion method is used. In developing countries, including Iran, the production of biogas from municipal solid waste in metropolitan areas is being studied and developed. In turn, this study investigates the potential of biogas production from municipal solid waste in Iran. First, the amount of municipal solid waste produced in Iran was estimated. Then, the biogas production potential and the generated electric power were calculated through mathematical relations. The recorded physical properties of the waste and the volume of the biogas produced by it (PCV, Pdegradable, Pdry, Pmax, Prad, Prl were calculated) showed that Iran has a high potential for biogas production from municipal solid waste. PCV, Pdegradable, Pdry, Pmax, Prad, Prl values for this type of waste in the most populous provinces of Iran (Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Khuzestan, Fars, East Azerbaijan, Esfahan, Mazandaran, West Azerbaijan and Gilan) were 2171.02, 900.2, 356.35, 1256.45, 262.43, 315.05 MW, respectively.

The knee unloader brace can change loading on knee which may be effective in reducing symptoms and progression of disease in people with knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new knee brace during walking in a patient with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Two brace types were used: new brace and conventional brace. A pneumatic cuff of novel brace was fitted in the bottom of the medical slipper that was connected to the cuff section of the knee through the tube. After the knee brace is deployed, its force can vary in different stages of the gait. During the heel strike, the weight of the cuff is compressed on the floor, causing the air to flow inside it and entering the volume of air into the knee pad. The results of using this pneumatic knee brace compared with conventional knee braces on a patient showed that in both cases, the open and closed palatal pump, the adduction moment and ROM was decreased in the stance phase. But the three-point knee pressure, however, was less effective in reducing the adduction moment but also reduced the knee ROM. Using novel brace can eliminate the patient’s need for painful and costly surgery to reduce the symptoms of osteoarthritis.

Abstract We perform a comparative study of different types of dynamical dark energy models (DDEs) using the cosmographic method. Among the models being examined herein we have the Running Vacuum models (RVMs), which have demonstrated considerable ability to fit the overall cosmological data at a level comparable to the standard cosmological model, $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM, and capable of alleviating the $$\sigma _8$$ σ 8 and $$H_0$$ H 0 tensions. At the same time we address a variety of Holographic dark energy models (HDEs) with different options for the time (redshift)-varying model parameter $$c=c(z)$$ c = c ( z ) . We deal with the HDEs under the double assumption of fixed and evolving holographic length scale and assess which one is better. Both types of DDEs (RVMs and HDEs) are confronted with the most robust cosmographic data available, namely the Pantheon sample of supernovae data (SnIa), the baryonic acoustic oscillations data (BAOs) extracted from measurement of the power spectrum and bispectrum of the BOSS data release, and the cosmic chronometer measurements of the Hubble rate (CCHs) at different redshifts obtained from spectroscopic observations of passively evolving galaxies. Using these data samples we assess the viability of the mentioned DDEs and compare them with the concordance $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM model. From our cosmographic analysis we conclude that the RVMs fare comparably well to the $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM, a fact which adds up more credit to their sound phenomenological status. In contrast, while some of the HDEs are favored using the current Hubble horizon as fixed holographic length, they become highly unfavoured in the more realistic case when the holographic length is dynamical and evolves as the Hubble horizon.

Introduction: We evaluated the effect of electromyography biofeedback on proprioception and functional balance in healthy young athletes. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 24 athletes were randomly divided into two study (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The study group received rehabilitation exercises, including one-foot standing, squatted standing, and isometric contraction of quadriceps muscle at different knee angles, including 30, 45, and 90 degrees of knee flexion along with electromyography biofeedback. The control group received only rehabilitation exercises without electromyography biofeedback. Exercises were performed by both groups for a 4-week period in three sessions per week. Functional balance and proprioception before and after exercises were measured using the star excursion balance test and a system consisting of digital photography non-reflective markers, respectively. The data of the center of pressure and time of vertical ground reaction force using a force plate was also collected to evaluate static balance and dynamic balance, respectively. Results: The absolute error in knee joint reconstruction for 30° (P=0.005), 45° (P=0.001), and 90° (P=0.033) angles significantly decreased after the intervention in the study group compared to the control group. Star excursion balance test scores in all directions did not show any significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05), except for the anterior-lateral direction (P=0.03). Moreover, all variables related to static and dynamic balance did not show a significant difference between two the groups after the interventions (P>0.05). Conclusion: The electromyography biofeedback intervention can probably be used as a rehabilitation protocol in recovering and healing proprioception injuries resulting from sports injuries.

Objective This study was aimed to determine the relationship between job stress and work-related quality of life (WRQoL) among emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in Lorestan province, Western Iran.Design This was a cross-sectional study.Methods Totally 430 EMTs who had been engaged in their respective units for more than 6 months from all emergency facilities in Lorestan province were selected using single stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected from April to July 2019 using two standard questionnaires: job stress (Health and Safety Executive (HSE)) and WRQoL. The OR with 95% CI was used to declare the statistical association (p≤0.05).Results All participants were exclusively males, with a mean age of 32±6.87 years. The overall average score of job stress using the HSE scale was 2.69±0.43; while the overall quality of working life score was 2.48±1.01. The type of working shift was found to have a significant impact on the HSE-average score (F(3,417)=5.26, p=0.01); and on the WRQoL-average score (F(3,417)=6.89, p

Background: In Iran, a combination of three methods of budget payment, fee for service and case-based payment (known as the global payment system) is used to reimburse the cost of hospital services. The aim of this study was to investigate the costs of 90 services of the Global Hospital Reimbursement System at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional applied study was performed from March 2017 to March 2019 in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The billing and record data of all patients whose services were reimbursed on a global payment system basis were extracted from hospital information systems. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency mean. std deviation, maximum & minimum) in SPSS 21 and Excel 2016. Results: During two years in TUMS, the costs of services provided to 143,866 patients have been reimbursed based on the global payment system., which had a cost of 2300 billion rials. 80% of the total services and costs were related to 10 services. 78.46% of the cases were related to two specialized groups of ophthalmology and obstetrics and gynecology. 83.17% of the total costs of services reimbursed globally at the TUMS were related to these two specialized groups. The average cost per service was about 16 million Rials, but varied greatly for different services, ranging from about 1.8 million Rials to 67 million Rials. On average, for a global service, the share of each of the cost subgroups of diagnostic services, hoteling and nursing services, medicine and consumables, operating room and surgery, physician's visit and consultation, respectively 3.1%, 11.6%, 21.4%, 49.9% and 13.9%. Conclusion: Managers need to focus on high-frequency and high-cost services to reduce the cost and financial losses for services that are under the global payment system. Depending on the specific cost pattern of each service, the strategies adopted to control the costs of that service should also be different.

Orta Doğu coğrafyası tarih boyunca farklı dinlere ve mezheplere ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Kimi devirlerde birbirleriyle çatışan bu dinler ve mezhepler kimi devirlerde de barışçıl bir şekilde aynı coğrafyada varlıklarını sürdürmüşlerdir. Hiç kuşkusuz, hükûmetler ve kavimler arasında imzalanan antlaşmalar söz konusu barışçıl ortamın oluşmasında önemli rol oynamıştır. İslamiyetin yayılmasıyla birlikte Müslümanlar ile gayrimüslimler arasında da birçok antlaşma imzalanmıştır. Bu antlaşmalar sonucunda gayrimüslim topluluklar cizye karşılığında kendi inanç ve kültürlerini yaşatmaya devam etmişlerdir. Yüzyıllar boyunca Yahudi, Hristiyan ve diğer dinî topluluklar Müslüman hükûmetlerin tebaası oldukları için kendi dinleri ve kültürlerini korumak amacıyla Müslüman hâkimlerle antlaşma imzalamak zorunda kalmışlardır. Bu durumu İslamiyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren görmek mümkündür. İşte bu antlaşmalardan biri de 660 (40 Hicri) yılında Hz. Ali ve Hristiyan büyükleri arasında imzalanmıştr. Bu antlaşmanın İran, İtalya ve Ermenistan’da toplam olarak yedi nüshası tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar arasında Türkçe tercümesi olan yegâne nüsha, İsfahan Çehel Sütun Müzesinde bulunnmaktadır. Söz konusu nüsha bilinmeyen bir tarihte Kûfî hattıyla deri üzerine istinsah edilmiş, orijinal satırların altında sözcüker nesih hattıyla tekrar yazılmış ve bu iki satrın altında ise sözcüklerin Türkçe tercümeleri kaydedilmiştir. Dil özellikleri dikkate alındığında nüshanın XVI. yüzyıldan sonra Türkçeye çevrildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Tomar biçiminde olan bu nüsha 6.87 metre uzunluğa 35.5 cm ise ene sahiptir. Antlaşmada Hristiyanların çeşitli yönlerden haklarının korunması ve Müslümanların bu antlaşmaya sadık kalmaları gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu belgenin tarihî öneminin yanı sıra Türkçeye tercüme edilmesi de başka bir önem taşımaktadır. Kimi araştırmacılar Hz. Ali’nin Hristiyanlarla böyle bir antlaşma yapmadığını iddia etmekte, onun sahte olduğunu öne sürmektedirler. Bu makalede antlaşmanın Çehel Sütun nüshası incelenmiş, Türkçe bölümü transkripsiyon edilmiştir. Birkaç sözcük hariç okunaklı ve temiz bir nüshadır. Türkçe bölümünde satırarası çevirilerin özelliği itibariyle düzgün cümlelerin kurulmasından ziyade kelimelerin doğru biçimde tercüme edilmesine özen gösterilmiştir.

In this paper, we have performed a comparative study of different types of oscillating dark energy (DE) models using the Metropolis algorithm of Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Eight different oscillating parameterizations are examined herein that have demonstrated considerable ability to fit the overall cosmological observations, including the Pantheon sample of Type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic chronometer Hubble data, and distance priors of the Planck cosmic microwave background. In order to compare the consistency of these models with observations, we have used both the Akaike and deviance information criteria. Although the values of the Akaike information criterion for different models indicate that there is no support for oscillating DE models, the deviance information criterion showed that there is significant support for some of these models. Our results showed that these models are capable of solving the cosmic coincidence problem and alleviating the Hubble tension. Comparing the H _0 values obtained for different oscillating scenarios with that of ΛCDM, we observed that our oscillating models led to $\bar{{H}_{0}}=69.78$ , which is 0.29 greater than H _0,Λ and thus reduces the Hubble tension. Among all of the models, model 1, with H _0 = 70.00 ± 0.71, is the most capable of alleviating the H _0 tension. Furthermore, we examined our models assuming H _0 = 73.0 ± 1.4 from SHoES measurements. We find that adding this data point to our data combination led to a ${\rm{\Delta }}\bar{{H}_{0}}=0.95$ increase in the H _0 value for different models.

Olive fruits at different ripening stages give rise to various table olive products and oil qualities. Therefore, developing an efficient method for recognizing and sorting olive fruits based on their ripening stages can greatly facilitate post-harvest processing. This study introduces an automatic computer vision system that utilizes deep learning technology to classify the ‘Roghani’ Iranian olive cultivar into five ripening stages using color images. The developed model employs convolutional neural networks (CNN) and transfer learning based on the Xception architecture and ImageNet weights as the base network. The model was modified by adding some well-known CNN layers to the last layer. To minimize overfitting and enhance model generality, data augmentation techniques were employed. By considering different optimizers and two image sizes, four final candidate models were generated. These models were then compared in terms of loss and accuracy on the test dataset, classification performance (classification report and confusion matrix), and generality. All four candidates exhibited high accuracies ranging from 86.93% to 93.46% and comparable classification performance. In all models, at least one class was recognized with 100% accuracy. However, by taking into account the risk of overfitting in addition to the network stability, two models were discarded. Finally, a model with an image size of 224 × 224 and an SGD optimizer, which had a loss of 1.23 and an accuracy of 86.93%, was selected as the preferred option. The results of this study offer robust tools for automatic olive sorting systems, simplifying the differentiation of olives at various ripening levels for different post-harvest products.

Horn is one of the main components of ultrasonic cutting systems. The most important characteristics of the horn design are its resonant frequency and amplification factor. Closed-form equations can be used only for the design of simple horns and do not apply to more complex shapes like surgical tools. In This paper, a designing technique based on the finite element method and experimental tests is presented. The conventional design methods are improved, and designing a high performance surgical ultrasonic horn for bone cutting tools is facilitated. The new and complex bone cutting tool has both the knife-edge and toothed-edge, which could cut the bone easily and accurately. The investigations of cutting forces applied to the tool edges show less force in the toothed edge than the knife edge.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive encephalopathy before, during, or after childbirth with almost the most common type, i.e. spastic diplegic, leading to a frequent walking problem, In-toeing. Orthoses can reduce the consequences of CP. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of combining twister wrap orthoses (TWO) with high-top shoes on the balance parameters of children with spastic diplegic CP.Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, twenty children (aged 6.8 ± 0.5 years) with spastic diplegic CP with in-toeing gait participated. The tests were conducted in three conditions: 1) in bare-foot, 2) with high-top shoes, and 3) with high-top shoes plus TWO and the orthoses effects on balance parameters were compared. Results: High-top shoes positively decreased center of pressure (COP) sway in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction. Both high-top shoes and high-top shoes with TWO conditions compared to bare-foot conditions significantly improved standing balance by decreasing the ellipse area. Pairwise, wearing TWO and high-top shoes significantly reduced the COP sway in the medial-lateral (ML) and AP directions with a significant difference between using the combined orthoses and the shoe without TWO in ML of COP displacement. Conclusion: High-top shoes alone and the combination of high-top shoes with TWO conditions may enhance the stability of children with spastic diplegia more than barefoot. Although the use of combined orthoses induced significant improvement in the ML direction of COP displacement.

BackgroundConcerns about the role of chronically used medications in the clinical outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have remarkable potential for the breakdown of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) management by imposing ambivalence toward medication continuation. This study aimed to investigate the association of single or combinations of chronically used medications in NCDs with clinical outcomes of COVID-19.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on the intersection of two databases, the Iranian COVID-19 registry and Iran Health Insurance Organization. The primary outcome was death due to COVID-19 hospitalization, and secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and ventilation therapy. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system was used for medication grouping. The frequent pattern growth algorithm was utilized to investigate the effect of medication combinations on COVID-19 outcomes.FindingsAspirin with chronic use in 10.8% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients was the most frequently used medication, followed by Atorvastatin (9.2%) and Losartan (8.0%). Adrenergics in combination with corticosteroids inhalants (ACIs) with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.68–0.92) were the most associated medications with less chance of ventilation therapy. Oxicams had the least OR of 0.80 (0.73–0.87) for COVID-19 death, followed by ACIs [0.85 (0.77–0.95)] and Biguanides [0.86 (0.82–0.91)].ConclusionThe chronic use of most frequently used medications for NCDs management was not associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Thus, when indicated, physicians need to discourage patients with NCDs from discontinuing their medications for fear of possible adverse effects on COVID-19 prognosis.

Objective Moral distress may occur when people are unable to follow professional standards and ethical values in their profession. It is a significant issue in the healthcare profession and has negative consequences. In addition, there is a concern that it may adversely affect clinical performance and, in some cases, patient outcomes. Based on the evidence, occupational therapists experience moral distress, Therefore, there is a need for a tool that enables researchers to identify the extent of moral distress in each individual and to measure the effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce distress and prevent employee burnout. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the face and content validity of the Moral Distress Questionnaire in occupational therapists. Materials & Methods This psychometric study was performed in two stages. The first stage involved preparing a pool of questionnaire items, and the second stage examined the face and content validity of the questionnaire. First, texts and related studies were reviewed to extract the questionnaire items. Searching various databases was done to find any conditions that create moral distress in occupational therapy. Three qualitative studies conducted in the field of ethical issues of occupational therapists in the field of psychiatry, children and adults were fully studied. The codes extracted from these studies and the quotations of the interviewees were read. Then the questionnaire items were extracted from the codes, sentences and phrases of the studies. The items were read several times and edited in terms of content clarity, grammar and concept comprehension, and duplicate topics were removed. After preparing the pool of items for the preliminary questionnaire, the scientific stages of face and content validity of the questionnaire were completed. The face validity of the questionnaire was measured qualitatively and quantitatively by 30 occupational therapists who were selected by available sampling from clinics, hospitals and public and private centers. Inclusion criteria were at least one year of work experience in various fields of occupational therapy. Quantitative face validity was performed by determining the impact score of the item. In order to perform qualitative content validity, experts in the field of teaching ethics in occupational therapy and familiar with tool development were invited to review the questionnaire and exchange views in a face-to-face meeting. Seven people participated in the panel of experts. Participants were told that the tool would be an Evaluative tool designed to assess the extent of moral distress among occupational therapists working in clinical settings. After carefully studying the tool, they were asked to consider and comment on the four criteria of clarity, simplicity, transparency, and relevance of items to moral distress. To assess the quantitative content validity of the questionnaire, 20 occupational therapists with doctoral degrees were asked to complete the relevant forms for assessing Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Results After reviewing the texts and related studies and analyzing the findings and concepts, a preliminary questionnaire with 50 items was extracted. The items of the questionnaire reached 22 items after completing qualitative and quantitative face and content validity. The impact score of the item was between 2.85 to 4.83. The CVR was in the acceptable range of 0.5 to 1 with an average of 0.7. The CVI of the questionnaire was 0.93. Conclusion The Moral Distress Questionnaire in Occupational Therapists with 22 items on a four-point scoring scale has appropriate content validity and can be used to measure moral distress in occupational therapists after completing the validity and reliability steps.

Abstract Background and aims Asthma exacerbation is defined as an acute attack of shortness of breath with more than 25% decrease in morning peak flow compared to the baseline on 2 consecutive days, which requires immediate standard therapy. The majority of asthmatic patients are considered to be steroid-sensitive; however, corticosteroid-resistant asthma is a subset of asthma with poor response to corticosteroids and is responsible for frequent hospital admissions. In this study we aimed to compare the effects of two enhancing strategies, the nebulized ketamine and IV magnesium sulfate, in treatment of severe steroid resistant asthma. Materials and methods This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients who presented to a referral clinic in Alborz, Iran. Using random allocation, patients were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with nebulized ketamine and the second group was treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate. Peak expiratory flow rates were assessed before the intervention, 30 and 60 min after the intervention and compared with the aid of SPSS software. Results The Peak expiratory flow rates before the intervention, 30 min and 60 min after the intervention was statistically significantly different in both ketamine and magnesium sulfate groups. Peak expiratory flow rates change between 0 and 60 min were 29.4 and 15.2% in the ketamine and magnesium sulfate group respectively. Although the ketamine group showed much higher increase in mean PEFR compared to the MgSO4 groups, there was no statistically significant difference across both groups. Conclusion Our study concluded that combined with standard therapy, both ketamine and IV magnesium sulfate are effective agents in the improvement of PEFR in patients with acute severe asthma that failed to respond to traditional therapies. However, there were no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Videos directly captured from a computer or smartphone screen have certain characteristics that differentiate them from camera-captured (CC) ones. These videos are called screen content (SC) videos whose specific encoder has been introduced as a new extension of the HEVC standard called screen content coding (SCC). Most screen content applications are real-time with low delay requiring an accurate rate control. The difference in the characteristics and use of special coding tools such as palette mode, intra block copy, and adaptive color transform in this standard, have affected the mechanism of bit rate generation and control. This paper presents methods and criteria to evaluate the controllability of the bit rate of SC videos and compare it with that of CC counterparts. Furthermore, the requirements of SC video rate control are studied. The experimental results indicate that the bit rate of SC videos is much less controllable than the conventional ones so that the conventional rate-distortion models and bit rate control algorithms are not effective in coding the SC videos.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important parasitic infections in subgroup seven common neglected diseases of humans and animals. It is in the list of 18 neglected tropical diseases of the WHO. We aimed to analyze the situation of the disease in Iran using Geographical Information System (GIS) and satellite data analysis. Methods: The data obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran and other related centers from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed using GIS. Then, the spatial distribution maps of the disease were generated, and the hot spots of the disease in Iran were determined using spatial analysis of ArcGIS10.5 software. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis in ArcGIS10.5 was used to correlate the variables affecting the disease including temperature, relative humidity, normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) and incidence of hydatidosis. Data analysis was performed by Linear regression analysis and SPSS 21 software using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Zanjan, Khorasan Razavi, North Khorasan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Hamedan, Semnan, and Ardabil provinces were the hot spots of CE. The results of geographical weighted regression analysis showed that in Khorasan Razavi, North Khorasan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Hamedan, Semnan, Ardabil, Zanjan, Qazvin, and Ilam provinces, the highest correlation between temperature, humidity, vegetation density and the incidence of hydatidosis was observed (P

Background: Urban parks play a noticeable role in city areas for making connections between nature and the residents of cities, especially from a mental health perspective. This paper investigated how the number and types of urban parks impact city residents' mental health. Method: This study used the data collected by the Community Health Survey in Seoul, South Korea in 2020 (n=22915). The type and number of local parks were categorized based on each district, and three variables of mental health were selected, including ‘subjective health awareness’, ‘stress awareness’ and ‘depression rate’. Correlation and interaction analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between variables. Result: The data indicated that both the quantity and types of the urban parks were associated with mental health of the residents. Positive mental health is likely to be associated with higher density of local parks in a district. It seems that parks characterized by children's activity and have nature-focused design, are more effective in changing the mental health of residents. Discussion: The research demonstrates a positive relationship between the quantity of urban parks and mental health in the scale of city districts. However, such a correlation can differ based on the type of parks, as well as the quantity of greenery in an area.

Abstract Background Assessment is a necessary part of training postgraduate medical residents. The implementation of methods located at the “shows how” level of Miller’s pyramid is believed to be more effective than previous conventional tools. In this study, we quantitatively compared electronic and conventional methods in assessing ophthalmology residents. Methods In this retrospective study, eight different conventional methods of assessment including residents’ attendance, logbook, scholarship and research skills, journal club, outpatient department participation, Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), and professionalism/360-degree (as one complex) were used to assess 24 ophthalmology residents of all grades. Electronic media consisting of an online Patient Management Problem (e-PMP), and modified electronic OSCE (me-OSCE) tests performed 3 weeks later were also evaluated for each of the 24 residents. Quantitative analysis was then performed comparing the conventional and electronic assessment tools, statistically assessing the correlation between the two approaches. Results Twenty-four ophthalmology residents of different grades were included in this study. In the electronic assessment, average e-PMP scores (48.01 ± 12.40) were much lower than me-OSCE (65.34 ± 17.11). The total average electronic score was 56.67 ± 11.28, while the total average conventional score was 80.74 ± 5.99. Female and male residents’ average scores in the electronic and conventional method were (59.15 ± 12.32 versus 83.01 ± 4.95) and (55.19 ± 10.77 versus 79.38 ± 6.29), respectively. The correlation between modified electronic OSCE and all conventional methods was not statistically significant (P-value >0.05). Correlation between e-PMP and six conventional methods, consisting of professionalism/360-degree assessment tool, logbook, research skills, Multiple Choice Questions, Outpatient department participation, and Journal club active participation was statistically significant (P-value

Background: Nurses face a lot of stress in their jobs, and the quality of life has a significant impact on the quality of their services. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between general health and the quality of life conditions in nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 2017 on nurses working in educational hospitals in Ahvaz. The sample size was 265. A categorized random sampling was used for the research The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, ANOVA, regresson and Pearson correlation tests. Data collection tools included the general health questionnaire (GHQ) and the questionnaire on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Results: Nurses had fairly good general health (23.9 ± 12.4) and their health-related quality of life was moderate (60.29 ± 16.07). Their physical health (63.4 ± 22.5) was found better than their mental health (61.7 ± 20.3) as a factor in the health-related quality of life states. General health had a strong and negative correlation with the quality of life associated with physical health (P-value < 0.001 and r = - 0.61) and the quality of life associated with mental health (P-value < 0.001 and r = - 0.68). Conclusion: Many aspects of health-related quality of life are influenced by general health factors. Therefore, it is recommended that prevention, identification, and treatment of physical and psychological problems and factors affecting the quality of life be considered as a priority, leading to an improvement in nurses’ quality of life.

Ahmad Yasawi is one of the poets who had a powerful influence on Turkic culture and literature. Yasawi, for centuries, has been a source of inspiration for many poets in Turkic lands and has played a pioneering role in Sufi poetry. Until today, different copies of Dīvān-i Ḥikmet have been found, based on which different editions of the work have been published. Although in historical sources such as Mihmannâmeyi Buhara it has been mentioned as the old copies of Dīvān-i Ḥikmet, the copies we have are mostly copied in the nineteenth century. These copies which differ from each other, generally contain wisdoms from other poets. This paper has dealt with a new copy of Dīvān-i Ḥikmet in The National Library of Iran. Moreover, descriptions are provided on the features of this copy and compared with published copies, where is necessary. There are differences between this 190-page copy and the copies that have been published so far. It contains new wisdoms that does not exist in other copies. There are, in this copy, in addition to ten wisdoms in which the pen name of other poets are seen, 60 other wisdom and one litany. Sixteen of the 60 wisdoms are new. This new wisdom, which includes nearly 370 verses, will undoubtedly give a new identity to Dīvān-i Ḥikmet.

Introduction The Vanakan (Sokan) barite-zinc-lead-copper deposit is located at 23 km northeast of Semnan, in the North Central Iran magmatic belt. It has occurred within the Eocene volcanic-sedimentary sequence. The host rocks of the ores mainly consist of tuff, shale and shaly tuff. Volcanic rocks in the district at the Ahovan region involve both mafic and felsic compositions including basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite and tuff. Many studies have been conducted on ore deposits in the Semnan region including Poshteh barite- base metals volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit (Ghaffari, 2017), Hamyard (Haji-Bahrami, 2012) and northeast Semnan (e.g., Ghiasvand et al., 2009; Shahri, 2011) iron skarn deposits. Therefore, studying the barite-metal deposits in the Central Iran magmatic belt such as the Vanakan deposit, can provide exploratory keys to discover new reserves, which is one of the main goals of this research study. In this work, study on ore facies,mineralogy, alteration, geochemistry and genesis of the Vanakan barite-zinc-lead-copper deposit are considered. Materials and methods First, regional and local geology, alteration, ore textures and structures and mineralogy of ore horizons in the Vanakan ore deposit were carefully checked out and studied during field studies. Then, the samples were systematically collected from trenches and open pit of the mine. Mineralogical studies were conducted on 24 thin sections and 8 polished samples in the microscopic laboratory at the Shahrood University of Technology. For geochemical studies, about 16 systematic samples from different ore facies and ore horizons were collected. Then, the samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) method, and a few samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method in the Aria Sharif Laboratories Company. Results The host sequence in the Vanakan deposit involves three units, from bottom to top: Unit1: conglomerate, limestone, sandstone; Unit2: andesitic to dacitic lava-rich, and unit3: acidic tuff-rich. Mineralization as the Vanakan 1 and 2 deposits occurred at top of unit 2 and within unit 3. The entire Vanakan area involves a local syncline with northeast-southwest axial trend, in which the Vanakan 1 and Vanakan 1 deposits are located in the northern and southern limbs of the syncline, respectively. Based on structural, textural and mineralogical studies, five different ore facies were distinguished in Vanakan 1, from bottom to: 1) vein-veinlet and breccia: involving barite-pyrite-quartz vein-veinlets, 2) massive sulfide: composed of massive sphalerite, galena, barite, chalcopyrite and pyrite, 3) layered-banded sulfide ore: involving alternations of ore and sericite altered tuff-rich bands, 4) baritic ore: comprising of mainly barite and little sulfides, and 5) banded-exhalative cherty sediments. The ore facies in the Vanakan 2 from bottom to top are 1) barite -(galena)-rich vein-veinlets and 2) banded cherty iron oxide-hydroxides -rich red exhalative sediment. From a mineralogical point of view, the ores in the Vanakn 1 mainly consist of barite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and marcasite accompanied with secondary minerals such as malachite, chrysocolla, smithsonite, cerussite, hematite, limonite, goethite. Discussion Based on different characteristics of mineralization in the Vanakan district, such as geometry of ore bodies, textures and structures, ore facies, wall rock alterations, mineralogy, metal zonation and geochemical features, the Vanakan deposit can be classified as a bimodal- felsic or Kuroko-type volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, similar to those of the Mount Read volcanic deposits of Tasmanian Australia such as Rosebery (Large, 1992; Large et al., 2001) and Hokuroko basin in Japan (Huston et al., 2011; Ohmoto and Skinner, 1983). References Ghaffari, G., 2017. Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the Poshteh barite-kaoline-copper deposit, east of Semnan. M.Sc. thesis, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran, 186 pp. (in Persian with English abstract) Ghiasvand, A., Ghaderi, M. and Rashidnejad, N., 2009. Mineralogy, geochemistry and origin of iron deposits in north of Semnan. Geosciences, 18(72): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.22071/GSJ.2010.57133 Haji-Bahrami, M., 2012. Petrography, geochemistry and genesis of the Hamyard iron deposit, northeast of Semnan. M.Sc. Thesis, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran, 175 pp. (in Persian with English abstract). Huston, D.L., Relvas, J.M.R.S., Gemmell, J.B. and Drieberg, S., 2011. The role of granites in volcanic-hosted massive sulphide ore-forming systems: an assessment of magmatic–hydrothermal contributions. Mineralium Deposita, 46(5–6), 473–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-010-0322-7 Large, R.R., 1992. Australian volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits; features, styles, and genetic models. Economic Geology, 87(3): 471–510. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.3.471 Large, R.R., McPhie, J., Gemmell, J.B., Herrmann, W. and Davidson, G.J., 2001. The spectrum of ore deposit types, volcanic environments, alteration halos, and related exploration vectors in submarine volcanic successions: Some examples from Australia. Economic Geology, 96(5): 913–938. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.96.5.913 Ohmoto, H. and Skinner, B.L., 1983. The Kuroko and related volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits: Introduction and summary of new findings. In: H. Ohmoto and B.J. Skinner (Editors), Kuroko and related volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits. Economic Geology, Canada, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5382/Mono.05.01 Shahri, M., 2011. Investigation of skarnization, metasomatism and related to mineralization in Zartul area (Northeast Semnan). M.Sc. thesis, University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran, 144 pp. (in Persian with English abstract)

Winter frost injury is a major limiting factor for olive cultivation in temperate regions. The response of olive shoots to freezing stress can be used for selecting genotypes resistant to freezing. The electrolyte leakage (EL) and tetrazolium tests (TZ) are commonly used to evaluate dead tissues in cold stress studies. The temperature–response curve of dead tissues to lethal temperature (LT) is measured with models to calculate LT50 and LT90. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy and efficiency of eighteen nonlinear regression models (NLRs) in calculating LT50 and LT90 of freezing stress in different olive cultivars at various stages of dormancy. After evaluating the prediction performance of NLR models, it was found that only eight models were suitable for the purpose of this research out of the eighteen models examined. The 2p-logistic and Gompertz models were selected for modeling EL and TZ, respectively. Our research findings indicate that the Roughani, Kawi, and Zard varieties of olive trees exhibit the best performance under artificial temperature-controlled conditions. Our findings provide valuable insights into selecting frost-resistant cultivars and designing effective strategies for cold acclimation in olive cultivation.

E-commerce plays an important role in the world economy. A wide variety of websites have been designed to provide the ability of searching different types of products. Carpet is such a product which cannot be addressed easily with a special code in markets due to the huge variety in its specifications such as layout, color, and texture. This paper introduces a content-based image retrieval system for carpet e-commerce application. This system helps development of the carpet e-commerce where an image can be used instead of any tags including codes or models. An image database containing various Persian carpet images is also made for this application. Furthermore, several content-based image retrieval methods are studied and applied on the carpet database and inspiring by the evaluation results, two methods, QCLD and DCDIP are proposed for carpet e-commerce application. Simulation results show 3.1% and 2.3% decrease on the ANMRR value for the proposed QCLD and DCDIP methods respectively. Retrieval running times also are reported 2.84 and 8.15 seconds for the QCLD and DCDIP methods. In overall, these results reflect higher retrieval performance for the proposed methods

The concept of right is a meaningful, logical and justifiable claim in the realm of man and obtained in the direction of his dignity and honor. This concept, like a sword in the bottom of a drunken bell, is the basis for the dialectic of rebirth and backwardness in modern and classical thought. Catholic political theology, meanwhile, has a concept of right, contrary to the established dogmatic theory of riot and special burden on believers. The leading essay, based on library studies and descriptive-analytical approach, is written in order to achieve the form of right in Catholic political theology and its comparative measurement with the modern concept of right (the main issue of the research). This notion of right, although considered evil in some readings, is, in contrast, in addition to historical factors and environmental contexts, an epistemological ground for the development of the modern concept of right and, at other times, a catalyst for the acceptance and development of the concept of Modern right. حق، ادعایی معنـادار و هویتی منطقـی و موجه­ شدنی در گستره انسان و به دست آمده در راستای منزلت و شرافت او است. این مقاله می­ کوشد به تاریخ مفهوم حق و جایابی آن در الاهیات سیاسی کاتولیک بپردازد. پس از آن و با دریافت دلالت­ های حق در گزاره­ های الاهیاتی کاتولیک، مبتنی بر مطالعات کتابخانه ­ای و رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی، مفهوم حق مدرن را در نسبت با آن قرار می ­دهد. برای این نسبت­ سنجی، دست کم دو راه وجود دارد: یکی بررسی مبانی توجیهی حق در الاهیات سیاسی کاتولیک و دیگری بررسی معنا، نقش، جایگاه و کارکرد حق در گفتمان الاهیاتی کاتولیک. به نظر می ­رسد ریشه­ هایی در الاهیات قابل دریافت است که افزون بر عوامل تاریخی و بسترهای محیطی، زمینه ه­ای معرفتی برای تکوین مفهوم مدرن حق و در برهه ه­ای دیگر، کاتالیزری برای پذیرش و توسعه مفهوم مدرن حق فراهم می­ ساخت.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures have limited outdoor activities for many people, including university students who live inside the campus and far from their families. We investigated if and how the fear of COVID-19 had impacted visiting green areas and consequently the quality of life. Methods: The assessments were taken through a questionnaire-based survey of the university students living inside the campus in two universities (Konkuk and Sejong universities) in Seoul, South Korea in 2021 (n=255). Measuring three variables, the participants were asked to self-estimate their fear of COVID-19 and quality of life during the pandemic, and the time and frequency of the park visit. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to explore the potential relationship between the three main observed variables. Results: In the case of the campus students, visiting the green area cannot play a mediating impact on the effect of the COVID-19 fear and quality of life. Likewise, the data did not support the effect of COVID-19 fear on the quality of life for this group of students, however, significant correlations were found between the COVID-19fear and visiting green spaces (P

In today's competitive world, various organizations have been constantly concerned with improving production processes as a way to enhance product quality. Experiment design is a statistical quality control method leading to increased product quality, and thereby, enhanced manufacturing productivity. The present study set out to identify and prioritize the defects in industrial paints produced by Partofooldam industrial paint manufacturing company through failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and to determine optimal value levels for the identified effective factors using Taguchi Orthogonal Array Method. To serve the purpose, six trihedral factors and one dihedral factor were defined and the L18 array was selected for designing the required experiments. The findings indicated that the best paint quality was obtained in the experimental condition with over 10 micron granulation, peak metal temperature (PMT) of 232°C, high quality pigment, resin content of 55%, catalyst content of 4.1%, using medium quality plate and maximum content of additives. The effectiveness of the proposed method was determined by comparing the risk priority number (RPN) in FMEA before and after implementing Taguchi Method which showed a 19 point drop in the mean RPNs for all the identified problems. The results verified the impact of Taguchi’s method on reducing product failure risk and enhancing product quality.

Oğuz Türklerinin büyük bir bölümü arasında etkili olan Alevilik, çeşitli coğrafyalarda farklı adlarla tanınsa da tek bir çatı altında günümüze kadar süregelmiştir. Alevi inancına sahip olan topluluklar dil ve kültür bakımından birbirlerinden farklılık gösterseler de Hz. Ali ve on iki imama sevgi beslemek bakımından ortak özellikler paylaşmaktadırlar. IX. yüzyıldan itibaren İran coğrafyası, Aleviler için önemli bir merkez haline geldi. 864 yılında Taberistan’da ilk Alevi hükümetinin kurulmasıyla birlikte Alevilik ve Şiilik İran’da yayılmaya başladı. Safeviler döneminde Şiiliğin resmî mezhep konumuna gelmesiyle birlikte İran tarihinde yeni bir sayfa açılmış oldu. Söz konusu durum ister istemez edebî eserlere özellikle şiire yansımaya başladı. Bu dönemde Şah İsmail başta olmak üzere birçok şairin şiirinde Hz. Ali ve onunla ilgili konular ana temalardan birini oluşturdu. Hz. Ali sevgisini kendi eserlerinde geniş ölçüde yansıtmaya çalışan şairlerden biri de Mevlana Himmetî-yi Engûrânî’dir. XVI. yüzyılda yaşadığı tahmin edilen Himmetî, iki ayrı bölümden oluşan divanını Azerbaycan Türkçesiyle kaleme almıştır. Divanın birinci bölümünü Hz. Ali’ye ayırmış, destansı ve tasavvufî bir üslupla onun faziletlerini içtenlikle anlatmıştır. Himmetî, Hz. Ali’nin izinden gidenlerin kemale erebileceklerini, gitmeyenlerin ise hüsrana uğrayacaklarını vurgulamaktadır. Bu yazıda, Himmetî ve onun Türkçe divanı üzerinde durulmuş, bu şairin dünya görüşünde Hz. Ali’nin yeri incelenmiştir. Günümüze kadar Himmetî, edebiyat çevrelerinde çok tanınmasa da Azerbaycan Türkçesini ustaca kullanan bir Türk şairdir. Himmetî divanında yer yer Eski Oğuz Türkçesinin de özellikleri görülmektedir.

İran kütüphaneleri Farsça ve Arapça eserlerin yanı sıra Türkçe kaynaklar açısından da oldukça zengindir. Bu kütüphanelerin arşivlerinde bulunan yüzlerce Türkçe yazma ve basma eser, geçmiş yüzyıllarda Türk dilinin İran coğrafyasında ne kadar etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. İran kütüphanelerinde din, dil, edebiyat, tarih vb. alanlardaki Türkçe eserler son zamanlarda birçok araştırmacının dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Azerbaycan Türkçesinin bir diyalektine dayanarak tercüme edilmiş Yeni Ahit'in Luka İncili ele alınmıştır. Eserin dil özellikleri üzerinde durulmuş, çevirinin yapıldığı dönemin ağız özellikleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Eser Lukanın İncili başlığı altında İran Milli Kütüphanesinde 269 numarayla kayıtlıdır. Eseri incelediğimizde, son yüzyılda İran'da Türkçenin hangi ölçüde değişime uğradığı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Lukanın İncili gösterdiği dil özellikleri itibariyle gerek Azerbaycan Türkçesi gerekse İran Türk ağızları için önemli bir kaynak sayılabilir.

Introduction The Seh Qaleh agates, located at 120 km NW Birjand, are parts of Central Iranian (Lut block) (Aghanabati, 2004) with geographic coordinates of 58˚ 00′ to 58˚ 30′ longitudes and 33˚ 00′ to 34˚ 00′ latitudes. The host rocks of the agates are Eocene-Oligocene tuff, andesite and basalt. Silica mineralization in the area has occurred inside the volcanic units in the form of filling cavity and fractures. Here, the agates have very attractive textures such as concentric, flow and dogtooth textures that are accompanied with jasper, amethyst, opal, calcite and gypsum. Although Seh Qaleh agates are attractive and delightful, with high economical values, there is no scientific research about them. Therefore, their petrography, geochemistry and Raman spectroscopic characteristics are reported in the present paper for the first time. Materials and methods More than 400 samples of agates have been collected for this research study and five of these samples were in yellow, white, green, red and black colors. Moreover, four of these rocks were selected for major and trace elements analysis by XRF and ICP-MS. The samples were powdered in Tehran University by a tungsten carbide mill and analyzed in the Zarazma Company (Mashhad). XRD analyses and Raman spectroscopic studies on the agate of the Seh Qaleh area were done in Damghan and Shahrood University of Technology, respectively. Petrography and Raman spectroscopy The combination of different analytical techniques such as polarizing microscope, XRD and Raman spectroscopy provided information about the distribution of silica phases in the Seh Qaleh agates. Polarizing microscopy was used here to distinguish between the chalcedony and quartzine fibrous varieties. Moganite has similar optical properties with chalcedony, whose presence in agate is difficult to reveal. Thus, Raman studies were used to investigate these structural disparities. Raman spectroscopic studies showed that moganite and chalcedony can be distinguished based on their different spectral characteristics (Fig. 4, B, C). The use of a focused laser beam (diameter 1 μm) enabled us to analyze the variations in phase composition in the μm-range. The measurement of Seh Qaleh agates by Raman spectroscopy provided an overview of the quantitative distribution of moganite in the studied samples, in which the fibrous chalcedonies contain more moganite in comparison with nodule chalcedonies (Fig. 4, B, C). The presence and spatial distribution of different silica phases in the Seh Qaleh agates is a result of the primary crystallization processes such as temperature and chemistry conditions (Götze, 2011). Moreover, the presence of moganite and calcite in the Seh Qaleh, confirmed by petrography and XRD studies suggest that the agates had formed in an arid, alkaline environment. Geochemistry of the agates Major and trace elements can be incorporated into the agates by substitution of Si by Al, Fe, Na, and Ca and as inclusions or fluid inclusions. The substitution of these elements are limited due to the small number of ions that have similar ionic radii and valence and can substitute for Si4+ in the crystal structure. The Seh Qaleh agates have 95.78 to 98.9 wt.% SiO2 with minor amounts of Al2O3 (0.01-0.34 wt.%), Fe2O3 (0.01-1.07 wt.%), Na2O (0.11-0.15 wt.%), and CaO (0.01-0.4 wt.%), supplied from alteration of the volcanic host rocks. The high concentrations of U in some of the agates of the study area (especially ~ 38 ppm in the red one) are surprising and propose the operation of specific processes for mobilization, transport and deposition. These processes caused concentrations of U in quartz and chalcedony that can exceed the concentration of U in the Seh -Qaleh volcanic rocks (Table 1). Zielinski (1979) observed a parallel accumulation of Si and U and investigated the mobility of U during the alteration of volcanic rocks. Based on the theory that the transport of chemical compounds is mainly realized by diffusion processes in aqueous fluids (e.g. Si as monomeric silicic acid Si(OH)4), Porter and Weber (1971) inferred for the uranyl ion a complex with monomeric silica UO2SiO(OH)3+. In addition, the presence of calcite, as associated mineral with silica polymorphs and the concentration of Na, K and Ca elements in agates, indicate that volatile chloride compounds might play a role in the alteration of volcanic rocks as well as the mobilization and transport of SiO2 and other chemical compounds (Götze et al. 2012). Acknowledgements Thanks to the Shahrood University of Technology for supporting this project under grants provided by the research council.

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate public policy of Iran based on the theory of good governance. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that the Islamic Republic of Iran has not been so successful in public policy in terms of executing the criteria of good governance. However, some potentials such as the constitution, 20-year perspective, and even development plans to guide policy making towards the model of good governance should not be ignored; particularly that by the announcement of general policies of the official system and resistance economy, some strategic and practical procedures have been planned to achieve the standards of good governance.

One of the manifestations of rule of law is constitutionalism that entered into legal-political arena in the 18th century. Henceforth, many countries have considered the Constitution as the main manifestation of constitutionalism. Accordingly, Algeria and Iran had their own Constitution in 1963 and 1906 respectively for the first time. Their Constitutions needed support from a superior independent institution. The first Algerian Constitution appointed constitutional council as centralized and expert institution to take charge of basic hearing. However, the first Iranian Constitution embraced sharia hearing institution and basic hearing was not in Iranian Constitution until 1979. In general, the nature at basic hearing divided into political and legal parts. The structure of this research is based on the aforementioned classification. The main object of the research is to demonstrate the nature of basic hearing in Algeria and Iran by using documentary method to analyze and to explain the nature of institution that supervises the execution of the Constitution. The results show the multi–dimensional nature of these two institutions.

An overview on the history of Turkic language indicates that religious works have a special place in this field. In particular, a considerable part of prose works have religious content. At the same time with adoption of Islam by Turkic people, numerous works were written about religion, culture and history of Islam. Among them, it can be refer to translations of Quran, commentaries, the history of prophets, lives of religious elders, jurisprudential books and the like, which have been written to promote Islam, the correct teaching of religious laws and their implementation. In Turkic language, the works with such contents have been often translated from Persian or Arabic. The purpose of present study was to investigate the Chagatai translation of Keydani jurisprudence as one of the important juristic books of Hanafi School. The original work has been written in Arabic by Lutfullah Keydani (d. 1349). This book had been considered as one of the important sources of jurisprudence during that era and afterwards and was later translated into Persian and Turkic languages. The translations are known by many different names because they have been translated by different translators. One of the considered translations is Muʻallimu'l-Etrak. This book is kept in the National Library of Iran under number 34234. In present study, the book has been introduced and some of its general features as well as its linguistic features have been discussed.

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer. The purpose of this study is a targeted delivery toward in vitro (on MCF7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines) through niosomes-based nanocarriers. To this end, different bioactive molecules, including hyaluronic acid (HA), folic acid (FA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), were used and compared for surface modification of niosomes to enhance endocytosis. FA-functionalized niosomes (Nio/5-FU/FA) were able to increase cell cytotoxicity and reduce cell migration and invasion compared to PEG-functionalized niosomes (Nio/5-FU/PEG), and HA-functionalized niosomes (Nio/5-FU/HA) groups in MCF-7 and 4T1 cell lines. Although the Nio/5-FU/PEG and Nio/5-FU/HA demonstrated MCF7 cell uptake, the Nio/5-FU/FA exhibited the most preponderant endocytosis in pH 5.4. Remarkably, in this study 5-FU loaded niosomes (nonionic surfactant-based vesicles) were decorated with various bioactive molecules (FA, PEG, or HA) to compare their ability for breast cancer therapy. The fabricated nanoformulations were readily taken up by breast cancer cells (in vitro) and demonstrated sustained drug release characteristics, inducing cell apoptosis. Overall, the comprehensive comparison between different bioactive molecules-decorated nanoniosomes exhibited promising results in finding the best nano formulated candidates for targeted delivery of drugs for breast cancer therapy.

Background: Provided that COVID-19 pandemic has led to mental wellbeing disorders for city dwellers, and given that there is a significant association between outdoor activities and mental health, this paper investigated how the frequency of walking during the pandemic contributes to the immediate and subsequent ‘mood’. Methods: A longitudinal data collection method was adopted to verify the ‘mood’ of the participants before and after walking. The survey was conducted with 100 participants in a walking path in Shiraz, Iran, on Jan 2021. The quantitative analysis methods were performed in SPSS to examine the mental wellbeing outcomes of walking in the outdoor walking path when considering the psychological impacts of the pandemic and the quantity. Results: The result affirms the positive contribution of walking in the improvement of mental-wellbeing-mood during the pandemic; though, such a mood boost is in a direct relationship with the quantity of the activity within a week. Moreover, other factors can play a significant role, including the ‘mood before walking’, and the age of the participants. Conclusion: It is likely that encouraging people to consider walking as their routine activity can lead to several positive consequences on mental wellbeing since walking as a basic outdoor activity during the pandemic can contribute on the mood.

Introduction The majority of recent works accept that agates are formed at temperatures