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Mali tablo okuryazarlığı özellikle bilanço ve gelir tablosundaki bilgileri anlama, amaç doğrultusunda kullanma ve çıkan sonuçları yorumlama olarak ifade edilebilir. Mali tablo okuryazarlığı ile karıştırılan finansal okuryazarlık konusunda literatürde çok fazla sayıda çalışmaya rastlanmaktadır. Ancak aynı durum mali tablo okuryazarlığı için geçerli değildir. Salt mali tablo okuryazarlığı konusunun ele alındığı çalışmalar çok az, çalışmaların kapsamları ise geniş değildir. İster stratejik olsun isterse de olağan olsun çoğu kararlarda işletme yönetici-sahiplerinin, SMMM’lerin ve banka kredi yetkililerinin söz hakkı bulunmaktadır. Bu üç kesimin mali tablo okuryazarlık düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik bir çalışmaya ise tarafımızca rastlanmamıştır. Bu açıdan literatürde bir eksikliğin/boşluğun olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlayacağı ve mali tablo okuryazarlık konusuna akademik çevrenin ilgisini artıracağı düşünülmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, mali tablo okuryazarlığının önemini, finansal okuryazarlıktan farklılığını vurgulamak ve bilgi kullanıcılarının (işletme yönetici-sahipleri, SMMM’ler ve banka kredi temsilcileri) mali tablo okuryazarlık düzeylerini belirlemektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için 2022 yılı Temmuz ayında, Sivas’ta, bu üç kesimden oluşan 378 kişiye anket uygulanmıştır. Anket formunda bilanço ve gelir tablosundaki bilgilerin anlamları; hesaplar arasındaki ilişkilerin neyi ifade ettiği; çıkan sonuçların işletmeyi ne yönde etkileyeceği vb. konularla ilgili ifadelere yer verilmiştir. Anketin Cronbach Alpha katsayısı 0,885 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi için SPSS 25 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların her bir ifade için belirttikleri görüşlerin standart sapması (ss) ve aritmetik ortalaması (x̄) hesaplanmış; görüşlerin teoriye uygunluk/uygunsuzluk düzeyleri belirlenmiş ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Son olarak katılımcıların mali tablo okuryazarlık düzeylerinin puan cinsinden belirlenmesi amacıyla çalışmada bir puan skalası geliştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, aldıkları puan değerlerine göre mali tablo okuryazarlık düzeyinin banka kredi temsilcilerinde yüksek, SMMM’lerde orta ve işletme yönetici-sahiplerinde ise çok düşük olduğu görülmüştür. SMMM ve banka kredi temsilcilerinin ifadelere ait görüşlerinin işletme yönetici-sahiplerine kıyasla teoriye daha uygun olduğu saptanmıştır. İşletme yönetici-sahiplerinin mali tablolara yansımayan bilgilere de sahip olmaları onların mali tabloları önemsemelerini ve bu tabloları anlama gayreti göstermelerini olumsuz etkilediği değerlendirilmiştir.

Background/Aims: The aim of our study was to investigate the underlying causes behind the etiology of cirrhosis in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: The study was comprised of patients with cirrhosis located in the gastroenterology clinics of 28 centers in Türkiye between January 2000 and June 2021. Results: The study group consisted of 4953 cirrhotic patients (median age: 62.2 years, male / female: 58% / 42%). Among the patients, 39% of the patients were compensated, and 61% were decompensated. Furthermore, 47.5% had Child-Pugh class A, 38% had ChildPugh class B, and 14.5% had Child-Pugh class C. The most frequent complaints were abdominal bloating (28%). Ascites (54.2%) was the most common manifestation of decompensation. The median Child-Pugh and MELD-Na scores were 7.0 and 10.0, respectively. The most common cause of cirrhosis was chronic viral hepatitis (43%), followed by cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) (19%), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related cirrhosis (13%), and alcohol-related cirrhosis (11%). Among the 950 patients with CC, 416 had metabolic abnormalities. If these 416 CC patients with metabolic abnormalities were categorized as having MASLDrelated cirrhosis, the proportion of MASLD-related cirrhosis increased to 21%. Thirteen percent of the patients were diagnosed with HCC, while 4% had extrahepatic malignancy. Female breast cancer (18%) and colorectal cancer (18%) were the most frequent extrahepatic malignancies. Conclusion: Viral hepatitis remains the main cause of cirrhosis in Türkiye. However, its prevalence seems to be declining, whereas the prevalence of steatotic liver disease-related cirrhosis is increasing.

Abstract Background Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), adapted to tropical and subtropical regions of the world, is highly sensitive to low temperatures throughout its life cycle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mitigating effects of different doses of animal-derived (0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00% Isabion® ), seaweed-based (0.165%, 0.330%, and 0.660% Proton®) biostimulants, as well as a copper (Cu)-containing fungicide application, on cotton cultivar Lazer seedlings at the four true leaves (V4) stage. The plants were exposed to a low temperature of 5 °C for 48 h, and the changes in morphological (seedling fresh and dry weight, plant height, and stem diameter) and physiological parameters (leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and relative injury) were examined. Results The results revealed that chilling stress reduced plant growth, while biostimulants helped protect the plants and overcome the adverse effects of chilling. Under chilling stress, there was a considerable reduction in seedling fresh weight (SFW), seedling dry weight (SDW), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf temperature (LT), and relative water content (RWC). Cotton seedlings treated with the animal-derived biostimulants showed significantly enhanced SFW, SDW, PH, SD, LT, chlorophyll content (Chl), electrolyte leakage (EL), and relative injury (RI), although there were no positive changes in RWC. No significant differences in the morphological traits were observed among the doses of seaweed biostimulants. For SDW, PH, EL, and RI, the best results were obtained with the application of a fungicide containing copper. Conclusion These results show the efficiency of the biostimulant and fungicide treatments in mitigating low-temperature stress in cotton seedlings. Applying a copper-containing fungicide to cotton seedlings helped to counteract the negative effects of low-temperature stress and to protect the plants from damage by maintaining electrolyte balance. Among the biostimulant applications, all levels of animal-derived biostimulant applications, as well as the 0.660% level of the seaweed-derived biostimulant, led to increased tolerance of cotton plants to chilling stress.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure in which endoscopy and fluoroscopy are used together to diagnose and treat problems in the pancreatic and biliary ductal systems. According to published studies, the frequency of perforation associated with ERCP is reported to be less than 1%. In our study, we aimed to retrospectively analyze the data of patients we followed after ERCP perforation to examine treatment approaches. In this study, data from 33 patients who underwent ERCP at a tertiary stage education and research hospital between November 2016 and April 2021 and were identified to have developed perforation during or after the procedure were retrospectively evaluated. The indications and outcomes of ERCP for patients, as well as laboratory and imaging findings, were analyzed in detail. The age distribution of the 33 patients included in the study ranged from 20 to 83 years, with a mean age of 57.1±17.6 years. Perforation developed during the initial ERCP procedure in 66.7% of the patients, and on seven of the ten patients in whom perforation was detected during the procedure, interventions were performed during the procedure. Although the mortality rate in patients with Stapfer type 1 or type 2 perforations (33.3%) was higher compared to the patients with type 3 or type 4 perforations (11.1%), the observed difference was not found to be statistically significant. In conclusion, the management of patients with ERCP perforation should be approached in a multidisciplinary manner, and non-operative approaches should always be considered in the appropriate patient population. Closely and dynamically monitoring of patients and algorithmic approaches should standardized. [Med-Science 2024; 13(3.000): 736-42]

İnsanoğlunun üzerinde durduğu en önemli konuların başında “adalet” gelmektedir. Adalet kavramı, tarih boyunca hem bireysel hem de toplumsal yönüyle incelenmiş ve incelenecektir. İnsanlık tarihi boyunca gelir dağılımı da sürekli gündemde olmuş ama çoğu kez bu dağılımda adaletin tesis edilemediği görülmüştür. Avrupa’da sanayi devrimiyle oluşan işçi sınıfının haklarının hiçe sayılması, toplumdaki sosyal adaletsizliğin daha çok belirginleşmesine ve yüksek sesle tartışılmaya başlanmasına sebep olmuştur. İçinde insan faktörü bulunan sosyo-ekonomik tüm problemler güvenilir, doğru ve şeffaf bilgilerin paylaşılmasıyla çözümlenebilir. Toplam kazanç ve kayıpların toplumda adil olarak dağıtılmasında muhasebe bilimi önemli roller oynayabilir. Zira sosyal adaletin tesisindeki aşamalardan birisi dağıtıma konu olacak milli gelirin tespitidir ve muhasebe bilimi bu tespitte önemli görevler üstlenmektedir. Yine muhasebe bilimi ve bilgisi, işletmelere sunulan mali danışmanlık ve bilgilendirme misyonu ile işletmelerin büyümelerinde ve bu sayede dağıtılacak toplam gelirin artmasında da kilit role sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, muhasebe biliminin ve bilgisinin sosyal adaletin tesisinde oynadığı roller üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu bilim dalının hangi açılardan gelirin doğru tespitine ve artışına destek olduğu tartışılmıştır. Hem gelirin doğru olarak tespitinde hem de dağıtıma konu olacak gelirin artışında mesleki etik kurallarına uyumun önemli olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda muhasebe biliminin ve bilgisinin özellikle ekonomik kalkınma, kayıtdışı ekonomi ile mücadele, gelirin/kârın doğru hesaplanması ve kamuyu aydınlatma ve şeffaflık açısından önemli ve değerli roller oynadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Bu çalışma kapsamında, havacılık sektöründe kullanılan aviyonik bir ürün için, titreşim fikstürü tasarlanarak doğrulanmıştır. Sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak modal analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modal analizlerle tasarımı doğrulanan model, üretildikten sonra titreşim testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Titreşim testleri esnasında ivmeölçerler yardımıyla veri toplanarak analiz sonuçları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Korelasyonu sağlanan analiz ve test sonuçları ile titreşim fikstür tasarımının uygunluğu değerlendirilmiştir.

Objective:We aimed to investigate the relationship between Peyronie’s disease (PD) and the visceral adiposity index (VAI), which is thought to predict visceral obesity homogeneously.Materials and Methods:We included 102 healthy volunteers (Group 1) and 89 patients with PD (Group 2) in this retrospective study. We recorded demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data, including age, comorbidity, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), visceral adiposity index testosterone (VAI), serum fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG). For Group 2 participants, plaque size, duration of symptoms, and degree of penile curvature were recorded.Results:The mean ages of Group 1 and Group 2 were 55.12±9.51 years and 54.79±9.99 years, respectively (p>0.05). The mean BMI, WC, VAI, fasting glucose, and TG values were significantly higher in Group 2 (p0.05). The mean IIEF score was lower in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p=0.008). An increase of 1 unit in the VAI value increases the probability of having PD 1.2 times (p=0.001). Each VAI integer increase decreased 1.25 points in the IIEF score, a 1 mm increase in plaque size, and a 1.98-degree increase in curvature.Conclusion:Our study has shown that VAI can be used as a reliable, independent risk factor for plaque size and penile curvature in patients with patients with PD.

Vascular inflammation has a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerosis and major cardiovascular events (MACE). However, there is limited data concerning to role of changes in inflammatory markers in predicting MACE. In the current study, it was investigated whether the difference between high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and systemic immune-inflammatory index values (Δhs CRP and ΔSII) measured before and after the procedure and residual SYNTAX score (rSS) in stable coronary artery patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) could predict MACE. 203 patients (mean age: 62.11±9.20, 75% male) were included in the study. Before the first procedure and at the 1st month after the procedure(s), their blood was drawn. rSS was calculated. MACE was determined as cardiovascular mortality, target vessel revascularization non-fatal myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. MACE was observed in 20 patients (9.9%). Of these patients, 3 (1.5%) had cardiovascular mortality, 3 (1.5%) had a non-fatal myocardial infarction, 12 (5.9%) had target vessel revascularization due to unstable angina, and the remaining 2 (1.0%) had an ischemic stroke. The area under the curve (AUC) to predict MACE diagnosis was 0.548 for ΔSII and 0.647 for Δhs-CRP and 0.766 for rSS. In multiple regression analysis, only rSS > 4 was an independent predictor for MACE (HR=3.41, 95% CI: 1.39-8.35, p=0.007). The change in SII and hs-CRP after PCI was found to be insufficient to predict MACE, while rSS was the only independent predictor for MACE. [Med-Science 2023; 12(2.000): 536-41]

Aim: Patients infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at a higher risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the recent advancement of antiviral therapy, many patients still cannot respond to existing therapies. Hence, to detect the changes in liver function earlier, non-invasive methods are needed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in essential biological process as well as human cancer. LncRNAs may be used as biomarkers in human diseases. Thus, in this study, we purposed to analyze the expression levels of lncRNAs (HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), maternally expressed 3 (MEG-3), highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC)) in patients with hepatitis B virus and healthy volunteers. Methods: We selected three lncRNAs as candidate lncRNAs based on their association with liver disease. Whole blood samples were collected from 40 patients with HBV and 48 healthy volunteers. The expression levels of all the samples were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis was implemented using GraphPad Prism software. A p-value lower than 0.05 was statistically meaningful. Results: The expression levels of HOTAIR and HULC were remarkably upregulated in the plasma of the patients with HBV compared with healthy control (p Conclusion: Our findings showed that the expression of HOTAIR and HULC in plasma might be new promising diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers for HBV.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammation has a role in both the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin are indicators of inflammation and related to atherosclerosis and stroke. The ratio of CRP to albumin (CAR) is thought to have prognostic significance in systemic inflammation. However, the relationship between CAR and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is yet to be clarified. METHODS: Between January 2016 and January 2018, 477 patients who were hospitalized in the Neurology Department with a diagnosis of AIS and 189 control cases were examined. Stroke severity of patients who admitted in first 24 h were evaluated with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. The relationship between CAR and stroke severity, early prognosis, and etiologic subtypes was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 69.54+-12.8. While 52.2% of patients were male, 47.8% were female. The mean CAR values were 66.79+-9.02 in the patient group and 36.19+-3.56 in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (p14) groups in terms of CAR values (60.7+-8.5; 87.7+-9.53; and 89.04+-12.02) (p=0.0019). The mean CAR values in the atherothrombotic and cardioembolic groups were 94.553+-9.36 and 60.974+-9.36, respectively, and there was significant difference between the two groups (p=0.004). In terms of early prognosis, the mean CAR value of good prognosis (mRS: 0–2) and poor prognosis (mRS: 3–6) patients was 60.72+-8.86 and 85.16+-9.33, respectively. There was a strong statistical relationship between the CAR values and early prognosis (p

Catestatin (CST) is a metabolite of chromogranin A, a soluble protein in catecholamine storage vesicles acting as a feedback inhibitor of catecholamine secretion. This study aims to investigate the correlation of catestatin with dipper and non-dipper status in hypertensive patients. Hypertensive (n=355) and healthy subjects (n=129) were randomly selected at an outpatient clinic. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured according to relevant guidelines. Plasma catestatin level, plasma glucose, lipid levels were measured. An ambulatory blood pressure monitor was performed to determine the dipping patterns in hypertensive subjects. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess factors affecting catestatin levels. Left ventricular mass was higher among hypertensives compared with healthy controls (178±47 g versus 213±52 g in healthy controls and hypertensives, p [Med-Science 2022; 11(4.000): 1402-8]

INTRODUCTION: Magnesium is known to have important effects on vascular system and deficiency of magnesium triggers vasoconstriction and facilitates vascular endothelial damage. There were conflicting results in several studies searched for relationship between magnesium levels, etiologic subtypes, and lesion size in ischemic stroke. We aimed to examine relationship between serum magnesium levels and etiology of stroke as well as lesion size and localization. METHODS: A total of 545 patients over the age of 18 years who presented within the first 24 h of acute ischemic stroke and 189 healthy controls were included in the study. Patients were grouped according to TOAST classification and also as anterior and posterior circulation infarcts. Infarct volume was estimated using MRI scan as large (≥5 cm3) and small (

Sugar beet is an important agricultural and industrial crop that contributes to Turkey’s economy. It is not only the source of sugar production in our country but also become an important sector with seed production. The seeds are one of the most important issues directly affecting the root yield and quality of sugar beet. There are a lot of registered sugar beet varieties and sufficient seed production in Turkey. According to the data in 2020 year, the seeds of sugar beet varieties were produced with a sowing area of 11.891 decare, seed production was 2.317 tons and 198 kg/da in seed yield. The seed amount is completely belonging to the seed companies operating in the private sector. Besides, 413 tons of sugar beet seeds were imported and 11.312 million dollars was paid, while 143 tons of seeds were exported and 1.584 million dollars income was obtained in 2020. The sugar beet plant produces leaves above the ground and root in the first year, and grows the stem, branch, flower and seeds in the second year. Therefore, seed production needs a long time and intensive labor requirement. In order to shorten this two-year period in seed production of sugar beet, firstly seedlings belonging to male and female lines of a hybrid variety are grown and then, the seed production is performed by transplanting these seedlings. In this review, commercial hybrid seed production of sugar beet is explanied in detail.

The aim of our study was to compare the parameters of optical coherence tomography angiography between eyes with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and without (w/o) CSME in patients diagnosed with diabetic macular edema (DME). Sixty-eight eyes of 34 patients with DME were included in the cross-sectionally designed study. The eyes of the patients with DME were divided into 2 groups, including the eyes with CSME and the eyes w/o CSME. Optical coherence tomography (OCTA) parameters, including central macular thickness, superficial and deep capillary plexus, and choriocapillaris flow area were evaluated between these two groups. Eyes with CSME had a thicker central retinal thickness (CRT), (P≤0.001) and worse visual acuity (VA), (P=0.002), and there was a strong negative correlation between CRT and VA among patients with CSME (r=-0.616, P≤0.001). We observed increases in the vessel density (VD) measurements of the superficial fovea (P=0.006) and deep fovea areas (P=0.036), whereas reductions in the VD measurements of other deeper plexuses in the comparison of eyes with CSME and w/o CSME in patients with diagnosis of DME. We did not note significant differences between FAZ metrics. OCTA could be used as a noninvasive modality to assess and compare the structural and vasculature changes in diabetic patients with or/and w/o CSME. [Med-Science 2022; 11(1.000): 208-13]

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of cold saline solution (0.9% NaCl) with topical ophthalmic proparacaine for maintaining topical anesthesia of patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery. Methods: The prospective, double-blinded, and randomized clinical study was randomly assigned to two groups that underwent phacoemulsification surgery due to cataracts. The cold saline group included 86 eyes of 86 patients with topical anesthesia of cold saline solution alone. The proparacaine group included 84 eyes of 84 patients with topical ophthalmic proparacaine (room temperature) anesthesia alone. The patients were scored according to a pain survey questionnaire of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranked between 0 and 10. The surgeon scored surgical experience by a Surgeon Questionnaire Scale (SQS) in three parameters, each of which was ranked from 1 to 3 based on questions regarding ease and comfort during the surgery. Results: The mean VAS scores were 1.29 ± 0.65 and 1.22 ± 0.66 for the cold saline and proparacaine groups, respectively (P = 0.182). The mean scores of SQS (lower values represented favorable results) were 4.11 ± 0.76 and 3.97 ± 0.74 in the cold saline and proparacaine groups, respectively (P = 0.163). Ten patients in the proparacaine group experienced corneal epitheliopathy in the postoperative period. Conclusion: As an easily accessible and cost-effective method, cold saline solution alone might be an alternative to topical ophthalmic proparacaine alone with comparable safe and effective results. The absence of allergic or toxic effects also provided a significant advantage in the cold saline application.

Hydatid cyst (HC) is a parasitic infection transmitted by oral ingestion of Echinococcus granulosus eggs. Isolated kidney involvement is extremely rare. It is even less common in children. We present a case of isolated renal HC in a 6-year-old boy from Şanlıurfa, southeast Turkey who complained of abdominal pain and distension. Cystectomy was performed with a flank incision using the extraperitoneal approach. No recurrence was detected in the postoperative 6-month follow-up. There are not enough data about the efficacy of medical treatment in renal HC. Therefore, medical treatment should be considered pre- and post-operatively to prevent dissemination, rather than being used as a primary treatment. Kidney-sparing surgery should be the first choice in patients with isolated renal HC. However, nephrectomy is recommended for nonfunctioning kidneys, large cysts thought to be connected with the collecting system, and cysts with suspicious tumor. In societies where HC disease is endemic, renal HC should be considered in children with cysts located in kidney, even if the indirect hemagglutination test is negative.

This study aimed to determine a useful selection criterion for salt tolerance during the early development stage of sugar beet. Four sugar beet cultivars (Orthega, Valentina, FD Shoot, and Mohican) were exposed to NaCl stresses (Control, 5, 10, and 15 dS m-1), and morphological and physiological characteristics were investigated. Germination percentage, mean germination time (MGT), seedling length, and seedling fresh weight (SFW) in germination test; emergence percentage, mean emergence time (MET), root length, shoot length, plant fresh weight, relative chlorophyll content (Chl), relative water content (RWC) and electrolyte leakage of the plants grown in pod experiment were measured. The results showed that the maximum germination at control was recorded in FD Shoot, but it gave the lowest germination at 15 dS m-1. In the pod experiment, the highest emergence rate was detected in Orthega and Mohican at all levels of NaCl. Increased salinity delayed MET and led to reduction in shoot length, root length, and RWC of sugar beet cultivars. Relative Chl content and electrolyte leakage enhanced from 32.7 SPAD and 21.6% in control to 38.5 SPAD and 35.6% in 10 dS m-1, respectively. In general, there were significant differences among sugar beet cultivars, and they could keep the salinity up to 5 dS m-1 in terms of the investigated traits. It was concluded that relative Chl content and electrolyte leakage should be used a promising clue for selection of tolerant or sensitive sugar beet cultivars for salinity.

To analyze prognostic factors associated with functional and anatomical results in closed globe injuries (CGIs) and open globe injuries (OGIs). One hundred and twenty patients who applied due to globe injuries were retrospectively examined in terms of prognostic factors affecting final visual acuity (FVA). The demographic features and clinical characteristics of the patients were evaluated in various parameters. Most traumas were open globe injuries (82.50%) and occurred at work (50%). CGIs had better baseline visual acuity (BVA) values and also showed better FVA outcomes. Among patients with OGIs, Intraocular foreign body (53.33%) and penetrating (36.11%) OGIs had the highest ratios for FVA ≥ 1/10. Eyes with zone II + III wounds had a tendency of FVA [Med-Science 2021; 10(3.000): 804-11]

Background and objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) in the treatment of Fournier gangrene (FG). Material and methods: Forty-eight male patients treated for Fournier gangrene were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups (Group I: conventional dressing, Group II: VAC therapy). Characteristics of the patients, laboratory parameters, number of debridement procedures, daily number of dressings, visual analogue scale (VAS) during dressing, analgesic requirement, colostomy requirement, time from the first debridement to wound closure, wound closure method, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates were compared. Results: Group I comprised 33 patients and Group II comprised 15 patients. The number of dressings, VAS score and daily analgesic requirement were statistically significantly lower in Group II (p < 0.05) than in Group I. The number of debridement procedures, colostomy requirement, orchiectomy rate, time from first debridement to wound closure, length of hospital stay, wound closure method and mortality rate were similar between these two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The clinical results of conventional dressing and VAC therapy were similar for treating FG. VAC therapy is an effective postoperative wound care method that offers less requirement for dressing changes, less pain, less analgesic requirement and more patient satisfaction compared to conventional dressing.

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection transmitted by oral ingestion of Echinococcus granulosus eggs. Hydatid cyst of the genital tract is rare and the occurrence in the uterus is an extreme rarity. We present an 8-yr-old girl with complaints of swelling of lower abdomen, pollakiuria and bilateral flank pain was brought to Emergency Department of Harran University, Turkey, in Jun 2019. The patient had simultaneous hydatid cysts of the liver, mesentery and uterus. We performed abdominal exploration and completely removed the inner germinal layer of cyst through an incision made in the anterior of the uterine fundus. Then, we applied total excision to the two cysts in the right and left colon mesentery. Finally, we performed partial cystectomy to the cyst in the liver, and we removed the cyst membrane totally. In endemic regions, hydatid cysts should be considered for the diagnosis of children with cystic mass lesions. Uterine-sparing approach should be kept in mind as an option, especially in young women. Early surgical treatment of large pelvic cysts that cause obstructive uropathy may prevent the progression of renal damage.

The aim of this study is to explore how structural and process aspects of secondary school students' mathematical reasoning support each other in a collaborative learning environment through the integration of "GeoGebra" software and the ACODESA method. The study involved four eighth-grade secondary school students, who participated in the research utilizing the classroom teaching experiment method. Data collection for the study included the utilization of three mathematical tasks focused on the triangle inequality and auxiliary elements of the triangle, alongside students' computer screenshots, written outputs, "GeoGebra" files, and audio-video recordings. Discourse analysis and Toulmin's model were adopted for data analysis. As a result of the data analysis, it was found that the process of comparing contributed to the construction of deductive reasoning, the processes of conjecturing and exemplifying contributed to the construction of abductive reasoning, and the processes of generalizing and identifying a pattern contributed to the construction of inductive reasoning. Additionally, the process of justifying was found to be linked to all structures of mathematical reasoning (deductive, abductive, and inductive). In conclusion, these connections between the structural and process aspects have improved our understanding of MR types and contributed to the elaboration of the conceptual model for mathematical reasoning available in the literature.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a prevalent disabling primary headache disorder that is classified into two major types: migraine without aura and migraine with aura. New therapeutic methods to reduce migraine headaches in the emergency department (ED) include intradermal mesotherapy. OBJECTIVE: Compare the efficacy of intradermal mesotherapy versus a systemic therapy in pain control in patients with headache related to migraine without aura. DESIGN: Prospective parallel-group randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University hospital in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients 18 years of age and older who were admitted to the ED over a 15-month period with headache related to migraine without aura were eligible for inclusion if they had a VAS score of 4 or above. Patients were randomly allocated to one session of mesotherapy or intravenous dexketoprofen. Changes in pain intensity were measured by the score on a visual analog scale (VAS) at 30, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours after treatment. Efficacy was also assessed by the need for use of an analgesic drug within 24 hours, by readmission with the same complaint to the ED within 72 hours, and by adverse effect rates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Pain intensity on the VAS scale. SAMPLE SIZE: 148 patients (154 enrolled and treated; 1 patient in the mesotherapy and 5 patients in the systemic therapy group lost to follow up). RESULTS: Pain intensity on the VAS scale decreased from a median score of 8 to 4 in the mesotherapy group and from 8 to 5 in the systemic therapy group. These differences were statistically significant from baseline for all time intervals (P=.001 to 30 minutes, P=.004 to 60 minutes, P=.005 to 120 minutes, and P=.002 to 24 hours). The need to use analgesics and the rate of readmission to the ED were higher in the systemic therapy group (P=.013 and P=.030, respectively). Adverse effect rates were minimal and similar in the study groups during the one-week follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Mesotherapy is more efficacious than intravenous dexketoprofen in the management of acute attack of migraine without aura in the ED. LIMITATIONS: Unblinded. Valid for assessing short-term pain relief, but not sufficient to predict long-term efficacy. Not generalizable because single center and small sample size. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04519346)

Bu çalışmanın amacı serbest muhasebeci mali müşavirlik mesleğinin enönemli aşamalarından birisi olan Staja Giriş Sınavı ve Yeterlilik Sınavınayönelik serbest muhasebeci mali müşavir ve adaylarının bakış açılarını tespitetmek ve konuyla ilgili değerlendirme yapmaktır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için5’li likert ölçeği kullanılarak hazırlanan anket formu, Sivas ilinde meslekodasına kayıtlı 109 adet serbest muhasebeci mali müşavire ve meslek adaylarınauygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda Staja Giriş ve Yeterlilik Sınavında ençok zorlanılan dersin maliyet muhasebesi dersi olduğu, en az zorlanılan dersinise meslek hukuku dersi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan sınavlarla ilgiliolarak sınav merkezi sayısının artırılması, dosya ve ruhsat ücretlerinin düşürülmesiisteği ve bunlara ek olarak iki gün üst üste bütün derslerin sınavınınyapılmasının başarıyı olumsuz etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural and functional changes occurring in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) according to the distance of the affected arteriovenous (AV) crossing to the centers of the fovea and optic disc by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Forty-five patients with unilateral BRVO and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this retrospective observational study. Images of the macula (3 mm × 3 mm) and affected AV crossing sites were obtained by OCTA. The fovea-AV crossing distance (FAVD), optic disc-AV crossing distance (DAVD), and optic disc-fovea distance (DFD) were measured. Results: The FAVD/DFD ratio was positively correlated with the vessel density in the superficial and deep affected hemifields (r = 0.430, P < 0.05 and r = 0.308, P < 0.05, respectively) and negatively correlated with the superficial foveal avascular zone and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity (r = –0.412, P < 0.05 and r = –0.356, P < 0.05, respectively). The DAVD/DFD ratio was not correlated with the logMAR visual acuity, superficial FAZ area or vessel densities in the affected hemifield (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: The affected AV crossing site that was further away from the fovea had better visual acuity and quantitative microvascular parameters in the affected hemifields. However, this correlation was not observed for the distance between the affected AV crossing site and the optic disc.

The effects of hot-cold bio-oil treatment on properties of wood material from pine species are not known. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of hot-cold bio-oil treatment on oil uptake, density and moisture content properties of Brutia pine wood. This study used castor oil (Ricinus communis L.), flaxseed oil (Oleum linii), mixtured oil (castor oil + flaxseed oil) and Brutian pine sapwood (Pinus brutia Ten.). The wood samples were treated with hot oil (110 ºC ± 2 ºC) for 6 hours before cold oil (23 ºC ± 2 ºC) for 2 hours. Then, the oil uptake, density and moisture content of treated and untreated wood samples were measured. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program (p0.05). The results showed that hot-cold bio-oil treatment had a significant effect on oil uptake, density and moisture content of Brutia pine wood; and there were significant differences among these effects at 95% confidence level. Such treatment increased the treated wood density between 40.38% - 78.85% compared to untreated wood, while it reduced the moisture content between 93.44% - 96.72%. It was measured the highest density in linseed oil treatment, and the lowest density in castor oil treatment. Flaxseed oil treatment gave the lowest moisture content, while the highest moisture content was measured in mixed oil treatment. Mixed oil treatment increased the moisture content compared to others; increased the density compared to castor oil; reduced compared to flaxseed oil. Accordingly, the moisture diffusion may have been prevented. Because the porosity and penetration in Brutia wood have been limited with reduced the moisture content and increased the density.

Tarım kredi kooperatifleri, üreticilerin ekonomik çıkarlarını korumak ve özellikle meslek ve geçimleriyle ilgili gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla karşılıklı yardım prensibine dayanılarak kurulan örgütlerdir. Bu örgütlenmeler, tarım sektöründe faaliyet gösteren birey ve işletmelere kaynak sağlama açısından önemli roller üstlenmektedirler. Kâr amacı gütmeyen tarım kredi kooperatiflerinin finansal açıdan incelenmesi, finansal başarılarının tespiti ve elde edilen bulgular ışığında öneriler sunulması çalışmanın önemli yanlarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı; tarım kredi kooperatiflerinin seçilmiş faaliyet ve kârlılık oranları açısından finansal analizlerini gerçekleştirmektir. Ayrıca etkinlik süresi ile nakit dönüşüm süresi de ele alınarak derinlik sağlanmıştır. Analizde, Samsun Bölge Birliği bünyesinde yer alan Amasya iline ait 16 tarım kredi kooperatifinin 2014-2018 dönemine ait bilanço-gelir tablolarından faydalanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, ticari alacakların ortalama devir hızının 1,13 ve tahsil süresinin ise 322 gün olduğu ve alacakların tahsilinde zorlanıldığı; stokların yılda 9,92 ve 37 günde bir elden çıkartılabildiği, bu açıdan alacakların tahsilinden daha iyi bir performans gösterildiği tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan etkinlik süresinin yıllar itibariyle azalış gösterdiği ve bu durumun olumlu olduğu; fakat nakit dönüşüm süresinin kısmi olarak artış yönlü bir seyir takip ettiği bu durumun ise olumsuz olduğu saptanmıştır. Kârlılık oranları açısından 13 kooperatifin net satışlarının ortalama %6’sı kadar net kâr elde ettikleri ve özsermaye kârlılıklarının ortalama %9 olduğu; diğer 3 kooperatifin ise zarar ettikleri görülmüştür.

Objectives: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is now a more curable disease with new direct acting antivirals (DAA). Although high sustained virologic response rates, failures still occur in DAA regimens. Our objective in this study was to characterize the real-life presence of clinically relevant resistance – associated substitutions (RASs) in the HCV NS5A gene in CHC patients whose DAA regimen has failed. Methods: The study enrolled 53 CHC patients who experienced failure with DAA regimen as the prospective longitudinal cohort between 2017–2019. Genotypic resistance testing was performed via the viral population sequencing method and The Geno2pheno HCV tool was used for RAS analysis. Results: The most frequent failure category was relapse (88%) followed by non-responder (12%). For a total of 36% of patients, RASs was detected in NS5A, Y93H was the most detected RAS in GT1b infected patients (89%). Conclusions: This study establishes an HCV failure registry for Turkey in which samples were combined with clinical, virologic and molecular data of adult patients whose DAA therapy failed. RASs can occur in CHC patients with DAA treatment failures. Evaluation of RAS after DAA failure is very important before re-treatment is initiated to prevent virologic failure.

Background: Epicardial fat reflects abdominal visceral adiposity and visceral fat plays an important role in the development of an unfavorable metabolic and atherosclerosis risk profile. Intracoronary thrombus burden is an important factor affecting the success of the procedure particularly in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Therefore, determining the factors predicting thrombus burden has great importance in predicting adverse cardiovascular events as well as determining the most appropriate treatment strategy to prevent failure in PCI. Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between Epicardial adipose thickness (EAT) and thrombus burden in the patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo primary PCI (pPCI). Methods: The study was prospective and included patients (n=156) who were referred to Kosuyolu Research and Education hospital with STEMI between 2016 and 2017. Thrombus burden was scored as follows: 0 (no thrombus), 1 (possible thrombus), 2 (definite thrombus 2xreference vessel diameter), and 5 (complete vessel occlusion). According to thrombus grade the patients were grouped as low thrombus burden (grades 0-3) and high thrombus burden (grades 4 and 5). EAT, identified as an echo-free space between the myocardium and visceral pericardium, was measured perpendicularly, on the free wall of the right ventricle at both parasternal long- and short-axis views at end-diastole in three cardiac cycles. Results: Fifty-one subjects were in the low thrombus burden group and 105 in the high thrombus burden group. There were no differences in the two groups for LVEF, smoking status, family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and hypercholesterolemia and for total cholesterol, triglyceride, GFR, LDL-C and HDL-C. In multivariate logistic regression analysis the EAT (odds ratio: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.76-3.67; p < .001) was found as an independent predictor of high thrombus burden. Conclusions: The present study showed that EAT was an independent predictor of coronary thrombus burden in STEMI.

Prof. Dr. Sıddık Korkmaz’ın Şiilik üzerine yaptığı çalışmalarını içeren Karizma Dindarlığı adlı kitap, dört bölüm halinde on iki yazıdan müteşekkildir. Eserin ilk bölümü Şia mezhebinin oluşumuna etki eden birtakım tarihi olayların arka planını ve şahısları konu edinmektedir. İkinci bölüm, Şia edebiyatı üzerine yazılmış üç tane makale içermektedir. Üçüncü bölüm, Şiilik ve diğer İslam mezhepleri başlığını taşır ve üç yazıdan oluşmaktadır. Kitabın dördüncü ve son bölümü ise Şia’nın İslam düşüncesindeki yeri başlığıyla üç adet makaleden oluşmaktadır.

This study was aimed to determine the responses of some sunflower hybrids to drought and low temperature stresses during germination and seedling development period. Sunflower hybrids of Sanbro MR, 63LE113, 64LL62 and Meteor were used in the study. Germination percentage, mean germination time, root and shoot length, root / shoot ratio, seedling fresh and dry weight of the sunflower hybrids were investigated at two temperatures (low 15°C and optimum 25°C) and drought stresses (distilled water, -1.5, -3.0, -4.5 and -6.0 bar) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. The results of the research showed that there were significant differences among the sunflower hybrids in terms of the investigated characteristics. Increased drought stresses led to decreasing germination percentage, root and shoot length, seedling fresh weight, but caused a prolonged germination time and increased seedling dry weight. No significant change was observed in the germination and seedling development of the sunflower up to drought of -3,0 bar. The root / shoot ratio of sunflower hybrids increased at 15°C. The Sanbro MR had the fastest and highest germination along with the highest seedling fresh and dry weight at low temperature and higher drought stresses. It was concluded that sunflower hybrid Sanbro MR gave better performance under drought and low temperature conditions than the other hybrids.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of death in both developing and developed countries worldwide. Even though there have been improvements in primary prevention, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to increase in recent years. Hence, it is crucial to both investigate the molecular pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases in-depth and find novel biomarkers regarding the early and proper prevention and diagnosis of these diseases. MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are endogenous, conserved, single-stranded non-coding RNAs of 21-25 nucleotides in length. miRNAs have important roles in various cellular events such as embryogenesis, proliferation, vasculogenesis, apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. They also have potential roles in the cardiovascular system, including angiogenesis, cardiac cell contractility, control of lipid metabolism, plaque formation, the arrangement of cardiac rhythm, and cardiac cell growth. Circulating miRNAs are promising novel biomarkers for purposes of the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Cell or tissue specificity, stability in serum or plasma, resistance to degradative factors such as freeze-thaw cycles or enzymes in the blood, and fast-release kinetics, provide the potential for miRNAs to be surrogate markers for the early and accurate diagnosis of disease and for predicting middle- or long-term prognosis. Moreover, it may be a logical approach to combine miRNAs with traditional biomarkers to improve risk stratification and long-term prognosis. In addition to their efficacy in both diagnosis and prognosis, miRNA-based therapeutics may be beneficial for treating cardiovascular diseases using novel platforms and computational tools and in combination with traditional methods of analysis. microRNAs are promising, novel therapeutic agents, which can affect multiple genes using different signaling pathways. miRNAs therapeutic modulation techniques have been used in the settings of atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, restenosis, vascular remodeling, arrhythmias, hypertrophy and fibrosis, angiogenesis and cardiogenesis, aortic aneurysm, pulmonary hypertension, and ischemic injury. This review presents detailed information about miRNAs regarding structure and biogenesis, stages of synthesis and functions, expression profiles in serum/plasma of living organisms, diagnostic and prognostic potential as novel biomarkers, and therapeutic applications in various diseases.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the results of antegrade JJ stent placement in upper urinary tract obstruction in patients where retrograde placement was not possible. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who underwent antegrade JJ stent placement for malignant ureteral obstruction in the urology clinic of a university hospital between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020 were included in the study. JJ stent was placed under local or general anaesthesia guided by ultrasonography and fluoroscopy. Age, gender, kidney function values, pathologies causing obstruction, and complications of the patients were examined. Results: In this study, 40 patients (16 men, 24 women) who underwent antegrade JJ stent placement were included. The mean ages of the women and men included were 51 (31-91) years and 62.5 (26-81) years, respectively. In all, antegrade JJ stenting was performed in 61 renal units of these patients. Of these, 21 were bilateral, 11 in the right collecting system and 8 in the left collecting systems. Clinical and technical success was achieved in 59 of the 61 procedures (96.6%). Arteriovenous fistula developed in only one patient, whereas no serious complications such as massive bleeding, resistant hematuria or pseudoaneurysm occurred in the remaining patients. The procedure was completed in a mean time of 15-30 minutes. Conclusions: Antegrade JJ stent placement is a procedure with a high success rate and low risk of complications that can be used in patients with severe ureteral obstruction owing to malignant or benign aetiologies. This method should be applied in centres experienced in malignant ureteral obstruction and on patients where retrograde placement was not possible. Furthermore, it should be considered as an alternative treatment option to open surgery as it can be performed under local anaesthesia in patients at a high risk of anaesthesia.

Background: Phacoemulsification surgery may have beneficial effects on the quality of life of patients with senile cataract. These effects can be evaluated with the help of questionnaires and tests. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the phacoemulsification surgery on the vision-related quality of life (VR-QOL) in patients with senile cataract using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and functional independence measure (FIM) tests. Methods: The data collection was prospective. NEI-VFQ-25 and FIM tests were measured by a masked ergo-therapist. The patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery were included in this study. Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), NEI-VFQ-25 and FIM scores were compared in the preoperative period and at least 3 months after the surgery according to demographic properties including gender, age, education status, as well as the BCVA level and laterality. Results: Preoperative mean BCVA and NEI-VFQ-25 composite scores improved significantly ( p 0.05 for all). Conclusion: Phacoemulsification surgery can provide a satisfying improvement in VR-QOL in patients with cataracts. As a valid and reliable test, the NEI-VFQ-25 scale can be used to measure the visual function after the ocular surgeries.

Objectives: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) exacerbates the risk of renal scarring by establishing a ground for pyelonephritis. It is known that the inflammatory process is more influential than the direct damage caused by bacterial infection in the development of renal scars after pyelonephritis. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between renal scarring and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with VUR. Material and methods: Hundred and ninety-two patients (116 females, 76 males) diagnosed with VUR were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of renal scarring and into three groups according to the grade of VUR (low, moderate and high). Neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were compared among the groups. Results: Of the 192 patients, 102 had renal scarring. The age and gender distribution did not differ significantly between the groups with and without renal scarring (p > 0.05). However, the grade of reflux and lymphocyte count were significantly higher in the group with renal scarring (p < 0.05), and the NLR was significantly lower in the group with renal scarring (p < 0.05). The lymphocyte count was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and NLR was significantly lower in the high-grade VUR group (p < 0.05). However, MPV values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between the groups. Conclusions: NLR can be used to predict renal scarring in patients with VUR, especially in the period of 3-6 months after the first attack of infection, and may even serve as a candidate marker for treatment selection. However, larger series and prospective studies are needed.

Objective: The management of urolithiasis in patients with a solitary kidney is challenging for urologists. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the treatment of stones in patients with solitary kidney and to reply to the question if there is any limit for this surgery. Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2019, we enrolled 52 patients who had a solitary kidney and underwent RIRS. We collected data on preoperative patient characteristics, stone dimensions, and postoperative outcomes. Stone size, duration of operation, duration of fluoroscopy, type of anesthesia, and degree of surgical complication were evaluated retrospectively. Surgeries performed in less and more than 60 minutes and with and without complications were compared. Results: A total of 52 patients with a kidney stone and a solitary kidney were evaluated. The mean stone size was 14 ± 0.4 cm and surgical success rate was 87.3%. In our study, 13 patients (24.5%) had grade 1 minor complications, and none required a blood transfusion. The mean operation time was 51.9 ± 17.3 minutes. The postoperative creatinine value increased in 6 patients. The duration of operation in the group with complications was significantly higher than that in the group without complications. In patients who underwent an operation lasting ≥ 60 minutes, stone size, fluoroscopy time, and complication rate were significantly higher than in patients who underwent an operation lasting ≤ 60 minutes. Conclusion: Our opinion is to be careful in patients with a solitary kidney with a big stone and we recommend assigning these procedure to experienced hands for not exceeding 60 minutes in one session.

AIM: To compare two different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment regimens’-a priori pro re nata (PRN) and PRN regimen following the loading phase-anatomical and functional results in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. METHODS: Totally 544 nAMD patients followed and treated with aflibercept (n=135) and ranibizumab (n=409) at 9 different centers between 2013 and 2015 were enrolled into this retrospective multicenter study. Patients with initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) interval of 1.3-0.3 (logMAR) and a minimum follow-up of 12mo were included. Patients under two different regimens-a priori pro re nata (1+PRN) or 3 consecutive intravitreal injections followed by a PRN regimen (3+PRN)-were compared in BCVA at 3th, 6th and 12th months, and in central macular thickness (CMT) at 6th and 12th months. The total study group, intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) groups were evaluated separately. RESULTS: The mean CMT decreased in the 1+PRN (n=101) regimen from 407 to 358 and 340 µm and in the 3+PRN (n=443) group from 398 to 318 and finally to 310 µm at months 6 and 12, respectively. Anatomically, the CMT reduction at 6th month (48.5 vs 76.4; P

Purpose: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of newborn patients who underwent lacrimal probing surgical intervention with or without the marsupialization of intranasal cysts as the primary management for dacryocystocele treatment. Methods: Data from the medical charts of 350 infants who underwent lacrimal probing surgery due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction were reviewed retrospectively. Ten newborn patients with a naive diagnosis of congenital dacryocystocele were included in the study. Congenital dacryocystocele diagnosis was based on a triad of swelling in the inner canthal region, a bluish appearance, and epiphora. Lacrimal probing surgery accompanied by nasal endoscopy was planned for all patients as the first treatment option. Results: The mean age of the patients was 24.90 ± 7.15 days, with a range of 6–85 days. A total of 10 patients were included, comprising seven females and three males. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 38.7 ± 24.41 months. Five patients had left, four patients had right, and one patient had bilateral dacryocystocele. Seven eyes of the six patients had uncomplicated dacryocystocele, while the remaining patients had dacryocystocele with complications of dacryocystitis and/or preseptal cellulitis. All patients had intranasal cysts. All patients underwent one session of lacrimal probing surgery under general anesthesia; all with successful outcomes. Four patients with additional dacryocystocele-associated complications underwent combined intranasal marsupialization of the cyst wall. Discussion: Lacrimal probing surgery ± intranasal marsupialization of the cyst wall as a first treatment option can be effective for both congenital dacryocystocele and/or congenital dacryocystocele plus associated complications and provide complete resolution of dacryocystocele-related symptoms.

This study investigated the physical properties of hot-cold oil-treated Brutia pine sapwood (Pinus brutia) and its biological resistance against wood-decay fungi. Weight percent gain, density, water absorption, and volumetric shrinking were chosen as the physical properties of the wood. White rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Neolentinus lepideus) were selected as the wood-decay fungi. Two different temperatures and two different time intervals were determined for the hot-cold oil treatment. Castor oil (Ricinus communis), flaxseed oil (Oleum linii), and a mixture of the two were used as the treatment oils (the medium of the hot-cold treatment). The results showed that the physical properties of the hot-cold oil-treated samples improved significantly compared to those of the control samples. In addition, after exposure to the decay fungi, the mass loss of the hot-cold flaxseed oil-treated samples decreased significantly more than in either the untreated samples or those treated with the other oils. There was a significant increase in the water repellent effectiveness and dimensional stability of the Brutia pine sapwood with all hot-cold oil treatments, but the hot-cold castor oil treatment appeared to have had no effect on decay resistance. A hot-cold oil treatment using flaxseed oil or a mixture including it could be a suitable method for improvement of the water repellent effectiveness, dimensional stability, and decay resistance of Brutia pine sapwood, as they both reduced the water uptake and the mass loss against the wood-decay fungi compared to the results of the control samples.

Seed viability and vigor have been influenced by several factors including soil and climatic conditions, plant nutrition, fertilization, irrigation, plant population and post-harvest storages. The study was conducted to determine the appropriate plant density for vigorous seed production in safflower. The effects of row spacing (14 and 28 cm) and seeding rate (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 seeds m-2) on yield, yield components and seed quality of safflower were detected in the study. The results showed that increased seeding rates resulted in enhanced seed yield and the highest seed yield was obtained from 14 cm and 200 seed m-2 with 3320 kg ha-1. The row spacing and seeding rate did not cause a significant difference in oil and protein contents. Laboratory emergence, germination after accelerated ageing (AA) and electrical conductivity tests were suitable for determining seed quality among the seed lots, while standard germination, cool and cold tests were not appropriate. The highest laboratory emergence percentage and germination after AA were determined in 80 seed m-2 but field emergence percentage in 120 seed m-2. It was concluded that the 14 cm row spacing and seeding rate of 120 seed m-2 should be advised for high yielding seed production regardless of seed vigor in safflower.

Objectives: To evaluate the real-world outcomes of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. Materials and Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional, non-comparative study. The records of nAMD patients treated with an anti-VEGF agent on a pro re nata treatment regimen basis between January 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. The patients who completed a follow-up period of 12 months were included. Primary outcome measures of this study were the visit and injection numbers during the first year. Results: Eight hundred eighty eyes of 783 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Mean number of visits at month 12 was 6.9±2.5 (range: 1-15). Mean number of injections at month 12 was 4.1±1.9 (range: 1-11). Mean visual acuity at baseline and months 3, 6, and 12 was 0.90±0.63 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), 0.79±0.57 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), 0.76±0.57 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), and 0.79±0.59 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), respectively. Mean central retinal thickness at baseline and months 6 and 12 was 395±153 μm (range: 91-1582), 330±115 μm (range: 99-975), and 332±114 μm (range: 106-1191), respectively. Conclusion: The numbers of visits and injections were much lower than ideal and were insufficient with the pro re nata treatment regimen.

Rectal cancers comprise approximately 1/3 of colorectal cancers. Tumors tha treach the submucosa on the rectum wall but do not overcome the submucosa are called early rectal cancers. T1 and T2 early-stage rectal cancers can be treated by transanal local excision. In this case report we present a 64-year old patient with a vegetating mass, 6 cm from anal verge, diagnosed with intramucosal adenocarcinoma. The suggested operational procedure was abdominoperineal resection, which she did not consent and referred to our clinic. She was performed a transanal resection the tumor using an Endo-GİA stapler.

This study presents two analytical models for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. To begin, the single layer’s dimensions were measured using principal operating conditions, including laser power, laser scanning speed, powder layer thickness, and hatch distance. The single-layer printing dimensions were transformed into multi-layer printing using the hatch distance. The thermal history of the printed layers was used as an input to the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami-Kolmogorov model to estimate the average dendrite grain size. LPBF experiments were conducted for a Cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) alloy to validate the developed model. The average dendrite grain size was estimated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with “Image J” software. The Vickers hardness test was performed to correlate the average dendrite grain size and operating conditions. A 10–15% mean absolute deviation was presented between experiments and simulation results. In all samples, a Co-based γ-FCC structure was identified. An inverse correlation was established between the laser power and smaller average dendrite grain, while a direct relationship has been determined between laser scanning speed and average dendrite grain size. A similar trend was identified between hatch distance and average dendrite grain size. A direct link has been determined between the average dendrite grain size and hardness value. Furthermore, a direct relationship has connected the laser volume energy density and hardness value. This study will help experimentalists to design operating conditions based on the required grain size and corresponding mechanical characteristics.

Alzheimers Disease (AD), which is the most common reason for dementia, is an irreversible neurodegenerative brain disease. FEZ1 is a protein expressed in the brain. High expressions of FEZ1 mRNA have been interpreted as an indicator of high neural plasticity for memory and learning. This study was planned to determine the effect of melatonin deficiency (pinealectomy; PnX) on AD and to reveal its association with FEZ1. 30 male rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into three as SHAM, PnX+streptozotocin (STZ) and PnX+STZ+melatonin (MLT) groups. The pineal glands of rats were surgically removed (except SHAM group) and STZ was intracerebroventricularly (icv) administrated at the first and third days. MLT (10 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally (ip) injected 1 hour before the first STZ application and it was continued for 14 days. STZ and MLT solvents were applied to the rats in the SHAM group. At the end of the applications, Morris water maze (MWM) test was carried out the rats. At the end of MWM tests, the rats were sacrificed and their blood and hippocampus tissues were taken. FEZ1 gene expression and protein levels were determined from hippocampus tissue, while serum nonadrenaline, dopamine and serotonin levels were detected from blood samples. FEZ1 protein levels of PnX+STZ+MLT group were found to be statistically significantly lower than those of SHAM and PnX+STZ groups (p [Med-Science 2017; 6(2.000): 217-23]

Background: Nondipper hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Speckle tracking echocardiography is a novel and promising tool for detecting early changes in left atrial (LA) myocardial dysfunction. Our aim was to evaluate the LA mechanical function and stiffness in nondipper hypertensive patients by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography strain parameters. Method: This study included 80 hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients were divided into two groups: 50 dipper patients (29 male, mean age 51.5 ± 8 years) and 30 nondipper patients (17 male, mean age 50.6 ± 5.4 years). LA volume indices, mitral annular velocities, and global longitudinal LA strain were measured. The ratio of E/e’ to LA strain was used as an index of LA stiffness. Results: Patients with nondipper hypertension showed increased LA volume indices and decreased LA global strain (25.3 ± 5.5 vs. 39.6 ± 9.9%, P < 0.001). LA stiffness was increased in patients with nondipper than in the dipper subjects (0.41 ± 0.15 vs. 0.19 ± 0.14, P < 0.001), and LA strain and LA stiffness were related to LA volume indices. Conclusion: Patients with nondipper hypertension have decreased LA global strain and increased stiffness, in comparison with dipper group. LA stiffness and LA strain were significantly related to LA volume indices. LA stiffness and LA strain can be used for the assessment of LA function in patients with nondipper hypertension.

Bu makalede, İslâm’da hicret kavramı, hicret hükümleri ve Muhacirler ele alınmıştır. Hicretin sözlük ve terim anlamı ve önemi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Tarihte Mekkeli Müslümanların türlü zorluklarla karşılaştıklarında vatanlarını terk edip yeni yurtlara göç edişini ifade eden hicret, Kur’ân’da övgüyle zikredilmiş, Muhacirler de Allah’ın müjdelerine mazhar olmuşlardır. Bu nedenle İslâm geleneğinde ilk Müslümanların Mekke’yi terk edişleri sıradan bir göç değil, mübarek bir “hicret”, göç edenler de göçmenler değil, gerçek “Muhacirler”dir. Binaenaleyh yerinden, yurdundan her göç eden kimsenin bu kapsama girip girmeyeceği tartışma konusu olmuştur. Zorunlu sebeplerle son birkaç yıldır ülkemize gelen Suriyelilerin durumu buna dair bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Çalışmamızda Kur’ân, Sünnet ve İslâm fıkhına göre hicretin gayesi, sebepleri ve çeşitleri üzerinde durulmuş ve İslâm tarihinde -özellikle Asr-ı saadetteki- hicretler müfessirlerin değerlendirmeleri bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede İslâmî açıdan hicretin salt bir göç olarak tavsif edilemeyeceği; din, can ve mal maslahatı gereği yapılan göçlerin gerçek “hicret” kapsamına dâhil edilmesi gerektiği temellendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 3568 Sayılı yasa ve sonrasındaki yasal düzenlemelerin serbest muhasebecilik ve mali müşavirlik mesleği üzerindeki etkilerinin ve katkılarının tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Görüşme, Sivas ilinde yaşayan, 1980’li yıllardan günümüze kadar mesleği yürüten ve görüşme talebini kabul eden 10 SMMM üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kayıt altına alınan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler sonucunda, mesleğin dinamik, saygın, kariyer sunan bir meslek haline gelmesinde 3568 Sayılı yasanın ve TÜRMOB’un etkisinin büyük olduğu; 6102 Sayılı yasanın beklentileri karşılayamadığı; muhasebe standartlarının önemli ve gerekli olduğu ancak uygulanmasında sorunlar yaşandığı/yaşanacağı; tekdüzen hesap planı ile muhasebede uygulama birliğinin sağlandığı; mesleğin ekonomik hayatın gelişimine ve büyümesine katkı sağlayan önemli aktörlerden biri olduğu bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.

This study aimed to induce autotetraploidy in endemic Onobrychis elata plants by colchicine treatment of seeds or seedlings. Colchicine was applied to O. elata directly on germinated seeds, pre-germinated seeds (root length of 3-8 mm), and apical regions (using cotton) under in vivo conditions. Out of a total of 1,210 colchicine-treated seeds that were evaluated, only 203 survived. There was an inverse relationship between the number of surviving plants and colchicine concentration and exposure time. The highest percentage of tetraploidy in surviving plants (50%) was obtained by applying 0.2% colchicine for 6 hours to pre-germinated seeds. No significant tetraploidy was achieved by colchicine application to seedlings. Flow cytometry observations indicated that DNA content varied between 0.99 and 1.06 pg in diploid plants (controls), while DNA content varied between 2.22 and 2.48 pg in tetraploid plants. It was concluded that tetraploid plants were induced successfully only in seedlings obtained from pre-germinated seeds, with their ploidy level confirmed via flow cytometry analysis.