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In this study, compounds (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzenesul-fonamide 1, (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide 2 and, complex 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra-[(E)-4-((5-bromo-3-methoxy-2-(λ1-oxidanyl)benzylidene)amino)-N-(pyridine-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide]phthalocyaninato zinc(II) 3 were synthesized for the first time. Their structures (1 –3) were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, 1H NMR,13C NMR, UV–vis, MALDI-TOF mass spectra and elemental analysis. The spectroscopic, aggregation, photophysical and photochemical properties of zinc(II) phthalocyanine 3 in dimethyl sulfoxide were investigated and the effects on the above-mentioned properties were reported as a result of the presence of benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing different bioactive groups, in their peripheral positions. In addition, its above-mentioned properties were also reported by comparing different species with those of their substituted and/or unsubstituted counterparts. The zinc(II) phthalocyanine 3 can be a potential photosensitizer candidate in photodynamic therapy, which is an effective alternative therapy in cancer treatment, due to its good solubility in commonly known solvents and monomeric species, as well as its adequate and favorable fluorescence, singlet oxygen production and photostability.

Önemli tehlike ve risk içeren balık avlama faaliyetleri, Türkiye’de ve denize kıyısı olan ülkelerde sürekli olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu faaliyet alanında görev yapan tekne personellerinin iş kazası ve meslek hastalıklarından korunması önemli bir konudur. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte balıkçı teknelerinde kullanılan tesisat ve seyir yardımcı malzemeleri de modernleştirilmiştir. Türkiye’de çok büyük ağ takımlarına sahip balıkçı gemileri mevcuttur. Bu durum, çalışan personeller için daha çok tehlike ve risk faktörü oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale ilinde faaliyette bulunan 4 balık avlama ve 2 özel teknede, ‘Balıkçı Gemilerinde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kontrol Listesi’ balıkçı teknelerinde kullanılan araç ve gereçlere göre uyumlaştırılarak kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, Elmeri gözlem yöntemi kullanılarak teknelerin güvenlik endeksleri belirlenmiştir. Kategorilere göre ortalama Elmeri güvenlik endeks değerleri sırasıyla makine dairesi için %90, kullanılan ağları atma ve sarma operasyonu için %89, yatakhane için %87, gemi güvenliği için %86, ağ makarası ile yapılan faaliyetler için %83, vinç ve halat ile yapılan faaliyetler için %83, kaptan köşkü için %80, güvertedeki genel çalışmalar için %78, yakalanan balığın taşıyıcı gemiye alınması ya da limana çıkarılması için %78, hasarlı donanımın tamiri için %77, gemi mutfağı/lavabo kullanımı için %77, geminin iskeleye bağlanması için %75, gemiye biniş ve inişler için %58 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, literatürde farklı bilimsel metotlar kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalardaki sonuçlarla karşılaştırılarak tartışılmış olup tüm sanayii sektörlerinde kullanılan Elmeri gözlem yönteminin balıkçı teknelerinde de kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale bölgesinde balık avlama faaliyetinde görevli personellerin iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine yönelik davranışları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla Çanakkale Merkez Liman Başkanlığı’na kayıtlı balıkçı teknelerinde görevli personellere Haziran 2021’de 26 sorudan oluşan bir anket çalışması düzenlenmiştir. Basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 103 çalışan tarafından cevaplandırılan anket verileri Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik Programı 24.0 ile analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların 99’u (%96.1) erkek, 63’ü (%61.2) evlidir. Katılımcıların 52’si (%50.5) 25-35 yaş aralığındadır. Katılımcıların sadece 26'sı (%25.2) yüksek öğrenim görmüştür. Katılımcıların 55’i (%53.4) 1-5 yıl arası mesleki tecrübeye sahiptir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda, 19-24 arası yaş, yüksekokul mezunu ve 1 yıldan az mesleki tecrübeye sahip personellerin diğer gruplardaki personellere göre balıkçılık faaliyetindeki iş sağlığı ve güvenliği çalışmalarına ilişkin daha olumlu cevaplar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Balık avlama faaliyetlerinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile yaş ve mesleki tecrübe değişkenleri arasında çok yüksek etki düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, yetkili kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının balıkçılık faaliyetlerine yönelik çalışmaların yetersizliğini, teknelerin limana bağlanmasında yaşanan sorunları ve balıkçılık faaliyetlerinde İSG hizmeti eksikliğini göstermiştir. Tespit edilen sorunlar balıkçılık faaliyetlerine yönelik çalışmaların programlamasında balıkçılık faaliyetinde bulunan personellerin görüşlerini de dikkate alarak gerçekleştirmesi ve Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı’nın İSG hizmeti alım zorunluluğu hakkında eğitimler düzenleyerek işverenleri bilgilendirmesi ile çözülebilir., In this study, the attitudes of fishermen in Çanakkale region towards occupational health and safety measures have been investigated. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was conducted in June 2021 with fishermen working in fishing boats registered to Çanakkale Central Port Authority. Data obtained from responses of 103 randomly selected fishermen indicated that 99 participants (96.1%) were male and 63 (61.2%) were married. Fifty two of the participants (50.5%) were between the ages of 25-35. Only 26 (25.2 %) of the participants received higher education. 55 (53.4%) of the participants had 1-5 years of professional experience. Fishermen between the ages of 19-24, with an associate degree and less than 1 year of professional experience gave more positive answers regarding the occupational health and safety efforts in fishing activities compared to those expressed by the personnel in other groups. There was a significant difference between the occupational health and safety perception and age and professional experience variables in fishing activities. The data obtained indicated insufficient efforts on fishing activities by the authorized public organizations and institutions, docking problems of fishing boats, lack of OHS service in fishing activities. Involvement of fishermen in the planning of fisheries related programs and informing employers about the necessity of mandatory OHS services provided by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security may solve identified problems.

In modern era, people are spending their time indoors around 90%. Therefore, in terms of public health, increasing indoor air quality is of great importance. In this study, it was aimed to develop pearlescent pigments that emit negative air ions in order to increase indoor air quality, and the potential of such pigments for use in composite wall paint was evaluated. For this purpose, low refractive index muscovite mica and sericite clay minerals, which were shown to emit negative ions, were combined with high refractive index TiO2. The use of two different clay minerals, different proportions of SnO2 dopant, and calcination process application were selected as experimental parameters and the effect of these parameters on the anatase-rutile phase transformation of TiO2 in the pigments was investigated. Increasing the rutile TiO2 ratio in the synthesized pigments were resulted in a better pearlescent effect and lower photocatalytic activity. In order to increase the negative air ion emitting effect of these pigments with the desired pearlescent pigment properties, these samples were also combined with extract of the Chlorophytum comosum, which also is known to emit negative air ions. As a result of the negative ion emission measurements, it was found that the samples were continued to emit negative ions without a time-dependent decrease even when not combined with the extract of C. comosum. In addition, it was showed that the prepared samples have antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, which is abundant in indoor environments, especially in health centers such as hospitals and dispensaries, and antifungal effect against Aspergillus niger, which is known as black mold, growing on moist walls.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye genelinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği birimlerinde görevli personellere, Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu’nun 2013-2019 yılları arasında yayımladığı iş kazası istatistiklerindeki eksik olduğu düşünülen verilerin tespiti amacıyla 15 sorudan oluşan bir anket çalışması düzenlenmiştir. 331 çalışan tarafından cevaplandırılan anket verileri Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik Programı 24.0 ile analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların 275’i (%83) iş güvenliği, 56’sı (%17) iş sağlığı bölümlerinde sertifikaya sahiptir. Elde edilen verilere göre, 18-28 yaş arası, ön lisans mezunu, 0-3 yıl arası mesleki tecrübeye ve C sınıfı uzmanlık sertifikasına sahip personellerin diğer gruplara göre Türkiye'deki iş kazası istatistiklerinin irdelenmesine ilişkin daha olumlu cevaplar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan anket ile yaş, eğitim düzeyi, mesleki tecrübe ve sertifika sınıfı değişkenleri arasında çok yüksek etki düzeyde anlamlı farklılık olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, işverenlerin iş kazaları ve raporlanması hakkında düzenli olarak yetkili kurumlar tarafından eğitim alması ve iş güvenliği uzmanı-işyeri hekimlerinin iş kazası raporlama sürecine aktif olarak dahil edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Atıkların bertarafı ve arıtılması sırasında açığa çıkan kimyasallara maruz kalma, giderek artan bir şekilde potansiyel iş sağlığı sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Atık yakma fırını çeşitli toksik maddeleri yayması ve yakma fırını çalışanların bunlara maruz kalmaları nedeniyle çalışanların sağlığı için tehlike arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle maruziyet seviyeleri dikkatlice ölçülmelidir. Bu durumlarda biyolojik izleme, personellerin gerçek mesleki maruziyetinin tanımlanması ve ilgili sağlık etkilerinin önlenmesi için temel bir tamamlayıcı araç olabilir. Çalışanlarda, çok düşük maruziyet seviyelerinde, sağlık riski değerlendirmesi için hassas ve spesifik biyolojik belirteçlerin geliştirilmesi ve kullanılması konusunda artan bir ilgi vardır. Metale maruz kalan personellerin biyo-izlenmesi üzerine literatürde çok sayıda makale bulunmasına rağmen, atık arıtma faaliyetlerinde kullanılan makalelerde sonuçlar bazen tutarsızdır. Sonuçlar, atık yakma tesislerinin personellerinde ölçülen metal seviyelerinin, Kadmiyum ve Kurşun için bazı önemli istisnalar dışında, genellikle düşük olduğunu göstermektedir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar hem biyolojik hem de çevresel izlemeyi kullanan bir yaklaşıma odaklanması önem arz etmektedir. Metal içeren tozların farklı granülometrik fraksiyonlarının, yani solunabilir, torasik, solunabilir ve ultra ince fraksiyonların ölçümüne özel bir vurgu yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca, iş görevlerinin ve mesleki olmayan maruziyetin özellikleri ve seviyelerinin doğru bir açıklaması her zaman gereklidir.

In our study, we aimed the preparation of Saffron stamen aqueous extract (SSAE) loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) to be used topically for thermal burns. First, biological activity tests such as DNA binding, DNA cleavage and antibacterial activity were performed to determine the effectiveness of SSAE to be encapsulated. Additionally, a genotoxicity test was performed for the reliability of SSAE. Ionic gelation method was used for encapsulation, and SSAE-loaded CNPs were obtained. Average particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PdI), morphology, and releasing kinetics of the SSAE-loaded CNPs and blank CNPs were determined. DNA binding showed that SSAE interacted with DNA electrostatically. It was determined that all doses of SSAE used in hydrolytic and oxidative DNA cleavage experiments cleave DNA. As a result of the Ames / Salmonella test, it was found that 1,25 mg SSAE was not genotoxic. Then, this concentration was used in nanoparticle synthesis. As a result of DLS analysis, it was determined that SSAE-loaded CNPs have an average size of 57.61 +/- 1.234 nm, 0.175 +/- 0.008 PdI, and +14 +/- 0.755 mV zeta potential. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of SSAE-loaded CNPs calculated as 71.76 % and 2,64 % respectively. As a result of releasing kinetics, it was determined that 79.54 % of SSAE was released after 168 hours. Antibacterial results revealed that SSAE loaded CNPs were more effective against bacteria than blank SSAE.

Work-related accidents, as in Turkey emerges as an important issue in the world. Prevention of work accidents before occurrence is the basis of the proactive approach. Near miss events are the most im-portant of the proactive methods for predicting work accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of knowledge and perception levels regarding the incident according to the demographic charac-teristics of the participants. For this purpose, a survey has been applied. The survey data answered by 125 employees were analyzed by the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0. Of the employees surveyed, 118 are man and 87 are single. 98 of the participants have high school or higher education. 8 of the attendants are over 50 years of age. Of the participants, 50 people have less than 3 years, 58 people between 3 and 5 years, and 17 people have more than 5 years of professional experience. In the light of the data obtained, it was determined that more than 50% of the participants answered that "I don't know" about the presence of the notification system, its necessity and the presence of connections between work accidents. On the other hand; no significant relation was found between the variables in the education levels and professional experience of the participants and their level of near miss event information. In contrast, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between variables such as gender, marital status and age and the level of near miss event information. The research details will make contri-bution to the planning of studies and the creation of safer workplaces to increase employee incident infor-mation and awareness., İş kazaları Türkiye’de olduğu kadar Dünyada da önemli bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İş kazala-rının gerçekleşmeden önce önlenmesi, proaktif yaklaşımın temelidir. Ramak kala olaylar, iş kazalarının önceden tahmin edilmesini sağlayacak proaktif yöntemlerden en önemlisidir. Daha önce yapılmış olan kaza piramidi çalışmaları, ramak kala (near miss) bildirimlerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacında ise çalışanların ramak kala olaya ilişkin bilgi ve algı düzeylerinin çalışanların demografik özellik-lerine göre etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Çanakkale ili kapsamında inşaat şantiyelerinde görevli personeller tarafından cevaplandırılmak üzere bir anket çalışması düzenlenmiştir. 125 çalışan tarafından cevaplandırı-lan anket verileri Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik Programı (SPSS) 22.0 ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan çalışanların 118’i (%94.4) erkek, 87’si (%69.6) bekârdır. Katılımcıların 98’i (%78.4) lise ve üzeri düzeyde eğitim almıştır. Katılımcıların sadece 8’i (%6.4) 50 yaş üzerindedir. Katılımcıların 50’si (%40.0) 3 yıldan az, 58’i (%46.4) 3-5 yıl arası ve 17’si (%13.6) 5 yıldan fazla mesleki tecrübeye sahiptir. Elde edilen verilere göre, katılımcıların%50'sinden fazlasının bildirim sisteminin varlığı, gerekliliği ve iş kazaları arasındaki bağlantıların varlığı hakkında "bilmiyorum" diye cevap verdiği belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan; katılımcıların eğitim düzeyi ve mesleki tecrübe süresi değişkenleri ile ramak kala olay bilgi düzeyleri ara-sında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanamamıştır. Ancak cinsiyet, medeni durum ve yaş değişkenleri ile ramak kala olay bilgi düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler ve analiz sonuçları ışığında, çalışanların ramak kala olay bilgisi ve farkındalığının arttırılmasını sağlayacak çalışmaların planlanması ve böylece daha güvenli iş yerlerinin oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayaca-ğı önerilmektedir.

The phthalonitrile (3) and its peripherally tetra 4-(3-morpholinophenoxy) substituted metal-free (4), lead(II) (5) and zinc(II) (6) phthalocyanine derivatives were synthesized. The structures of 3-6 were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MALDI-TOF mass, UV-vis and fluorescence spectral data. The solubility and aggregation behaviors of 4-6 were determined in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform (CHCl3) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The observed sharp absorptions were evidence of formation of non-aggregated phthalocyanine species at the studied concentration. The effects of the substituent and central metal ions (metal-free, zinc or lead) on spectroscopic and photophysicochemical properties were determined. Their photophysicochemical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation quantum yields were investigated in DMSO. The fluorescence spectra of metal-free (4) and lead(II) (5) phthalocyanines were not recorded due to negligible fluorescence emissions of these phthalocyanines. The zinc(II) phthalocyanine (6) had 0.17 fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and 1.42 fluorescence lifetime (τF). The phthalocyanines (4-6) had 0.18, 0.41, 0.52 singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) and 0.51, 3.90, 0.46 photodegradation quantum yields (ΦΔ), respectively. The zinc(II) phthalocyanine (6) in particular could be a potential Type II photosensitizer candidate for photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment.

© 2022In this study, peripheral and non-peripherally substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized from 7‑hydroxy-3-(p-tolyl)coumarin and 7‑hydroxy-3-(p-tosyl)coumarin compounds. The synthesized new compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–Vis, Fluorescence 1HNMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. All the synthesized phthalocyanine complexes showed good solubility in organic solvents such as acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, pyridine, and ethyl acetate. Fluorescent quenching behavior was investigated using 1,4-benzoquinone and potassium iodide as a quencher. The photophysical (fluorescent quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (single oxygen and photodegradation quantum yields) properties of these new phthalocyanines were examined in dimethyl sulfoxide. Phthalocyanine complexes containing 7‑hydroxy-3-(p-tolyl)coumarin had higher singlet oxygen quantum yields than phthalocyanine complexes containing 7‑hydroxy-3-(p-tosyl)coumarin. Phthalocyanines to which coumarins are peripherally bound were more advantageous than their non-peripherally bound derivatives. As a result of their photophysical and photochemical properties, coumarin-phthalocyanine complexes containing tolyl-/tosyl- groups can be used as photosensitizing candidates in photodynamic therapy and can be developed with targeted modifications.

Novel (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide 1, (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzene sulfonamide 2 and 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra-[(E)-4-((5-bromo-3-methoxy-2-(λ1-oxidanyl)benzyl idene)amino)-N-(pyridine-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide]phthalocyaninato zinc(II) phthalocyanine 3 were synthesized. Their (1-3) structures were illuminated with spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1H NMR,13C NMR, UV–vis, MALDI-TOF mass spectra and also elemental analysis. The spectroscopic, photophysical and photochemical properties of the zinc(II) phthalocyanine 3 were investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide and its effects on the above mentioned properties were reported as a result of containing new type benzenesulfonamide derivatives as substituents. In addition, its above-mentioned properties were reported by comparing different species with those of their substituted and/or unsubstituted counterparts. The zinc(II) phthalocyanine 3 has photosensitizing abilities suitable and sufficient especially for photocatalytic applications.

In this study; phthalonitrile compounds 4-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)phthalonitrile (4) and 3-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)phthalonitrile (5) were synthesized. These compounds were converted to their respective peripherally and non-peripherally tetra-substituted zinc(II) (6 and 7) and lead(II) (8 and 9) phthalocyanine derivatives. The novel phthalocyanine complexes were characterized by using different spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR and mass. The spectroscopic, photochemical and photophysical properties of the phthalocyanines were investigated for determination of their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. In addition, the effects of the substituent, binding position and the variety of central metal ions in phthalocyanine core on photochemical and photophysical properties were determined.

Every healthy person is a disabled candidate, which is why disabled people have an important place in our society and worldwide. However, our citizens with disabilities face many problems in society every day. In this study, some of the problems faced by disabled people and the efforts to remedy them were examined in terms of occupational health and safety. In the study, a survey of 60 questions was organized to be answered by disabled individuals residing in Çanakkale province. The survey, which was answered by 60 disabled individuals, was analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0. 44 (73.3 %) of the employees participating in the study are male, 24 (40 %) of them are between 36-45 years. Only 19 (31.7 %) of the participants have received higher education and higher education. 41 of the participants (68.3%) are working. Only 17 (41.5%) of the working participants work in the public sector. Of the participants, 23 (38.3%) were physical, 8 (13.4%) were mental, 7 (11.7%) were auditory, 2 (3.3%) had speech disorders, 2 (3.3%) had learning disabilities, 2 ' of them (3.3%) had visual impairment and 16 (26.7%) had disability in the other category. The data obtained focused on the safe passage zones for the disabled, sports field-sports guidance and the insufficiency of the disabled staff in public institutions. The identified problems can be solved by establishing a unit for the determination, analysis and follow-up of the services to be provided for disabled individuals within the municipality.

Polyvinyl alcohol (Chemical Abstracts Service No: 9002-89-5), biodegradable, biocompatible, water-soluble, odorless, tasteless, transparent, white to creamy granular or powder appearance, and is a synthetic hydroxy polymer used in a broad variety of industrial, trading, medicinal and food implementations. The aim of this review is to back the safety of polyvinyl alcohol qua a coating agent for medicinal chemistry and dietary addition products, considering the current knowledge of polyvinyl alcohol. All available information on polyvinyl alcohol obtained from a comprehensive scientific literature review was seriously evaluated. Orally directed polyvinyl alcohol is comparatively harmless. The safety of polyvinyl alcohol when directed orally is based on: (a) Acute oral toxicity LD50 rates are in the range of 14.7–20 g/kg, very low, (b) is very poorly absorbed from the digestive system, (c) does not accumulate in the body, (d) the highest levels of polyvinyl alcohol with no observed adverse effects when directed orally in male and female rats, 5000 mg / kg body weight / day in a 90-day diet survey as the highest dose tested and 5000 mg / kg body weight / day was found in two generation reproductive studies.

Chalcone containing new peripherally and non-peripherally tetra-substituted metal-free and metallophthalocyanine derivatives were designed and synthesized ( Scheme 1 , Scheme 2 ). The structures of chalcone-phthalocyanines were characterized by a combination of common spectroscopic techniques such as LC–MS/MS (for new phthalonitrile derivative 3a), ground state electronic absorption spectra (for all new phthalocyanines), 1H NMR spectroscopy (for all new compounds), 13C NMR spectroscopy (for new phthalonitrile and metal-free phthalocyanine derivatives), Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR with ATR sampling accessory) (for all new compounds) and MALDI–TOF mass spectral data (for all new phthalocyanines and new phthalonitrile derivative 3b) as well as elemental analysis. In addition, the effects of the presence of different kinds of metal ions [magnesium(II) or zinc (II)] in the phthalocyanine core and the effects of the introduction of (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy units at both peripheral and non-peripheral positions of the phthalocyanine skeleton on photophysical and photochemical properties of the new substituted magnesium(II) and zinc(II) phthalocyanines have also been examined in DMF. The obtained results were compared with each other and with unsubstituted magnesium(II) and zinc(II) phthalocyanines. All newly synthesized phthalocyanines are soluble in common organic solvents as well as no type of aggregation was observed in these solvents. Moreover; the chalcone fused magnesium(II) and zinc(II) phthalocyanines also showed excellent fluorescence properties. Specifically, the new non-peripheral zinc(II) and magnesium(II) chalcone-phthalocyanines have the remarkable potential to be used as Type II photosensitizers for the treatment of cancer in PDT owing to their good singlet oxygen and appropriate photodegradation quantum yields. Since chalcones and their derivatives show a broad range of biological and pharmaceutical activities, these products are promising candidates for various applications, particularly as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy in combination with fluorescence imaging.

Intermetallic (Co-Sn, Ni-Sn, Co-Ni) nanoparticles have been synthesized through a borohydride reduction with NaBH4 in aqueous solutions of the chloride salts of Co, Ni, Sn at room temperature using a template technique with a carbon support. As a result nanocomposite materials have been obtained in situ. The ratio of the metallic components has been chosen according the phase diagrams of the relevant binary (Co-Sn, Ni-Sn, Co-Ni) systems: Co:Sn=35:65, Ni:Sn=45:55, Co:Ni=50:50. As carbon supports have been used graphite and carbon powder. To avoid the nanoparticle’s aggregation b-cyclodextrin has been added to the reaction solutions. To study the influence of the supports used on the morphology, specific surface area, elemental and phase composition of the synthesized intermetallic nanoparticles and their carbon nanocomposites SEM, EDS, BET, and XRD investigation techniques have been used. The particle’s morphology varies with the different supports, but in the all cases it is typical for alloyed materials. The nanoparticles are different in shape and size and exhibit a tendency to aggregate. The last-one is due to the unsaturated nanoparticle’s surface and the existing magnetic forces. Regardless of the elemental composition, the nanosized particles are characterized by a relatively high specific surface area (SSA). The Ni-Sn nanoparticle have the largest SSA (80 m2/g), while the Co-Sn particles have the lowest SSA (69 m2/g). The use of a carrier modifies the SSA of the resulting nanocomposites differently depending on the size and shape of the carrier’s particles. The studies conducted on the intermetallic nanoparticles synthesized with various carriers demonstrate that the particle’s morphology, size, and specific surface area for the different supports are suitable for use as catalysts, electrode materials in Li-ion batteries and as magnetic materials for biomedical applications.

This study presents the synthesis, characterization and toluene sensing properties of copper(II), indium(III) acetate, mono-lutetium(III) acetate and tin(IV) phthalocyanines substituted with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol bioactive groups at the peripheral and non-peripheral positions. The effects of the substituent’s position on the toluene vapor detection capabilities of these compounds were investigated. Adsorption data were analyzed by using first-order and Elovich equations in order to investigate the adsorption kinetics. It was found that the kinetics of the toluene adsorption strongly depends on the position of the substituent groups. Our results showed that the Elovich equation fits the experimental data well for non-peripherally substituted Pc based sensors, while the pseudo first-order model best describes the adsorption data for peripheral substituted Pc based sensors.

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of novel metal-free (H2Pc) and metallo porphyrazines (magnesium(II) (MgPz), copper(II) (CuPz), iron(II) (FePz), manganese(II) (MnPz) and nickel(II) (NiPz)) substituted with four 2-methylpyrazine groups on the peripheral positions. The spectroscopic properties of newly synthesized porphyrazines were investigated. The electrochemical behaviors of these porphyrazines were also determined in DMSO solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) methods on edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPG) electrode.

Bu çalışmada, iki farklı kalsiyum kaynağıkullanılarak üretilen hidroksiapatit katkısı eklenerek yüksek mukavemetliakrilik kemik yapıştırıcısı üretilmiştir. Üretilen örnekler, XRD ve FT-IRkullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Termal davranışlar ve yüzey morfolojileriDTA/TG ve SEM teknikleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Ca(OH)2 vedeniz kabuğundan üretilen hidroksiapatit ilavesi, ortaya çıkan yapıştırıcılarınbasınç dayanımını (74 MPa'dan 106 MPa ve 103 MPa'ya) arttırmıştır. Bu yenikemik yapıştırıcıları, ticari olarak temin edilebilen örneklerlekarşılaştırılabilecek mekanik dayanımlara sahiptir ve hidroksiapatitin kemikyapısında mevcut doğal bir mineral olduğu için daha biyolojik olarak uyumluolduğuna inanılmaktadır., In thisstudy, production of acrylic bone cement which has high strength by addinghydroxyapatite additive that was produced using two different calcium sourceswas aimed. Characterizations were performed using XRD, and FT-IR. Thermalbehaviors and surface morphologies were determined using DTA/TG and SEMtechniques. The addition of hydroxyapatite produced from Ca(OH)2 andseashell increased the compressive strength (from 74 MPa to 106 MPa and 103MPa) of the resultant cements respectively. These new bone cements havemechanical strengths comparable with commercially available cements and arebelieved to be more biocompatible since hydroxyapatite is a natural mineralpresent in the bone structure.

The synthesis of novel highly soluble and non-aggregated metal-free and zinc(II) phthalocyanines containing four 2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy groups was achieved by starting phthalonitrile compounds. The phthalocyanines were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet–visible and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopic techniques. Their photochemical and photophysical properties were also investigated in N,N-dimethylformamide. In addition, the influences of position of methyl groups on phenoxy unit and nature of metal in phthalocyanine cavity on photophysical and photochemical properties were investigated by comparing with previous analogues (phthalocyanines with 2,3,6-trimethylphenoxy and 2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy groups).

In this study, novel peripherally tetra-(5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) substituted metal-free (4) , zinc(II) (5) and lead(II) (6) phthalocyanine derivatives were synthesised. The novel phthalocyanines (4–6) were characterised by general spectroscopic methods such as IR, 1 H NMR, UV–vis, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Once the solubilities of the compounds were investigated, it was noticed that they have excellent solubility and did not tend to aggregation behaviour in common solvents. The photophysical and photochemical properties of novel phthalocyanines (4–6) were investigated in dimethysulfoxide. The effects of substituted 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy group and central metal ion [zinc(II)/lead(II)] on photophysical and photochemical properties of the novel phthalocyanines have also been examined, and the results were compared with unsubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine. According to photophysical and photochemical investigation results, it was observed that the novel phthalocyanines (4–6) have a potential for PDT application.

Novel azo-bridged indium(III) acetate phthalocyanine was synthesized by cyclotetramerization reaction of (E)-4-((2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)diazenyl)phthalonitrile. This phthalocyanine was fully characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV–vis and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses as well. Additionally, the photophysical and photochemical properties of this phthalocyanine was investigated for the first time. The obtained results were compared with azo-bridged zinc(II) and metal-free phthalocyanine counterparts for determination of central metal effect on these properties. These results were also compared with unsubstituted zinc(II) and indium(III)acetate phthalocyanines for determination of substitution effect on the photophysical and photochemical properties.

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of 3-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenethyl methacrylate substituted novel phthalonitrile compound and its peripherally substituted zinc(II) lead(II) and metal-free phthalocyanine derivatives were performed for the first time. This novel compounds were characterized by obtained data from general spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass. The photophysical and photochemical properties of these phthalocyanines were investigated in N,N-dimethylformamide solutions for determination of their photosensitizing abilities in photocatalytic applications such as photodynamic therapy. The lead(II) phthalocyanine complex did not produce any fluorescent in N,N-dimethylformamide because of the heavy atom effect of bigger lead atom. The fluorescence quantum yields of studied zinc(II) and metal-free phthalocyanines were found to quite higher than unsubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine due to substitution of the phthalocyanine skeleton. The influence of substituent and variety of the central metal ions on spectroscopic, photophysical and photochemical properties were also determined and compared.

In this study the synthesis and characterization of novel phthalonitrile compound ( 3 ) and its metal-free ( 4 ), zinc(II) (5) , and lead(II) ( 6 ) phthalocyanines bearing four 4-(4-methoxyphenylethyl)-5-propyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one groups at peripheral positions were synthesized for the first time. These novel compounds were fully characterized by FT-FT-IR, 1 H NMR, UV–vis and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic techniques. Their photochemical and photophysical properties were also investigated in N , N -dimethylformamide solutions. In addition, the effect of 4-(4-methoxyphenylethyl)-5-propyl-2,4-dihydro-3 H -1,2,4-triazol-3-one groups as substituents and central metal ions (without metal, zinc(II) or lead(II)) in the phthalocyanine cavity on these properties were also compared. The studied zinc(II) or lead(II) phthalocyanines can be potential Type II photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy in cancer applications because these phthalocyanines showed good singlet oxygen generation and appropriate photodegradation.

The symmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanines conjugated with 9,10-dioctyl-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dioxytriptycene or 9,10-diundecyl-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dioxytriptycene moieties were synthesized in this study. These novel phthalocyanines were characterized by standard characterization techniques such as 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV–vis, Mass and Elemental Analysis. All these phthalocyanines showed highly solubility and formed non-aggregated monomeric species in most of the organic solvents. Their photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen, and photodegradation quantum yields, and photophysical properties including fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes were investigated in toluene. The fluorescence quenching behavior of the studied zinc(II) phthalocyanines by the addition of 1,4-benzoquinone were also described in toluene.

The synthesis of highly soluble and non-aggregated peripherally/non-peripherally Zn and In(OAc) phthalocyanines was achieved by 3-/ and 4-(2-phenylphenoxy)phthalonitrile as starting materials. The novel compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, 1 H-NMR (for phthalonitriles), UV–vis and MALDI-TOF mass (for Pcs) spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, photophysical, photochemical and spectral properties of the phthalocyanines were reported. Especially, the indium(OAc) phthalocyanines showed good singlet oxygen quantum yields in DMSO and they can be appropriate candidates as Type II photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications.

The new, well-soluble and non-aggregated peripheral or non-peripheral tetra-ethyl 7-oxy-4,8-dimethylcoumarin-3-propanoate substituted magnesium (II), zinc (II) and indium (III) acetate phthalocyanines were synthesized. They were characterized by widely known spectroscopic methods such as UV–vis, IR, MALDI-TOF Mass, 1H NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Photophysical and photochemical properties were studied in N, N-dimethylformamide to determine the usability of each of these phthalocyanines as photosensitizers. The influences of the position and presence of the coumarin derivative at the phthalocyanine skeleton and metal’ nature in the phthalocyanine cavity on photophysical and photochemical properties were investigated by comparing with previous analogues (magnesium, zinc, and indium phthalocyanines containing coumarin derivative with different functional groups). The spectroscopic, photophysical, photochemical data and results obtained for each of these phthalocyanines show that they may have the potential to be used as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy.

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of novel peripheral and non-peripheral tetra-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy substituted lead(II) phthalocyanines. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–vis, fluorescence, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic techniques, as well as thermogravimetric analysis. Their spectroscopic, photophysical and photochemical properties were studied in dimethylsulfoxide and compared with the above-mentioned properties of lead(II) phthalocyanines containing different substituents reported in the literature. Novel phthalocyanines can be good candidates as photosensitizers for photocatalytic reactions because they possess properties that are important for Type II mechanics, such as low photostability, sufficient singlet oxygen production, high solubility and non-aggregation behavior in commonly known organic solvents.

In this study, the effect of lemon addition to the element content of several herbal and fruit teas is investigated. Lemon addition to tea is a traditional cultural practice in many countries. For this purpose, fennel, mint, and sage are selected as herbal teas, and apple, lemon, and rosehip are selected as fruit teas. The essential elements of calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc are determined in the aforementioned teas with and without lemon addition by using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. From the results of the experiments, the lemon addition caused different changes with respect to the tea type. Potassium (1178 ppm) in apple tea with lemon, sodium (215.1 ppm) in fennel tea with lemon, and calcium (81.88 ppm) and magnesium (53.83 ppm) in mint tea with lemon are found to be the four major essential elements in the teas. In general, the elemental contents are increased with the lemon addition for all of the tea types, except for Na in the sage tea.

The synthesis of novel peripheral or non-peripheral tetra-mesityloxy substituted metal-free, zinc and indium phthalocyanines, which are highly soluble in organic solvents, has been achieved. The phthalocyanines have been characterized by UV – vis, IR, MALDI-TOF Mass, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. On their spectroscopic, photochemical and photophysical properties, the effects of the substituent position and the variety of central metal ions in phthalocyanine cavity are also investigated. Photodegradation, singlet oxygen and fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence lifetimes in dimethylformamide for the phthalocyanines are described. These properties of the compounds are very useful for photodynamic therapy applications and their high singlet oxygen quantum yields are very important for Type II mechanisms. The phthalocyanines can be appropriate candidates as Type II photosensitizers.

The synthesis of novel peripheral or non-peripheral tetra-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy substituted metal free, zinc(II) and indium(III) phthalocyanines was achieved. The novel compounds were characterized by IR, UV– Vis , 1 H NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopies and elemental analysis as well. The effects of the substituent position and the influence of the variety of central metal ions in novel phthalocyanines, on their spectroscopic, photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields, fluorescence lifetimes) and photochemical (photodegradation, singlet oxygen) properties were also investigated in dimethylformamide (DMF). The phthalocyanines showed good singlet oxygen quantum yields, appropriate photodegradation and fluorescence behaviour. For this reason, they may be appropriate candidates Type II photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer.

A3B type unsymmetrical 8,11,15,18,22,25-hexadecyl-2,3-(9,10-dioctyl-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dioxytriptycene) (11) and 8,11,15,18,22,25-hexadecyl-2,3-(9,10-diundecyl-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dioxytriptycene) (12) zinc(II) phthalocyanines were synthesized for the first time. Their photophysical and photochemical properties were investigated as solutions in toluene and obtained values were compared with unsubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine for determination of substitution effect. Both newly synthesized phthalocyanines showed high singlet oxygen generation making them good candidates as photosensitizers for photocatalytic reactions.

Streszczenie Celem tego artykułu jest synteza boranu cynku przy użyciu węglanu cynku, kwasu borowego, referencyjnego boranu cynku (ZB) jako substancji aktywnej oraz badanie efektywności tego procesu modyfikowanego odczynnikami i parametrami reakcji na hydrofobowość i wydajność syntezy boranu cynku. Dotyczy to działania różnych czynników modyfikujących hydrofobowość i parametry reakcji: glikol propylenowy (PG) (0−6%, kerozyna 1−6%, kwas oleinowy (OA) 1−6% oraz rozpuszczalniki: alkohol izopropylowy (IPA), etanol i metanol. Po pierwsze, badano jak wpływają następujące parametry reakcji na uzysk boranu cynku: czas reakcji (1−5 h), wskaźnik reaktywacji (H3BO3 : ZnO), (2−5), udział zarodków krystalizacji (0−1,5%) w odniesieniu do kwasu borowego, temperatura reakcji (50−120°C), temperatura chłodzenia (10−80 °C), szybkość mieszania (400−700 obr./min). Ponadto, reakcje były przeprowadzone w określonych warunkach mieszania mechanicznego i magnetycznego. Wytwarzany boran cynku ze względu na hydrofobowość badano metodami: dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej XRD, spektroskopii FT-IR oraz pomiarami kąta zwilżania. Reasumując, stwierdzono, że boran cynku można otrzymać z powodzeniem z różnymi rozpuszczalnikami wpływającymi na jego hydrofobowość.

The synthesis and photochemical properties of peripherally and non-peripherally 1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)phenoxy]prop-2-oxy tetra-substituted zinc phthalocyanines (2a and 3a) and their quaternized derivatives (2b and 3b) were reported in this study. Photochemical properties of quaternized ionic zinc (II) phthalocyanines (2b and 3b) were investigated in both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and aqueous solutions, while non ionic derivatives were only studied in DMSO. The quaternized compounds exhibit excellent solubility in water, making them potential photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. This study also showed that the water-soluble quaternized Zn(II) phthalocyanines strongly bind to blood plasma proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). On the other hand, the interactions of the novel water soluble phthalocyaines with DNA were also examined.

New metal-free and zinc(II) phthalocyanines containing four triptycene moieties were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, mass, IR, electronic spectroscopies and elemental analysis as well. The steady-state absorption spectra of the investigated compounds exhibited the main absorption bands in the visible region, at around 700 nm. The fluorescence spectra and quantum yields were recorded by steady-state emission measurements. The powerful nanosecond laser flash photolysis technique was employed to record the transient absorption spectra of the long-lived triplet states of the investigated compounds. The singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation properties of the target phthalocyanines under light irradiation were also investigated in tetrahydrofuran solution.

Synthesis and characterization of (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-(λ1-oxidanyl)benzylidene)amino)-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (1), its substituted phthalonitrile derivative (2) and its tetra substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine complex (3) were performed. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were characterized by methods such as elemental analyses, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR (except for 3) and MALDI-TOF mass spectra. The photophysical and photochemical properties of this substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine complex aimed to be used as a photosensitizer were investigated in DMSO solution for determination of their photosensitizing abilities in photocatalytic applications such as photodynamic therapy. The influence of the substituent as a bioactive compound on the phthalocyanine skeleton on spectroscopic, photophysical and photochemical properties were also determined and compared with unsubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine and some zinc(II) phthalocyanines containing different substituents previously studied. According to photophysical and photochemical investigations, 3 has potential as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.

The new (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide 1, (E)-4-((5-bromo-2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-3-methoxy benzylidene)amino)-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide 2 and peripheral tetrakis-(E)-4-((5-bromo-3-methoxy-2-(λ1-oxidaneyl)benzylidene) amino)-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine 3 were been synthesized and characterized using UV–vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR (except for 3), MALDI-TOF mass spectra and elemental analysis for the first time. The spectroscopic, photophysical and photochemical properties for the phthalocyanine 3 were been described in dimethyl sulfoxide. These properties of the phthalocyanine 3 as a photosensitizer are very useful for photodynamic therapy application and its good fluorescence properties, high singlet oxygen quantum yield and appropriate photodegradation quantum yield are very important for Type II mechanisms. It has the remarkable potential to be used as Type II photosensitizers for the treatment of cancer in photodynamic therapy with these features.