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Individually addressed Er^{3+} ions in solid-state hosts are promising resources for quantum repeaters, because of their direct emission in the telecom band and their compatibility with silicon photonic devices. While the Er^{3+} electron spin provides a spin-photon interface, ancilla nuclear spins could enable multiqubit registers with longer storage times. In this work, we demonstrate coherent coupling between the electron spin of a single Er^{3+} ion and a single I=1/2 nuclear spin in the solid-state host crystal, which is a fortuitously located proton (^{1}H). We control the nuclear spin using dynamical-decoupling sequences applied to the electron spin, implementing one- and two-qubit gate operations. Crucially, the nuclear spin coherence time exceeds the electron coherence time by several orders of magnitude, because of its smaller magnetic moment. These results provide a path toward combining long-lived nuclear spin quantum registers with telecom-wavelength emitters for long-distance quantum repeaters.

Background: Generalized epileptic convulsions frequently exhibit transient respiratory symptoms and non-infectious leukocytosis. While these peri-ictal effects appear to arise independently from one another, the possibility that they stem from a common ictal pathophysiological response has yet to be explored. We aimed to investigate whether peri-ictal respiratory symptoms and postictal leukocytosis coexist.Methods: We performed a single center retrospective chart review of 446 patients brought to our emergency department between January 1, 2017 and August 23, 2018 for the care of generalized epileptic convulsions with or without status epilepticus. We included 152 patients who were stratified based on the presence (PeCRC+) or absence (PeCRC–) of overt periconvulsive respiratory compromise (PeCRC). In addition, patients were stratified based on the presence or absence of postconvulsive leukocytosis (PoCL), defined as an initial postconvulsive white blood cell (WBC) count ≥ 11,000 cells/mm3. Triage vital signs, and chest x ray (CXR) abnormalities were also examined.Results: Overt PeCRC was observed in 31.6% of patients, 43% of whom required emergent endotracheal intubations. PoCL was observed in 37.5% of patients, and was more likely to occur in PeCRC+ than in PeCRC– patients (79.2 vs. 18.2%; OR = 17.0; 95% CI = 7.2–40.9; p < 0.001). Notably, the magnitude of PoCL was proportional to the severity of PeCRC, as the postconvulsive WBC count demonstrated a negative correlation with triage hemoglobin oxygen saturation (R = −0.22; p < 0.01; CI = −0.48 to −0.07). Moreover, a receiver operating characteristic analysis of the WBC count's performance as predictor of endotracheal intubation reached a significant area under the curve value of 0.81 (95% CI = 0.71–0.90; p < 0.001). Finally, PeCRC+ patients demonstrated frequent CXR abnormalities, and their postconvulsive WBC counts correlated directly with triage heart rate (R = 0.53; p < 0.001).Conclusion: Our data support the existence of an ictal pathophysiological response, which induces proportional degrees of PoCL and PeCRC. We suggest this response is at least partially propelled by systemic catecholamines.

Objective: Association between inflammation and pro-thrombotic state has been described previously. Aim of the present study was to investigate if presence of left atrial (LA) thrombus or spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) in rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) was related to neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and to determine predictive utility of the CHA2DS2-VASc risk stratification score in patients with mitral stenosis complicated by LA thrombus. Methods: NLR and CHA2DS2-VASc score of 188 patients with MS and 35 healthy controls were evaluated. All analyses were also conducted according to rhythm status, excluding control group. Results: Among patients with MS, there were 31 patients in thrombus-positive group, 142 patients in SEC-positive group, and 15 patients in thrombus/SEC-negative group. Among patients with MS and sinus rhythm (SR) (n=105; 55.8%); 9.5% of them had LA thrombus, and 78% of them had SEC. In the SR group, median NLR was significantly higher in thrombus-positive group compared with thrombus/SEC-negative and control groups (p0.05). Conclusion: Elevated NLR is related to presence of LA thrombus in patients with MS and SR. The utility of CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with MS and SR complicated by LA thrombus is debatable, according to our results.

This research "Prefixes, Suffixes, and Infixeses in Kurmanjki (Zazaki) is prepared on the basis of comparison to other dialects. The materials are taken from oral and written Kurmanjki resources. One of the aims of this research is to compare prefixes, suffixes, and infixeses of two Kurdish dialects, Kurmanjki and Kurmanji, their mutual and diffident sides to be shown. In the recent times, in Kurmanjki and Kurmanji, new terms and words are inflected. To inflect new words and terms, we should have knowledge about prefixes, suffixes, and infixeses. Another aim of this research is to know the characteristics of Kurmanjki's prefixes, suffixes, and infixeses, and to help inflecting oral words. In this research, several outcomes were shown in the conclusion. Key words, Kurmanjki, Kurmanji, Kurmanjki infixeses, Kurmanjki prefixes, Kurmanjki suffixes, Zazaki.

Ev lêkolîne bi navûnîşanên (LI GOR ÇÊBÛNA XWE BÊJEYÊN KIRMANCKÎ (ZAZAKÎ) ye, li pey rêbaza wesfî şirovekarî hatîye encamdanê û kerstê wê ji herdû dîyalêktên Kurmacî û Kirmanckîyên zimanê Kurdî hatîye wergrtinê, ew jî bi bi herdu rêkên: Wergirtin ji zardevê xelkî. Wergirtin ji nimûneyên nivêsandî. Armanca giştî ji vê lêkolînê ewe ku alîyekê berawirdîyê di navbera dû dîyalêktên serekîyên zimanê Kurdîda berçav bikeyn, alîyê taybetî jî ewe ku ronahîyê bideyne ser taybetmendîya diyarda çêbûna bêjeyên kirmancki ji rûyê pêkhatnêve û ji alîyekê dinve layenên hebeşî û cudahîya pêkhatina bêjeyan di navbera Kirmanckî û Kurmancîyêda diyar bikeyn. Li dawyê jî li gor çarçûvê bo lêkolînê hatîye danan çend encamên dîyarkirî bi destve hatîne.

South Asians have a greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk than white Europeans, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. This study examined ethnic differences in free fatty acids (FFAs) metabolic profile (assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), appetite-related hormones and traditional CVD and T2D risk markers in blood samples collected from 16 South Asian and 16 white European men and explored associations with body composition, objectively-measured physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. South Asians exhibited higher concentrations of five FFAs (laurate, myristate, palmitate, linolenic, linoleate; p ≤ 0.040), lower acylated ghrelin (ES = 1.00, p = 0.008) and higher leptin (ES = 1.11, p = 0.004) than white Europeans; total peptide YY was similar between groups (p = 0.381). South Asians exhibited elevated fasting insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, triacylglycerol and ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lower fasting HDL-C (all ES ≥ 0.74, p ≤ 0.053). Controlling for body fat percentage (assessed using air displacement plethysmography) attenuated these differences. Despite similar habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (ES = 0.18, p = 0.675), V ˙ O2max was lower in South Asians (ES = 1.36, p = 0.001). Circulating FFAs in South Asians were positively correlated with body fat percentage (r2 = 0.92), body mass (r2 = 0.86) and AUC glucose (r2 = 0.89) whereas in white Europeans FFAs were negatively correlated with total step counts (r2 = 0.96). In conclusion, South Asians exhibited a different FFA profile, lower ghrelin, higher leptin, impaired CVD and T2D risk markers and lower cardiorespiratory fitness than white Europeans.

The aim of this study was to assess the differences in correlation of PPARGC1A polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in adults of African origins: African Americans and Haitian Americans. The case-control study consisted of >30 years old, self-identified Haitian Americans (n=110 cases and n=116 controls) and African Americans (n=124 cases and n=122 controls) living in South Florida with and without T2D. Adjusted logistic regression indicated that both SNP rs7656250 (OR = 0.22, P=0.005) and rs4235308 (OR = 0.42, P=0.026) showed protective association with T2D in Haitian Americans. In African Americans, however, rs4235308 showed significant risk association with T2D (OR = 2.53, P=0.028). After stratification with sex, in Haitian Americans, both rs4235308 (OR = 0.38, P=0.026) and rs7656250 (OR = 0.23, P=0.006) showed protective association with T2D in females whereas in African American males rs7656250 had statistically significant protective effect on T2D (OR = 0.37, P=0.043). The trends observed for genetic association of PPARGC1A SNPs, rs4235308, and rs7656250 for T2D between Haitian Americans and African Americans point out differences in Black race and warrant replicative study with larger sample size.

Heart failure constitutes a major cardiovascular health hazard worldwide. It afflicts over 1% of the general population and nearly 1 in 10 of the elderly. Chronic heart failure (CHF) also accounts for an increasing proportion of available hospital resources. Moreover, despite intense medical care, the outlook ok for the patient with chronic heart failure continues to remain quite dismal; both quality of life and survival prospects are severely limited. Ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolic phenomena and sudden death are common in patients with this syndrome. There is extensive experimental evidence from in vitro and animal experimentsthat chronic heart failu lure is a state of increased oxidative and nitrosative stress. Moreover, in animal models, the development of CHF is accompanied by changes in the antioxidant defense mechanisms of the myocardium as well as evidence of oxidative myocardial inju jury. On the other hand, in general, increased nitrosativestress is linked to increased oxidative stress. Alterations in nitric oxide synthase NOS) activity and nitric oxide (•NO) may contribute to failing heart. These data have led to the hypothesis that increased oxidative and nitrosative stress at least maybe a mechanism of disease progression in CHF. In this article, studies on oxidative/nitrosative stress in CHF are reviewed with all dimensions.

Schwannomas are usually single, encapsulated, and benign tumors of the nerve sheath that arise from the perineural Schwann cells. Schwannomas are mostly seen in the fourth decade. Despite its location in the head and neck region is 25–45%, lip location of schwannoma are very rare. We present a case of a upper lip schwannoma in the pediatric age and review the literature.

This article explores missed opportunities in the development of monoclonal antibodies using mice and hybridoma technology. It emphasizes the importance of antigen presentation and the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in determining immunogenicity. The article suggests that using a diverse range of mouse strains or genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) could enhance antibody production. It also highlights the success of monoclonal antibody development in mice and proposes alternative approaches to generate a greater number of antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The authors clarify that their views are their own and do not represent their affiliated organizations or the publisher. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Newborns with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) with increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) are at high risk for congestive heart failure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence and degree of pulmonary edema in newborns with CCHD using lung ultrasound (LUS) during the perioperative period. Methods: Prospective clinical trial, 44 newborn patients with CCHD were evaluated in this prospective clinical trial. LUS was repeatedly performed to determine the course of pulmonary edema during the perioperative period. LUS was performed simultaneously with chest radiography (CXR), which was the main part of patient management. The primary outcome of this study was to identify whether a correlation existed between LUS and CXR findings. The secondary outcomes were to determine the relationship between LUS and the need for respiratory support, diuretic use, vasoactive inotropic score (VIS), and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) levels during the perioperative period. Results: The mean gestational age of the patients was 38.3 ± 1.7 weeks, with a mean birth weight of 3026 ± 432 g. In the preoperative period, both LUS and CXR images were consistent with clinical signs of pulmonary edema. On the first postoperative day, pulmonary edema increased compared to the preoperative period but gradually decreased by the 6th day of surgery (p