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Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of electrolyte and ABG abnormalities in infants with HPS and also we evaluate other parameters of the study. ‎ Materials and Methods: This descriptive study covers 161 infants with HPS hospitalized in children Medical center of Tehran university underwent surgical repair from march 1996 to march 2002 . ‎ Results & Conclusion: The results indicated that Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis had occurred in 40% of patients. ‎The sex ratio was 3/1 =M/F and the most time of presentation was between 15t and 5st week and the most presenting sign was vomiting. Clinical icter happened to be found in 15% of patients. The incidence of accompanying anomalies was 9% and olive sign was palpable in 40%. ‎The best way for evaluating and diagnosis was sonography. ‎The mean period to begin postoperative feeding was 30 hours' no complication related to option was reported after operation.

Ectomesenchimal cells, placed near the embryonal tube, migrate to down and share in facial and cardiac structures. Migration or differentiation disorders of these cell causes cleft lip/ or palate and congenital heart disease (CHD). This item was performed to determine co-appearing of cleft and CHD and to know adjutant factors to that for better management of these patient."nMaterials and Methods: Two hundered children with cleft lip and palate were registered. Finding was analyzed by fisher's exact text and chi-square tests."nResults: CHD is ten times of normal population in this research (p< 0.01 and odd ratio 10.39) and incidence of CHD in cleft is high in cleft patient if another congenital animalies were presented (p< 0.001, odd ratio 5.18)."nConclusion: By attention to higher incidence of CHD in cleft patients, it is advised to cardiologist consulting before cleft surgery for better managing."n"n"n

Background: Mediastinum includes the vital organs like the heart the major respiratory passages and the major vessels due to this vicinity, the masses of this area with malignant or benign etiology or cause systemic diseases such as metastatic malignancies or granulomatous reactions can be potentially fatal. Materials and Methods: According to the priority of the problem, a ten years comprehensive retrospectively study of mediastinal masses in children was conducted In children medical Center (Tehran University) from the points of view of incidence, clinical manifestations and diagnostic and treating ways. Results & Conclusion: In our study there were 34 patients from 1992-2002 who were reviewed. No differences between boys and girls with mediastinal masses were observrd. The most prevalence age for mediastinal tumors was form 5-10 years (38%). The most prevalent sign was fever (53%) and the most common symptom was coughing (44.4%). Basesd on this research, mediastinal masses have been the most prevalent finding in chest radiography (53.8%). CT-Scan with double contrast was recognized as the most common and easiest ways for diagnosing masses. Anterior masses were the most common finding in our study (41.7%). Most of these masses were removed by surgery and the most common operation in our patients was thoracotomy and removing the masses (61.7%). Lymphoma was the most common masses (35.2%) and masses with neural orgins occupy the second grade. According to available documents and with regard to mean follow up of patients in 3.2 years the rate of survival was 54%.

Background: The aim of this study was to review the frequency, histopathology and outcome in children with tumors of the liver. Methods: Included in this retrospective/descriptive study were 30 children treated for liver tumors from 1375-1384 (ca. 1996-2005), at Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. We included the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic data of our patients, focusing on the frequency, etiology and outcome. Results: Patient ages ranged from three months to 12 years (median 3.8 years), with 18 males (60%) and 12 females (40%). Of these, 17 patients had hepatoblastoma (55.66%), including 13 males and four females, with an age range of six months to five years. Four cases (13.33%) had neuroblastoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was found in three cases (10%), all of whom were carriers of hepatitis B. Two cases (6.66%) were diagnosed with mesenchymal hamartoma, two cases (6.66%) with hemangioendothelioma and two cases (6.66%) with rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma of the biliary tract. Abdominal swelling and hepatomegaly were seen in all of patients. Jaundice was observed in two cases. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels greater than 500 ng/ml were seen in 17 cases (56.66%). All patients were receiving specific treatment. The three-year survival rate was 65% for hepatoblastoma and 2% for HCC Conclusion: With the introduction of specific treatment, the survival rate for children with tumors of the liver has significantly increased. Further improvement can be achieved using diagnostic biopsy for hepatoblastoma, although it may result in complications, and preoperative chemotherapy followed by complete surgical excision (per International Society of Pediatric Oncology guidelines), yielding an outstanding survival rate of 80%.

Complementary feedstuff extract from Laminaria digitata and Ascophylum nodossum containing 1% alginic acids as stimulator of immune system in Litopenaeus vannamei for controlling WSSV was used in this study. The test shrimps, Litopenaeus vannamei, in larvae stage (Z1-PL1), post larvae stage (PL1 –PL10) and juvenile (from day 30 to 40) were fed by complimentary feedstuff as the other test conditions in the test and control group were the same. Both groups were exposed to WSSV after 40 days by oral inoculation. The clinical signs and mortality were recorded for 10 days. The results showed the survival rate of the test group was higher than the control group and it was significant (P

The aim of this study was to introduce a new animal model of fecal incontinence (FI) by injecting abobotulinumtoxinA in the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle of dogs which replaces models based on anal sphincter destructions that are invasive, mostly require surgical procedures, expensive, permanent, and painful to the animals. 4 healthy mongrel dogs were used in this study. First, they were received NaCl 0.09% (as control) injections in EAS muscle and effects were assessed by means of Electromyography (EMG) and clinically evaluated by sphincter pinch test and presence of leakage of feces for 2 weeks. Then, they received abobotulinumtoxinA in EAS muscle and reevaluated for 6 weeks to see short-term and medium-term effects of abobotulinumtoxinA injection. Saline had no significant changes in results obtained from EMG, however, there were significant decreases in amplitudes of action potentials after receiving abobotulinumtoxinA in comparison with no injection or saline injection in EAS muscle. Pinch tests were normal after saline injection assessment period, however, then started to be negative, ranging from two days after abobotulinumtoxinA injection to seven days after receiving abobotulinumtoxinA. Animals also had significant presentations of fecal incontinence (leakage of feces and cage contamination with feces) from the 1 st week after receiving abobotulinumtoxinA until the 6 th week after receiving abobotulinumtoxinA. AbobotulinumtoxinA caused paralysis in the EAS and producd FI conditions in dogs. This animal model was an appropriate substitute to the various invasive, expensive and also complicated procedures with an easy, feasible, noninvasive and non-painful single-stage abobotulinumtoxinA injection., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 Urmia University. All rights reserved.)

Statement of the Problem: Endodontic materials that are placed in direct contact with living tissues should be biocompatible. The cytotoxicity of Nano Fast Cement (NFC) compared to ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (ProRoot MTA) must be evaluated., Purpose: This In vitro study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of NFC in comparison to ProRoot MTA on L-929 mouse fibroblast cells., Materials and Method: In this animal study, L-929 mouse fibroblast cells were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in an atmosphere of 5% co 2 /95% air at 37 C̊. A total of 10 4 cells from the fourth collection were plated in each well of a 96-well micro-titer plate. Materials were mixed according to the manufacturer's instruction and placed into the related plastic molds with 5 mm diameter and 3 mm height. After 24 hours and a complete setting, the extracts of the tested materials were produced at six different concentrations and placed in the related wells. Cells in DMEM served as the negative control group. DMEM alone was used as the positive control group. Methyl-thiazoltetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay was conducted after 24, 48, and 72 hours. The absorbance values were measured by ELISA plate reader at 540 nm wavelength. Three-way analysis of variance, post-hoc Tukey, LSD, and independent t-test were used for the statistical analyses using SPSS software, version 16.0., Results: There was no statically significant difference between MTA and NFC in cell viability values at different concentrations and different time intervals ( p = 0.649). Viability values were significantly decreased after 72 hours, but there was no significant difference between the first and second MTT assays ( p = 0.987). Cytotoxicity significantly increased at concentrations higher than 6.25 µɡ/ml., Conclusion: Cytotoxicity depends on time, concentration, and cement composition. There was no statistically significant difference between NFC and MTA concerning their cytotoxic effects on L-929 mouse fibroblast cells., (Copyright: © Journal of Dentistry.)

Aim: One of the most vital characteristics of an ideal root filling material is the capability to inhibit the growth of the microorganisms. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is one of the most used root repair materials, with approved antibacterial effect. A newly introduced root repair material is nano-fast cement (NFC) which should be investigated. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of NFC were evaluated in the present study., Materials and Methods: Enterococcus faecalis (PTCC 1394), Escherichia coli (ATTC 15224), and Candida albicans (PTCC 5027) were employed for the antimicrobial assessment. The following were the steps used to conduct the agar diffusion test (ADT): six agar plates were used. 0.5 McFarland concentration of each strain was cultured on two plates by a sterile cotton-tipped swab. Three holes with 5mm diameter were created on each plate. Freshly mixed cement was placed in the holes of the related plate. After two hours, the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Then, the diameter of the growth inhibition zones were measured, and the mean values were used for the analysis. Direct contact test (DCT) was done by using the following steps: Freshly mixed materials were placed in the 96-well microtiter plate. 10 μL of each bacterial suspension was added to the tested cement. After one-hour incubation at 37°C, 245 μL of BHI broth was added to each well, and the plate was vortexed for 2 minutes. About 15 μL of this bacterial suspension was added to a new well which contained 215 μL of fresh medium. The kinetics of the bacterial outgrowth were measured by the microplate spectrophotometer hourly for 12 hours., Results: No significant differences were observed between the diameters of the growth inhibition zones of MTA and NFC groups in ADT. In DCT, the MTA inhibits E. coli more effectively than NFC ( p value < 0.001). Both cements had the same inhibitory effect on E. faecalis and C. albicans ., Conclusion: The MTA and NFC are almost equally effective against the tested microorganisms., Clinical Significance: The antibacterial characteristic of any dental material is an important matter. As well, the antibacterial efficacy of the NFC should be evaluated.

This equivalence, randomized, clinical trial aimed to compare the postoperative pain of root canal therapy (RCT) with pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (PMTA) or calcium-enriched mixture (PCEM) in permanent mature teeth. In seven academic centers, 550 cariously exposed pulps were included and randomly allocated into PMTA ( n  = 188), PCEM ( n  = 194), or RCT ( n  = 168) arms. Preoperative "Pain Intensity" (PI) on Numerical Rating Scale and postoperative PIs until day 7 were recorded. Patients' demographic and pre-/intra-/postoperative factors/conditions were recorded/analysed. The arms were homogeneous in terms of demographics. The mean preoperative PIs were similar ( P =0.998), the mean sum PIs recorded during 10 postoperative intervals were comparable ( P =0.939), and the trend/changes in pain relief were parallel ( P =0.821) in all study arms. The incidences of preoperative moderate-severe pain in RCT, PMTA, and PCEM arms were 56.5%, 55.7%, and 56.7%, which after 24 hours considerably decreased to 13.1%, 10.6%, and 12.9%, respectively ( P =0.578). The time span of endodontic procedures was statistically different; RCT = 69.73, PMTA = 35.37, and PCEM = 33.62 minutes ( P < 0.001). Patients with greater preoperative pain, symptomatic apical periodontitis, or presence of PDL widening suffered more pain ( P =0.002, 0.035, and 0.023, resp.); however, other pre-/intra-/postoperative factors/conditions were comparable. Pulpotomy with MTA/CEM and RCT demonstrate comparable and effective postoperative pain relief., Competing Interests: Saeed Asgary is the inventor of CEM cement (Endodontic Filling Material, USA, 7,942,961, 17 May, 2011). All other authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Mohammad Jafar Eghbal et al.)

Background: The spiral intestinal lengthening and tailoring (SILT) procedure is a new surgical technique for autologous intestinal reconstruction in patients with short bowel syndrome. The aim of this work is to present a first description of a modified SILT technique by which the mucosal layer is left intact to possibly reduce the severe postoperative complications of intestinal leakage and abdominal abscess formation., Materials and Methods: The modified SILT technique was performed on a 10-cm-long intestinal segment in 2 pigs to determine the technical feasibility. Thereafter, the short-term clinical feasibility was monitored clinically in 2 dogs by gastrointestinal X-ray series at postoperative day 4 and by relaparotomy postoperative day 10., Results: It was technically feasible to lengthen the intestinal segment from 10 cm to 20 cm and tailoring it from 3 cm to 1.7 cm in diameter, while leaving the intestinal mucosal layer intact. The postoperative course was uneventful for both dogs. The gastrointestinal X-ray series showed an inconspicuous intestinal transit time without any signs of stricture, perforation, or leakage. In the relaparotomy, the initially achieved lengthening and tailoring extents were preserved and the operated intestinal segment was well perfused with no early signs of necrosis, stenosis, or leakage., Conclusions: Leaving the mucosal layer intact during SILT is technically and clinically feasible in the short term in a large animal model. Further studies are needed to fully assess the impact of this technical modification on the long-term outcome of larger series., (© The Author(s) 2015.)

Background: Total colectomy is used in children with total colonic aganglionosis, Ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The purpose of this study was to maintain ileocecal valve and rectal-sparing surgery for the prevention of fecal incontinence in these children., Methods: From1990 to 2011, 14 children with diagnosis of UC, FAP and Hirschsprung's disease were operated. Total colectomy was done with the preservation of patch of cecum with ileocecal valve and half of the rectum with ileocecorectal anastomosis. Distal ileum designed as S shape pouch and ileocecal valve were preserved. In Hirschsprung's disease, posterior rectal myotomy was established. The data were collected and analyzed., Results: The mean age of the patients was 54 months (ranged from 2 months to 18 years). Ten patients were male. Among 14 patients, Hirschsprung's disease, ulcerative colitis and FAP were seen in 10, 3, and one case, respectively. They were followed up annually. Clinical and endoscopic examinations were performed to evaluate the function of ileocecorectal anastomosis. They followed from 2 to 24 years. At first year, the patients experienced four to six bowel movements during the day and one at night. This frequency decreased over time. The main postoperative complications included recurrent enterocolitis (n=2), perianal fistula (n=2). Only 2 patients were suffering from some degree of fecal soiling., Conclusion: The results show that the Ileocecal patch- low rectal anastomosis in total colectomy leads to low complications and prevent fecal frequency and incontinence. It also increases absorptive function of ileum in children.

The aim of this article is to present a new Technique of giant omphaloceles repair in neonatal period and also later in life in patients that the primary repair has been failed. From 1999 to 2006, seven consecutive children (male/female ratio 0.4) with giant omphalocele (n=6) and Gastroschesis (n=2) were underwent this new operation in our center. In this technique, there were two operations. The mean of hospital stay was 38 days (range, 23-42 days), and full enteral feeding was achieved on the 8 to 25 postoperative day (Mean, 14 day). The final closure, in all patients was achieved between the 14 to 32 days after the first operation (Mean, 21 day). Mechanical ventilation was necessary for the mean of 5 days (range, 2-8 days). All patients are alive and have no complication due to the operation (1 month-7 years). Giant omphalocele and Gastroschesis can be safely repaired. The placement of an intraperitoneal tissue expander and traction of abdominal muscles can create the needed space for closure in several weeks in patients with giant omphalocele/ Gastroschesis.

The present procedure for correcting scar contractures in the hand is demonstrated on the basis of experiences gained from 2 500 cases of children with burns of the upper limb. In extensive burns, vascular transplants from the inguinal region are used. The essential condition is the complete removal of all scar tissue. In relevant cases, this procedure must be complemented with extension of the tendons and arthrolysis. After the transplants have taken, functional exercises may be begun. Histological examination of the scars demonstrated malignancy in five cases.