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Mass spectrometry is a method of evaluation used to identify which particles compose an example based on the ions' mass spectrum. Mass spectrometers can perform conventional detection and quantitation of target analytes. However, they can also be used for the rapid discovery of bacteria within a medical setting. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer is one of the most prominent MS tools applied in biology, with its robust and accurate recognition of categories and types of a wide variety of Gram-positive and negative microorganisms. Mass spectrometry detection is based on determining a particular range of each kind and matching it with a comprehensive data source within the tool. Today's study describes the history and sample preparation of the MALDI-TOF MS technique. Moreover, the applications of MALDI-TOF MS microbial recognition in the center and the presence of antimicrobial resistance will be presented. Besides, the present restrictions and future use of MALDI-TOF MS in forthcoming daily scientific practice are reviewed. In this review, microorganisms will also be addressed in future clinical applications, primarily using MALDI-TOF MS in microbiology to identify and analyze antibiotic resistance.

Ehsaneh Khodadadi,1 Elham Zeinalzadeh,2,3 Sepehr Taghizadeh,1 Bahareh Mehramouz,3 Fadhil S Kamounah,4 Ehsan Khodadadi,5 Khudaverdi Ganbarov,6 Bahman Yousefi,7 Milad Bastami,7 Hossein Samadi Kafil1 1Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2100, Denmark; 5Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; 6Department of Microbiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan; 7Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranCorrespondence: Hossein Samadi KafilDrug Applied Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave, Tabriz 5166614711, IranTel +98-9127184735Fax +98-4133364661Email Kafilhs@tbzmed.ac.irAbstract: Sequences of the genomes of all-important bacterial pathogens of man, plants, and animals have been completed. Still, it is not enough to achieve complete information of all the mechanisms controlling the biological processes of an organism. Along with all advances in different proteomics technologies, proteomics has completed our knowledge of biological processes all around the world. Proteomics is a valuable technique to explain the complement of proteins in any organism. One of the fields that has been notably benefited from other systems approaches is bacterial pathogenesis. An emerging field is to use proteomics to examine the infectious agents in terms of, among many, the response the host and pathogen to the infection process, which leads to a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of bacterial virulence. This trend also enables us to identify quantitative measurements for proteins extracted from microorganisms. The present review study is an attempt to summarize a variety of different proteomic techniques and advances. The significant applications in bacterial pathogenesis studies are also covered. Moreover, the areas where proteomics may lead the future studies are introduced.Keywords: bacterial pathogenesis studies, drug resistance, virulence, pathogen, proteomics