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Abstract Introduction Surgery requires a high degree of precision, speed, and concentration. Owing to the complexity of the modern world, traditional methods cannot meet these requirements. Therefore, in this study, we investigated students’ diagnostic skills in the Operating Room in the context of surgical instruments by using gamification of surgical instruments and a crossover design. Method The study design was a multi-institutional quasi-experimental crossover and involved a three-arm intervention (with gender-specific block randomisation: Group A, B, and C) with a pre-test and three post-tests. A total of 90 students fell into three groups of 30 participants each. The surgical sets were learned for one semester through game-based instruction and traditional teaching, and then three OSCE tests were administered with time and location differences. Using one-way ANOVA, OSCE results were compared in the game, traditional, and control groups. The effectiveness of the intervention was tested in each group by repeated measures. Result The pretest scores of all three groups did not differ significantly. In the OSCE tests, both groups, A and B, performed similarly. However, these tests showed a significant difference in grouping between training through games and training in the traditional way. There was no significant difference between OSCE tests 2 and 3 in the game-based training group, indicating that what was learned was retained, while in the traditional method training group, OSCE 3 test scores declined significantly. Furthermore, repeated measures showed the effectiveness of game-based training. Conclusion In this study, gamification has turned out to be very effective in helping learners learn practical skills and leading to more sustainable learning.

This study aimed to investigate the most common Coronavirus pathogens in humans in the third millennium. In this study, all documents in English on pathogenic coronaviruses were examined from the beginning of 2002 to March 27, 2020. Articles were searched through reliable databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane library, and BioRxiv using the keywords "COVID-19", "Coronavirus 2019", "SARS-CoV," and" MERS-CoV." In addition, reliable health websites, such as WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), were used to obtain new figures and information on these diseases. A total of 1563 articles and documents were extracted, and after reviewing the full texts of these articles, 100 papers and documents with necessary eligibility were finally selected in the present review study. The outbreak of pathogenic viruses, especially the latest one, i.e., COVID-19, as a severe threat can affect the entire global community, in particular medical staff who are at the forefront of fighting against the virus. It can generally be concluded that coronaviruses have high pathogenesis, with very rapid person-to-person transmission. Since human knowledge is not yet complete about the new type of this virus, i.e., COVID-19, there are no definitive treatments for the virus. Thus, the best and only way to prevent affection from this virus is currently fully implementing health protocols and preventing self-infection and the virus outbreak.

Background and Objectives: Academic procrastination can have an adverse effect on students' educational, communicational, health, and career prospects. Therefore, recognizing the factors affecting academic procrastination among students is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between academic procrastination with emotional intelligence and self-efficacy among operating room students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was performed on 95 operating room students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaires, academic procrastination questionnaire, Scherer general self-efficacy scale and schutte self-report emotional intelligence scale. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression by SPSS software version 21. Results: The Mean±‌SD scores of academic procrastination, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence were 20.6±‌8.7, 63.1±‌9.3 and 119.2±‌17.6, respectively. There was a significant and inverse correlation between academic procrastination with self-efficacy (P‌=‌ 0.001, r‌=‌ -0.339) and emotional intelligence (P‌=‌0.007, r‌=‌ -0.276). The results of regression analysis showed that the model of predicting academic procrastination based on self-efficacy is significant (P‌=‌0.035). Academic procrastination based on emotional intelligence was not significant (P‌=‌0.474). Conclusion: The results of this study show that academic procrastination is less among students with higher self-efficacy and emotional intelligence.

Patient’s safety and staff in hospital is one issue that has always been considered as an important principle by experts in health systems. Therefore, for increase safety, standards and safety regulations must be considered. This study aims to evaluation of safety standards accomplishment in educational hospitals of Neyshabur University of medical Sciences. This cross-sectional descriptive study, safety standard status of all wards including 17 various wards from 22 Bahman hospital and 14 various wards from hakim Hospital in Neyshabur city (2016) was investigated. Data were collected using a questionnaire safety standard status hospitals (264 questions). Also data analyzed by SPSS16 software, using descriptive (Mean ± SD) and inferential statistics (T-Test). The results revealed that Safety standard status in 22bahman and hakim hospital were weak (2.42 ± 0.14) and moderate (3.04 ± 0.18) respectively. Also result showed in Hakim hospital, the highest and lowest safety standard status in Internal and Administrative-financial unit was (3.42 ± 0.19) (1.36 ± 0.58) respectively. In addition in hakim hospital, the highest and lowest safety standard status in operation room and administrative-financial unit (3.53 ± 0.28), 1.36 ± 0.58) respectively. According to the result, the safety condition in hospitals of Neyshabur city is moderate and poor status. However, imperfect implementation of safety protocols can endanger safety conditions in hospital. Therefore, it is necessary to take the required correcting measures to ensure full safety in hospitals. • Safety is defined by development of systems for preventing incidents, injuries, and other unpleasant events in organizations. • This article showed the safety status is not appropriate in most units of hospitals, which can lead to dangers for patients and personnel. • It is suggested for future studies to compare the safety status of different provinces. Methods name: Evaluation of Safety Standards Accomplishment, Keywords: Standards, Hospitals, Safety, Neyshabur